Relevant bibliographies by topics / Active clay

Academic literature on the topic 'Active clay'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Active clay"

1

Gea Pagano, Arianna, Vanessa Magnanimo, and Alessandro Tarantino. "A DEM investigation of the shearing behaviour of non-active clays." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199214003.

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This paper presents the numerical DEM simulation of shear tests on two-dimensional clay-like specimens. Clay particles are modelled as rod-shaped elements made of spherical elementary units. The contact laws implemented in the adopted DEM framework account for both the mechanical interaction developing between particles in contact, and the long-range electro-chemical interaction in the form of Coulombian attraction/repulsion between charged particles. Virtual specimens for shear testing are obtained via the one-dimensional compression and unloading of clay-like particle assemblies, in order to study the effect of different over consolidation ratios on the macroscopic mechanical behaviour. The DEM framework is challenged against its ability to reproduce qualitatively key aspects of the macroscopic behaviour of normally consolidated and over consolidated clays during shearing, including contractive and dilative behaviour, and monotonic and non-monotonic stress-strain behaviour.
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Yessengeldi, A. M., A. A. Yessengulova, G. Zh Kayralapova, R. S. Iminova, and M. M. Beysebekov. "Obtaining of surface-active substance sorbents based on acrylate-clay polymers." International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 10, no. 2 (2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7979-2017-10-2-4-9.

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Bastianini, Maria, Caterina Faffa, Michele Sisani, and Annarita Petracci. "Caffeic Acid-layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid: A New Raw Material for Cosmetic Applications." Cosmetics 5, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5030051.

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Bioactive ingredients from natural sources possess well-known positive effects in cosmetic applications. Among them, phenolic acids have emerged with very interesting potential. Caffeic acid (CAF) is one of the most promising active compounds because it possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral and anti-wrinkle effects. In order to increase its local bioavailability in topical applications, the vehiculation of caffeic acid can lead to a new raw material of cosmetic interest. For this purpose, clay minerals possess excellent properties, such as low or null toxicity and good biocompatibility. Clays are able to host a wide range of active ingredients in the interlayer region, using a green process known as intercalation reaction. The hosting of cosmetic actives into the layered structure of anionic clays allows the preparation of new materials with enhanced stability towards oxidation and photodegradation, better local bioavailability, and easier workability. In this paper, the successful vehiculation of caffeic acid into anionic clay is presented. The obtained hybrid is very promising for the cosmetic market because of its higher bioavailability and prolonged antioxidant activity.
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Švinka, Ruta, Visvaldis Švinka, Oskars Lescinskis, and Lauma Lindina. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Wood by Presence of Clay Minerals." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.311.

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Devonian, and Quaternary clays of Latvia together with additive of sawdust after plastic moulding of pellets were used. Partial oxidation of sawdust and formation of active carbon after thermal shock at temperature 800°C were determined. The main clay mineral in all of clays was hydromica with some difference in the structure. Obtained materials with bulk density 1.1 g/cm3 as sorbent for different chemicals such as iodine and methylene blue was used. Dependence of sorption ability of pellets on the type of used clay (clay minerals) was determined. XRD for the determination of phase compositions, nitrogen absorption for the pore size distribution, SEM for the analysis of structure and nanoscale Zetasizer for the determination of surface charge were used.
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De la Morena, Gema, Vicente Navarro, Laura Asensio, and Domenico Gallipoli. "A water retention model accounting for void ratio changes in double porosity clays." Acta Geotechnica 16, no. 9 (March 6, 2021): 2775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01126-0.

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AbstractThis paper presents a constitutive model that predicts the water retention behaviour of compacted clays with evolving bimodal pore size distributions. In line with previous research, the model differentiates between the water present inside the saturated pores of the clay aggregates (the microstructure) and the water present inside the pores between clay aggregates (the macrostructure). A new formulation is then introduced to account for the effect of the macrostructural porosity changes on the retention behaviour of the soil, which results in a consistent evolution of the air-entry value of suction with volumetric deformations. Data from wetting tests on three different active clays (i.e. MX-80 bentonite, FEBEX bentonite, and Boom clay), subjected to distinct mechanical restraints, were used to formulate, calibrate, and validate the proposed model. Results from free swelling tests were also modelled by using both the proposed double porosity model and a published single porosity model, which confirmed the improvement in the predictions of degree of saturation by the present approach. The proposed retention model might be applied, for example, to the simulation of the hydromechanical behaviour of engineered bentonite barriers in underground nuclear waste repositories, where compacted active clays are subjected to changes of both suction and porosity structure under restrained volume conditions.
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Al-Ani, Faris, and Ghayda Al-Kindi. "Suitability of the Iraqi natural clay for the preparation of Al-Fe pillared-clays." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816205017.

