Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Active Buildings'
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Warwick, David James. "Integrating active thermal mass strategies in responsive buildings." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7384.
Full textBolter, J. D. "Active damping of framework vibrations." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382018.
Full textXu, Nora (Nora Lan). "Active participation of buildings in the power sector : the case of small office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103567.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-140).
Under the broad context of decarbonization of the energy sector, commercial buildings are well-suited for providing ancillary services to the electricity grid and poised to transform from passive consumers to active electricity market participants. A data-driven multi-zonal thermal response model is formulated and fit to EnergyPlus simulation data from a Department of Energy Small Office Reference Commercial Building for the months of June, July and August. When validated and tested against EnergyPlus simulation data, the thermal response model performs well. The thermal response model is then used in a co-optimization of energy and ancillary provision for a small office building with a variable air volume system from [9] using summer wholesale electricity and ancillary services prices from ISO-NE. Under six different price cases, the individual small office building provides maximum hourly regulation and spinning reserve capacities of 3.2 and 4.4 kW respectively and daily total regulation and spinning reserve capacities of 51 and 46 kW respectively. When scaled up over similar building stock in New England, small office buildings can provide up to 9.5% of ISO-NE's daily regulation requirement and 8% of the daily spinning reserves requirement. From an economic perspective, a small office building's potential summer ancillary services' revenues are not sufficient to drive investment in installation of a building automation system, variable air volume system and associated metering. However, buildings may invest in the necessary equipment for energy cost reductions and to participate in other demand response programs. Increasing building participation rates in ancillary services markets requires addressing the principal-agent problem, building-specific concerns such as program controllability and convenience and targeted policies aimed at increasing availability of clear aggregator-enabled building participation avenues.
by Nora Xu.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Boffa, John. "Model reduction of large structural systems for active vibration control /." Electronic version, 2002. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060317.113054/index.html.
Full textBulut, Mehmet Börühan. "Building as active elements of energy systems." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33317.
Full textBoffa, John. "Model Reduction of Large Structural Systems for Active Vibration Control." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/338.
Full textSettlemyre, Kevin (Kevin Franklin) 1971. "Operational, aesthetic, and construction process performance for innovative passive and active solar building components for residential buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9102.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 295-300).
A system-based framework creates the ability to integrate operational, aesthetic, and construction process performance. The framework can be used to evaluate innovations within residential construction. By reducing the constraints for use, the framework is adaptable and flexible to specific projects and to the alternatives developed by the user. Passive and active solar design strategies are brought together in the creation of the Energy Producing Wall (EPW) components. Two component types, EPW1 & EPW2, can be adapted to create five different panel types. These units can be installed on the roof or vertical walls, and provide the innovative subject for evaluation within the framework. Four alternatives within two prototype homes, located in two climates, were analyzed to represent the existing and potential stock of housing and to provide the source of input data into the framework. An adaptable spreadsheet analysis, based on past and current analytical methods, establishes the EPW's potential benefit on the heating, cooling, electricity and total energy consumption loads within the prototype designs . Visualization models combined with physical models assess the aesthetics. The development of a Dynamic Process Model for Light Wood Framing (DPM-LWF) represents the framing construction process for the prototype designs, and provides time and cost impacts of the EPW alternatives. The. results from each analytical tool are combined to analyze the impacts of implementation, case results and sensitivities within the cases. A 'case result format' presents the results of the multiple alternatives for direct comparison, and can guide further investigations and information within the document. The EPW components demonstrated a 95% benefit for the electrical load of the "Modern Design" in Phoenix (currently), and the potential to reach over 100% benefit of the heating load in Boston for the "Sears Design."
by Kevin Settlemyre.
S.M.
Işık, Onur Turan Gürsoy. "Response improvement by using active control of an earthquake excited building/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/insaatmuh/T000482.doc.
Full textMurray, Nicholas S. (Nicholas Stephen) 1977. "Applicability of high strength concrete for buildings in active seismic regions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84268.
Full textHudson, Emma J. "Incorporating active control of human-induced vibrations in floors into buildings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4313/.
