Relevant bibliographies by topics / Active Buildings

Academic literature on the topic 'Active Buildings'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Active Buildings"

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Elliott, Tom, Joachim Geske, and Richard Green. "Business Models for Active Buildings." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 7389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197389.

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Active Buildings that allow users to adjust their demands on the grid to the needs of the energy system could greatly assist the transition to net zero, but will not be widely adopted unless the businesses involved can make money from doing so. We describe the construction, flexibility and information supply chains of activities needed to make these buildings work. Drawing on the results of an expert workshop, we set out four possible business models deserving further investigation. Developers may find it profitable to build or upgrade energy-efficient buildings with the monitoring and control equipment needed to adjust demand and energy storage as required, selling them soon after completion. Aggregators monitor the state of the building and communicate with the energy system to adjust the building’s demand while maintaining comfort levels, in return for suitable payments. Energy service companies may sell energy-as-a-service and own the equipment instead of a consumer who wishes to minimize their upfront costs, and the idea of an active, energy-efficient, building may be attractive to the tenants of the new group of all-inclusive rental companies, and hence to those companies. Our discussion shows that each is an evolution of an existing (successful) business model, but that further work will be needed to evaluate their profitability when applied to Active Buildings.
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Seto, Kazuto. "Active Damping Buildings." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 96, no. 900 (1993): 954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.96.900_954.

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Sundling, Rikard, Stefan Olander, Petter Wallentén, Stephen Burke, Ricardo Bernardo, and Åke Blomsterberg. "Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 37, no. 5 (October 14, 2019): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-12-2018-0109.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify appropriate concepts of multi-active façades for the renovation of multifamily buildings in Sweden and to determine which, if any, are financially viable. Design/methodology/approach A lifecycle profit (LCP) analysis was used to examine financial viability through a ten-step process, which included identifying concepts, assessing costs and prices, calculating the LCP and performing sensitivity analysis. Two existing buildings – one low rise and the other high rise – were used as reference models. Findings The findings were contradictory. Implementing any of the multi-active façade concepts on the high-rise building would be financially beneficial. The opposite was, however, the case for the low-rise building. Two factors causing this contradiction have been identified: the façade material before renovation and the size of the building. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to two case buildings situated in Sweden; however, similar buildings represent a significant amount of the existing building stock. Part of the purpose of the study is also to investigate the merits of LCP analysis to evaluate energy-efficient retrofitting. The study implicates the benefits and pitfalls of LCP analysis needed to be considered by researchers and practitioners alike. Originality/value The research findings contribute to the understanding of energy-efficient retrofitting of existing multifamily buildings based on prefabricated multi-active façade concepts.
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Zhou, Guo, Moncef Krarti, and Gregor P. Henze. "Parametric Analysis of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Utilization*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1824110.

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Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid. Time-of-use electricity rates encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and on weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. While these two thermal batteries have been engaged separately in the past, this paper investigates the merits of harnessing both storage media concurrently in the context of optimal control for a range of selected parameters. A parametric analysis was conducted utilizing an EnergyPlus-based simulation environment to assess the effects of building mass, electrical utility rates, season and location, economizer operation, central plant size, and thermal comfort. The findings reveal that the cooling-related on-peak electrical demand and utility cost of commercial buildings can be substantially reduced by harnessing both thermal storage inventories using optimal control for a wide range of conditions.
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Usta, Pinar, and Özgür Bozdağ. "A New Approximate Method for Earthquake Behaviour of Worship Buildings." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091440.

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Turkey is in seismically active region, so many earthquakes occur in this country in the last decades. Ancient worship buildings are vulnerable to seismic activity, as many historical buildings. So, it is important to understand that building’s behavior under seismic actions. In this paper, fifteen masonry worship building has been selected which are located and built-in different region in Antalya. The main reason for the paper is to assess the seismic vulnerability of worship building by using a new approximate method. The method which is proposed in this paper aims at a simple and fast procedure based on a simplified geometric approach for immediate screening of masonry buildings at risk.
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Teixeira, G. P. L., A. S. Guimarães, and J. M. P. Q. Delgado. "Active and Passive Solutions for an Energy Efficient Building." Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications 30 (August 19, 2022): 125–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-09fygx.

