Relevant bibliographies by topics / Active detectors

Academic literature on the topic 'Active detectors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Active detectors":

1

Huang, Yujie, Jing Yang, Degang Zhao, Yuheng Zhang, Zongshun Liu, Feng Liang, and Ping Chen. "Role of Vacancy Defects in Reducing the Responsivity of AlGaN Schottky Barrier Ultraviolet Detectors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 3148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183148.

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The spectral response properties of AlGaN Schottky barrier detectors with different Al content were investigated. It was found that the responsivity of AlGaN detectors decreases with increase in Al content in AlGaN. It was found that neither dislocation density nor the concentration of carbon and oxygen impurities made any remarkable difference in these AlGaN devices. However, the positron annihilation experiments showed that the concentration of Al or Ga vacancy defects (more likely Ga vacancy defects) in AlGaN active layers increased with the increase in Al content. It is assumed that the Al or Ga vacancy defects play a negative role in a detector’s performance, which increases the recombination of photogenerated carriers and reduces the detector responsivity. It is necessary to control the concentration of vacancy defects for the high performance AlGaN detectors.
2

Izumi, Yoshihiro, and Yasukuni Yamane. "Solid-State X-Ray Imagers." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 11 (November 2002): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.278.

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AbstractNew solid-state x-ray imagers known as digital flat-panel x-ray detectors are about to be launched in the field of medical diagnostics. The combination of active-matrix technologies developed for active-matrix liquid-crystal displays and x-ray detection materials constitutes the basis of the detectors. Recently, two kinds of direct-conversion detectors have been developed in order to improve their performance. One is a detector using a thick x-ray photoconductor (∼1 mm) made of amorphous selenium, and the other is a novel hybrid panel detector using an x-ray photoconductor made of polycrystalline Cd(Zn)Te. As a result, excellent resolution and good linear sensitivity have been achieved. These detectors have great promise as next-generation digital imaging systems for fluoroscopy and radiography.
3

Prado, A. R. C., F. S. Bortoli, N. S. Magalhaes, R. N. Duarte, C. Frajuca, and R. C. Souza. "Obtaining the sensitivity of a calibrator for interferometric gravitational wave." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012158.

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Abstract Interferometric gravitational wave detectors (IGWD) are a very complex detector, the need to lock the detector in a dark fringe condition besides the vibrations that affect the mirrors, creates the necessity of using active suspension systems. These active systems make the system reach the desired sensitivity but make the calibration of such detectors much more difficult. To solve this problem a calibrator is proposed, a resonant mass gravitational wave detector could be used to detect the same signal in a narrower band and use the measured amplitude to calibrate the IGWD, as resonant mass gravitational wave detectors are easily calibrated. This work aims to obtain the expected sensitivity of such a calibrator by using lumped modelling in such mechanical detectors. The calibrator is modelled as a spring mass system and the sensitivity curve is presented calculated in by a matlab program. The curve shows that using state of art parameters for the detector the final sensitivity is close to the quantum limit and can be used to calibrate the IGWDs.
4

Prado, A. R. C., F. S. Bortoli, N. S. Magalhaes, R. N. Duarte, C. Frajuca, and R. C. Souza. "Modelling a mechanical antenna for a calibrator for interferometric gravitational wave detector using finite elements method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012157.

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Abstract Interferometric gravitational wave detectors (IGWD) are a very complex detector, the need to lock the detector in a dark fringe condition besides the vibrations that affect the mirrors, creates the necessity of using active suspension systems. These active systems make the system reach the desired sensitivity but make the calibration of such detectors much more difficult. To solve this problem a calibrator is proposed, a resonant mass gravitational wave detector could be used to detect the same signal in a narrower band and use the measured amplitude to calibrate the IGWD, as resonant mass gravitational wave detectors are easily calibrated. This work aims to design the mechanical antenna of such a calibrator. The main difficulty is to design the calibrator is the frequencies required to make the detection. These massive detectors usually were made in frequencies close to 1 kHz and the frequency range to operate for better sensitivity is around 100 Hz. The antenna is modelled in finite elements method and a design of such an antenna is presented.
5

Patt, B. E., J. S. Iwanczyk, and C. R. Tull. "Characterization of Large-Area Silicon Drift Detectors at High Count Rates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 728–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036138.

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Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) are being developed for analytical x-ray spectrometry having large active area, high-energy resolution and capability of operating at high counting rates. The development derives from the charged coupled device (CCD) for light-signal imaging, utilizing the extremely low capacitance of the detector and readout electronics and subsequent developments of silicon drift detectors for high-energy physics applications and more recently, x-ray spectroscopy applications. The now well-known advantage of the drift detector design is that, unlike traditional planar detectors, it allows for relatively large active area while still maintaining a very low anode capacitance (60 fF). This low value of detector capacitance results in a lowering of the series-noise component and hence the overall inherent electronic noise. Additionally, the reduction of the series noise leads to faster optimal shaping time, and as a consequence this provides for extremely high count rates.
6

Čerba, Štefan, Branislav Vrban, Jakub Luley, Vendula Filova, and Vladimír Nečas. "Thermal and Fast Neutron Measurement in the STU Mini Labyrinth Experiment." Nuclear Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (April 25, 2024): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/nst.v13i2.424.