Full textMulligan, Kerry Jane. "Experimental and Analytical Studies of Semi-Active and Passive Structural Control of Buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1206.
Full textEltaeb, Mohamed A. "Active Control of Pendulum Tuned Mass Dampers for Tall Buildings Subject to Wind Load." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton150343994189116.
Full textVorster, Jacobus Adriaan. "Sustainable cooling alternatives for buildings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4114.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis was initiated by a Consulting Engineering Company (KV3) as a research project to investigate various options in which the efficiency and energy utilisation of conventional air conditioning systems may be enhanced by using alternative and renewable energy. Initially, eight options had been identified and through a process of determining the degree of commercialisation the alternative options were reduced to three. These options, referred to as the sustainable cooling alternatives, are active mass cooling, night flushing and roof cooling system. The roof cooling system comprised a roof-pond, roof-spray, pump and storage tank. The roof cooling system was mathematically and experimentally modelled. The roof cooling experiment was performed under a variety of weather conditions with the roof-pond and storage tank temperatures continuously recorded. The experimentally recorded temperatures were compared to the temperatures generated by the theoretical simulation calculations for the same input and weather conditions. Good agreement was found between the mathematical and experimental model. The largest discrepancy found between the simulated temperature and the experimental temperature was in the order of 1 ºC. A one-room building has been assumed to serve as a basis to which the sustainable cooling alternatives could be applied to for theoretical simulation. The one-room building had four façade walls and a flat roof slab. Night flushing, active mass cooling and the roof cooling system were applied to the one-room building such that the room air temperature and space cooling load could theoretically be simulated. The theoretical simulations were also repeated for the case where the roof-pond and roof-spray were applied as standalone systems to the one-room building. The theoretical simulation calculations were performed for typical summer weather conditions of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Under base case conditions and for a room thermostat setting of 22 ºC the peak cooling load of the one-room building was 74.73 W/m². With the application of night flushing between the hours of 24:00 and 07:00, the room cooling load was reduced by 5.2% by providing 3.9 W/m² of cooling and reducing the peak room temperature by 1.4 ºC. The active mass cooling system was modelled by supplying water at a constant supply temperature of 15 ºC to a pipe network embedded in the roof slab of the one-room building. The sea may typically be considered as a cold water source for buildings situated at the coast. The active mass cooling system reduced the peak cooling load of the one-room building by 50% by providing 37.2 W/m² of cooling and reducing the peak room temperature by 6.7 ºC. When the roof-spray and roof-pond systems were applied as standalone systems to the oneroom building, the peak cooling load of the one-room building could be reduced by 30% and 51% respectively. This is equivalent to 22.3 W/m² of peak cooling by the roof-spray and 38 W/m² of peak cooling by the roof-pond. The roof-spray reduced the peak room temperature by 3.71 ºC while the roof-pond reduced the peak room temperature by 5.9 ºC. Applying the roof cooling system to the one-room building produced 46 W/m² of peak cooling which resulted in a 61.1% reduction in peak cooling load. The roof cooling system reduced the peak temperature by 8 ºC. By comparing the sustainable cooling alternatives, the roof cooling system showed to be the most effective in reducing the one-room building peak cooling load. Over a 24 hour period the roof cooling system reduced the net heat entry to the one-room building by 57.3%. In a further attempt to reduce the peak cooling load, the sustainable cooling alternatives were applied in combinations to the one-room building. The combination of night flushing and roof-spray reduced the peak cooling load by 36% while a combination of night flushing and active mass cooling reduced the peak cooling load by 55%. Combining night flushing with the roof-pond also yielded a 55% peak cooling load reduction. The combination of roofpond, active mass cooling and night flushing provided 