Journal articles on the topic 'Active Building Envelope'
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1
Kalús, Daniel, Daniela Koudelková, Veronika Mučková, Martin Sokol, Mária Kurčová, and Peter Janík. "Practical Experience in the Application of Energy Roofs, Ground Heat Storages, and Active Thermal Protection on Experimental Buildings." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 9313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189313.
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Research Area: Building components with integrated energy-active elements (BCEAE) are generally referred to as combined building-energy systems (CBES). Aim: Research on the application of energy (solar) roofs (ESR), ground heat storage (GHS), active thermal protection (ATP), and their cooperation in different modes of operation of energy systems with an emphasis on the use of renewable energy sources (RES) and waste heat. Methodology: The analysis and synthesis of the state of the art in the field, the inductive and analogical form of the creation of an innovative method of operation of combined building-energy systems, the development of an innovative solution of the envelope panel with integrated energy-active elements, the synthesis of the knowledge obtained from the scientific analysis and the transformation of the data into the design and implementation of the prototype of the prefabricated house IDA I and the experimental house EB2020. Results: The theoretical analysis of building structures with active thermal protection results in the determination of their energy potential and functionality, e.g., thermal barrier, heating/cooling, heat storage, etc. New technical solutions for envelopes with controlled heat transfer were proposed based on the implementation of experimental buildings. Conclusions: The novelty of our research lies in the design of different variants of the way of operation of energy systems using RES and in upgrading building envelope panels with integrated energy-active elements.
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Goia, Francesco, Marco Perino, Valentina Serra, and Fabio Zanghirella. "Towards an Active, Responsive, and Solar Building Envelope." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.4.121.
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Xu, Xu, and Steven Van Dessel. "Evaluation of an Active Building Envelope window-system." Building and Environment 43, no. 11 (November 2008): 1785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.10.013.
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Purba, Wolter, Afiri Dianti, Jefri Sigalingging, Nadhira Gilang Ratnasari, and Yulianto Nugroho. "Effect of Water Spray in Controlling Temperature of Hot Gas Propagation through Double Skin Facade." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704038.
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The rapid development of science and technology have contributed in the applied building design. One of them is the improvement of the construction design of the building envelope. Current high-rise building design impacts in wider building envelop surface area and greater heat load received from the sun irradiation. One of the common used design is the doubleskin façade type building envelope. The insulation characteristic given by the envelope interlayer gap can reduce the heat load received. However, in fire cases, the gap becomes hot gasses path, supporting wider flame propagation. Its position in the outside leads to harder fire suppression effort. During this time, the active fire protection system design has just considering fire scenarios inside the building. This research is conducted to see water droplets impact as extinguisher aspect on interlayer gap hot gasses propagation. The experiment used wooden layer with 540 mm x 80 mm x 6 mm dimention as the envelope layer. The interlayer gap varies among others 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm to see flame output characteristic through and time needed for 4 nozzles to extinguish the flame. The suppression system applied is expected to be a solution in the case of double-skin façade building envelope fire event.
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Luo, Yongqiang, Ling Zhang, Michael Bozlar, Zhongbing Liu, Hongshan Guo, and Forrest Meggers. "Active building envelope systems toward renewable and sustainable energy." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 104 (April 2019): 470–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.005.
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Xu, Xu, and Steven Van Dessel. "Evaluation of a prototype active building envelope window-system." Energy and Buildings 40, no. 2 (January 2008): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.02.027.
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Musorina, Tatiana A., Mikhail R. Petrichenko, Darya D. Zaborova, and Olga S. Gamayunova. "Determination of active and reactive thermal resistance of one-layer building envelopes." Vestnik MGSU, no. 8 (August 2020): 1126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.8.1126-1134.
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Introduction. The subject of the study is the individual characteristics of a 0.51 m thick external single-layer building envelope made of solid ceramic bricks. The paper focuses on the heat engineering parameters of the wall, namely, the calculation of active and reactive thermal resistances. We determine the differences between the two types of resistances. We also provide an example of calculating the thermal boundary layer in which all temperature fluctuations occur and determining the amount of heat absorbed and released by the envelope.
Materials and methods. We give consideration to taking into account the two components of thermal resistance based on wave functions — thermal and temperature waves. Active thermal resistance is determined at any point of the building envelope with a fixed time value t (stationary heat transfer mode). The coordinate is recorded when determining total resistance. To calculate the thickness of the envelope thermal boundary layer, the temperature differential from −30 to 40 °С outside the premises is considered, the temperature inside the premises is assumed to be 18 °С. The temperature differential value is calculated from the ratio of the difference between current temperatures and the initial value. The required heat quantity and heat output are calculated using standard thermal physics formulas.
Results. The difference between active and reactive thermal resistances, which together make up total thermal resistance, was proved. Active resistance is always 1.57 times less than total resistance. In this case, the active resistance will drop as the temperature differential decreases, and will increase when the outside temperature is higher than the temperature inside the premise. The thermal boundary layer thickness is always less than half of the envelope thickness.
Conclusions. Using this method, it is sufficient to calculate the active thermal resistance of the building envelope to determine the remaining values. In addition, the greater the temperature differential, the thicker the temperature boundary layer, i.e. all temperature changes occur only in this layer while the rest of the envelope functions as a thermal accumulator. When the outside ambient temperature drops, all accumulated heat will be transferred into the premise. Such an envelope can be used to heat the premise or to direct this heat to various envelope elements.
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Roland Horváth, Kristóf, and István Kistelegdi. "Award winning first Hungarian active house refurbishment." Pollack Periodica 15, no. 2 (August 2020): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.15.2.21.
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Abstract:First Hungarian Active House refurbishment won the Active House Award and the Energy Globe Hungary prize in 2017. This paper provides insight into the renewal design process of the typical home from the 70’s under disadvantageous site conditions. Dynamic thermal simulations helped to gain insight into space organization and building envelope concepts and their effects on comfort and energy performance. The Active House Standard was applied to evaluate the calculation results. The most advantageous concept was selected for final design elaboration and construction. The implemented building proved that in the refurbishment process it is possible to achieve highest level of efficiency in operation energy consumption with positive yearly balance by simultaneously being able to rearrange the complete interior space and as a consequence the building shape and envelope into a competitive design at international level.
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Sachin Harry. "Dynamic Adaptive Building Envelopes – an Innovative and State-of-The-Art Technology." Creative Space 3, no. 2 (January 24, 2016): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32004.
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The building envelope has a key role to play in achieving indoor comfort for the occupants and building energy efficiency. A dynamic, active and integrated solution -- able to achieve the optimum thermal performance, harness energy from renewable resources and, integrate active elements and systems -- is the most promising and innovative strategy for the building envelope of tomorrow. To achieve an effective and sustainable building envelope with a dynamic behaviour, considerable efforts in research and development are necessary. This paper endeavours to present a broad review of design, research and development work in the field of Dynamic Adaptive Building Envelope (DABE). Based on detailed studies, the characteristic features, enabling technologies, and the overall motivations that have tendered to the advancement of DABE are discussed. In spite of its positive aspects, the study reveals that the concept of DABE has not yet been well-applied and needs much more exploration. Various challenges need to be resolved and advanced research undertaken to bring it to maturity and acceptance.
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Badura, André, Birgit Mueller, and Ivo Martinac. "Managing climate-change-induced overheating in non-residential buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017202009.