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The Mini Labyrinth experiment is a neutron and gamma shielding experiment constructed at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU). The STU Mini Labyrinth consists of NEUTRONSTOP shielding, blocks of moderators, various neutron sources, a graphite prism, and the detector handling robot. It was designed for research and education purposes, while several experiments are also available online or a hybrid form. There have been several versions of the Mini Labyrinth developed, while currently the V3 version is available. This paper presents the methodology to effectively perform thermal and fast neutron measurements using a PuBe neutron source. In the experiment presented in this paper also active and passive detectors were used, and moderator materials were investigated to slightly shift the neutron spectrum. As for active detectors, the SNM-11 boron coated corona detector was used. Among passive detectors the CR-39 track detectors were investigated. The measurements were carried out in two configurations and the results were evaluated by simulations using the SCALE6 system
7

Bernat, Robert, Ivana Capan, Luka Bakrač, Tomislav Brodar, Takahiro Makino, Takeshi Ohshima, Željko Pastuović, and Adam Sarbutt. "Response of 4H-SiC Detectors to Ionizing Particles." Crystals 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010010.

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We report the response of newly designed 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) detector prototype to alpha and gamma radiation. We studied detectors of three different active area sizes (1 × 1, 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 mm2), while all detectors had the same 4H-SiC epi-layer thickness of approximately µm, sufficient to stop alpha particles up to 6.8 MeV, which have been used in this study. The detector response to the various alpha emitters in the 3.27 MeV to 8.79 MeV energy range clearly demonstrates the excellent linear response to alpha emissions of the detectors with the increasing active area. The detector response in gamma radiation field of Co-60 and Cs-137 sources showed a linear response to air kerma and to different air kerma rates as well, up to 4.49 Gy/h. The detector response is not in saturation for the dose rates lower than 15.3 mGy/min and that its measuring range for gamma radiation with energies of 662 keV, 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV is from 0.5 mGy/h–917 mGy/h. No changes to electrical properties of pristine and tested 4H-SiC SBD detectors, supported by a negligible change in carbon vacancy defect density and no creation of other deep levels, demonstrates the radiation hardness of these 4H-SiC detectors.
8

Sagatova, Andrea, Bohumir Zatko, Katarina Sedlackova, Marius Pavlovic, Vladimir Necas, Marko Fulop, Michael Solar, and Carlos Granja. "Semi-insulating GaAs detectors with HDPE layer for detection of fast neutrons from D–T nuclear reaction." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 44 (January 2016): 1660233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516602337.

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Bulk semi-insulating (SI) GaAs detectors optimized for fast-neutron detection were examined using mono-energetic neutrons. The detectors have an active area of 7.36 mm2 defined by a multi-pixel structure of a AuZn Schottky contact allowing a relatively high breakdown voltage (300 V) sufficient for full depletion of the detector structure. The Schottky contact is covered by a HDPE (high density polyethylene) conversion layer, where neutrons transfer their kinetic energy to hydrogen atoms through elastic nuclear collisions. The detectors were exposed to mono-energetic neutrons generated by a deuterium (D)–tritium (T) nuclear reaction at a Van de Graaff accelerator. Neutrons reached a kinetic energy of 16.8 MeV when deuterons were accelerated by 1 MV potential. The influence of the HDPE layer thickness on the detection efficiency of the fast neutrons was studied. The thickness of the conversion layer varied from 50 [Formula: see text]m to 1300 [Formula: see text]m. The increase of the HDPE layer thickness led to a higher detection efficiency due to higher conversion efficiency of the HDPE layer. The effect of the active detector thickness modified by the detector reverse bias voltage on the detection efficiency was also evaluated. By increasing the detector reverse voltage, the detector active volume expands to the depth and also to the sides, slightly increasing the neutron detection efficiency.
9

Rulaningtyas, S.T., M.T., Dr Riries, Indrawati Apriliyah, and Winarno. "Design of a Fire Location Monitoring System Using Temperature and Smoke Detectors on Sea Ships." Indonesian Applied Physics Letters 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/iapl.v3i2.40988.

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A fire location monitoring system is designed in this study to determine the location of a fire on a ship. The inputs used are temperature detectors and smoke detectors. The fire location monitoring system is designed using raspberry pi as a mini pc, temperature detector, smoke detector, alarm and Lazarus as a user interface. The room used as the object of research consists of the control room, steering room, engine room and kitchen room. The type and number of detectors used vary depending on the design of the detector placement in each room. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the fire location monitoring system is able to detect a fire when the temperature or smoke detector is active. In addition, the system is able to show the location of detectors that actively detect fires accompanied by an alarm sound. The average performance of the system in detecting a fire is 93%.
10

Taguchi, Takeyoshi, Christian Brönnimann, and Eric F. Eikenberry. "Next generation X-ray detectors for in-house XRD." Powder Diffraction 23, no. 2 (June 2008): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2912455.