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Some organic pollutant in aqueous wastewater inhabitant biological treatment, catalyst wet air oxidation is a method to treat this waste. Al-Fe pillared Iraqi clays with different Fe content were prepared. Aluminum was mixed with iron in different molar ratio Fe/Al (1:9- 2:8- 3:7- 4-6- 5:5) for each regions. These clays collected from different location in Iraq (Anbar, Erbil, Mosel, Baghdad, and Basra), the results of some properties studied for natural and pillared clay, from X-Ray- Fluorescence (XRF) show that iron cation replaces some Ca in the clay, and from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) show the Calcite types of Iraqi clays. constructs clusters of active ingredient which dramatically clear on the catalytic surface for all catalyst types show through photos of catalysts by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the best molar ratio of Fe/Al in which give strong interaction between Fe and Al in the pillared were (0.5-0.4-0.3-0.3 and 0.2) for (Mosul-Basra -Anbar-Baghdad and Erbil) respectively. This ratio gives high surface area, and pore size in mesopore. It is concluded that clay and silty clay (Mosul clay) consider the best catalyst due to higher activity and stability through experiment of CWAO in batch reactor, with operation condition 150°C, 2.5 Mpa, Ccat equal to 7 mg/l.
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Balykbayeva, G. T., K. H. Darmagambet, A. S. Tapalova, G. M. Abizbekova, and Sh O. Espenbetova. "FLOCCULATION OF SUSPENSIONS BENTONIT CLAY SURFACE –ACTIVE POLYMERS." Bulletin of Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 56, no. 1 (2021): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2021.v56.i1.015.

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Мақалада табиғи сорбенттерді практикада пайдалану олардың жоғары сорбциялық сыйымдылығына, әр түрлі агрегаттық күйдегі заттарды сіңіруіне, таңдамалы сорбциясына, жеткілікті механикалық беріктігіне байланысты екенін ескере отырып, олардың суспензиясын тазалау қарастырылады. Табиғи сорбенттерді пайдаланудың тиімділігіне сорбенттердің арзандығы мен жергілікті материал ретінде оңай табылуы маңызды факторлардың бірі болып саналады. Шығыс Қазақстан облысы Таған кен орнының монтмориллонитті бентониттері, құрамының мономинералдылығымен ерекшеленеді, алмасу кешенінде натрий катиондарының мөлшері кальций мен магний катиондарының құрамынан жоғары, бірақ олардың қосындысынан төмен. Су және топырақты тазалауда Таған бентонитін қолдану арқылы жоғары нәтижелер алуға болады. Суда бентониттер ісінеді немесе ұсақ бөлшектерге бөлінеді. Сондықтан, бентонитті саз супензиясына беттік белсенді полимерлердің әсері зерттелінді. Суспензияларды тазартуда коагулянттармен бірге флокулянттар қолдану арқылы жоғары нәтижеге қол жеткізіледі. Ең тиімді флокуляциялық агенттер-жоғары молекулалық салмағы бар полиэлектролиттер. Флокулянттарды қолдану коагулянттардың дозасын азайтуға, коагуляция процесінің ұзақтығын азайтуға және пайда болған ұлпалардың тұндыру жылдамдығын арттыруға мүмкіндік береді. Екі жағдайда да дисперсті жүйенің тұндыру сипаттамаларын жақсартып қана қоймай, қымбат реагенттерді тұтынуды азайтуға болады. Сонымен, алынған мәліметтерді талдау нәтижесіне дисперсті жүйелерді беттік белсенді полимерлермен флокуляциялау кезінде көпір түзілу механизмінің маңызды рөлін көрсетеді.
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HAYASHI, Masao. "Occurrence of clay minerals in active geothermal fields." Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan 17 (1986): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/gkk1952.17.special_9.

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Pillon, Lilianna Z. "SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CLAY TREATED JET FUELS." Petroleum Science and Technology 19, no. 9-10 (November 30, 2001): 1109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-100108297.

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Gravenor, C. P., and D. A. Coyle. "Origin and magnetic fabric of glacial varves, Nottawasaga River, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-025.

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An examination of the glacial varved clays that crop out in the banks of the Nottawasaga River, Ontario, shows that both the silt and clay layers are composed of sublaminae.An analysis of the magnetic fabric and remanent magnetization of the varves shows that the current directions are the same for the clay and silt layers and that the magnetic fabric in the clay layer was not influenced by the Earth's magnetic field. This indicates that bottom currents were active during the winter period and were of sufficient strength to align the particles of magnetite parallel to the current directions. This conclusion is not unique to the Nottawasaga varves but serves to illustrate that the conceptual model of glacial varve deposition requires modification.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active clay"

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Messner, Clint Andrew. "Investigating the Performance of Active materials Amended to Clay Minerals for Sequestering Sediment Contaminants." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301937693.