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In addition, the majority of electricity consumed in buildings (58%) should come from renewable sources. Together with solar thermal, modern biomass, and district heating, overall renewables could ramp up to 81%, from 36% today’s contribution for the sector. Nonetheless, to materialize these predictions, a global investment of around USD 32 trillion (28 trillion euros) is expected between now and 2050. In the European Union, the nearly zero-energy building standard (nZEB) will be obligatory for all new buildings by 2021. Although the increase in energy demand will be reduced with this measure, it does not really affect the energy consumption at present. It is imperative to design energy efficiency retrofit and renovation financing schemes. For many years to come, only measures taken in existing buildings will have a significant effect on the total energy demand in the building stock. Firstly, this work presents a brief analysis of active and passive solutions for an energy-efficient building. Secondly, in this work it identified a set of active and passive solutions, which, in a combined way, develop the thermal performance of a residential building, allowing it to become energetically autonomous. The program EnergyPlus was used to execute the thermo-energetic simulations for the diverse scenarios considered, in the study case. The numerical results showed that the implementation of passive solutions improves the energy performance of the buildings, and the use simultaneously of an active solution, a renewable energy source, allows the reach of the energy-autonomous of the building.
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Sung, Uk-Joo, and Seok-Hyun Kim. "Development of a Passive and Active Technology Package Standard and Database for Application to Zero Energy Buildings in South Korea." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091700.

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There is much research on zero energy buildings. In this paper, technologies and policies to improve the building energy efficiency of zero energy buildings are presented. The zero energy building certification system in Korea is introduced, and the evaluation is carried out based on the energy self-reliance rate that enables zero energy buildings. Zero energy buildings are able to minimize energy consumption due to the application of highly efficient building materials and equipment technology. In this research, to increase the prevalence of zero energy buildings in Korea, the authors propose a zero energy building technology package. Using a passive and active technology package, we confirmed the necessity and detailed requirements of each technology parameter. We analyze and classify Korean building material testing methods and performance standards, and propose passive and active technology packages, modules, material performance testing methods and minimum requirement performance standards. Finally, this study proposed a table presenting the test methods, standard and minimum value of performance. By these results, the authors confirmed the effectiveness and availability of passive and active technical packages.
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Henze, Gregor P. "Energy and Cost Minimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (January 21, 2005): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1877513.

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In contrast to building energy conversion equipment, less improvement has been achieved in thermal energy distribution, storage and control systems in terms of energy efficiency and peak load reduction potential. Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid and time-of-use electricity rates are designed to encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and on weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure (passive storage) or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. Recent theoretical and experimental work showed that the simultaneous utilization of active and passive building thermal storage inventory can save significant amounts of utility costs to the building operator, yet increased electrical energy consumption may result. The article investigates the relationship between cost savings and energy consumption associated with conventional control, minimal cost and minimal energy control, while accounting for variations in fan power consumption, chiller capacity, chiller coefficient-of-performance, and part-load performance. The model-based predictive building controller is employed to either minimize electricity cost including a target demand charge or electrical energy consumption. This work shows that buildings can be operated in a demand-responsive fashion to substantially reduce utility costs with marginal increases in overall energy consumption. In the case of energy optimal control, the reference control was replicated, i.e., if only energy consumption is of concern, neither active nor passive building thermal storage should be utilized. On the other hand, cost optimal control suggests strongly utilizing both thermal storage inventories.
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Chiu, Chien Kuo, and Heui Yung Chang. "A Risk-Based Approach to Determine the Optimal Service Life of Steel Buildings in Seismically Active Zones." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1446.

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The object of this study is to propose, develop and apply a risk-based approach to determine the optimal service life for steel framed buildings in seismically active zones. The proposed framework uses models for seismic hazards, structural fragility and loss functions to estimate the system-wide costs owing to earthquake retrofitting and recovery. With the seismic risk curves (i.e. the expected seismic loss and probability of exceeding the loss), the optimal service life can be determined according to the probable maximum loss (PML) defined by the building’s owner. The risk-based approach is further illustrated by examples of 6- and 20-story steel framed buildings. The buildings have three kinds of different lateral load resisting systems, including moment resisting frames, eccentrically braced frames and buckling restrained braced frames. The results show that for the considered PML (i.e. 40% initial construction cost) and risk acceptance (e.g. 90% reliability), steel braced frames can effectively improve seismic fragility and lengthen service life for a low-rise building. However, the same effects cannot be expected in a high-rise building.
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Nikolaidou, Elli, Ian Walker, David Coley, Stephen Allen, Daniel Fosas, and Matthew Roberts. "Towards Active Buildings: Stakeholder Perceptions of the Next Generation of Buildings." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155706.