51 W/m² of cooling which corresponded to a 68% reduction in peak cooling load. Utilising the sustainable cooling alternatives in a combination in the one-room building gave improved results when compared to the case where the sustainable cooling alternatives were employed as standalone systems. It is illustrated by means of a sensitivity analysis that the ability of the roof cooling system to produce cool water is largely influenced by ambient conditions, droplet diameter and roofspray rate. Under clear sky conditions, an ambient temperature of 15 ºC, relative humidity of 80%, a roof-spray rate of 0.02 kg/sm² and a roof-pond water level of 100mm, water could be cooled at a rate of 113 W/m². The roof-spray energy contributed to 28 W/m² whilst the night sky radiation was responsible for 85 W/m² of the water cooling. It must however be noted that the water of the roof cooling system can never be reduced to a temperature that is lower than the ambient dew point temperature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis is geïnisieer deur ‘n Raadgewende Ingenieurs Maatskappy (KV3) as a navorsingsprojek om verskeie opsies te ondersoek waarmee die effektiwiteit en energie verbruik van konvensionele lugversorgingstelsels verbeter kan word deur middel van alternatiewe en hernubare energie. Agt opsies is oorspronglik geïdentifiseer en deur middel van ‘n proses waarby die graad van kommersialisering van hierdie alternatiewe maniere bepaal is, kon die opsies verminder word tot drie. Hierdie opsies, ook verwys na as die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe, sluit in aktiewe massa verkoeling, dakverkoeling en nagventilasie. Die dakverkoelingstelsel bestaan uit dakwater, ‘n dakspuit, ‘n pomp en ‘n stoortenk. Die dakverkoelingstelsel is wiskundig en eksperimenteel gemodelleer. Die dakverkoelingseksperiment is uitgevoer onder ‘n verskeidenheid van weersomstandighede. Die dakwater asook die stoortenk se water temperatuur is voortdurend aangeteken. Dieselfde weer- en insetkondisies is gebruik vir die simulasie berekening en die temperature van die stoortenk se water en die dakwater is vergelyk met die temperatuurlesings van die eksperimentele werk. Die temperature van die eksperimentele lesings het goed vergelyk met die temperatuur simulasie berekeninge. Die grootste verskil tussen die simulasie en eksperimentele temperatuur was in die orde grootte van 1 ºC. ‘n Een-kamer gebou is aangeneem om as basis te dien waarop die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe aangewend kon word vir teoretiese simulasie. Die een-kamer gebou het uit vier buite mure en ‘n horisontale beton dak bestaan. Nag ventilasie, aktiewe massa verkoeling en die dakverkoelingstelsel is toegepas op die een-kamer gebou en die kamer se verkoelingslas asook die kamer se lugtempertuur is teoreties gesimuleer. Die teoretiese simulasies is ook herhaal vir die geval waar die dakwater and dakspuitstelsel apart aangewend is op die een-kamer gebou. Die teoretiese simulasie berekeninge is uitgevoer vir tipiese somer weersomstandighede vir Stellenbosch, Suid Afrika. Onder basisgeval omstandighede, waar die een-kamer gebou gesimuleer is, sonder enige volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe en ‘n termostaat verstelling van 22 ºC, is die piek verkoelingslas bereken as 74.73 W/m². Met die toepassing van nagventilasie tussen die ure 24:00 en 07:00 was die piekverkoelingslas van die kamer verminder met 5.2% deur 3.9 W/m² se verkoeling te verskaf en die piekkamer temperatuur te verminder met 1.4 ºC. Aktiewe massa verkoeling is gesimuleer deur water teen ‘n konstante temperatuur van 15 ºC te verskaf aan ‘n pypnetwerk, geïnstalleer in the beton dak, van die een-kamer gebou. Geboue geleë aan die kus kan tipies seewater oorweeg as ‘n bron van koue water. Aktiewe massa verkoeling het die piekverkoelingslas van die een-kamer gebou verminder met 50% deur 37.2 W/m² se verkoeling te verskaf en die piekkamer temperatuur te verminder met 6.7 ºC. Wanneer die dakspuit- en dakwaterstelsel aangewend is op die een-kamer gebou as enkel staande stelsels, is die piekverkoelingslas verminder met 30% en 51% onderskeidelik. Dit is ekwivalent aan 22.3 W/m² se verkoeling vir die dakspuitstelsel en 38 W/m² se verkoeling vir die dakwaterstelsel. Die dakspuitstelsel het die piekkamer temperatuur verminder met 3.71 ºC terwyl die dakwaterstelsel ‘n 5.9 ºC verlaging in piekkamer temperatuur tot gevolg gehad het. Die dakverkoelingstelsel het 46 W/m² se piekverkoeling verskaf wat ‘n 61.1% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas tot gevolg gehad het. Die ooreenstemmende piek temperatuur vermindering is 8 ºC. Deur die verskeie volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe met mekaar te vergelyk, word getoon dat die dakverkoelingstelsel die mees effektiefste manier is om die een- kamer se piekverkoelingslas te verminder. Oor ‘n tydperk van 24 uur het die dakverkoelingstelsel die totale energievloei na die een-kamer gebou met 57.3% verminder. In ‘n verdere poging om die piekverkoelingslas te verminder, is die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe toegepas in kombinasies op die een-kamer gebou. Die kombinasie van nagventilasie met die dakspuitstelsel het die piekverkoelingslas met 36% verminder, terwyl ‘n kombinasie van nagventilasie en aktiewe massa verkoeling ‘n 55% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas tot gevolg gehad het. Die kombinasie van dakwater en nagventilasie het ook ‘n piekverkoelingslas vermindering van 55% teweeggebring. Die kombinasie van dakwater, aktiewe massa verkoeling en nagventilasie het 51 W/m² se verkoeling veskaf, wat ooreenstem met ‘n 68% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas. Deur die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe in kombinasies toe te pas op die een-kamer gebou, kon beter resultate verkry word toe dit vergelyk is met die geval waar die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe as enkelstaande stelsels toegepas is. Dit is geïllustreer deur middel van ‘n sensitiwiteitsanalise dat die vermoë van die dakverkoelingstelsel om koue water te produseer, beïnvloed word deur buitelug kondisies, waterdruppel deursnee en dakspuit massa vloeitempo. Onder die oop hemelruimteomstandighede, ‘n buitelug temperatuur van 15 ºC, ‘n relatiewe humiditeit van 80%, ‘n dakspuit massa vloeitempo van 0.02 kg/sm² en dakwatervlak van 100 mm, kon water verkoel word teen ‘n tempo van 113 W/m². Die dakspuit gedeelte het 28 W/m² bygedra terwyl die nagruim radiasie sowat 85 W/m² se verkoeling verskaf het. Daar moet egter kennis geneem word dat die water temperatuur van die dakverkoelingstelsel nooit verminder kan word tot onder die buitelug doupunttemperatuur nie.
Maroufi, Seyede Masoome. "Optimization of active and reactive power in smart buildings using a distributed model predictive control." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textJiang, Xiaomo. "Dynamic fuzzy wavelet neural network for system identification, damage detection and active control of highrise buildings." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110266591.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 221 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-221). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Martine, Hagai Mbakize. "Towards automatic modeling of buildings in informal settlements from aerial photographs using deformable active contour models (snakes)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4983.
Full textThis dissertation presents a novel system for semi-automatic modeling of buildings in informal settlement areas from aerial photographs. The building extraction strategy is developed and implememed with the aim of generatinga a desk top Informal Settlement Geographic lnformation System (ISGIS) using felf developed and available PC-based GIS tools to serve novice users informal settlement areas.
Malekzadeh, Fatemeh. "Integration of Phase Change Materials in Commercial Buildings for Thermal Regulation and Energy Efficiency." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603534.
Full textKirmizi, Hacer. "The Effect Of Sun Spaces On Temperature Patterns Within Buildings: Two Case Studies On The Metu Campus." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611427/index.pdf.
Full textade. On the other hand, the sun space in the Solar Building is an enclosed conservatory which has southerly glazed faç
ades and roof. The effect of sun spaces on temperature patterns within case study buildings was determined by collecting internal temperature and humidity data from different locations within the buildings and external temperature and humidity data on certain days of the week from May to August and October and November. Data loggers were used to collect these data. The collected data was then compared for the two buildings and also for the different months. In conclusion, more heat gain resulting in temperature increase inside the buildings was obtained in conservatories when compared to the atria which have glazed faç
ade instead of glazed roof. This was also proved by the analysis of variance method which was used for the comparison of temperature data of two buildings
Frazzano, Tracy L. "Local jurisdictions and active shooters : building networks, building capacities." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4997.