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Vaičienė, Marija. "Influence of the active additives on the structure and properties of expanded-clay lightweight concrete." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120119_143017-08407.

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Two active mineral additives were selected in the investigation described in the dissertation: unground catalyst from the reactor of catalytic oil cracking (CAT) and unburned mullite wool (MW). The possibilities to utilise these raw materials in the production of the expanded-clay lightweight concrete are not analysed yet. Main topic of the research: influence of the active mineral additives (CAT and MW) on the main characteristics of the expanded-clay lightweight concrete.
Disertacijoje aprašytuose tyrimuose buvo pasirinkti du aktyvūs mineraliniai priedai: nemaltas katalizatorius iš katalitinio naftos krekingo reaktoriaus (KAT) ir nedegta mulitinė vata (MV). Galimybės šias atliekas naudoti keramzitbetonio gamyboje iki šiol netirtos. Pagrindinė tyrimo tematika – aktyviųjų mineralinių priedų (KAT ir MV) įtaka pagrindinėms keramzitbetonio charakteristikoms.
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Mills, Kevin. "The response of reactive clay soils to wetting agents in the presence of active vegetation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Akwi, Faith Mary. "Creation of clay flameless burner for vaporizing an insect repellent containing pmd as an active ingredient." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008406.

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Insecticide treated mosquito bed nets, insecticide aerosol sprays, repellent lotions and creams, repellent candles, vaporizable repellent essential oils, mosquito mats and coils are some of the many malaria personal protection tools that are in use. The latter of these measures are the most accessible and affordable options for the rural population in sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore important to determine how effective these personal protection measures are by determining their ability to efficiently disperse an active ingredient when the protection measure is in use. In this study, a copper II oxide montmorillonite clay burner (CuOMontmorillonite clay burner) was created to vaporize repellent formulations containing various concentrations of p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) as the active ingredient with the aim of determining the percentage of the active ingredient that is released into the air and the rate of release. The performance of the CuO-Montmorillonite clay burner was also compared to that of the Lampe Berger fragrance burner (LBFB). In addition to this, the percentage of PMD released from 6 percentage wt PMD candles of diameters 40mm, 69mm and 83mm was determined and compared to that released when the CuO-Montmorillonite clay burner and Lampe Berger Fragrance burner where used to vaporize PMD repellent formulations. It was found that the rate of vaporization of the various PMD repellent formulations vaporized using the Lampe Berger fragrance burner is affected by the mass of PMD present in the repellent formulations. The 6 percentage wt PMD repellent candles released the least percentage of PMD as compared to that released when the CuO-Montmorillonite clay burner and the Lampe Berger fragrance burner were used to vaporize the PMD repellent formulations.
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Samakande, Austin. "Synthesis and characterization of surfmers for the synthesis of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1188.

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Raji, Munira. "Unconventional offshore petroleum-extracting oil from active source rocks of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the North Sea." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12476/.

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The organic-rich Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation is the major source rock for conventional oil and gas in the North Sea with a maximum thickness of 1,100 m. TOC values range from 2 wt.%-10 wt.% and predominantly Type II (bacterially-degraded algal, and a mix of Type I (mainly algal) kerogens. The δ13Corg values for the investigated samples range from -29.73 ‰ to -26. 88 ‰, these values are characteristic of marine organic matter with terrestrial input. Sixteen billion barrels of commercial reserves have been discovered in conventional reservoirs in the UK Viking Graben area with 29 billion barrels discovered in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. However, this principal UK conventional hydrocarbon province is reaching the maturity phase of field exploration, leading to a growing interest for unconventional hydrocarbons in the UK and some part of Europe. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of the Kimmeridge shale to identity sweet-spot areas using multidisciplinary analogues from successful unconventional resource plays in North American. Conventional and unconventional source rock analyses show that the Kimmeridge Clay Formation contains a significant amount of un-expelled residual oil both within the source rock and in the interbedded sandstone in the South Viking Graben area. As a consequence, this source rock and juxtaposed non-source lithofacies (sand interbeds) can form a hybrid shale resource system. Due to its high organic richness and favourable sweet-spot reservoir properties such as lithology, thickness, kerogen type, level of thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generative potential, the Kimmeridge Clay Formation could be the first offshore unconventional resource in the future. TOC, Rock-Eval S1, Tmax, mineralogical content and the formation of organic, interparticle and intraparticle porosities at peak oil maturity are all factors that have influenced the retention and drainage of the observed oil. The examination/analysis of their interrelationships provides a useful framework and signature for future prediction of sweet spot areas for viable unconventional resources.
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Silva, Juliana Pereira. "Estudo de adsorção de ácidos naftênicos a partir de correntes de hidrocarbonetos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3070.