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Large and rapid climatic changes can be uncomfortable and sometimes hazardous to humans. Buildings protect people from external climatic conditions, and also mitigate the impacts of external climate extremes through their design and construction, as well as with the help of dedicated building service and other technical systems. Active space conditioning accounts for more than 30 per cent of the overall final energy use in Germany. In the life cycle of a building, the construction phase (planning and construction) is the phase with the shortest duration. However, the quality applied during this phase has a significant impact on the resources required, as well as the overall building performance during the much longer operational phase. Once built, buildings are often unable to adapt to boundary conditions that were not considered in the original building design. Consequently, changing outdoor climate conditions can result in an uncomfortable indoor climate over the lifetime of a building. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of flexible solutions for reducing winter heating loads and to reducing/avoiding summer cooling loads in nonresidential buildings in Germany. Various external shading scenarios for non-residential buildings were analysed using the IDA ICE indoor climate and energy simulation tool. Key simulation parameters included the orientation and location of the building, as well as the envelope structure. We investigated the impacts of solar shading on heat storage in the building mass and indoor climate and how different types of envelopes affect overall energy use. The result shows that the use of an adaptive building envelope allows a higher reduction of the total energy demand by 7 % to 15 % compared to an increase in insulation thickness only.
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Kalús, Daniel, Zuzana Straková, and Matej Kubica. "Energy Balance of a Low Energy House with Building Structures with Active Heat Transfer Control." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 65, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.17462.
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A qualitatively new dimension has been introduced to the issue of building structures for energy-efficient buildings by the system of Active Thermal Insulation (ATI), which is already applied in the construction of such buildings. ATI are embedded pipe systems in the envelope structures of buildings, into which we supply a heat-carrying medium with adjusted temperature, so this constitutes a combined building-energy system. This introduces the concept of an internal energy source understood as an energy system integrated into the zone between the static part and the thermal insulation part of the building structure envelope. Under certain conditions, the ATI can serve as a heat recuperator or as an energy collector for a heat pump application. ATI consists of pipe systems embedded in building structures, in which the medium circulates heated by energy from any heat source. The function of the system is to reduce or eliminate heat losses through non-transparent structures in the winter and at the same time to reduce or eliminate heat gains in the summer. It is especially recommended to apply heat sources using renewable energy sources due to the required low temperatures of the heating medium and thus shorten the heating period in the building. Also recommended is to apply ATI for the use of waste heat. Buildings with a given system show low energy consumption and therefore meet the requirements of Directive no. 2018/844/EU, according to which, from 01.01.2021, all new buildings for housing and civic amenities should have energy needs close to zero.
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Tsai, Bor Jang, Koo David Huang, and Chien Ho Lee. "Hybrid Structural Systems of An Active Building Envelope System(ABE)." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2359.
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This study takes the ventilation into consideration, making the active building envelope (ABE) system more close to the realistic application conditions. The ABE system is comprised of a photovoltaic unit (PV unit) and a thermoelectric heat pump unit (TE unit). The PV unit consists of photovoltaic cells, which convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The TE unit consists of thermoelectric heaters/coolers (referred to here onwards as TE coolers), which convert electrical energy into thermal energy, or the reverse. The PV and the TE units are integrated within the overall ABE enclosure. The new mechanism of a hybrid system was proposed. A ducted wind turine will be integrated with the ABE system becoming dual core. Then the analytic model of original ABE system has to be revised and analytic solution will be resulted and verified by the numerical solution of CFD. The ducted wind mill will provide air conditioning and power the ABE system, to higher the thermal efficiency of the heat sinks of TE system. Numerical and experimental works will be investigated. a building installed the ABE system wind, solar driven, bypass the windmill flow as a air flow, ambient temperature, To is equal to 35 oC and indoor temperature, Ti is 28 oC. Numerical results show the Ti will decrease 2 oC when the ABE operating with heat sinks, without fan. As fan is opened, strong convective heat transfer, Ti will decrease approximately 4 to 5 oC. We hope findings of this study can make the dream of healthy living comfortable room come true.
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Tong, Zhi Neng. "Explore the Structure of the Building Envelope Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.371.
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Energy efficiency must first be a good envelope, then consider saving technology from the device. From the perspective of building life-cycle perspective, the eco-design of energy-efficient throughout, so that the building has good ventilation and shade integrated structure, building envelope insulation effect good, reasonable equipment systems, these measures will be building energy efficiency has played a active role. According to these principles, the program selection, save energy, to obtain better results.
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Zhang, Dongxu, Kailiang Huang, Guohui Feng, Xue Lv, and Jintian Xu. "Study on fresh air load characteristics and energy saving measures of low energy consumption buildings in severe cold area." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601059.
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In order to study the fresh air load characteristics of low energy consumption buildings with different envelope structure parameters, combined with the law of fresh air load, energy saving measures were studied. Taking the ultra-low energy consumption building of Shenyang Jianzhu University as an example, the DeST simulation software was used to establish five groups of models with different envelope structure parameters for load simulation. The simulation results show that the fresh air heat load in model 1 to model 5 is 29.89%, 34.66%, 38.60%, 44.68% and 53.36% of the building heat load, respectively. The seasonal fresh air cooling load of air conditioning accounted for 13.78%, 13.85%, 13.88%, 13.99% and 14.05% of the building cooling load respectively. The thermal insulation performance of the envelope has great influence on the thermal load of the building, but little influence on the cooling load of the building. The better the insulation performance of building envelope, the greater the energy saving potential of fresh air load. Fresh air heat load is sensible heat load, and fresh air cooling load is mainly latent cooling load. From the theoretical point of view, the building adopts a heat recovery device with a heat recovery efficiency of 0.6, which can save 5989.91kW • h in the heating season and reduce the building heat load by 32.02%. In the air conditioning season sensible heat recovery device can save energy 131.45kW • h, reduce building cooling load by 1.56%; Total heat recovery device can save energy of 708.73kW • h and reduce cooling load of building by 8.43%.With the development of zero-energy building technology, the requirement of fresh air energy consumption is more strict, and the active all-heat fresh air heat recovery device is more suitable for this building. It also has more space for future development. This paper analyzes the change of energy saving potential of fresh air with the development of building envelope. The methods and ideas of reducing energy consumption of fresh air in low energy consumption buildings are discussed.
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Khire, Ritesh A., Achille Messac, and Steven Van Dessel. "Design of thermoelectric heat pump unit for active building envelope systems." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 19-20 (September 2005): 4028–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.04.028.
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Zhang, Yu, and Wenqing Tao. "Ideal thermophysical properties of building wall: Method based on impedance and interpretation mechanism." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 8 (April 6, 2017): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17698533.
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Thermal resistance is commonly defined as the ratio of the temperature difference to the heat flow, and it is only valid for one-dimensional, steady heat conduction without an internal source. This work extends the application scope of the thermal resistance to the multi-dimensional, unsteady conditions based on the entransy dissipation rate, which is called impedance. It provides an approach to optimize the heat transfer process of complex problems. For example, it can be used to analyse the unsteady heat transfer of building envelope: when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is given, the extremum of building envelope thermal resistance is corresponding to the extremum of heat input to the interior from envelope, which is determined by the ideal volumetric specific heat distribution versus temperature of building envelope. Based on this, the relationship between thermal resistance and volumetric specific heat of building envelope is developed, and according to the extremum of thermal resistance, the ideal volumetric specific heat can be obtained. In this paper, applications are presented for active and passive conditions. The results show that, for active or passive condition, the ideal volumetric specific heat of the external wall should be a δ function in summer or winter.