Full textApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
States incidents (Columbine High School shooting (April 20, 1999) and North Hollywood Bank shoot out (February 28, 1997) were studied. Individuals from the U.S. cases were interviewed to explore information not necessarily documented. Data from the case studies and interviews were collated and reviewed for common themes. These themes were analyzed to draw conclusions on how smaller jurisdictions should proceed in building capacities to deal with active shooter scenarios. Findings suggest that smaller jurisdictions can build capacities by creating a megacommunity within local law enforcement. This includes developing systems to share smart practices, training for small unit attacks, and creating multi-jurisdictional interoperability standards.
Nissen, Edwin K. "Active mountain-building in Mongolia and Iran." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5058b6f1-26d1-44db-a310-de03902058b4.
Full textPerumal, Zara (Zara Alexandra). "Towards building active defense for software applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119583.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-88).
Over the last few years, cyber attacks have become increasingly sophisticated. In an effort to defend themselves, corporations often look to machine learning, aiming to use the large amount of data collected on cyber attacks and software systems to defend systems at scale. Within the field of machine learning in cybersecurity, PDF malware is a popular target of study, as the difficulty of classifying malicious files makes it a continuously eective method of attack. The obstacles are many: Datasets change over time as attackers change their behavior, and the deployment of a malware detection system in a resource-constrained environment has minimum throughput requirements, meaning that an accurate but time-consuming classier cannot be deployed. Recent work has also shown how automated malicious file creation methods are being used to evade classication. Motivated by these challenges, we propose an active defender system to adapt to evasive PDF malware in a resource-constrained environment. We observe this system to improve the f₁ score from 0.17535 to 0.4562 over five stages of receiving PDF files that the system considers unlabeled. Furthermore, average classication time per le is low across all 5 stages, and is reduced from an average of 1.16908 seconds per le to 1.09649 seconds per le. Beyond classifying malware, we provide a general active defender framework that can be used to deploy decision systems for a variety of resource-constrained adversarial problems.
by Zara Perumal.
M. Eng.
Murphy, David M. (David Michael). "Building an active node on the Internet." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42716.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).
by David M. Murphy.
M.Eng.
Křeček, David. "Vliv architektonického konceptu na potřebu tepla na vytápění energeticky úsporných budov pro bydlení." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233244.
Full textDowns, Marco Vicente. "MainStage: Building Active Listening Space on UC Campus." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242939153.
Full textDowns, Marco. "MainStage building active listening space on UC campus /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1242939153.
Full textAdvisor: Vincent Sansalone. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: architecture; acoustics; aural; UC; Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati; campus; performance; amphitheater; theater; sound; noise; music. Includes bibliographical references.
Serrano, Susana. "Reduction of the energy consumption of buildings by acting in the building envelope: materials and passive construction systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399729.
Full textconstantemente durante las últimas cuatro décadas, representando en 2010 el 25% de las emisiones totales y el 32% del consumo energético a nivel global. Las instituciones internacionales prevén que pueden duplicarse e incluso triplicarse en 2050. Un objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar el consumo energético de los edificios residenciales europeaos en las últimas dos décadas y demostrar la necesidad de reducir el consumo energético de los edificios para mitigar el cambio climático. La Agencia Internacional de la Energía recomienda mejorar la envolvente del edificio con materiales y sistemas constructivos apropiados como principal acción para reducir su consumo energético. Por este motivo, esta tesis está enfocada en mejorar las propiedades térmicas de los materiales que conforman la envolvente incorporando materiales de cambio de fase para el almacenamiento térmico de energía en sistemas pasivos y/o materiales sostenibles.
Greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption in buildings were constantly increasing the last 4 decades, representing 25% of total emissions and 32% of global final energy consumption in 2010. These emissions are expected to double or even triple by 2050 according to international institutions projections. Therefore, the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption becomes a necessity to encompass pollution and climate change mitigation. One of the objectives of this PhD thesis is to analyse the trends of the energy consumption of European residential buildings. The main action recommended by the International Energy Agency to reduce significantly the energy consumption in buildings is to improve their envelopes with appropriate materials and construction systems. For this reason, this PhD thesis is focused on materials with thermal properties improved using phase change materials (PCM) for latent thermal energy storage in passive systems and/or sustainable materials to be placed in building envelopes.