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Ácidos naftênicos correspondem à complexa mistura de ácidos carboxílicos presentes no petróleo, responsáveis diretamente pela sua acidez e pela sua corrosividade em fase líquida durante o refino. Tais compostos também estão presentes nas frações destiladas do petróleo, causando diversos problemas na qualidade final do produto. Uma possível forma de remover esses ácidos das frações destiladas é através da adsorção em materiais porosos. Contudo, os resultados até então apresentados indicam que resinas trocadoras de íons seriam os melhores adsorventes destes compostos, o que poderia aumentar o custo do processo e diminuir sua viabilidade. Neste trabalho, dois adsorventes comerciais (argila e alumina ativada) foram caracterizados por diversas técnicas físico-químicas e avaliados quanto à sua capacidade de remover os ácidos naftênicos de frações médias e pesadas de petróleo. Avaliou-se, ainda, para fins de comparação, o comportamento de ácidos naftênicos comerciais em óleos sintéticos preparados com óleo mineral. Em complementação, a corrosividade do aço carbono nos meios estudados foi também verificada. A argila apresentou maior afinidade com os ácidos naftênicos, tendo capacidade de adsorção superior e cinética de processo ligeiramente mais rápida às da alumina para as cargas sintéticas. No entanto, em virtude da maior concorrência pelos sítios de adsorção, apresentada pelos outros componentes presentes em óleos reais, observou-se uma perda na eficiência para estas amostras. Neste caso, a alumina apresentou melhores resultados. Embora ambos adsorventes tenham apresentado boa capacidade de remoção do soluto, a resina trocadora de íons ainda apresentou resultado mais eficaz para as amostras reais. Nas condições desse estudo, a taxa de corrosão do aço nas amostras sintéticas e em duas das reais não foi significativa e apenas uma delas apresentou-se corrosiva (Óleo 1). No entanto, a remoção dos ácidos naftênicos por adsorção conseguiu reduzir a taxa de corrosão neste meio em até 99%
Naphthenic acids comprise a complex mixture of carboxylic acids that are present in petroleum. They are directly responsible for the oil acidity and its corrosiveness in liquid phase during the refining process. Such compounds are also presents in the derivatives, causing several problems to product quality. A possible way of removing these acids from those oil fractions is using the adsorption process in porous solids. Nevertheless, results presented so far show that ion exchange resins would be the best adsorbent for these acids, which could make this process very expensive. In this work, two commercial adsorbents (clay and activated alumina) were characterized by several physical-chemistry techniques and evaluated concerning their capacity of removing naphthenic acids from average and heavy fractions of crude oil. For comparison the behavior of commercial naphthenic acids in synthetic commercial samples prepared with mineral oil was also evaluated. In addition, the carbon steel corrosiveness in the studied systems was verified. Clay adsorbent presented better affinity with the acids, showing a greater capacity and a faster kinetics than alumina for synthetic oils. However, because of the higher competition with the other components present in real oils for the adsorption sites, a loss of efficiency for these samples was observed. In that case, alumina showed better results. Although both adsorbents have showed good capacity of removal of acids, the ion exchange resin still presented the best results for real samples. At the conditions of this study, the steel corrosiveness in the synthetic oils, as well as the data obtained for two of the real ones, was not significant, and only one of the real samples (Oil 1) corroded the carbon steel coupon. However, the naphthenic acid removal was able to reduce the corrosiveness in this medium up to 99%
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Vaičienė, Marija. "Aktyviųjų priedų poveikis keramzitbetonio struktūrai ir savybėms." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120119_143028-97955.

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Disertacijoje aprašytuose tyrimuose buvo pasirinkti du aktyvūs mineraliniai priedai: nemaltas katalizatorius iš katalitinio naftos krekingo reaktoriaus (KAT) ir nedegta mulitinė vata (MV). Galimybės šias atliekas naudoti keramzitbetonio gamyboje iki šiol netirtos. Pagrindinė tyrimo tematika – aktyviųjų mineralinių priedų (KAT ir MV) įtaka pagrindinėms keramzitbetonio charakteristikoms.
Two active mineral additives were selected in the investigation described in the dissertation: unground catalyst from the reactor of catalytic oil cracking (CAT) and unburned mullite wool (MW). The possibilities to utilise these raw materials in the production of the expanded-clay lightweight concrete are not analysed yet. Main topic of the research: influence of the active mineral additives (CAT and MW) on the main characteristics of the expanded-clay lightweight concrete.
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Virgl, Vítězslav. "Vlastnosti formovacích směsí ze směsných bentonitů po opakovaném použití." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382285.