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Giyazov, Adham I., Saidmukhammad M. Mirzoev, and Karum Abdulrahman. "Modeling thermal and wind processes in the near-wall layer of building envelopes subjected to insolation." Vestnik MGSU, no. 3 (March 2022): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.3.285-297.
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Introduction. Insolation patterns play a decisive role in creating a comfortable microclimatic environment in building spaces. This is a relevant problem of thermal safety assurance for modern construction projects and better sanitary and hygienic conditions of indoor environments. The radiant energy of the sun is a priority in the architectural and structural design and the design of thermal shells of buildings.
Materials and methods. Theoretical, full-scale microclimatic and thermophysical field studies on structural envelopes of buildings were conducted to identify the contribution of insolation to thermal and wind patterns in the near-wall layer of building envelopes. These methods were verified using the analysis of research techniques, developed by domestic and foreign authors specializing in thermal physics of energy-efficient buildings. The authors developed a set of methods allowing to conduct new experimental studies of physical processes in the thermal air shell of the near-wall layer of envelope structures of real buildings.
Results. As a result of the field studies of thermal and wind processes underway near the structural envelope of buildings subjected to prolonged insolation, the authors learned that the microclimate turns uncongenial in the near-wall air layer of buildings and in building spaces. This microclimate has unique thermal conditions. The extent of impact, made by the external walls of buildings on the generation and regulation of thermal and wind patterns of the near-wall microclimate was identified. A model of convective flows of the near-wall microclimatic layer of multi-storied residential buildings was developed. These convective flows demonstrate high capacity and vertical mobility and cause the air mass to travel through the space of a building floor that has columns due to the thermal contrast between the opposite walls of buildings.
Conclusions. The authors have identified the contribution of solar energy to thermal and wind conditions in the air layer of thermal protective shells of buildings subjected to insolation. The mechanism, underlying the thermophysical processes arising in the course of interaction between insolation and the active surface of the thermal protective shell, is identified. The authors have formulated the preconditions for adjusting the design air temperature when assessing the thermal stability of building envelopes, taking into account the insolation conditions of facade systems of buildings. The preconditions for the relationship between outdoor and indoor air environments, as well as methods of natural aeration of premises have been demonstrated.
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Zhilina, Tatyana. "Decreasing of Thermal Losses of the Light-Weight Building Envelope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 729 (January 2015): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.729.224.
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Kalús, Daniel, Daniela Koudelková, Veronika Mučková, Martin Sokol, and Mária Kurčová. "Contribution to the Research and Development of Innovative Building Components with Embedded Energy-Active Elements." Coatings 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12071021.
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The research described in this study focuses on the innovation and optimization of building envelope panels with integrated energy-active elements in the thermal barrier function. It is closely related to developing and implementing the prototype prefabricated house IDA I with combined building-energy systems using renewable energy sources. We were inspired by the patented ®ISOMAX panel and system, which we have been researching and innovating for a long time. The thermal barrier has the function of eliminating heat loss/gain through the building envelope. By controlling the heat/cold transfer in the thermal barrier, it is possible to eliminate the thickness of the thermal insulation of the building envelope and thus achieve an equivalent thermal resistance of the building structure that is equal to the standard required value. The technical solution of the ISOMAX panel also brings, besides the use of the thermal barrier function, the function of heat/cold accumulation in the load-bearing part of the building envelope. Our research aimed to design and develop a panel for which the construction would be optimal in terms of thermal barrier operation and heat/cold accumulation. As the production panels in the lost formwork of expanded polystyrene (according to the patented system) proved to be too complicated and time consuming, and often showed shortcomings from a structural point of view, the next goal was to design a new, statically reliable panel construction with integrated energy-active elements and a time-saving, cost-effective, unified production directly in the panel factory. In order to develop and design an innovative panel with integrated energy-active elements, we analyzed the composition of the original panel and designed the composition of the innovative panel. We created mathematical–physical models of both panels and analyzed their energy potential. By induction and an analog form of formation, we designed the innovative panel. Based on the synthesis of the knowledge obtained from the scientific analysis and the transformation of this data, most of the building components and all the panels with integrated energy-active elements were manufactured directly in the prefabrication plant. Subsequently, the prototype of the prefabricated house IDA I was realized. The novelty of our innovative building envelope panel solution lies in the panel’s design, which has a heat loss/gain that is 2.6 times lower compared to the ISOMAX panel.
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Wagner, Karl. "Adaption of a tropical passive house as holistic approach." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 3 (June 7, 2022): 3755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n3-056.
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Several attempts have been made in tropical countries to conduct green mock-up research on which parameters can better withstand the heat and humidity: Walls, windows, roofs, and even shadings have been tested in mainly so-called contrived experiments. The challenge of a tropical "holistic" Passive building is to bring ALL those relevant parameters into play in different seasonal and weather situations whilst expelling the interference of the hot outside air. In principle, this is happening anyway for most commercial buildings and Passive Houses in all other hemispheres alike, but it is not common for tropical residential building strategies. The author refers back to a database of 250 days from a suburban area in Malaysia. Data out of 4 typically hot months in the year 2017 in detail with 3 adjacent real mini-residential Passive and 1 "red" House(s) with the same positioning for ambient temperature and the most vulnerable part of the building envelope which is the window were cross-examined. The well insulated, basically almost airtight and optimum shaded building with ventilation performed cooler in almost all cases during the rainy season and the increasing number of transition periods. Without aircon and due to the lack of a moisture barrier it remained humid, but with no harm for occupants and the building envelope. The Passive holistic design will work best i.e. energy efficiently in a combination of a) nighttime active usage of green cooling (i.e. cross ventilation or water-based cooling ceilings). During b) daytime, among other related modules looked in, cooling is based upon passive envelope features PLUS shading. For various reasons, compared to buildings in the colder hemisphere (such as tropical thin building envelope and no triple glazing required), the payback of the Tropical Mass Residential Passive House comparing OPEX and CAPEX is reasonable with 5-6 years.
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Xie, Jun-long, Qiu-yuan Zhu, and Xin-hua Xu. "An active pipe-embedded building envelope for utilizing low-grade energy sources." Journal of Central South University 19, no. 6 (June 2012): 1663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-012-1190-3.
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Călbureanu, Mădălina Xenia, Raluca Malciu, Diana Mara Calbureanu, and Anca Mihaela Barbu. "Contributions Regarding the Implementation Nzeb Concept in Existing Public Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 896 (February 2020): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.896.329.
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This paper purpose is to provide recommendations for a public buildings – hospital - x in order to increase energy efficiency, saving primary resources, to ensure a healthy indoor climate for users, and last but not least to ensure a reduction of CO2 emissions in order to ensure an external environment with low pollutant emissions. After the thermal expertise of this building, the carried out analysis has as main objective to consider all the parameters involved (installations, insulations, indoor environment, comfort). Along with rehabilitation of a public building (envelope and installations), especially it is necessary to save energy but not to endanger the indoor climate. Non-invasive methods were used to inspect the building by using thermo-vision both for the building envelope and for inspection of existing installations. All the entering parameters such as utilities bills were analyzed for a period of one year to highlight current energy performance. The given recommendations achieve the proposed goal and highlight the active role of building management, continuous monitoring of energy and utilities to assess and improve energy efficiency, and ultimately to minimize specific energy costs. The results of this study can be used successfully on a wide range of hospital buildings in Romania.