Chey, Min Ho. "Passive and Semi-Active Tuned Mass Damper Building Systems." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3431.
Full textLundin, Mats. "Building Distributed Control Systems Using Distributed Active Real-Time Databases." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-234.
Full textFrom the field of control theory, we can see that varying communication delays in a control system may be hard or even impossible to handle. From this point of view it is preferable to have these delays bounded and as small and as possible in order to adapt the control process to them. On the other hand, in some cases delays are inevitable and must be handled by the control system.
A control system may for different reasons be distributed, e.g., because of a distributed environment or severe environment demands such as heat or dust at some locations. Information in such a system will suffer from delays due to transportation from one place to another. These delays often show up in a random fashion, especially if a general network is used for transportation. Another source of delays is the system environment itself. For predictability reasons a real-time database is preferable if the delays are to be controlled.
A straightforward way of handling delays in a control system is to build the system such that delays are constant, i.e., to build a time invariant system. The time from sensor reading to actuation is made constant either by adding a suitable delay to achieve a total constant delay or by using time-triggered reading and actuation. These are simple ways of controlling the delays, but may be very inefficient because worst-case execution time must always be used. Other ways of handling varying delays are by using more tolerant control algorithms. There are two suitable control models proposed by Nilsson (1998) for this purpose. The tolerant algorithm approach is assumed in this work.
This thesis uses a distributed active real-time database system as a basis for building control systems. One of the main objectives is to determine how active functionality can be used to express the control system, i.e., how rules in the database can be used to express the control algorithm and for handling propagation of information. Another objective is to look at how the choice of consistency level in the database affects the result of the control system, i.e. how different consistency level affects the delays. Of interest is also to characterize what type of applications each level is suited for.
Johnson, Dean Vincent. "The synthesis of optically active chiral building blocks using enzymes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317396.
Full textGravoille, Pauline. "CASE STUDY OF ACTIVE FREE COOLING WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77778.
Full textBest Master Thesis Award, granted by French Academic Institute
Cold Thermal Energy Storage
Zhang, Rongpeng. "Dynamic Optimization of Integrated Active - Passive Strategies for Building Enthalpy Control." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/404.
Full textKim, Youngjin Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Active power ancillary service provision of commercial building energy storage resources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101571.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The aim of this thesis is to propose new control strategies of building energy storage systems and analyze their effects on operations of power grids and electricity markets. Specifically, novel control schemes of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and variable speed heat pumps (VSHPs) are proposed to improve grid frequency regulation (GFR) and day-ahead (DA) electricity market clearing. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control methods are evaluated using small-signal analysis, simulation case studies, and experimental verifications. An alternative power system for commercial buildings is designed using steady-state and dynamic models of power converters and corresponding controllers. A dynamic model of a VSHP is also presented for real-time simulation studies, while considering the operational characteristics such as the heat rate and coefficient of performance. Using the simulated models, new GFR schemes of PEVs and VSHPs, responding to direct load control (DLC) signals, are proposed and analyzed. First, a small-signal analysis is carried out using transfer functions that represent the aggregated dynamic responses of generators and DLC-enabled PEVs and VSHPs. The closed-loop properties of the proposed GFR scheme are then analyzed using Bode and pole-zero plots. Simulation case studies are then performed using a test grid with various penetrations of PEVs and VSHPs that respond to primary (PFC) and secondary frequency control (SFC) signals. The test grid is implemented using an experimental laboratory-scale microgrid, and its control centers communicate with the hardware units to provide real-time control. In addition, a closed-loop model of an independent system operator (ISO) and a commercial building aggregator (CBA) is presented where the CBA determines optimal energy consumption and reserve deployment of VSHPs and PEVs in response to locational marginal prices (LMPs), while satisfying distribution network (DN) operational constraints. DA market clearing and price-based demand response (DR) are modeled with stochastic optimization problems. Simulated case studies are then performed to estimate variation in the operational costs of the ISO and the CBA, as well as in the LMPs under various conditions, as determined by the temperature control methods, the building energy storage resource penetrations, and the DN operational constraints.
by Youngjin Kim.