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High class mold is required for high quality castings. At present, the demands on molding materials are being extended by adding the strict requirement of environmentalists. A suitable variant that meets both demands are green sand molds. The goal of the thesis is to repeatedly cast experimental castings into molds made of 4 types of green sand mixtures. The technological properties of the molds will be compared, the degree of bentonite degradation will be assessed and the surface quality of castings will be assessed according to the amount of adherent molding mixture.
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O'Grady, Susan. "Symbolic work with clay as a technique with a difficult to reach patient: a Jungian perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5934_1223642323.

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This thesis explored the potential of clay work and its symbolic representations as a means to facilitate the integration and individuation of the self in psychotherapy, using a Jungian theoretical framework. A case study methodology was used, to explore a long standing pattern of environmental failure and trauma in a 16 year old female. The Edward's clay work method was utilized to guide the use of the clay work and the discussion and exploration thereof. Central to the study was the importance of a search for meaning given to each clay piece, which was achieved through a dialectical interaction and mutual exploration between therapist and client.

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Books on the topic "Active clay"

1

Kozicki, Paul. Engineered foundation package designed to perform in areas with potentially active clay soils. Regina, Sask: GE Ground Engineering Ltd., 1992.

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Truett, John A. Clay Allison: Legend of Cimarron. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press, 1998.

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The bible of clay. London: John Murray, 2008.

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Navarro, Julia. The Bible of Clay. New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2008.

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Navarro, Julia. The bible of clay. London: John Murray, 2009.

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Navarro, Julia. The bible of clay. New York, NY: Bantam Dell, 2007.

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Orde, Lewis. The tiger's claw. London: Futura Pubns., 1992.

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Peter, O'Donnell. Modesty Blaise: Dragon's Claw: More Ta. Mysterious Press, 1987.

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Churchman, GJ, RW Fitzpatrick, and RA Eggleton, eds. Clays: Controlling the Environment. CSIRO Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104969.

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Proceedings of the 10th International Clays Conference, Adelaide, Australia, July 18 to 23, 1993. Clays have provided us with the most active ingredients in soils, with building materials, with pottery and ceramics for both utility and decoration, and with coatings and fillers for paper, among other uses. The unique properties of these apparently everyday materials are being studied and used in an increasing range of industrial and environmental applications. Clays: Controlling the Environment provides a valuable compendium of the latest results from the complete range of clay-related scientific research. It includes coverage of the economic and environmental issues as well as directions for further research and development in many vital and expanding industries. All papers in these proceedings were subject to peer review. The topics discussed are: Clays in industry and the environment Surface and interlayer reactions Clay mineral structures and chemistry Methods of investigation Clays in geology Soil mineralogy The emphasis of this book reflects the vital role that clays play in controlling natural, polluted and technological environments.
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Riley, J. Dangerous Clay. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Active clay"

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Fourie, A. B. "Lateral swelling pressure developed in an active clay." In Geotechnics in the African Environment, 267–74. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203753330-40.

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Comegna, Luca, Paolo Tommasi, Luciano Picarelli, Edoardo Bucchignani, and Paola Mercogliano. "The Impact of Climatic Changes on the Behaviour of Active Landslides in Clay." In Landslide Science and Practice, 59–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31337-0_7.

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Yamagishi, Akihiko. "Chirality Recognition by a Clay Surface Modified with an Optically Active Metal Chelate." In Dynamic Processes on Solid Surfaces, 307–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1636-5_12.

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Xu, X. C., and Yu Yong Jiao. "On the Active Failure Surface in the Backfilled Clay behind Rigid Retaining Wall in Slope Engineering." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 1497–502. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1497.

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Shackelford, Charles D. "Coupled Membrane and Diffusion Testing of Active Clays for Barrier Applications." In Advances in Laboratory Testing and Modelling of Soils and Shales (ATMSS), 104–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52773-4_11.

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Manassero, Mario. "On the Fabric and State Parameters of Active Clays for Contaminant Control." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 206–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2221-1_13.

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Manassero, Mario, Andrea Dominijanni, and Nicolò Guarena. "Modelling Hydro-Chemo-Mechanical Behaviour of Active Clays Through the Fabric Boundary Surface." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 1618–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97115-5_157.