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A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland during the last decade. PILATUS detectors are two-dimensional hybrid pixel array detectors, which operate in single-photon counting mode. PILATUS detectors feature a very wide dynamic range (1:1 000 000), very short readout time (<3.0 ms), no readout noise, and very high counting rate (>2×106counts/s/pixel). In addition, a lower energy threshold can be set in order to suppress fluorescence background from the sample, thus a very good signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. The combination of these features for area detectors is unique and thus the PILATUS detectors are considered to be the next generation X-ray detectors. The basic building block of all the detectors is the PILATUS module having an active area of 83.8×33.5 mm2. The PILATUS 100K is a complete detector system with one module. PILATUS detector systems can have other configurations, including large area systems consisting of 20 to 60 modules that can cover up to an area of 431×448 mm2. Such large systems are mainly used for macromolecular structure determination, such as protein crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering. The PILATUS 100K detector can be easily adapted to many systems; the single-module detector is integrated to an in-house X-ray diffraction (XRD) system. Examples of XRD measurements with the PILATUS 100K detector are given.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Active detectors' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active detectors":

1

Lawrence, Ryan Christopher 1975. "Active wavefront correction in laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29308.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-243).
As the first generation of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors near operation, research and development has begun on increasing the instrument's sensitivity while utilizing existing infrastructure. In the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), significant improvements are being planned for installation in 2007 to increase the sensitivity to test mass displacement, hence sensitivity to gravitational wave strain, by improved suspensions and test mass substrates, active seismic isolation, and higher input laser power. Even with the highest quality optics available today, however, finite absorption of laser power within transmissive optics, coupled with the tremendous amount of optical power circulating in various parts of the interferometer, result in critical wavefront deformations which will cripple the performance of the instrument. Discussed is a method of active wavefront correction via direct thermal actuation on optical elements of the interferometer; or, "thermally adaptive optics". A simple nichrome heating element suspended off the face of an affected optic will, through radiative heating, remove the gross axisymmetric part of the original thermal distortion. A scanning heating laser- will then be used to remove any remaining non-axisymmetric wavefront distortion, generated by inhomogeneities in the substrate's absorption, thermal conductivity, etc. This work includes a quantitative analysis of both techniques of thermal compensation, as well as the results of a proof-of-principle experiment which verified the technical feasibility of each technique.
by Ryan Christopher Lawrence.
Ph.D.
2

Allread, Benjamin Scott. "Real-time pro-active safety in construction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34815.

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Collisions between personnel on foot and heavy equipment or materials on a construction site can be characterized as a contact collision. These types of incidents are a common occurrence on a work site. Technology is needed to improve work zone safety by alerting workers that are in danger of collisions pro-actively and in real-time. Developing this technology may assist in collecting previously un-recorded data on "near-misses" (close-calls). An approach is presented in this paper that is based on wireless radio frequency technology to alert workers in real-time when they are in danger. Various experiments are described that have been conducted in order to gain better understanding of the technology's potential, including measuring equipment blind spots and alert (or safety) zones. Blind spots areas are measured for six common construction vehicles to help determine the required (or minimum) alert distance (safety zone) for the equipment. A computer program was developed in-house to automatically calculate the percentage of blind spots on 2-dimensional planes and in the overall 3-dimensional volume. The blind spots results directly indicate the necessary safety zones for the equipment. The proximity device results show that technology demonstrated the capability of collecting important safety data while pro-actively detecting hazardous situations and warning workers and equipment operators during imminent potential hazardous events. Furthermore, the presented research can lead to improve the overall safety performance in construction and elsewhere through improved learning and education by providing relevant information to decision makers at all levels.
3

Hodgson, Michael. "Silicon carbide and diamond neutron detectors for active interrogation security applications." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/810650/.