Ph. D.
Dane, Kristopher R. "Assessing the Influence of Building Geometry on Active Shooter Event Outcomes." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841977.
Full textCurrent building standards for protective design focus on a “fortress” approach that does not effectively protect against contemporary attack vectors such as active shooters. Furthermore, these standards provide little guidance to private building owners whose facilities are increasingly targeted by “active shooters.” This study combines the NetLogo agent-based modeling platform with the Autodesk Revit building design software to test key building geometry configurations for their impact on active shooter event casualties. The findings show that overall building geometry has an effect on active shooter casualties and that modifications to interior door alignment and the addition of direct exit doors can reduce the casualties in active shooter events. This research provides guidance to building designers who want to mitigate the risk of active shooter events with their building designs.
Zhou, Guo. "Predictive optimal control of active and passive building thermal storage inventory." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453539.
Full textMousa, Kareem Mohanad. "Novel redox active building blocks for the creation of functional macromolecules." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4453/.
Full textKarunaratne, Nivithigala Polgaswatte Kasun Viraj. "Use of semi-active dampers in seismic mitigation of building structures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/93350/1/Nivithigala%20Polgaswatte%20Kasun%20Viraj_Karunaratne_Thesis.pdf.
Full textKilaire, Aneel. "Design of an integrated passive and active double facade system for UK offices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30860/.
Full textHassan, Marwa M. "Framework for active solar collection systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28048.
Full textPh. D.
Christensen, Christian Ausig. "Redox active cyclophanes and donor-acceptor systems from new TTFAQ building blocks." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3880/.
Full textMcDonald, Niall A. "Synthesis of novel redox-active building blocks for supramolecular and materials chemistry." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1904/.
Full textMorgan, Steve. "Experimental analysis of optimal control of passive and active building thermal storage inventory." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442942.
Full textSqueo, Benedetta Maria [Verfasser]. "BODIPY as building blocks for Near InfraRed-Active Organic Compounds / Benedetta Maria Squeo." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173339493/34.
Full textBahar, Arash. "Hierarchical semiactive control of base-isolated structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31840.
Full textIn structural engineering, one of the constant challenges is to find new better means of protecting structures from destructive environmental forces. One approach is seismic isolation, which has shown to not only reduce the response of the primary structure, but also reduce damage to equipment and other non-structural secondary elements. A drawback of most isolation systems appears when one considers the response of isolated structures subjected to earthquakes characterized by near-field motions. Such motions are likely to produce large isolation deformations, which may lead to buckling or rupture of isolators. To control these large deformations one way is to utilize supplemental dampers together with the isolation system (a hybrid system). However the benefits of isolation system may be significantly reduced for both moderate and strong earthquakes due to the transfer of energy into higher modes which can result in increased interstory drift and floor accelerations. One approach to improve the performance of an isolation system is to incorporate devices within the isolation system whose properties can be adjusted in real-time during earthquakes. Such devices are referred to as semi-active. The control forces in semi-active systems are developed as a result of the motion of the structure itself. They can only be modified through appropriate adjustment of mechanical properties of semi-active devices. Furthermore, the control forces act to oppose the motion of the structural system and therefore promote the global stability of the structure. Specifically the MR dampers appear to have significant potential to advance the acceptance of structural control as a viable means for dynamic hazard mitigation. However, because of the inherent nonlinearity of MR dampers, the first step in the design of a semiactive control is the development of an accurate model of the MR device. The system-identification issue plays a key role in control problems. The nature of this research is multidisciplinary because it deals with two concepts, identification of a mechanical device (MR damper) as well as a structural control problem in a civil engineering perspective. As a first step, a new Bouc-Wen based normalized model has been developed to study the behavior of a wider range of MR dampers, specially the devices which can be more effective in the vibration control of real civil engineering structures (large-scale MR dampers). Based on this new model, an extension of a parameter identification method for MR dampers has been proposed. This extension allows to identify a larger class of MR dampers more accurately. The validation of the parameter identification method has been carried out using a black-box model of an MR damper that