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Camino, G., G. Tartaglione, A. Frache, C. Manferti, P. Finocchiaro, and L. Falqui. "Combined Fire Retardant Action of Phosphonated Structures and Clay Dispersion in Epoxy Resin." In ACS Symposium Series, 21–35. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2006-0922.ch003.

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Kordian, Kumor Maciej, and Kumor Lukasz. "The Destruction of Stabilized Expansive Clays Due to Frost Action." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 49–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0450-1_6.

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Xiang, Wei, De-Shan Cui, and Fei Ai. "Experimental Study On The Mechanism Of Action Of Ionic Soil Stabilizer On Red Clay Of Wuhan." In Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, 781–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_97.

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Conference papers on the topic "Active clay"

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Reed, Michael. "Prototyping digital clay as an active material." In the 3rd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1517664.1517733.

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Kouroutzi, Maria, Antonios Stratidakis, Marianthi Kermenidou, Spyros Karakitsios, and Dimosthenis Sarigiannis. "Application of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Clay Roofing Tiles as a Photocatalytic Active Material." In RawMat 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005090.

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Okuda, Tetsuji, Tetsuji Okuda, Satoshi Sekitou, Satoshi Sekitou, Akira Umehara, Akira Umehara, Satoshi Asaoka, et al. "FATE OF SILTS AND CLAY FROM RIVER AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSPARENCY." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9408d54ab6.64595606.

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Phytoplankton plays a key role as primary producer, forming the base of marine food webs. Knowledge in relation to permeability of light in water is important for the understanding of phytoplankton growth in the euphotic zone. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments in relation to light attenuation using inorganic particle (silica particle) and field investigations in Osaka Bay. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of the silica particle and integral values of the absorbance at photosynthetic active radiation (PAR: wavelength 400-700 nm) in the laboratory experiments. The highest integral value of the absorbance at PAR was observed for the particle size of 1.0 μm. In Osaka Bay, high contribution of the inorganic particle to light attenuation was observed compared to the organic particles. Multiple linear regression analysis using the particle size and the amount of total suspended solids (TSS: consisting of three component fractions; organic/inorganic tripton and phytoplanktons) showed that the particle size was an essential factor controlling the light attenuation in the coastal sea.
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Okuda, Tetsuji, Tetsuji Okuda, Satoshi Sekitou, Satoshi Sekitou, Akira Umehara, Akira Umehara, Satoshi Asaoka, et al. "FATE OF SILTS AND CLAY FROM RIVER AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSPARENCY." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431603053e.

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Phytoplankton plays a key role as primary producer, forming the base of marine food webs. Knowledge in relation to permeability of light in water is important for the understanding of phytoplankton growth in the euphotic zone. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments in relation to light attenuation using inorganic particle (silica particle) and field investigations in Osaka Bay. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of the silica particle and integral values of the absorbance at photosynthetic active radiation (PAR: wavelength 400-700 nm) in the laboratory experiments. The highest integral value of the absorbance at PAR was observed for the particle size of 1.0 μm. In Osaka Bay, high contribution of the inorganic particle to light attenuation was observed compared to the organic particles. Multiple linear regression analysis using the particle size and the amount of total suspended solids (TSS: consisting of three component fractions; organic/inorganic tripton and phytoplanktons) showed that the particle size was an essential factor controlling the light attenuation in the coastal sea.
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Salgado Cofré, Daniela, and Álvaro Mercado Jara. "Going to the Clay: Exploring Conflicts and Values of the Soil in Valparaiso." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.60.

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This proposition presents a design and artistic research focused on the soil that aims to generate active and poetic forms of reflection around the fragile interdependence of human and non-human lives in an increasingly precarious urban environment, emphasised by the current ecological crisis. In order to engage in such reflections, this practice-oriented research —led by designers, architects, artists and educators— collects relational modes of material interdependence in the region of Valparaíso, Chile, by exploring veins and clay pits for pottery making that are relevant and known by artisans and artists of this area. These spaces are threatened by the increasingly precarious environmental conditions that are exacerbated by the monoculture of the land, the reconstitution of the soil by massive urbanisation projects, and the inaccessibility to clay pits due to the replacement of the commons by the privatisation and exploitation of the land. These urban conflicts generate deterritorialisation that contrasts with the significant relevance and values that these spaces hold for artists, artisans, and other groups, that promote their protection and the respectful interaction with the soil. Against this background, this practice-oriented research explores and expects to make visible the transformation of these lands by following the uses of the soil, identifying conflicts and values that emerge around these extraction sites through immersive sensitive experiences. These immersions into different clay pits consist of walking around, observing the ground, sensing the space, collecting clay from the soil together, sensing and manipulating the material to explore its properties. Thus, by examining the materials, voices and artistic expressions —in the form of poems, sound compositions, images, drawings, photos, cartographies and clay objects— co-produced during four immersions into diverse veins of the Valparaíso Region, we expect to bring back to the fore alternative modes of reflexivity around these sites. This sum of collective experiences for exploration and creation in the veins and clay pits of Valparaíso serves to trace other relational ways of inhabiting, valuing and working with the soil. Therefore, we envisage this practice-oriented research project as a poetic alternative to critically question the modern technocratic logics of urbanisation that operate in the region through the commodification and overexploitation of the land.
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Kanai, Satoshi, and Hidetomo Takahashi. "Modeling and NC Programming for Free-Form Surfaces by Haptic Interfaces." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dfm-1410.