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Saaly, Maryam, Pooneh Maghoul, and Hartmut Holländer. "Investigation of the effects of heat loss through below-grade envelope of buildings in urban areas on thermo-mechanical behaviour of geothermal piles." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020505010.
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Harvesting geothermal energy through the use of thermo-active pile systems is an eco-friendly technique to provide HVAC energy demand of buildings. Mechanical behaviour of thermo-active piles is impacted by thermal cycles. Moreover, in urban areas, the temperature of the ground is higher than non-constructed areas due to the heat loss through the below-grade enclosure of buildings. This heat dissipation increases the thermal capacity of the soil and affects the mechanical response of the geothermal pile foundation subjected to thermo-mechanical loading. To investigate the effect of buildings heat loss on thermo-active piles, a numerical thermo-mechanical (TM) analysis was carried out on a proposed energy foundation system for an institutional building, the Stanley Pauley Engineering Building (SPEB) in the campus of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. The mechanical response of the geothermal piles to the thermal cycles with and without considering heat leakage through the basement of the SPEB is compared. Results showed that the cooling loads induced a maximum vertical pile head displacement of -1.18 mm. After 5 years operation of the system, the maximum vertical pile head displacement decreased to -1.05 mm for the case in which heat loss through the basement in considered in the models. In addition, the maximum axial load effective along the pile axis was 6% higher for the case that considers heat loss through the basement compared to the case without considering heat leakage through the building’s below-grade envelope.
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Kaya, Gevher Nesibe, and Figen Beyhan. "Integrated design approaches with photovoltaic panel and solar collectors in building envelope." World Journal of Environmental Research 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v11i2.7232.
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Resources are running out and the use of fossil resources, which threaten the future of life due to the negative environmental effects, and the limitations and cost increases caused by dependence on energy production have made energy efficiency the main priority of the world countries. In this context, efforts to obtain energy from alternative energy sources have gained momentum within the framework of the targets of safe energy supply and energy independence, as well as energy conservation. The use of solar energy has come to the fore among these studies with its accessibility, affordable cost and environmental effects. With the increasing tendency towards net zero energy buildings in the design of buildings, which have a large share in terms of energy consumption, approaches of "the buildings can meet the energy they need with the help of solar energy" have been developed. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the integrated design principles and application methods of photovoltaic panels (PV) and solar collectors, which have found much more place in building envelope designs in recent years. First of all, PVs and solar collectors, defined as active solar systems, were examined in terms of system components, applicability and efficiency, then the design approaches of building integrated photovoltaic panels (BIPV) and building integrated solar collectors (BIST) were investigated detailed. Their advantages and disadvantages have been identified for the applications of these systems in buildings. Finally, the integrated design approach has been evaluated over the sample buildings. In the results, the potentials and importance of BIPV-BIST technologies in the context of energy efficiency were discussed, taking into account the integrated design approaches.
Keywords: Renewable, integrated design, BIPV, BIST, energy efficiency
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Belleri, Annamaria, Chiara Dipasquale, and Jennifer Adami. "A framework for the technical evaluation of residential buildings’ energy retrofit." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103025.
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Despite a wide range of energy-efficient technologies, financial products and public incentives are already available, the private as well as the public sector are struggling to invest in energy efficient solutions for buildings. The primary barriers are the high initial cost and the uncertain payback period of the energy refurbishment. Allowing for different scenario testing and considering interactions among different building energy systems, building energy simulation tools can help investors overcoming such barriers by offering support to the technical planning of energy refurbishment kits through quantitative information rather than qualitative. The energy performance and comfort of three reference multifamily residential buildings typologies were evaluated considering three envelope retrofitting performance levels (high-medium-low insulated and airtight) and different heating and domestic hot water systems (heat pump, boiler, district heating). The tested envelope retrofitting performance levels allow for heating need reduction between 50% and 90% compared to the reference case. The active cooling system is not accounted for and building energy simulations outputs include thermal comfort evaluation and overheating risk assessment during the summer season. The potential of photovoltaic system combined with heat pump is evaluated in the three reference cases leading to up to 30% of load coverage.
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Knaack, Ulrich. "Potential for innovative massive building envelope systems – Scenario development towards integrated active systems." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 2, no. 3-4 (May 26, 2015): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fde-150024.
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Călbureanu, Mădălina Xenia, Raluca Malciu, and Calin Mihnea Calbureanu. "Contributions Regarding the Energy Efficiency Increasing for a Hotel Building in order to Ensure a Healthy Indoor Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.329.
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This paper purpose is to provide recommendations after a thermal energy analysis and inspection of a hotel building and its related facilities, in order to increase energy efficiency saving primary resources, to ensure a healthy indoor climate for users, and last but not least to ensure a reduction of CO2 emissions in order to ensure an external environment with low pollutant emissions. All the carried out analysis has as main objective to consider a symbiosis between all the parameters involved (energy, indoor/outdoor environment, comfort), when a building (envelope and installations) is renovated, especially when excess in order to save energy tend to endanger the indoor climate. Non-invasive methods were used to inspect the building by using thermo-vision both for the building envelope and for inspection of existing installations. The building utilities bills were analyzed for a period of one year to highlight current energy performance. The given recommendations achieve the proposed goal and highlight the active role of building management, continuous monitoring of energy and utilities to assess and improve energy efficiency, and ultimately to minimize specific energy costs. The results of this study can be used successfully on a wide range of hotel buildings in Romania.
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Peng, Changhai, Lu Huang, and Bangwei Wan. "NOVEL INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR NET-ZERO-ENERGY SOLAR BUILDINGS (NZESBS) IN NANJING, CHINA." Journal of Green Building 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.3.87.
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The connotations and denotations of the term net-zero-energy solar buildings (NZESBs) have been in constant flux because of continuous developments in solar heating technology, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, building energy-storage technology, regional energy-storage technology, and energy-management systems. This paper focuses on innovative strategies for implementing NZESBs in Nanjing, China. These strategies include integrated architectural design, including passive solar design (respecting climatic characteristics and conducting integrated planning based on the environment, building orientation, distance between buildings, building shape, ratio of window area to wall area, and building envelope) and active solar design (integration of the solar-energy-collecting end of the system – collectors and PV panels – with the building surface – roof, wall surfaces, balconies, and sun-shading devices – and the integration of solar-energy transfer and storage equipment with the building). Some Nanjing-specific recommendations and findings on NZESBs are proposed. The results illustrate that NZESBs can be realized in Nanjing if solar energy technologies are appropriately integrated with the characteristics of Nanjing's geography, climate and buildings.
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Zhu, Qiuyuan, Xinhua Xu, Jiajia Gao, and Fu Xiao. "A semi-dynamic model of active pipe-embedded building envelope for thermal performance evaluation." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 88 (February 2015): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.09.014.
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Zhu, Qiuyuan, Anbang Li, Junlong Xie, Weiguang Li, and Xinhua Xu. "Experimental validation of a semi-dynamic simplified model of active pipe-embedded building envelope." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 108 (October 2016): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2016.05.004.