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Several regulations and standards have been developed to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings, but these have failed to provide a clear pathway to a net zero future. Hence, we recently introduced the Active Building Code (ABCode). This provides guidance on reducing the environmental impact of the next generation of buildings, termed Active Buildings (ABs), through their synergy with the grid. This paper aims to illuminate the regulatory landscape, justify our initial proposal for the ABCode, and reveal opportunities and challenges to the popularisation of ABs. Twelve online focus group discussions were conducted, with thirty stakeholders in total, all selected on the basis of their expertise. A grounded theory approach identified five core themes in such discussions. These strongly overlap with what is incorporated in the ABCode, suggesting the code successfully captures issues important to experts. Stakeholders defined ABs as responsive buildings and proposed both energy and carbon are considered in their assessment. They hence aligned with the definition and evaluation framework proposed by the ABCode. Finally, stakeholders considered people’s tendency to prioritise capital cost as the greatest challenge to the popularisation of ABs, and the increasing demand for healthy environments as its greatest opportunity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active Buildings"

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Warwick, David James. "Integrating active thermal mass strategies in responsive buildings." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7384.

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Thermal mass can be used in buildings to reduce the need for and dependence on mechanical heating and cooling systems whilst maintaining environmental comfort. Active thermal mass strategies further enhance the performance of thermal mass through integration with the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. For the design of new buildings to include active thermal mass strategies, experience from operational projects and design guidelines are normally used by engineers. However, dynamic thermal modelling is required in most cases to accurately determine the performance of its integration with the environmental systems of the building. Design decisions made in the preliminary stages of the design of a building often determine its final thermal characteristics. At this stage, reasons for not integrating active thermal mass strategies include the lack of knowledge about the performance of previous buildings and the time and resources required to carry out detailed modelling. In this research project a commercially available dynamic building thermal program has been used to construct models for active thermal mass strategies and compare the results with monitored temperatures in buildings incorporating the strategies in the UK. Four active thermal mass strategies are considered (a) hollow core slabs (HCS), (b) floor void with mass, (FVWM) (c) earth-to-air heat exchanger (ETAHE) and (d) thermal labyrinth (TL). The operational strategies and monitoring are presented and their modelling is described in terms of geometrical configuration and input parameters. The modelling results are compared with the measured parameters successfully. Using the calibrated model, an excel based tool (TMAir) was then developed that can be used at the concept design stages of a typical office building to determine the benefits of integrating an active thermal mass strategy. Key design parameters were identified for each system. These parameters can be split into two categories; fixed parameters and user selected parameters. The fixed parameters are pre-selected for the design tool and have to be a fair representation of the projects that the tool will be used for. The user selected parameters are chosen by the user to represent the way the building will be used, and to look at the effect of key design decisions on the performance of the building. The tool has an easy-to-use interface which allows direct comparison of the different active thermal mass strategies together with the effects of changing key design parameters. Results are presented in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption. TMAir has then been used to carry out a series of parametric analyses. These have concluded the following:  There is only a benefit in integrating a HCS strategy when night cooling is introduced  There is no benefit in integrating a FVWM strategy when only one parameter is improved  An ETAHE and TL strategy will always provide a benefit, although the benefits are greater when night cooling is introduced, solar and internal gains are reduced and when the air change rate is increased. When all of the parametric improvements are applied to the test room the results show that all of the active thermal mass strategies can provide a reduction in annual overheating hours when compared to the Standard Strategy. Only a small benefit is found for the FVWM Strategy, however around a 25% reduction is found for the HCS Strategy, over a 50% reduction for the TL Strategy and nearly a 75% reduction for the ETAHE Strategy. This demonstrates the importance of applying a low energy, passive approach when considering the application of active thermal mass strategies. The key results have shown that when comfort cooling is provided, adding a HCS or FVWM strategy always results in an increase in the annual cooling load. This is as a result of the temperature of the air being supplied into the cores or floor void being higher than that of the internal surface temperatures of the cores or void. This results in the supply air being heated, and less cooling provided to the test room per cooling energy delivered. Due to the pre cooling effect of the ETAHE and TL strategies, these strategies always result in a reduction in the annual cooling load. The key results have shown that the annual heating load is reduced by a small amount for the HCS and FVWM strategies unless the solar gains or internal gains are reduced, whereas the ETAHE and TL strategies always result in a around a 10% reduction in annual heating load as a result of the preheating effect these strategies have on the supply air.
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Bolter, J. D. "Active damping of framework vibrations." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382018.