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Abstract The haptic interfaces were developed and applied to free-form surface CAD/CAM systems to improve the user interaction with geometric models. Two types of haptic interfaces were designed; a passive force feedback device and an active force feedback device. Two application systems were developed with these devices; the surface modeling system by the passive force feedback device, and the NC programming system by the active force feedback device. In the surface modeling system, the operator can generate the surface geometry by cutting the virtual clay model. In the NC programming system, the operator can directly teach the NC program by tracing the model with active force feedback device. The structure, control method, simulation software and representation of the geometric model in these systems are discussed. The performance and operating efficiency and accuracy of the systems are experimentally examined.
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Susilawati, Anwar Dharma Sembiring, Fransiskus Waruwu, and Siti Khanifah. "The Effect of the Mixture Variation and Holding Time to the Porous Ceramics based from Clay and Active Charcoal as a Filter of Water Vapour." In International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010098410621069.

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Elmoselhy, Salah A. "Design and Shape Optimization of Hybrid Micro-Composite E-Springs for Vehicle Suspension Systems." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21110.

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Hybrid Micro-composite E-springs are an optimized trend of springs first introduced to vehicle suspension systems. At first, a comparison between E-shape and other spring shapes is held theoretically. This theoretical comparison is verified numerically. The E-shape has proved to be the best shape in this comparison striking a balance between spring vertical deflection and maximum induced stress. Next, shape optimization of a hybrid micro-composite E-spring is conducted. At last, a thermoplastic-based hybrid micro-composite structure of the optimized E-spring is modified at micro-scale with additives of micrometer-sized particles of mineral clay. The proposed spring is presented in new passive and semi-active suspension mechanisms, displacing and remedying drawbacks of both the hydraulic dampers and steel springs.
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Bria, Vasile, Iulian-Gabriel Birsan, Adrian Circiumaru, Victor Ungureanu, and Igor Roman. "Tribological Characterization of Particulate Composites." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25302.

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Among composites, the polymer matrix ones are the cheapest and the easiest to form but they show major disadvantages such as poor electrical and thermal conductivity, low fire resistance etc. In the case of any composite, some of the properties may be designed, some of them may be obtained by using an appropriate forming technique and, at least, some of them may be improved by special treatments. In the case of polymer matrix composites the first two ways are recommended if we are taking into account the polymers’ properties while the last one will turn the PMC into an expensive material due to the costs of metal or oxide thin film deposition on polymeric surface. Is it possible to solve all the problems by material design and by developing a convenient forming technique? Powders are used as fillers in order to obtain bi-components composites. The most important aim is about the uniform distribution of particles in matrix. If the fillers’ particles are arranged into the polymer volume is possible to change the electro-magnetic behavior of the obtained composite making this one to act as a meta-material. The powders can be dielectric as talc, clay or ferrite can be magnetic active as ferrite, or electric active as CNT or carbon nano-fibers. All these powders have effects on the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. This study is about the influence of fillers on the tribological behavior of particulate composites. Epoxy resin was used as matrix and various powders were used to fill the polymer: ferrite, zinc, clay. The materials were thermally treated in order to reach the best polymer properties. Pin on disk fixture on a CETR-UTM had been used to determine the friction coefficient for each filler concentration. The Wear resistance of each material had been evaluated using the same apparatus but with some modifications.
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Elmoselhy, Salah A., Badr S. Azzam, and Sayed M. Metwalli. "Experimental Analysis of Laminated Fibrous Micro-Composite E-Springs for Vehicle Suspension Systems." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80780.