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Nowak, Henryk, and Paweł Noszczyk. "Applying Active Thermography in the Non-Destructive Investigation of Historical Objects/ Zastosowanie Termowizji Aktywnej Do Badań Nieniszczących Obiektów Zabytkowych." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2015-0026.
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Abstract The paper pertains to the problem of historic building envelope investigation with the use of active thermography. Mainly emphasized is its application in the detection of different material inclusions in historic walls. Examples of active thermography in the reflective mode application and a description of the experimental investigation has been shown on a wall model with the inclusion of materials with significantly different thermal conductivity and heat capacity, i.e. styrofoam, steel and granite. Thermograms received for every kind of envelope are compared and analyzed. Finally, the summary and conclusion is shown along with the prospects of development and practical application of this kind of investigation in historic construction.
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Kalús, Daniel, Daniela Koudelková, Veronika Mučková, Martin Sokol, Mária Kurčová, and Patrik Šťastný. "Parametric study of the energy potential of a building’s envelope with integrated energy-active elements." Acta Polytechnica 62, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2022.62.0595.
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Building structures with integrated energy-active elements (BSIEAE) present a progressive alternative for building construction with multifunctional energy functions. The aim was to determine the energy potential of a building envelope with integrated energy-active elements in the function of direct-heating, semi-accumulation and accumulation of large-area radiant heating. The research methodology consists in an analysis of building structures with energy-active elements, creation of mathematical-physical models based on the simplified definition of heat and mass transfer in radiant large-area heating, and a parametric study of the energy potential of individual variants of technical solutions. The results indicate that the increase in heat loss due to the location of the tubes in the structure closer to the exterior is negligible for Variant II, semi-accumulation heating, and Variant III, accumulation heating, as compared to Variant I, direct heating, it is below 1 % of the total delivered heat flux. The direct heat flux to the heated room is 89.17 %, 73.36 %, and 58.46 % of the total heat flux for Variant I, Variant II and Variant III, respectively. For Variant II and Variant III, the heat storage accounts for 14.84 %, and 29.86 % of the total heat flux, respectively. Variants II and III appear to be promising in terms of heat/cool accumulation with an assumption of lower energy demand (at least 10 %) than for low inertia walls. We plan to extend these simplified parametric studies with dynamic computer simulations to optimise the design and composition of the panels with integrated energy-active elements.
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Gargab, Fatima Zohra, Amine Allouhi, Tarik Kousksou, Haytham El-Houari, Abdelmajid Jamil, and Ali Benbassou. "Energy Efficiency for Social Buildings in Morocco, Comparative (2E) Study: Active VS. Passive Solutions Via TRNsys." Inventions 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6010004.
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This paper aims to highlight the potential of solar water heater installations in Morocco. The project involves the comparison of active and passive solutions for energy efficiency in buildings. To this end, a numerical simulation model of solar water heater installations is created under TRNsys. Three hot water demand scenarios (Low, Standard, and High) were taken into account for the six climatic zones defined in the Moroccan thermal regulation of constructions. The same software (TRNsys) is used to model a pilot building consisting of 16 flats. Energy efficiency actions have been applied to the building envelope (insulation and glazing) and simulations are made for the six areas. The simulation results comparing energy and financial savings show the influence of subsidized gas prices on solar water heaters’ relevance despite significant energy savings. This work proves that solar water heaters will be a primary obligation for Morocco, taking into account changes in butane gas prices.
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Lee, Soonmyung, and Sanghoon Park. "Zero-Energy Building Integrated Planning Methodology for Office Building Considering Passive and Active Environmental Control Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083686.
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The objective of this study is to derive a design methodology for a zero-energy building considering the energy production and consumption of the building. In order to establish the design methodology, various factors affecting the energy production and consumption of the building are derived, and the effect of the heat transmission rate, the surface to volume ratio (S/V ratio), the location and the orientation of the building are analyzed by simulation method. As a result, the S/V ratio and the heat transmission rate are the most important factors in the central region of Korea where consumes large amounts of heating and cooling energy. This is because the final energy consumption varies depending on the heat loss through the envelope. It was confirmed that solar power generation is the most important factor in the southern regions of Korea where the energy consumption is relatively small. The final energy consumption varies depending on the solar power generation in these areas. Therefore, when designing a zero-energy building, the zero-energy of the building can be achieved by using the design methodology established in this study.
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Ibañez-Puy, María, César Martín-Gómez, Javier Bermejo-Busto, José Antonio Sacristán, and Elia Ibañez-Puy. "Ventilated Active Thermoelectric Envelope (VATE): Analysis of its energy performance when integrated in a building." Energy and Buildings 158 (January 2018): 1586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.11.037.
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Carlucci, Francesco, Alessandro Cannavale, Angela Alessia Triggiano, Amalia Squicciarini, and Francesco Fiorito. "Phase Change Material Integration in Building Envelopes in Different Building Types and Climates: Modeling the Benefits of Active and Passive Strategies." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 4680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104680.
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Among the adaptive solutions, phase change material (PCM) technology is one of the most developed, thanks to its capability to mitigate the effects of air temperature fluctuations using thermal energy storage (TES). PCMs belong to the category of passive systems that operate on heat modulation, thanks to latent heat storage (LHS) that can lead to a reduction of heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) consumption in traditional buildings and to an improvement of indoor thermal comfort in buildings devoid of HVAC systems. The aim of this work is to numerically analyze and compare the benefits of the implementation of PCMs on the building envelope in both active and passive strategies. To generalize the results, two different EnergyPlus calibrated reference models—the small office and the midrise apartment—were considered, and 25 different European cities in different climatic zones were selected. For these analyses, a PCM plasterboard with a 23 °C melting point was considered in four different thicknesses—12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 mm. The results obtained highlighted a strong logarithmic correlation between PCM thickness and energy reduction in all the climatic zones, with higher benefits in office buildings and in warmer climates for both strategies.
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Corti, Paolo, Luisa Capannolo, Pierluigi Bonomo, Pierluigi De Berardinis, and Francesco Frontini. "Comparative Analysis of BIPV Solutions to Define Energy and Cost-Effectiveness in a Case Study." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 3827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153827.
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The built environment remains a strategic research and innovation domain in view of the goal of full decarbonization. The priority is the retrofitting of existing buildings as zero-emission to improve their energy efficiency with renewable energy technologies pulling the market with cost-effective strategies. From the first age of photovoltaics (PV) mainly integrated in solar roofs, we rapidly moved towards complete active building skins where all the architectural surfaces are photoactive (Building Integrated Photovoltaics - BIPV). This change of paradigm, where PV replaces a conventional building material, shifted the attention to relate construction choices with energy and cost effectiveness. However, systematic investigations which put into action a cross-disciplinary approach between construction, economic and energy related domains is still missing. This paper provides the detailed assessment of a real multifamily building, taking into account retrofit scenarios for making active the building skin, with the goal to identify the sensitive aspects of the energetic and economic effectiveness of BIPV design options. By assuming a real case study with monitored data, the analysis will consider a breakdown of the main individual parts composing the building envelope, by then combining alternative re-configurations in merged clusters with different energy and construction goals. Results will highlight the correlation between building skin construction strategies and the energy and cost parameters by identifying the cornerstones for enhancing efficiency. The outcomes, related to the total life cost, self-consumption/sufficiency, in combination with different building design options (façade, roof, balconies, surface orientations, etc.), provide a practical insight for researchers and professionals to identify renovation strategies by synergistically exploiting the solar active parts towards lower global costs and higher energy efficiency of the whole building system.