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Xu, Nora (Nora Lan). "Active participation of buildings in the power sector : the case of small office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103567.

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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-140).
Under the broad context of decarbonization of the energy sector, commercial buildings are well-suited for providing ancillary services to the electricity grid and poised to transform from passive consumers to active electricity market participants. A data-driven multi-zonal thermal response model is formulated and fit to EnergyPlus simulation data from a Department of Energy Small Office Reference Commercial Building for the months of June, July and August. When validated and tested against EnergyPlus simulation data, the thermal response model performs well. The thermal response model is then used in a co-optimization of energy and ancillary provision for a small office building with a variable air volume system from [9] using summer wholesale electricity and ancillary services prices from ISO-NE. Under six different price cases, the individual small office building provides maximum hourly regulation and spinning reserve capacities of 3.2 and 4.4 kW respectively and daily total regulation and spinning reserve capacities of 51 and 46 kW respectively. When scaled up over similar building stock in New England, small office buildings can provide up to 9.5% of ISO-NE's daily regulation requirement and 8% of the daily spinning reserves requirement. From an economic perspective, a small office building's potential summer ancillary services' revenues are not sufficient to drive investment in installation of a building automation system, variable air volume system and associated metering. However, buildings may invest in the necessary equipment for energy cost reductions and to participate in other demand response programs. Increasing building participation rates in ancillary services markets requires addressing the principal-agent problem, building-specific concerns such as program controllability and convenience and targeted policies aimed at increasing availability of clear aggregator-enabled building participation avenues.
by Nora Xu.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Boffa, John. "Model reduction of large structural systems for active vibration control /." Electronic version, 2002. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060317.113054/index.html.

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Bulut, Mehmet Börühan. "Building as active elements of energy systems." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33317.

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Buildings account for approximately 40% of the energy demand and 33% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Accordingly, there are several efforts that target energy efficiency in buildings both at the European and Swedish levels. The role of buildings in climate change mitigation, however, is not limited to energy savings. Buildings are expected to become key elements of the future smart energy systems by supplying and using energy in a more flexible way. Reducing the energy demand in buildings effectively and shifting the role of buildings in energy systems from ‘passive’ consumers to ‘active’ prosumers, however, require close interaction and cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors. Based on the data collected from interviews and a web survey, this doctoral thesis investigates the relationship between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden at the inter-company level, presents key stakeholder views on smart energy features in buildings and investigates the opportunities and barriers for their adoption in Sweden and Hong Kong. The results of this thesis suggest a potential for improving the cooperation between the Swedish energy and buildings sectors, which was identified to be influenced by the following factors: district heating monopolies; energy efficiency efforts in the buildings sector; unsuccessful technology-neutrality of the building regulations; self-generation systems in buildings; and energy use patterns. Shifting the focus from self-gains to mutual gains appears crucial to strengthen the inter-sectoral cooperation, as there are several opportunities for achieving mutually beneficial solutions for the two sectors. This would, however, require significant changes in current practices and business models as well as the introduction of new technologies, which would allow for a more flexible energy supply and use. Accordingly, technologies that target flexible energy use in buildings are considered the most important smart energy features in buildings. The current high costs of technologies, such as home automation and smart electrical appliances, however, create the strongest barrier to adoption. Therefore, the introduction of new business and ownership models and the elimination of the institutional and regulatory barriers are crucial to achieve a wide-scale development of smart energy features in buildings. The results from Hong Kong suggest that institutional and regulatory barriers can particularly create strong hinders to the adoption of technologies. It is possible to achieve more sustainable energy systems, where buildings are active elements of networks that supply and use energy in a more flexible and ‘smarter’ way. Cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors can play a key role in the adoption of smart energy features in buildings and pave the way for the smart built environment of the future.
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Boffa, John. "Model Reduction of Large Structural Systems for Active Vibration Control." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/338.