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A thorough investigation has been carried out in order to determine the suitability of diamond and silicon carbide for active interrogation applications. This included electrical and radiological characterisation of single crystal diamond (D-SC) and polycrystalline diamond (D-PC) detectors; epitaxial silicon carbide (SiC-EP) and semi-insulating silicon carbide (SiC-SI); all compared against the performance of a commercial silicon PIN photodiode (Si-PIN) from Hamamatsu. This work aided in determining whether the detectors were suitable for radiation detection purposes, as well as obtaining the operational criteria for use. Characterisation work was also conducted on semi-insulating silicon carbide detectors from three different suppliers, as well as on detectors fabricated via different techniques. This work demonstrated the robustness of the material, as the charge collection properties were unaffected by contact fabrication technique. Changes in current-voltage characteristics were observed for different contact fabrication methods, but were generally still low (≈nA) over the ranges tested (±500V). Following this work the performance of selected detectors was measured against criteria for the AWE active interrogation project. Radiation dose dependent performance deterioration was observed in the SiC-SI and D-PC detectors, with decreased charge collection efficiency (-45±4%) and intrinsic efficiency (-40% at -400V) observed respectively. It is not clear as to whether these effects are a result of bulk material damage or contact/surface/mount damage, but an increase in the current-voltage relationship was also observed on these detectors, as well as the Si-PIN (SiC-SI≈+25% and D-PC≈+20% at -400V; Si- PIN≈+300% at -25V). Instability of the peak position and/or counting rate with irradiation time was observed in D-SC, D-PC and all the semi-insulating SiC (polarisation effect). For D-SC this was primarily with alpha particles and stability would be maintained after a period of time, with that period decreasing as the incident flux increases. For D-PC and the semi-insulating SiC, this effect was observed on most radiation types tested (alpha, beta, X-ray, gamma, neutron and protons) with polarisation rate increasing as the the number of charge carriers created per incident particle increased. However, it has been shown that combinations of ambient light and 0V bias could depolarise a semi-insulating SiC detector and even decrease its polarisation rate for future irradiations. D-SC, SiC-EP and semi-insulating SiC material were also shown to operate from -60◦C to +100◦C. For D-SC and SiC-EP the charge collection efficiency was similar (±10%) over the entire range, apart from at +100◦C for D-SC where it was ≈50% down. For SiC-SI, the charge collection efficiency peaked at room temperature, but became more stable at +100◦C (lower polarisation rate). All the detectors demonstrated the ability to detect and discriminate between both different energy neutrons and ionising photon (gamma) energies using simple energy threshold discrimination. Comparison of the endpoint energy for AmBe (< 4.1MeV >) and Cf-252 (< 2.1MeV >) or mono-energetic 1MeV and 5MeV neutrons, give ratios (Emax(High Energy)/Emax(Low Energy)) of ≈3.5, 2.5, 5.0, 4.9 and 2.0 for D-SC, D-PC-, SiC-EP, SiC-SI and Si-PIN respectively. Similarly comparison of the endpoint energy for Co-60 gammas (1.2MeV and 1.3MeV) and AmBe neutron (Emax(AmBe)/Emax(Co − 60)) give ratios of 8.1, 16.0, 6.4, 6.9 and 9.1 respectively. It was also shown that the neutron-gamma detection ability can be improved through simple design optimisation techniques, including: the use of high atomic number filtration to reduce gamma detection; hydrogenous proton conversion layers to improve neutron detection; and large area detection arrays to improve counting statistics.
4

Rose, Paul B. "Cherenkov detectors for transmission studies of monoenergetic high-energy photons in active interrogation applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54464.

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Active interrogation of cargo containers employing monoenergetic photons offers an expeditious low-dose approach in pursuit of shielded special nuclear materials. Cherenkov detectors can be used for a variety of purposes, including imaging of the cargo contingent upon gamma ray energies used in interrogation. If the gamma ray energies are sufficiently well separated, as the case in $^{11}$B(d,n-$\gamma$)$^{12}$C reaction resulting in 4.4 MeV and 15.1 MeV photons, spectral analysis using Cherenkov detectors is possible. Applying an array of custom designed Cherenkov detectors reduce undesired low energy background, both natural and scatter from the application environment, while producing the capability of high contrast transmission imaging. Spectral analysis of the image can be used to confirm the presence of high-Z materials by analyzing the relative transmission of the two main energies emitted by exploiting the large difference in Compton Scatter and pair production cross sections. These detectors require a special approach to design and energy calibration due to the lack of resolution in order for spectral analysis to take place. This thesis addresses the design and utility of Cherenkov detectors for active interrogation with monoenergetic photons as well as the results of computational and experimental studies of their energy calibration and application to imaging with material identification.
5

Fisher, Martin John. "Epitaxial growth and characterisation of heterojunction and homojunction LEDs with InAs active regions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268062.

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Van, Gorp Byron Everrett. "Force sensing integrated tip and active readout structures with improved dynamics and detection range." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22645.

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7

Ferrarese, Lupi Federico. "Optically active Si-rich Si3N4 Mu-cavities for sensoristic applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83606.