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Al-Yasiri, Qudama M. Q., and Márta Szabó. "Performance Assessment of Phase Change Materials Integrated with Building Envelope for Heating Application in Cold Locations." European Journal of Energy Research 1, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2021.1.1.5.
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Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly investigated in the last years as successful in many thermal energy storage applications. In the building sector, PCMs are utilised to improve building efficiency by reducing cooling/heating loads and promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. This paper shows the recent research works on integrating PCMs with building envelope for heating purposes. The main PCM categories and their main characteristics are presented, focusing on PCM types applied for building heating applications. The main methods adopted to incorporate PCMs with building elements and materials are mentioned, and the popular passive and active incorporation techniques are discussed. Lastly, the main contribution to building energy saving is discussed in terms of heating applications. The analysed studies indicated that all PCMs could improve the building energy saving in the cold climates by up to 44.16% regardless of their types and techniques. Several conclusions and recommendations are derived from the analysed studies that are believed to be a guideline for further research.
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Knaack, Ulrich. "Editorial." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): V. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/jfde.2022.powerskin.00.
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The PowerSkin conference series is a biennial event organised cooperatively between TU München, TU Darmstadt, and TU Delft, which is already in its fourth edition, having started in 2017. This coming edition of PowerSkin has also been supported and organised with the support of RWTH Aachen. The conference addresses the role of building skins in accomplishing a carbon-neutral building stock. Therefore, integrating the environmental dimension of material and construction into the design phase is increasingly essential. This is done primarily by considering the energy and emissions linked to the building fabric's fabrication and its ability for reuse and recycling.
For this reason, the focus of the PowerSKIN Conference 2022 is the building fabric with its environmental potential to unlock. Therefore the theme is: "Build in stock – renovation strategies: inorganic, circular materials vs organic, compostable materials".
This theme is discussed through the following sub-themes:
Envelope: the building envelope as an interface for interacting between indoor and outdoor environments, new functionalities, technical developments and material properties.
Energy: new concepts, accomplished projects, and visions for the interaction between building structure, envelope and energy technologies.
Environment: Façades or elements of façades which aim to provide highly comfortable surroundings where environmental control strategies, energy generation and/or storage are an integrated part of an active skin.
This special issue of the Journal of Façade Design and Engineering dedicated to PowerSKIN 2022 showcases the conference's most prominent and relevant papers, aiming to enhance their visibility for a larger audience.
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Kang, Yiting, Jianlin Wu, Shilei Lu, Yashuai Yang, Zhen Yu, Haizhu Zhou, Shangqun Xie, Zheng Fu, Minchao Fan, and Xiaolong Xu. "Comprehensive Carbon Emission and Economic Analysis on Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings in Different Regions of China." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169834.
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Considering the comprehensive effect of building carbon emissions, cost savings is of great significance in nearly-zero-energy buildings (NZEBs). Previous research mostly focused on studying the impact of technical measures in pilot projects. The characteristics of different cities or climate zones have only been considered in a few studies, and the selection of cities is often limited. At times, only one city is considered in each climate zone. Therefore, this study selected 15 cities to better cover climate zone characteristics according to the variation in weather and solar radiation conditions. A pilot NZEB project was chosen as the research subject, in which the energy consumption was monitored and compared across different categories using simulated values by EnergyPlus software. Various NZEB technologies were considered, such as the high-performance building envelope, the fresh air heat recovery unit (FAHRU), demand-controlled ventilation (DCV), a high-efficiency HVAC and lighting system, daylighting, and photovoltaic (PV). The simulated carbon emission intensities in severe cold, cold, and hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) climate zones were 21.97 kgCO2/m2, 19.60 kgCO2/m2, and 15.40 kgCO2/m2, respectively. The combined use of various NZEB technologies resulted in incremental costs of 998.86 CNY/m2, 870.61 CNY/m2, and 656.58 CNY/m2. The results indicated that the HSCW region had the best carbon emission reduction potential and cost-effectiveness when adopting NZEB strategies. Although the incremental cost of passive strategies produced by the envelope system is higher than active strategies produced by the HVAC system and lighting system, the effect of reducing the building’s heating load is a primary and urgent concern. The findings may provide a reference for similar buildings in different climate zones worldwide.
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Djordjevic, Djordje, Biljana Avramovic, Dragoslav Stojic, and Jasmina Tamburic. "Application of new active thermally enhanced insulation material (PCM) - STOREPET." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (2014): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1403221d.
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Lightweight constructions represent an economical alternative to traditional buildings, one of whose main drawbacks is the very high energy load needed to keep internal comfort conditions, as they are unable to curb rapid variations of temperature. When compared to heavier weight materials buildings, it is estimated that to maintain a thermally comfortable temperature range of 18-24?C, low weight materials use between 2 and 3 times the heating and cooling energy needed by a heavy weight material construction. The research concept is based upon the fact that outdoor/indoor heat exchanges (which play a significant part of lightweight buildings cooling and heating loads) can be potentially controlled by a new fiber insulation that possesses a thermally active heat storage capacity. During the day, when temperature rises, the peak loads can be largely absorbed by a PCM (Phase Change Material) - enhanced fiber insulation layer, only to be slowly discharged back to the environment later (during the night time, when outside temperature drops), without affecting the interior building energy balance, as it is aided by the presence of an standard low heat transfer fiber insulation layer. This approach will provide a much slower response of the building envelope to daily temperature fluctuations, helping in maintaining inside temperature in a comfortable range and thus avoiding the need for extra energy consumptions to accomplish it. Effective levels of indoor comfort will be also guaranteed by the well known fiber materials excellence, when it comes to reduce airborne noise transmission and its superior performance upon controlling the sound resonance in construction cavities. Development of such material is in final phase in frame of European FP7 project STOREPET (FP7-SME-2011-2, Proposal 286730). Project participant from SEE is Construction Cluster ?Dundjer? from Nis. Development and application of project results will be presented in this paper.
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DEWICK, PAUL, and MARCELA MIOZZO. "FACTORS ENABLING AND INHIBITING SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION: THE CASE OF ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS." International Journal of Innovation Management 06, no. 03 (September 2002): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919602000598.
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The domestic building sector across Europe accounts for around 40% of total energy consumption. Mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions have focused on improving the energy efficiency of buildings, both in terms of electricity use and space heating. In addition to improving the thermal properties of the building envelope and developing mechanisms to encourage energy conservation, the use of new energy technologies in new build and retro-fit residential buildings has the capacity to reduce significantly energy consumption. Active solar heating (ASH) systems are one such technology, suitable for widespread use across new and existing buildings in the housing stock, which have the potential to make a significant contribution to sustainable building and regeneration. Their generally slow adoption can be attributed to high capital cost and unknown cost effectiveness, but these factors do not adequately explain considerable differences between European countries in the take-up of new sustainable technologies in construction. This suggests that there are sets of more important factors and institutions inhibiting or facilitating their adoption. This paper examines the structural and institutional factors behind these differentials and draws implications for the management of innovation by construction firms and government policy for those countries under-exploiting the potential of ASH systems. Regulation, legislation and fiscal and financial incentives can encourage innovation and can help to promote solar technology. For countries such as the UK and France, lessons can be learned from the fixed price schemes, direct capital grant support, tax incentives and other such initiatives employed in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. However, manufacturers and suppliers of ASH systems cannot be considered independently of other firms along the building chain. By raising the visibility of the adoption of this sustainable technology, construction firms can benefit their organisations from the reputation for installing this innovation, while confining the risk to this particular technology. Government can also play a role in increasing the capacity of construction firms to identify appropriate sustainable technologies and evaluate their potential costs and benefits.