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This thesis studies the applicability of the Dynamic model reduction method that is used for direct plant order reduction in the active vibration control of large and flexible structures. A comparison of the performances between the reduced models produced by the Dynamic model reduction method and those obtained by other common model reduction methods such as the Guyan method, and the Mode-displacement method have been carried out. By using a full analytical model of a twenty storey building as the reference, each three degrees of freedom model was compared by computer simulation. The open-loop frequency response simulation, open-loop earthquake simulation, and the closed-loop earthquake simulation were all used to initially evaluate the reduced models. The accuracy of the frequency responses was assessed with sinusoidal applied forces, and for the closed-loop dynamic analysis, an active mass damper at the top storey and a recorded earthquake excitation was used. When compared with the simulation results of the Guyan method, the Dynamic method has many advantages, especially in terms of its accuracy at the high frequency range. The Mode-displacement method produces reduced models that are good for dynamic analysis of open-loop systems, but it was found to be inconvenient for use in active control. Finally, the Dynamic model reduction method and Guyan method were compared using experimental test results. A 2.5m tall building model with 20 floors was used as the plant, with a linear motor installed at the top storey for the purposes of active-damping. Although the results of simulations would suggest that both models perform sufficiently, experimental testing proved that only the Dynamic model performs adequately for this specific application of active control. The problem associated with most model reduction methods, such as the Guyan, is that they are based on full-order models that were derived from the linear elastic theory. The versatility of the Dynamic model reduction method is such that it provides the option of obtaining system parameters directly from experiment, not just from theory. The experimental procedure ensures that the Dynamic model reduction method forms an accurate description of the real system dynamics. The applicability of this method for obtaining low-order plant models was demonstrated through real-time active control testing of the model structure, while it was subject to a sinusoidal excitation. The tests have shown that the Dynamic model reduction method can be used as an alternative approach for the model reduction of structural systems for the purpose of active vibration control.
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Settlemyre, Kevin (Kevin Franklin) 1971. "Operational, aesthetic, and construction process performance for innovative passive and active solar building components for residential buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9102.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-300).
A system-based framework creates the ability to integrate operational, aesthetic, and construction process performance. The framework can be used to evaluate innovations within residential construction. By reducing the constraints for use, the framework is adaptable and flexible to specific projects and to the alternatives developed by the user. Passive and active solar design strategies are brought together in the creation of the Energy Producing Wall (EPW) components. Two component types, EPW1 & EPW2, can be adapted to create five different panel types. These units can be installed on the roof or vertical walls, and provide the innovative subject for evaluation within the framework. Four alternatives within two prototype homes, located in two climates, were analyzed to represent the existing and potential stock of housing and to provide the source of input data into the framework. An adaptable spreadsheet analysis, based on past and current analytical methods, establishes the EPW's potential benefit on the heating, cooling, electricity and total energy consumption loads within the prototype designs . Visualization models combined with physical models assess the aesthetics. The development of a Dynamic Process Model for Light Wood Framing (DPM-LWF) represents the framing construction process for the prototype designs, and provides time and cost impacts of the EPW alternatives. The. results from each analytical tool are combined to analyze the impacts of implementation, case results and sensitivities within the cases. A 'case result format' presents the results of the multiple alternatives for direct comparison, and can guide further investigations and information within the document. The EPW components demonstrated a 95% benefit for the electrical load of the "Modern Design" in Phoenix (currently), and the potential to reach over 100% benefit of the heating load in Boston for the "Sears Design."
by Kevin Settlemyre.
S.M.
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Işık, Onur Turan Gürsoy. "Response improvement by using active control of an earthquake excited building/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/insaatmuh/T000482.doc.

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Murray, Nicholas S. (Nicholas Stephen) 1977. "Applicability of high strength concrete for buildings in active seismic regions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84268.

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Hudson, Emma J. "Incorporating active control of human-induced vibrations in floors into buildings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4313/.