is a part of a smart base-isolated benchmark building model available in the community of researchers in structural control. The versatility of the parameter identification method has been tested using the MR damper as a semi-active device under time-varying voltage and earthquake excitation. Then, based on the proposed extended Bouc-Wen based normalized model, a new inverse model for MR dampers has been proposed. If two additional practical physical constraints are satisfied, then the voltage of the MR dampers can be manipulated by the inverse model. Finally, a hierarchical semi-active control strategy for the control of the vibration response of the isolated buildings equipped with a set of parallel MR dampers has been presented. This strategy consists of four steps applied in real time at each control instant: 1. Compute the overall desired control force to be applied at the base of the structure. 2. Determine the total force applied at the current control instant by the set of MR dampers. If this force is smaller than the desired force and they have the same sign, this means that the MR dampers need to apply more damping force and go to step 3. Otherwise the voltage of the MR dampers is set to 0. 3. Determine the number of dampers that are applying force in the same direction as the desired control force. 4. Compute the corresponding command voltage for each MR damper using the inverse model. The whole method is simulated by considering the three-dimensional smart base isolated benchmark building which is also used by the structural control community as a state-of-the-art model for numerical experiments of seismic control attenuation. The resulted performance indices demonstrate that the proposed semi-active method can effectively improve the performance of the building under earthquake loading
Hsu, Cheng-Chieh. "Control of seismic response of building structures using passive cladding and active tendon systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20747.
Full textMabruk, Suhil Salem. "Synthesis and characterization of new electro-active building blocks for supramolecular and materials chemistry." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2056.
Full textRivera, Corban G. "Automatic Reconstruction of the Building Blocks of Molecular Interaction Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28752.
Full text- cellular wiring diagrams can be decomposed into overlapping modules, where each module is a set of coherently-interacting molecules and
- a cell responds to a stress or a stimulus by appropriately modulating the activities of a subset of these modules.
- Given a wiring diagram and genome-wide gene expression data measured after the application of a stress or in a disease state, compute the active network of molecular interactions perturbed by the stress or the disease.
- Given the active networks for multiple stresses, stimuli, or diseases, compute a set of network legos, which are molecular modules with the property that each active network can be expressed as an appropriate combination of a subset of modules.
Ph. D.
Griffith, Ashley R. "Baking a Building: An Experiment In Activating the Senses." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491303753804295.
Full textHasan, Md Kamrul, and Rabia Khan. "Building international brand through promotional Strategy: A case study of MEC: Active Engagement in Bangladesh." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5334.
Full textRissling, James Francis. "A building system for active settlement : development of live-work dwellings in Central Square, Cambridge." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69739.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 68-72).
Advances in technology, such as more powerful affordable computers and flexible communication, along with social and economical changes have led to the decentralization of the workplace and have made it possible for, and in some cases have forced, more professionals to work at home. With greater and varied demands on the home, people will require more control over their environments to accommodate multiple uses, including those of professional work. A dwelling for living and working, therefore, must be adaptable. Architecturally this suggests a building that may support a range of programs and ownership. A means of achieving this is to provide a framework in which physical issues of structure, the delivery of services, along with architectural issues of circulation, transition, and context are addressed. My investigation is inspired by urban housing types that have proven adaptable in use and ownership, while maintaining a clear identity, such as the row houses of Boston's Back Bay and the small number of nineteenth century dwelling types used in Cambridge, and most American cities. Because of their density and clear diagrams these urban dwellings may be easily subdivided or combined to support many uses without dramatic alteration. The use of simple available systems allow these dwellings to mediate between built and assembled elements. The built elements represents the framework or more fixed elements of construction, while the assemblies are those elements that can be altered with relative ease in the interest of renewal or adaptation for live-work dwellings and future uses.
by James Francis Rissling.
M.Arch.
West, Cortney. "Improving Building Energy Efficiency Through Implementation Of An Active Indoor Rhizospheric Microbe Air Processing System." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612559.
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