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Vanaga, Ruta, Jānis Narbuts, Ritvars Freimanis, and Andra Blumberga. "Laboratory Testing of Small Scale Solar Facade Module with Phase Change Material and Adjustable Insulation Layer." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031158.
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Active building envelopes that act as energy converters—gathering on-site available renewable energy and converting it to thermal energy or electricity—is a promising technological design niche to reduce energy consumption in the building sector, cut greenhouse gas emissions, and thus tackle climate change challenges. This research adds scientific knowledge in the field of composite building envelope structures containing phase-change materials for thermal energy storage. In this study, the focus lies on the cooling phase of the diurnal gain and release of solar energy. The experimental setup imitates day and night environment. Six alterations of small-scale solar facade modules are tested in two different configurations—with and without the adjustable insulation layer on their outer surface during the discharging phase. Modules explore combinations of aerogel, air gap, and Fresnel lenses for solar energy concentration. The results allow us to compare the impact of the application of an additional insulation layer at “night” for different designs of solar facade modules. The results show that modules with an air gap provide higher heat gains but do not take full advantage of the latent heat capacity of phase-change materials.
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Kabošová, Lenka, Eva Kormaníková, Stanislav Kmeť, and Dušan Katunský. "Shape-changing tensegrity-membrane building skin." MATEC Web of Conferences 310 (2020): 00046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031000046.
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Building skins are persistently exposed to changes in the weather, including the cases of weather extremes, increasing in frequency due to global climate change. As a consequence of the advancements of digital design tools, the integration of the weather conditions into the design process is much smoother. The impact of the ambient conditions on buildings and their structures can be digitally analyzed as early as in the conceptual design stage. These new design tools stimulate original ideas for shape-changing building skins, actively reacting to the dynamic weather conditions. In the paper, a digital design method is introduced, leading towards the design of a building skin, able of the passive shape adaptation when subjected to the wind. The designed building skin consists of a tensegrity structure where the tensioned elements are substituted by a tensile membrane, creating a self-equilibrated building skin element. In the previous research, a small prototype of this wind-adaptive element was created. The computer simulations are employed to predict the adaptive behavior of a bigger, full-scale building skin element. The before-mentioned building envelope becomes an active player in its surrounding environment, passively reacting to the wind in real-time, thanks to the geometric and material properties. Due to the local shape changes caused by the wind force, the wind can be perceived unconventionally through the adaptive building structure.
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Palumbo, Elisabetta. "Effect of LCA Data Sources on GBRS Reference Values: The Envelope of an Italian Passive House." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071883.
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Scientific literature provides evidence that mitigating the effects of a building’s operation does not in itself ensure an overall improvement in its environmental performance. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) plays a key role in gauging the overall environmental performance of a building although several authors argue that the lack of LCA threshold values makes it difficult to compare design options or measure whether reduced impact targets are achieved. This has led the Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) to include the LCA within their evaluation criteria and, in like Active House (AH), establish threshold values of the main impact categories to quantify the level of performance achieved. Since the reliability of the data sources is a crucial issue for applying the LCA method, the effectiveness of their implementation within the GBRS also strictly depends on the origin of the impact values. To quantify the extent to which the source affects the impacts calculated by the LCA threshold value in AH, the present study compared the outcomes of two assessments carried out in parallel using two different data sources: AH–LCA evaluation tool v.1.6 and the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). A Passive House (PH)-compliant, small residential building was selected as a case study, as this is a standard that excels in ultra-low-energy performance. Moreover, given the crucial role that the envelope plays in the PH standard, the analysis was undertaken on the envelope of a PH-compliant building located in Northern Italy. To stress the influence of embedded effects in a Passive House, the assessment focused on the production and end-of-life stages of building materials. The comparison showed a relevant difference between the two scenarios for all the environmental indicators: e.g., deviations of 10% for Global Warming Potential, 20% for Acidification Potential and Eutrophication Potential, and 40–50% for Renewable Primary Energy.
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Ascione, F., N. Bianco, O. Boettcher, T. Iovane, M. Mastellone, G. M. Mauro, and J. Muehle. "The Cost-Optimal Optimization of public buildings in cold and warm climates: two case-studies in Germany and Italy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012044.
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Abstract Directive EU 844/2018, in the matter of energy performance of buildings and future goals of energy efficiency for the EU Member Countries, extends the standard of nearly zero-energy building goals to the existing building stock, with the mandatory aim of almost complete decarbonization of the whole sector within 2050, and thus a strong reduction of greenhouse gas pollution of about 80-95% compared to the levels of ’90s. In this frame, the present study purposes the multi-objective optimizations of two office buildings, located in Berlin (Germany, European backcountry, “Cfb” climate in the classification of Köppen and Geiger) and Naples (Italy, Mediterranean coast, “Csa” climate classification), with the aim of finding the best trade-off between two couples of contrasting targets, representative of private and public interests, respectively: minimization of indoor thermal discomfort and operational costs, and minimization of indoor thermal discomfort and environmental impact. In addition, an investment cost analysis is performed by optimizing operational costs and total construction costs. The explored and investigated energy conservation measures, to apply during the building retrofit, involve the main levers of energy efficiency, and thus the building envelope, and the active energy systems. The results underline that the cost-optimal energy measures to apply during the building refurbishments deeply differ based on the building usage, the intensity of required indoor comfort, and depending on the climatic peculiarities and building construction technologies.
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Arasteh, Hossein, Wahid Maref, and Hamed H. Saber. "Energy and Thermal Performance Analysis of PCM-Incorporated Glazing Units Combined with Passive and Active Techniques: A Review Study." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031058.
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The building envelope provides thermal comfort, an excellent visual view, and sunlight for the occupants. It consists of two parts: (i) an opaque (non-transparent) part (e.g., walls and roofs) and (ii) a transparent part (e.g., windows, curtain walls, and skylight devices). Recently, the use of fully-glazed facades, especially in large cities, has increased due to their aesthetical and structural advantages. This has led this study to review the performance of the currently passive smart glazing technologies. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as latent energy storage material is the focus of this review, as well as other individual and combined techniques, including shading systems, solar cells (photovoltaic), and chromogenic (thermotropic and thermochromic) materials. PCM-integrated glazing systems have been extensively studied and rapidly developed over the past several decades from the standpoint of unique system designs, such as passive, active, and passive/active mixed designs, intelligent management, and sophisticated controls. In the academic literature, numerous studies on PCM-integrated building envelopes have been conducted, but a comprehensive review of PCM-integrated GUs combined with other passive and active techniques using dialectical analysis and comparing the climatic conditions of each study using Köppen-Geiger climate classification climate classification has been performed only rarely. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to reduce this discrepancy for all types of glazing, excluding glazed roofs. This review article also contains literature tables as well as highlights, limitations, and further research suggestions at the end of each subsection.
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Sung, Wen Pei, Ting Yu Chen, and Ming Hsiang Shih. "Evaluation of Cooling Wall System and Phenolic Resin as Thermal Barrier in Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.861.