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This thesis investigates the implications of incorporating active vibration control (AVC) into floor structures from the initial design stage, with the goal of enabling the construction of more slender long-span floors. The original contributions to knowledge in this work are the investigations into: the development of a novel walking force that simulates the in-service loading of an office environment; the comparison between the effectiveness of AVC and tuned mass dampers (TMDs) when used on floor structures; the investigation into the effect of AVC over the entire floor area rather than considering single locations only, leading to conclusions about typical numbers of actuators that would be required; the investigation into the trade-off between power demand and the performance of an AVC system; and the initial life cycle analysis (LCA) of a floor that incorporates AVC at the design stage. The force model utilises simultaneous pedestrians walking throughout the structure and was calibrated and verified using experimentally acquired data. AVC was found to be a significant improvement upon TMDs in that the response of the structure was reduced to a greater extent using a much smaller inertial masses. The effectiveness of AVC was generally limited to within a single bay. However, large reductions in response were observed within each controlled bay. Therefore, it is suggested that a rule of thumb of one actuator per significant panel is required to control a given floor area, and that the size of these bays should be maximised to increase the effectiveness of AVC. High feedback gains resulted in only slight improvements in structural response, therefore improvements in the non-overhead power demand for AVC can be achieved through a simple decrease in the feedback gain. This has the additional benefit that smaller actuators could be utilised. The initial LCA highlighted the high financial cost of AVC but also demonstrated that potentially significant material savings could be realised through incorporation of AVC at the design stage.
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Books on the topic "Active Buildings"

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Vance, Vicki L. Active control of buildings during earthquakes. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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Faircloth, D. C. Lightning protection of buildings using active finials. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Feifer, Lone, Marco Imperadori, Graziano Salvalai, Arianna Brambilla, and Federica Brunone. Active House: Smart Nearly Zero Energy Buildings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90814-4.

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Thermally active surfaces in architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010.

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Vaughn, Bradshaw, ed. The building environment: Active and passive control systems. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2006.

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Young, Katherine A. Constructing buildings, bridges, and minds: Building an integrated curriculum through social studies. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1994.

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Bartolozzi, Federico. Sistema attivo di isolamento sismico alla base =: Active system of seismic base insulation. Firenze: L'autore libri Firenze, 1995.

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Perry, J. Spacecraft cabin air quality control and its application to tight buildings. Washington, D.C: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995.

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Berke, Kai-leé. The Creative Curriculum for Preschool Teaching Guide featuring the Buildings study. Washington D.C: Teaching Strategies, 2010.

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1969-, Kim Hongjin, ed. Wavelet-based vibration control of smart buildings and bridges. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Active Buildings"

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Clarke, Joanna. "Designing Active Buildings." In Emerging Research in Sustainable Energy and Buildings for a Low-Carbon Future, 11–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8775-7_2.

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Hachem-Vermette, Caroline. "Active Solar Technologies." In Solar Buildings and Neighborhoods, 101–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47016-6_4.

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Jadhav, Nilesh Y. "Active Design Technologies." In Green and Smart Buildings, 59–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1002-6_5.

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Clarke, Joanna, Paul Jones, John Littlewood, and Dave Worsley. "Active Buildings in Practice." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 555–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2_47.

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Czekster, Ricardo M., Charles Morisset, Aad van Moorsel, John C. Mace, Walter A. Bassage, and John A. Clark. "Cybersecurity Roadmap for Active Buildings." In Active Building Energy Systems, 219–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79742-3_9.

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Rubino, Darrin L., and Christopher Baas. "Active inquiry." In Dating Buildings and Landscapes with Tree-Ring Analysis, 263–70. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315145679-14.

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Zeiler, Wim, and Gert Boxem. "Geothermal Active Building Concept." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 305–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03454-1_32.

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Sadeghian, Omid, Arash Moradzadeh, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and Vahid Vahidinasab. "Active Buildings Demand Response: Provision and Aggregation." In Active Building Energy Systems, 355–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79742-3_14.

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Shaterabadi, Mohammad, Hosna Khajeh, Hooman Firoozi, and Hannu Laaksonen. "Energy Management Systems of Grid-Connected Active Buildings." In Active Building Energy Systems, 251–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79742-3_10.

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O’Dwyer, E., E. Atam, P. Falugi, E. C. Kerrigan, M. A. Zagorowska, and N. Shah. "A Modelling Workflow for Predictive Control in Residential Buildings." In Active Building Energy Systems, 99–128. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79742-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Active Buildings"

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Geier, Sonja. "Retrofitted Buildings Go Solar Active!" In EuroSun 2010. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2010.12.07.