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In this thesis we have presented a thorough study on the optical and sensoristic properties of SRSN Mu-disks, in an isolated configuration and when coupled to a passive Si3N4 waveguide placed underneath. The whole structure of the device have been previously simulated in order to study the behavior of the supported WGM when subject to a geometrical variation (i.e.: radius, thickness, shape of the edge of the isolated Mu-disk): the obtained results granted the realization of Mu-resonators with Q factor exceeding 104. The coupled structure have been then simulated with the main goal of maximizing the WGM intensity transmitted at the end of the WG. This task has been fulfilled through a careful optimization of the geometrical parameters (i.e.: X-Gap and Z-Gap). The subsequent step, involving the fabrication process of the sample - realized in the Centro Nacional de Microelectronica (CNM) of Bellaterra - has been carried out using standard CMOS compatible process. The deposition and the implantation of the Si3N4 has been performed by means of LPCVD technique, while for the SiO2 deposition the PECVD. Finally the optical elements has been defined by means of a two level photolithographic mask. On the produced samples we have performed a superficial analysis (SEM, AFM) with the aim of evaluate the presence of geometrical imperfections and estimation of the superficial roughness. Furthermore the EFTEM analysis revealed the absence of Si-nc inside the active layer. Using the Cut-back technique, low losses under 1 dB/cm have been found in both VIS and IR spectral range in the passive WG of different width. On the other hand, applying the SES technique on an Si-rich WG structure we have been able to extract the losses value of active material in a wide and continuous range of wavelength, defined inside the PL spectrum. As a result of a careful optimization of the active SRSN in terms of PL intensities and optical losses, we have been able to produce bright and high Q isolated Mu-disks, achieving maximum values about 1.4x104 in a wide spectral range in the VIS and emitting up to few nW on a single resonance. The reported Q values are the best ever reported in circular Si-based light emitting Mu-cavities and are just limited by the spectral resolution of our experimental setup. The coupled structures demonstrated Q values up to 1.48x103, which are susceptible to be greatly improved through optimization of the fabrication process. Through a prof of concept , we have demonstrated that these structures are very sensible to the surrounding material and are able to detect refractive index changes with sensitivities of 51.79 nm/RIU and minimum measured refractive index change of 1.15x10-3 RIU.
En esta tesis, realizada en el departament d' Electrònica de la Universitat de Barcelona se ha presentado un estudio detallado the las propiedades ópticas y sensoras de estructuras resonantes tipo micro-disco fabricados íntegramente en nitruro de silicio enriquecido con silicio (SRSN). El estudio se ha llevado a cabo bien en estructuras aisladas o en una configuración acoplada con una guía de onda passiva situada debajo de la cavidad. La totalidad de la estructura ha sido simulada con el fin de estudiar el comportamiento de los modos resonantes WGM soportados cuando se cambian las condiciones de contorno geómetricas y del material. Los resultado obtenidos han permitido la realización de estructuras resonantes con factores de calidad superiores a 104. El objetivo de las simulaciones ha sido el de maximizar la intensidad transmitida de los modos soportados (WGM) al final de la guía de onda. Este hito ha sido cumplido gracias a la optimización de los parámetros geómetricos relativos (el X-gap y el Z-gap). Una vez producidas las muestras, se procedió a la realización de un análisis de superficie (SEM, AFM) para evaluar la rugosidad efectiva de las estructuras y las eventuales imperfecciones geométricas. Como resultado de la optimización del material activo en términos de intensidad de fotoluminiscencia y pérdidas ópticas, se consiguieron realizar cavidades resonantes de alta emisión luminosa y buenos factores de calidad. En un nuevo montaje experimental de u-PL desarrollado íntegramente para el estudio de estos dispositivos, se obtuvieron valores máximos de Q = 1.4x104 en un rango espectral ancho en el visible. La potencia emitida en cada resonancia ha sido medida y cuantificada en un valor de nW. Este valor permite la utilización de detectores de silicio integrados. Con el fin de evaluar la sensitividad del dispositivo, se han llevado a cabo medidas de u-PL cambiando el entorno del microdisco y monitorizando el desplazamiento espectral que sufre una determinada resonancia. El resultado de estas medidas muestra un desplazamiento de 1.37 nm como consecuencia de un índice de refracción de An = 0.0038 RIU (refractive index unit).
8

Fernandez-Perez, Sonia. "A novel depleted monolithic active pixel sensor for future high energy physics detectors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385732.