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In recent years, thermal barrier technologies have become an important energy-saving for space heating and cooling of residential and commercial buildings in many countries. Building energy efficiency can be improved by implementing either active or passive energy efficient strategies. Improvements to heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems etc. can be categorized as active strategies, whereas, improvements to building envelope elements can be classified under passive strategies. Using cooling wall system and phenolic resin as thermal barrier are one of the effective passive strategies. Cooling wall system is composed of galvanized iron pipes located inside of walls. Fluid flows inside the pipes and then supply constant cooling temperature. In the study, system using of groundwater as renewable energy source for pipes cooling. The groundwater at depth of more than 5 meters below the surface has constant temperature year round. Lower temperature groundwater would cool the pipes of system by heat exchange process to achieve the cooling effect of wall. The phenolic resin is proposed as construction materials to use its thermal insulation property for developing a comfortable living and working indoor environment. The phenolic resin is an environmental friendly material, and an excellent thermal barrier. In this research, cooling wall system and phenolic resin were evaluated to reduce the thermal transfer from sunlight into the buildings, thus reducing the electricity consumption needs for air conditioning of the buildings.
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Aseani, Wingky, Erni Setyowati, and Suzanna Ratih Sari. "PENGARUH MATERIAL KACA SEBAGAI SELUBUNG BANGUNAN TERHADAP BESAR PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA GEDUNG DIKLAT PMI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v3i1.202.
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Abstract: Buildings in the tropical area should be able to anticipate the tropical climate well. Buildings with active systems design need to be planned in such a way that energy use in the building becomes effective and efficient, Setyowati (2015). The envelope of the building became the front guard of radiation into the building. With the right building envelope design, the use of energy in the building can be optimally saved. Building envelope as a building element that enclosesit is a wall and translucent roof or non-translucent light where most thermal and light energy moves through the element. The results show that solar radiation contributes the largest amount of heat entering the building. The concept of OTTV calculates the heat transfer from outside into a building that is conduction through infinite walls of light, sun-glass radiation, and heat conduction on glass. Large solar radiation transmitted through the building envelope is influenced by the building facade, the ratio of the glass area and the overall wall of the wall (wall to wall ratio), and the type and thickness of glass used. If the OTTV value of a building is less than or equal to 35 W / m2, then the building is in compliance with the Energy Efficient Building Terms SNI 03-6389-2011. PMI Training Center Central Java Province as the object of study is a modern building dominated by glass material. The glass used is a hot-colored glass. The result of the OTTV calculation on the East wall of the Central Java Education Center was 33.140 W / m2, on the North Wall was 33.577 W / m2, on the West wall was 41.645 W / m2, at the South wall of 30.468 W / m2. From the OTTV calculation, total OTTV value is 35,5991 W / m2, so it is concluded that the building of PMI Training Center in Central Java Province does not meet the requirement of energy-saving building based on SNI 03-6389-2011. To achieve the ideal value of OTTV energy-saving buildings based on SNI 03-6389-2011 at PMI Training Center Central Java Province, it is necessary to reduce the use of glass to 10.5% of the wall area on the western wall. From the simulation result after repairing on West side wall, total OTTV value is 32.9795 W / m2 in order that PMI Training Center of Central Java Province could fulfilled energy saving building requirement based on SNI 03-6389-2011.Keywords: Building Envelope, Glass, OTTVAbstrak: Bangunan di daerah tropis seyogyanya dapat mengantisipasi iklim tropis dengan baik. Bangunan dengan sistem aktif desain perlu direncanakan sedemikian rupa agar pemanfaatan energi didalam bangunan menjadi efisien, efektif dan hemat, Setyowati (2015). Selubung bangunan menjadi garda depan masuknya radiasi ke dalam bangunan. Dengan desain selubung bangunan yang tepat, maka pemakaian energi didalam bangunan dapat dihemat seoptimal mungkin. Selubung Bangunan sebagai elemen bangunan yang menyelubungi yaitu dinding dan atap tembus atau yang tidak tembus cahaya dimana sebagian besar energi termal dan cahaya berpindah melalui elemen tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa radiasi matahari adalah penyumbang jumlah panas terbesar yang masuk ke dalam bangunan. Konsep OTTV menghitung perpindahan panas dari luar ke dalam bangunan yaitu konduksi melalui dinding tak tembus cahaya, radiasi matahari yang melalui kaca, dan konduksi panas pada kaca. Besar radiasi matahari yang ditransmisikan melalui selubung bangunan dipengaruhi oleh fasade bangunan yaitu perbandingan luas kaca dan luas dinding bangunan keseluruhan (wall to wall ratio), serta jenis dan tebal kaca yang digunakan. Bila nilai OTTV suatu bangunan yang dihasilkan kurang/sama dengan 35 W/m2, maka bangunan tersebut sudah sesuai dengan Syarat Bangunan Hemat Energi pada SNI 03-6389-2011. Gedung Diklat PMI Provinsi Jawa Tengah sebagai objek studi adalah bangunan berlanggam modern dengan dominasi bukaan dinding bermaterial kaca. Kaca yang digunakan adalah kaca berwarna jenis Panasap. Hasil perhitungan OTTV pada dinding Timur Gedung Diklat PMI Provinsi Jawa Tengah sebesar 33,140 W/m2, pada dinding Utara sebesar 33,577 W/m2, pada dinding Barat sebesar 41,645 W/m2, pada dinding Selatan sebesar 30,468 W/m2. Dari hasil perhitungan OTTV didapatkan nilai Total OTTV sebesar 35,5991 W/m2, sehingga disimpulkan bangunan Gedung Diklat PMI Provinsi Jawa Tengah tidak memenuhi syarat bangunan hemat energi berdasarkan SNI 03-6389-2011. Untuk mencapai nilai ideal OTTV bangunan hemat energi berdasar SNI 03-6389-2011 pada Gedung Diklat PMI Provinsi Jawa Tengah, maka perlu dilakukan pengurangan pemakaian kaca menjadi 10,5% dari luas dinding pada dinding sisi Barat. Dari hasil simulasi setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada dinding sisi Barat, didapatkan nilai Total OTTV sebesar 32,9795 W/m2 sehingga Gedung Diklat PMI Provinsi Jawa Tengah memenuhi syarat bangunan hemat energi berdasarkan SNI 03-6389-2011.Kata Kunci: Selubung Bangunan, Kaca, OTTV
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Conceição, Eusébio, João Gomes, and Hazim Awbi. "Influence of the Airflow in a Solar Passive Building on the Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort Levels." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120766.
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The influence of the airflow in a solar passive building on the indoor air quality and thermal comfort levels was investigated. The numerical study for a university library was conducted using a software that simulates the building thermal behavior with complex topology, in transient conditions, for evaluating the indoor air quality and occupants’ thermal comfort levels for typical summer and winter days. Solar radiation was used as a renewable energy source to increase simultaneously the thermal comfort and air quality levels and reduce building energy consumption. Regarding the solar passive building, consideration was given to all of the building structure envelope, shading devices and interior details, while in the solar active building active ventilation was used. To analyze the airflow that simultaneously provides the best indoor air quality and thermal comfort levels, a new integral methodology based on the minimization of the total number of uncomfortable hours was used. The results show that it was possible to determine an air change rate that ensures a good compromise between thermal comfort and indoor air quality. An optimal air change rate of two and three renewals per hour had been determined, respectively, for winter and summer conditions.