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Zhou, Guo, Moncef Krarti, and Gregor P. Henze. "Parametric Analysis of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Utilization." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65087.

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Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid. Time-of-use electricity rates encourage shifting of electrical loads to off peak periods at night and on weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. While these two thermal batteries have been engaged separately in the past, this paper investigates the merits of harnessing both storage media concurrently in the context of optimal control for a range of selected parameters. A parametric analysis was conducted utilizing an EnergyPlus-based simulation environment to assess the effects of building mass, electrical utility rates, season and location, economizer operation, central plant size, and thermal comfort. The findings reveal that the cooling-related on-peak electrical demand and utility cost of commercial buildings can be substantially reduced by harnessing both thermal storage inventories using optimal control for a wide range of conditions.
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Mendes, Sebastian, and Anurag Bura. "Active Moment Connection System for Mitigating Wind-Induced Building Vibrations." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0203.

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<p>Modern tall buildings are increasingly being built in slender and complex forms. Limiting wind- induced vibrations of these buildings to meet serviceability criteria is increasingly challenging due to their flexibility. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are often incorporated into tall buildings for mitigating excessive wind-induced vibrations. However, traditional TMDs have several disadvantages including the necessity of an immense mass, occupation of a significant volume of interior space, and effectiveness over only a narrow band of vibration frequencies. This paper describes a proposed alternative system for alleviating wind-induced vibrations using a network of active moment connections. For buildings with a moment frame lateral force-resisting system, in- frame stiffness is concentrated at the fixity of the beam-to-column connections. The rotational stiffness of conventional bolted or welded moment connections is nominally static; the proposed active moment connections possess rotational stiffness that can be adjusted in response to a signal. Adjustment of the rotational stiffness of multiple beam-to-column moment connections positioned throughout a moment frame can allow for alteration of the global frame lateral stiffness, allowing greater control over a building’s dynamic response to wind loading. The proposed system envisions a network of active moment connections installed strategically throughout a building’s moment frame. The active moment connections are controlled by a central processing unit (CPU) that regulates the stiffness of the frame in real-time in response to input from external sensors mounted to the building, such as anemometers or wind pressure sensors. In this way, wind-induced vibrations can be mitigated by the CPU constantly regulating the global moment frame lateral stiffness. A numerical case study is presented for a portal-framed structure possessing active moment connections and loaded under service-level wind loads. The dynamic performance of the frame with and without the active moment connections is compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system for alleviating wind-induced vibrations.</p>
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Lin, Chun Yen, Edward T. H. Chu, Lun Wei Ku, and Jane W. S. Liu. "Active Disaster Response System for Smart Buildings." In 2014 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/is3c.2014.134.

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Palacios-Quinonero, Francisco, Josep M. Rossell, Jose Rodellar, and Hamid R. Karimi. "Active-passive control strategy for adjacent buildings." In 2011 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2011.5991059.

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Santo, Yasuhiro, John H. Frazer, and Robin Drogemuller. "Active buildings: What can we do about buildings that simply stand still?" In CAADRIA 2011: Circuit Bending, Breaking and Mending. CAADRIA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.301.

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Henze, Gregor P. "Trade-Off Between Energy Consumption and Utility Cost in the Optimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65108.

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In contrast to building energy conversion equipment, less improvement has been achieved in thermal energy distribution, storage and control systems in terms of energy efficiency and peak load reduction potential. Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid. Time-of-use electricity rates are designed to encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure (passive storage) or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. Recent theoretical and experimental work showed that the simultaneous utilization of active and passive building thermal storage inventory can save significant amounts of utility costs to the building operator, yet in many cases at the expense of increased electrical energy consumption. This article investigates an approach to ensure that a commercial building utilizing both thermal batteries does not incur excessive energy consumption. The model-based predictive building controller is modified to trade off energy cost against energy consumption. This work shows that buildings can be operated in a demand-responsive fashion to substantially reduce utility costs, however, at the expense of increased energy consumption. Placing a greater emphasis on energy consumption led to a reduction in the savings potential. In the limiting case of energy-optimal control, the reference control was replicated, i.e., if only energy consumption is of concern, neither active nor passive building thermal storage should be utilized. On the other hand, cost-optimal control suggests strongly utilizing both thermal storage inventories.
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Seto, Kazuto, Yoshihiro Toba, and Fumio Doi. "Active Vibration Control of a Triple Flexible Structures Combined With Actuators." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0598.