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El Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC) tiene previsto aumentar su luminosidad hasta siete veces su valor actual con el objetivo de ampliar su actual programa de física. Esta mejora se conoce con el nombre de High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) y está prevista para el año 2024-2026. El actual Inner Detector (ID) del detector de ALTAS será completamente reemplazado por uno nuevo para ajustarse a los rigurosos requisitos que impone el HL-LHC. Nuevos detectores de píxeles están siendo investigados para su utilización en todo el ID cuando el HL-LHC entre en operación. La utilización de sensores de píxeles tipo monolítico dentro del ID de ATLAS supondría una nueva era para los detectores de píxeles en física de altas energías debido a sus muchas ventajas con respecto a las tecnologías que se usan actualmente. Las principales ventajas son: mejor resolución espacial, menor densidad, mayor rendimiento, y menor coste. En este contexto, un nuevo tipo de sensor monolítico conocido como Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor on silicon-on-insulator ha sido investigado en esta tesis. El capítulo 1 describe el LHC, el experimento ATLAS, y las mejoras previstas para el HL-LHC. Este capítulo también describe los requerimientos y desafíos del futuro Inner Detector, al ser el subdetector más cercano al punto de interacción. El capítulo 2 describe la base de los detectores de partículas en física de altas energías. Este capítulo abarca la interacción de partículas con la materia, los conceptos básicos para la construcción de un detector de píxeles, y la resolución de momento transverso, vértice, y parámetro de impacto de un detector. El capítulo 3 describe los daños que la radiación produce en detectores de silicio, tanto en la electrónica como en el sensor, cuyo impacto es crucial en el rendimiento de los detectores especialmente para experimentos en el HL-LHC. El capítulo 4 revisa la evolución y tendencias en detectores de pixeles, abarcando desde los ya bien establecidos pixel híbridos, hasta los CMOS píxeles. La sección dedicada a los CMOS píxeles describe los diferentes tipos que se están considerando en ATLAS: High resistivity CMOS, high voltage CMOS, y monolíticos CMOS-on-SOI. Este ultimo compone el núcleo de estudio de esta tesis y es descrito en detalle. Los siguientes capítulos detallan el programa de caracterización y medidas realizado en el contexto de esta tesis. El capitulo 5 se centra en la caracterización del daño creado por la radiación en la electrónica hasta las dosis esperadas en el ID de ATLAS durante su operación en el HL-LHC. Las propiedades del detector, como son las corrientes de fuga, el cociente entre señal y ruido, la colección de carga y la profundidad de depleción, son descritas en el capitulo 6. El Capítulo 7 describe la caracterización de sensores monolíticos CMOS-on-SOI en un haz de piones, donde la colección de carga, el reparto de carga entre píxeles, la resolución espacial, y la eficiencia son discutidas. Este trabajo concluye con un resumen, con vistas al futuro de las tecnologías monolíticas CMOS-on-SOI en la física de altas energías.
A major upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) called High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is scheduled for 2024-2026. This will lead to an increase of the luminosity by seven times the current value and to the extension of the currently ongoing physics programme. A completely new Inner Detector for the ATLAS experiment needs to be developed to withstand the extremely harsh environment at the HL-LHC. New pixel detector concepts are being investigated as a possible candidate to the inner and outer layers of the HL-LHC ATLAS Inner Detector. The use of monolithic pixel sensors in the ATLAS Inner Tracker would lead to a new era of pixel detectors as a consequence of its many advantages with respect to the current technologies. The achievement of smaller spatial resolution, lower density, bigger production yield and throughput, and smaller budget cost are the main arguments to pursue this technology. In this context, a novel Depleted Monolithic Pixel Active Detector built on a thick film Silicon-On-Insulator has been fully investigated in this thesis. Chapter 1 introduces LHC and the ATLAS experiment as well as their foreseen scenarios at the HL-LHC upgrade. This naturally motivates the stringent requirements and challenges of the closest sub-detector to the interaction point, the Inner Detector. Chapter 2 describes the basis of a tracking detector for high energy physics applications, detailing the interactions of particles with matter to the formation of a pixel detector from a semiconductor material. Then the momentum, vertex, and impact parameter resolution of a tracking detector are calculated leading to a set of requirements for the detector design. Chapter 3 describes the radiation damage in silicon detectors whose impact to the detector performance is crucial specially for HL-LHC experiments. The radiation damage in the electronics and in the silicon bulk is treated. Chapter 4 revises the current developments and trends on pixel detectors from the well established hybrid pixel technologies to the commercial CMOS pixels. The commercial CMOS pixels section describes the current technologies being considered at ATLAS: high resistivity, high voltage CMOS (currently built as hybrid and as monolithic), and monolithic CMOS-on-SOI. The latter one composes the core of study of this thesis and is described in great detail. The final chapters are dedicated to the description of the validation programme performed to the CMOS-on-SOI technology, together with characterization methods used, measurements performed, and results analysis description. Chapter 5 focuses on the measurements performed to characterize the radiation hardness of the technology against the ionizing radiation expected in the HL-LHC ATLAS detector. The crucial charge collection properties to fulfil the ATLAS detector requirements were measured and are described in Chapter 6. These measurements include leakage current, signal-to-noise ratio, collected charge, and depletion depth on unirradiated and irradiated samples. Additionally, different techniques as radioactive sources, pion beams, and laser beams were used in order to calculate the depletion depth. Chapter 7 describes the characterization of the monolithic CMOS-on-SOI in a pion beam test. The measured charge collection, charge sharing, spatial resolution, and tracking efficiency are discussed. Within the summary, an outlook towards the future of depleted monolithic active pixel sensors on silicon-on-insulator technology for high energy physics is presented.
9

Schmittdiel, Michael C. "Active control of a diffraction grating interferometer for microscale devices." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102004-164021/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.
Dr. William P. King, Committee Member ; Dr. F. Levent Degertekin, Committee Member ; Dr. Thomas R. Kurfess, Committee Chair.
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Lyson, Kyle Joshua. "On-chip automatic tuning of CMOS active inductors for use in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) applications." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/lyson/LysonK1206.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Active detectors":

1

Smith, Penelope Probert. Active sensors for local planning in mobile robotics. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 2001.

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A, Ealey Mark, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Active and adaptive optical components: 24-26 July 1991, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 1992.

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A, Ealey Mark, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Active and adaptive optical systems: 22-24 July 1991, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 1991.

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Gilbreath, G. Charmaine, and Chadwick T. Hawley. Active and passive signatures: 8-9 April 2010, Orlando, Florida, United States. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Gilbreath, G. Charmaine, and Chadwick T. Hawley. Active and passive signatures III: 25-26 April 2012, Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 2012.

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Gilbreath, G. Charmaine, and Chadwick T. Hawley. Active and passive signatures II: 27-28 April 2011, Orlando, Florida, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2011.