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Laminated fibrous micro-composite E-spring is an optimized trend of springs for vehicle suspension systems. The mechanical and frequency-response-based properties of these springs are investigated experimentally at both of the structural and constitutional levels. Thermoplastic-based and thermoset-based fibrous composite structures of the E-springs are modified at micro-scale with various additives and consequently they are compared. The experimental results reveal that additives of micrometer-sized particles of E-glass fibers as well as mineral clay to an ISO-phthalic polyester resin of the micro-composite E-spring can demonstrate superior characteristics that can surpass those of the traditional steel springs. Accordingly, micro-composite E-springs can displace both of the hydraulic dampers and steel springs in both of the passive and semi-active suspension systems in a reliable, simple, and cost-effective way.
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Reports on the topic "Active clay"

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Bhattacharjea, Suman, Sehar Saeed, Rajib Timalsina, and Syeed Ahamed. Citizen-led Assessments: A Model for Evidence-based Advocacy and Action to Improve Learning. Australian Council for Educational Research, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-636-9.

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Designed as household-based assessments, citizen-led assessments (CLAs) are implemented by local organizations who assess children in their homes, thus reaching the most marginalized children, families, and communities, often in remote areas. CLAs add an essential piece of information for truly monitoring progress and help realistically represent the learning levels of all children – at national, regional, and global levels. By using simple tools and easy-to-understand reports, CLAs engage parents and community members in discussions about learning and help foster understanding of the importance of ensuring quality education through civil action. In this publication, members from organizations conducting CLAs in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh provide an overview of the CLA model and illustrate a range of ways in which the model has been implemented in the four South Asian countries to monitor and improve learning. In all four countries, the initiative is known as the Annual Status of Education Report, or ASER – a word that means ‘impact’ in three of these four countries. By design, ASER assesses foundational reading and numeracy skills.
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Ptasinski, Joanna. Electrode Placement for Active Tuning of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Ring Resonator Structure Clad in Nematic Liquid Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611752.

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Petrie, Christian, Thomas Blue, Pattrick Calderoni, Kelly McCary, Brandon Wilson, and Tiffany Adams. Active Irradiation Testing of Temperature Sensing Capability of Clad Sapphire Optical Fibers with Type 2 Bragg Gratings using Optical Backscatter Reflectometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1700531.

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Jarrell, Josh J., and Michael J. Connolly. Aluminum Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel Long Term Dry Storage Technical Issues Action Plan - Technical and Engineering Activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1466830.

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Ahmed, Nabil, Anna Marriott, Nafkote Dabi, Megan Lowthers, Max Lawson, and Leah Mugehera. Inequality Kills: The unparalleled action needed to combat unprecedented inequality in the wake of COVID-19. Oxfam, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8465.

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The wealth of the world’s 10 richest men has doubled since the pandemic began. The incomes of 99% of humanity are worse off because of COVID-19. Widening economic, gender, and racial inequalities—as well as the inequality that exists between countries—are tearing our world apart. This is not by chance, but choice: “economic violence” is perpetrated when structural policy choices are made for the richest and most powerful people. This causes direct harm to us all, and to the poorest people, women and girls, and racialized groups most. Inequality contributes to the death of at least one person every four seconds. But we can radically redesign our economies to be centered on equality. We can claw back extreme wealth through progressive taxation; invest in powerful, proven inequality-busting public measures; and boldly shift power in the economy and society. If we are courageous, and listen to the movements demanding change, we can create an economy in which nobody lives in poverty, nor with unimaginable billionaire wealth—in which inequality no longer kills.
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Kelly, Luke. What Accountability Means in Somalia. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.113.

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This rapid literature review finds that accountability programming in Somalia is focused on working effectively with the country’s hybrid governance. A number of programmes have generated findings on the potential of non-state actors to improve accountability, with a focus on contextual analysis and adaptive programming. Accountability is defined as mechanisms to hold people in power to account according to an agreed standard. Improving accountability may be difficult in fragile and conflict-affected states such as Somalia where power is dispersed and informal. Somalia is commonly described as a hybrid political order. Regions in Somalia have more and less robust governments and non-state actors have a number of important but informal roles in governance. Moreover, the prevalence of clan-based politics and patriarchal norms limits the inclusivity of accountability mechanisms, with women and members of minority clans among those commonly excluded. This report is focused on accountability in governance. It surveys both evidence on the status and contours of accountability in Somalia, and on programmes to improve accountability. It is based on evidence from the Implementation and Analysis in Action of Accountability Programme (IAAAP) Somalia programme, as well as other relevant programmes. It describes the findings on the barriers and enablers to greater accountability in Somalia, as well as lessons on implementing programmes. It does not survey every accountability programme, or programme with accountability components, but instead focused on published evaluations and evidence syntheses. Several programmes, such as IAAAP, have sought to research, improve and learn lessons on accountability in Somalia. IAAAP ran from 2013 to 2019 and had a budget of GBP 23 million. It worked as an innovation laboratory to test models for greater accountability through adaptive programming. IAAAP worked on different themes, including civil society-state engagement, financial flows and extractive industries.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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