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Abstract In order to realize living comfort of tall buildings by reducing the vibration of higher floors by strong winds, this paper proposes a new method of vibration control for flexible structures with a large scale. The higher a tall building the lower its natural frequency. Since obtaining sufficient force to control the lower frequency vibrations of tall buildings is a difficult task, controlling the vibration of ultra-tall buildings using active dynamic absorbers is nearly impossible. This problem can be overcome by placing actuators between a pair of two or three ultra-tall buildings and using the vibrational force of each building to offset the vibrational movement of its paired mate. Therefore, it is able to obtain enough control force under the low frequency when the proposed method is used. In this paper, a reduced-order model expressed by 2DOF system under taking into consideration for preventing spillover instability is applied to control each flexible structure. The LQ control theory is applied to the design of such a control system. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated theoretically as well as experimentally.
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Kashif, Ayesha, Stephane Ploix, and Julie Dugdale. "Assessing Energy Strategies in Active Buildings Considering Human Behaviour." In First International Symposium on Sustainable Human–Building Ecosystems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479681.007.

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Lee-Glauser, Gina, Goodarz Ahmadi, and Lucas Horta. "Integrated passive/active vibration absorber for multi-story buildings." In 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1365.

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Reports on the topic "Active Buildings"

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Sharp, M. Keith, and Russell Barnett. Sustainable Buildings. Using Active Solar Power. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221945.

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Baker, Nicholas, Rafaella Belmonte Monteiro, Alessia Boccalatte, Karine Bouty, Johannes Brozovsky, Cyril Caliot, Rafael Campamà Pizarro, et al. Identification of existing tools and workflows for solar neighborhood planning. Edited by Jouri, Kanters. IEA SHC Task 63, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task63-2022-0001.

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Planning for sustainable neighborhoods is a high priority for many cities. It is therefore important to take the right decisions during the planning phase to ensure that important aspects are considered. One of these important aspects is to consider the harvesting of solar energy in the best possible way. It is however difficult to define the best ways to exploit the incoming solar energy. Solar energy can be used by means of active solar energy production, passively by means of daylighting buildings or outside buildings on the ground for direct solar access or thermal comfort. This different usage can sometimes be conflicting (for example at a building level, in order to maximize the photovoltaic production, it may be necessary to use all the surfaces, therefore preventing the access to daylight). The access to daylight in the street is appreciated during cold days, but shading is preferred during the hotter days.
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Cuerden, Richard, Mary Williams, Jeanne Breen, Dan Campsal, Suzy Charman, David G. Davies, Nick Reed, and Sarah Simpson. Safe Roads for All. TRL, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/ohss3066.

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It calls on UK Government to publish, with urgency, a Safe and Healthy Mobility Strategy and Action Plan for roads and civic spaces across the UK that is based on Safe System solutions; and for Government to place this strategy and action plan at the heart of its transport policy decisions to save people and the planet. This report proposes goals, work areas, and priority actions for the strategy and action plan. Safe and healthy mobility means we get around on roads and around our civic spaces (the spaces between our buildings) in ways that: prevent death and serious injury from road crashes; prevent death and illness from air pollution and inactivity; and achieve decarbonisation to tackle the climate crisis. We enable people to move around in active ways (walking, cycling) and we enable the safe, clean, and green use of vehicles too; to move our goods, deliver services, or move people, including by public transport.
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Brown, Scott M., Eugene Santos, Banks Jr., and Sheila B. Active User Interfaces For Building Decision-Theoretic Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430259.

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Campbell, Roy H., and M. D. Mickunas. Building a Dynamic Interoperable Security Architecture for Active Networks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407881.

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Tristan Burgess, Tristan Burgess. Building an active surveillance system for lead in Northeastern wildlife. Experiment, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/13481.

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Ehrlich, Paul, and Rick Diamond. Smart Buildings: Business Case and Action Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962466.

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Gregor P. Henze and Moncef Krarti. Predictive Optimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894509.

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Gregor P. Henze and Moncef Krarti. Predictive Optimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894510.

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Gregor P. Henze and Moncef Krarti. Predictive Optimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894511.

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