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Deptuch, Grzegorz. Monolityczne detektory pikselowe w zastosowaniu do obrazowania niskoenergetycznych elektronów i miękkiego promieniowania X: Monolithic active pixel sensors in application for imaging of low-energy electrons and soft X-ray photos. Kraków: Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013.

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Office, General Accounting. Department of Defense: Military assistance provided at Branch Davidian incident : report to the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of the Treasury. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Department of Defense: Status of achieving outcomes and addressing major management challenges : report to the ranking minority member, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Department of Defense: DOD's training program for polygraph examiners : briefing report for the chairman and ranking minority member, Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Active detectors":

1

Pozzi, Sara A., Anna S. Erickson, and Igor Jovanovic. "Detectors in Active Interrogation." In Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security, 157–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74467-4_6.

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NEUTENS, PIETER, and PAUL VAN DORPE. "Integrated Plasmonic Detectors." In Active Plasmonics and Tuneable Plasmonic Metamaterials, 219–41. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118634394.ch7.

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Woodhouse, Guy F. W., Nicholas R. Waltham, Marcus J. French, Mark L. Prydderch, Quentin R. Morrissey, Renato Turchetta, Andy J. Marshall, and James M. King. "CMOS Active Pixel Sensor Developments at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory." In Scientific Detectors for Astronomy, 183–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2527-0_21.

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Deng, Yulin, Wakako Maruyama, Masao Kawai, Philippe Dostert, and Makoto Naoi. "Enantioseparation of Biologically Active Compounds by HPLC." In Coulometric Electrode Array Detectors for HPLC, 301–38. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070303-14.

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Chen, Yuncong, Lauren McElvain, Alex Tolpygo, Daniel Ferrante, Harvey Karten, Partha Mitra, David Kleinfeld, and Yoav Freund. "The Active Atlas: Combining 3D Anatomical Models with Texture Detectors." In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention − MICCAI 2017, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66182-7_1.

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Rahman, Rezwanur, S. M. Raiyan Kabir, and Anita Quadir. "Intelligent Detection of Foveal Zone from Colored Fundus Images of Human Retina Through a Robust Combination of Fuzzy-Logic and Active Contour Model." In Image Feature Detectors and Descriptors, 305–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28854-3_12.

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Saha, Sumit, and Jitendra Kumar. "Predictive Analysis of Step-Quantum Well Active Region for Quantum Cascade Detectors." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 139–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3767-4_13.

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Alwassel, Humam, Fabian Caba Heilbron, Victor Escorcia, and Bernard Ghanem. "Diagnosing Error in Temporal Action Detectors." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018, 264–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01219-9_16.

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Hsu, Fu-Hau, Chia-Hao Lee, and Chuan-Sheng Wang. "An Active User-Side Detector for Evil Twins." In 2021 International Conference on Security and Information Technologies with AI, Internet Computing and Big-data Applications, 153–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05491-4_16.

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Ohnuma, T., T. Kuroko, H. Tomi, M. Shimegi, Y. Tanaka, and K. Yoshida. "Electromagnetic Wave Detections by High-Tc Superconducting Active Antennas." In Advances in Superconductivity III, 1167–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68141-0_263.

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Conference papers on the topic "Active detectors":

1

Krishna, Sanjay. "Metamaterial infrared detectors (Conference Presentation)." In Active Photonic Platforms IX, edited by Ganapathi S. Subramania and Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2275049.

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Krishna, Sanjay. "Multi-spectral black meta-infrared detectors (Conference Presentation)." In Active Photonic Materials VIII, edited by Ganapathi S. Subramania and Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2235101.

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Deveaux, Michael. "Monolithic active pixel sensors." In 24th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.254.0045.

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Arose, Christopher, Anthony C. Terracciano, Robert E. Peale, and Subith S. Vasu. "Wavelength-selective pyroelectric THz detectors." In Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XXV, edited by Duncan A. Robertson and David A. Wikner. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2618673.

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Lutz, Pierre. "Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors." In The 16th International Workshop on Vertex detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.057.0015.

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Moser, Hans-Guenther. "DEPFET Active Pixel Sensors." In The 16th International Workshop on Vertex detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.057.0022.

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Jackson, S. L., R. J. Allen, J. P. Apruzese, R. J. Commisso, D. D. Hinshelwood, D. Mosher, D. P. Murphy, et al. "Detectors for intense, pulsed active detection." In 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2010 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2010.5873815.

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Mefodiev, Aleksandr, Maria Antonova, Alain Blondel, Frank Raphael Cadoux, Yannick Favre, Sergey Fedotov, Marat Khabibullin, et al. "The design, construction and testing of TASD (Totally Active Scintillator Detector)." In International Conference on New Photo-detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.252.0067.

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Vos, Marcel. "DEPFET active pixel detector for a future linear e+ e- collider." In 22nd International Workshop on Vertex Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.198.0023.

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Miwa, Koji. "Active Target System with MPPC Readout for Hyperon-Proton Scattering Experiment." In International Workshop on New Photon Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.090.0027.

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Reports on the topic "Active detectors":

1

Hausladen, Paul, Jason Newby, and Robert Dennis McElroy. Active Well Counting Using New PSD Plastic Detectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1240561.

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William L. Dunn and Douglas McGregor. High-Efficiency Thin-Film-Coated Semiconductor Neutron Detectors for Active Dosimetry Monitors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/970981.

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Michaels, Trevor. Red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor) surveys at Salt River Bay National Park, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands: 2023 report of activities. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303799.

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St. Croix is home to a variety of threatened and endangered (T&E) species that are at risk for predation by the invasive red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor), such as the St. Croix ground lizard (Amevia polyps), the ground-nesting least tern (Sterna antillarum), and the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Genetic analysis determined the original red-tailed boa population on St. Croix sourced from a single female released by a pet owner and its range expands every year. Presently, the main population of red-tailed boa is established on the west end of St. Croix and extends as far east as Salt River. One individual was found in Salt River Marina and additional sightings have occurred in Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) more recently. This inventory aims to search for red-tailed boas in two focal areas that park staff are actively restoring. The park will use information from this inventory to develop a boa removal program and protect sensitive native species like the ground-nesting least tern, the St. Croix ground lizard and the hawksbill sea turtle nests and increase the success of restoration. Snakes are cryptic species, often occurring in low density, and utilize complex habitat patterns. To increase the likelihood of detecting red-tailed boa, the Maryland/Delaware/D.C. Wildlife Services detector dog handling team partnered with the USDA-APHIS National Detector Dog Training Center to train and develop detector dogs to assist in determining the presence/absence of red-tailed boa for this project. Canines were trained to locate red-tailed boa and indicate its presence to the handler via barking three times near the identified target. Two dog detector teams traveled to Salt River Bay National Park (SARI) in St. Croix to conduct surveys for red-tailed boa in habitats likely to contain red-tailed boa in June 2023. Habitat varied throughout the surveys. Close to the bay, mangrove forests dominated and, as elevation increased, transects took place in almost exclusively dry tropical shrub forest. Each transect was surveyed by one dog team. The canine teams had no red-tailed boa detections within SARI. Canines showed proficiency at surveying for red-tailed boa populations in SARI. Given the proximity of confirmed detections to SARI, it is likely red-tailed boa will be in the park in the future, if they are not already. Additional surveys, whether by humans, canines, or both, are recommended in areas of the park that have not been previously surveyed.
4

Thompson and Anderson. GRl-90-0337 Identification of Injected Storage Gas. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011193.

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This project developed and evaluated methods for distinguishing between natural gases from different sources. Identification of particular "batches" of gas can be of considerable importance. For example, means of distinguishing between gases can demonstrate whether a gas appearing at the surface over a storage area is migrating storage gas or is gas formed by bacterial action above the storage zone. As another example, identification methods can allow detection of migration from a storage zone to an adjacent production zone. Two general methods were evaluated/developed in this project; tracers and compositional methods. Relative migration rates of a series of potential tracers were evaluated under a variety of conditions and in varying reservoir materials. Tracers having the best migration characteristics were identified. Potential tracers (either present in natural gas or added) which are not detected by electron capture or flame ionization detectors need improved methods of detection. The discharge ionization detector was evaluated for the detection of argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Freon-14 (carbon tetrafluoride), and neon. Two computer programs, based on regression and factor analysis methods, to aid in the identification of gases using compositional analyses, were further developed and improved.
5

Barbero, M., T. Browder, F. Fang, S. Olsen, K. Trabelsi, G. Varner, M. Hazumi, et al. The Super B-Factory Monolithic Active Pixel Detector Prototype Group. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1967995.

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6

Kerr, Phillip, and Vladimir Mozin. Stilbene Scintillator Detector Array and Data-Acquisition System for Active Interrogation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1469447.

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Watts, Jeremy Blake, William L. Myers, and Matthew Louis Baruzzini. Active Interrogation Measurements with the New and Improved Brunson – Coop Neutron Detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1375154.

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Martin, Shawn Bryan, Mark Steven Derzon, Ronald F. Renzi, and Gordon Andrew Chandler. Innovative high pressure gas MEM's based neutron detector for ICF and active SNM detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934580.

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Parker, Sherwood I. Advanced Detector Research - Fabrication and Testing of 3D Active-Edge Silicon Sensors: High Speed, High Yield. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1062729.

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Ruiz Grajales, Esteban, Laura Daniela Calderón Villamizar, and Gloria María Vásquez Duque. Enfermedades asociadas a la activación anormal de los inflamosomas: diagnóstico diferencial de las urticarias. Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59473/medudea.pc.2023.38.

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Los inflamosomas son un conjunto de complejos multiproteicos presentes en el citoplasma de células del sistema inmune innato con la capacidad de detectar microorganismos u otros agentes estresores y activar a la caspasa 1 para la síntesis de citoquinas altamente proinflamatorias: interleuquina 1β (IL-1β) e IL-18 y la muerte celular por piroptosis.

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