Academic literature on the topic 'Active biological transport'

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Journal articles on the topic "Active biological transport"

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Barman, Charles R., Nevin E. Longenecker, and E. Thomas Hibbs. "Active Transport." American Biology Teacher 48, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4448298.

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Fuliński, A. "Active Transport in Biological Membranes and Stochastic Resonances." Physical Review Letters 79, no. 24 (December 15, 1997): 4926–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.79.4926.

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Fuliński, A. "Noise-stimulated active transport in biological cell membranes." Physics Letters A 193, no. 3 (October 1994): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90595-9.

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Hirayama, Hirohumi, Yoshimitsu Okita, and Yuzo Fukuyama. "Optimal control of active transport across a biological membrane." Artificial Life and Robotics 2, no. 1 (March 1998): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02471150.

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Sun, Ke, Yuejia Chen, Xialin Zhang, Changjian Zhao, and Jia Geng. "A Novel Biological Nanopore for Active DNA Transport and Detection." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 584a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3194.

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Koloskova, Olesya O., Uliana A. Budanova, Inga C. Shchelik, Igor P. Shilovskii, Musa R. Khaitov, and Yurii L. Sebyakin. "Examination the Properties of Lipopeptide Liposomes Modified by Glycoconjugates." Nano Hybrids and Composites 13 (January 2017): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.13.82.

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Development of transport systems possessing definite physicochemical and biological properties aimed at the targeted delivery of biologically active compounds remains nowadays among urgent problems of the medicine. In this work we made physical chemical and biological tests liposomal drug delivery systems modified with glycolipids for target properties.
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Petrova, Tatiana V., and Gou Young Koh. "Biological functions of lymphatic vessels." Science 369, no. 6500 (July 9, 2020): eaax4063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax4063.

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The general functions of lymphatic vessels in fluid transport and immunosurveillance are well recognized. However, accumulating evidence indicates that lymphatic vessels play active and versatile roles in a tissue- and organ-specific manner during homeostasis and in multiple disease processes. This Review discusses recent advances to understand previously unidentified functions of adult mammalian lymphatic vessels, including immunosurveillance and immunomodulation upon pathogen invasion, transport of dietary fat, drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humor, possible contributions toward neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, and response to anticancer therapies.
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Hofmann, Alan F., Claudio D. Schteingart, and Jan Lillienau. "Biological and Medical Aspects of Active Heal Transport of Bile Acids." Annals of Medicine 23, no. 2 (January 1991): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853899109148043.

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Inesi, Giuseppe. "The mutual binding exclusion mechanism in active transport across biological membranes." Cell Biophysics 11, no. 1 (December 1987): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02797124.

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Lapointe, Jean-Yves, Marilène P. Gagnon, Dominique G. Gagnon, and Pierre Bissonnette. "Controversy regarding the secondary active water transport hypothesis." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o02-150.

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Historically, water transport across biological membranes has always been considered a passive process, i.e., the net water transport is proportional to the gradients of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure. More recently, this dogma was challenged by the suggestion that secondary active transporters such as the Na/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) could perform secondary active water transport with a fixed stoichiometry. In the case of SGLT1, the stoichiometry would consist of one glucose molecule to two Na+ ions to 220–400 water molecules. In the present minireview, we summarize and criticize the evidence supporting and opposing this water cotransport hypothesis. Published and unpublished observations from our own laboratory are also presented in support of the idea that transport-dependent osmotic gradients begin to build up immediately after cotransport commences and are fully responsible for the cell swelling observed.Key words: Xenopus oocyte, intracellular diffusion, water cotransport, SGLT1.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active biological transport"

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Hsu, Viktoria R. T. "Ion transport through biological cell membranes : from electro-diffusion to Hodgkin-Huxley via a quasi steady-state approach /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6755.

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Zhen, Juan Reith Maarten E. A. "Interaction between the human dopamine transporter and its substrates and blockers." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1221741311&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1177270570&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.
Title from title page screen, viewed on April 22, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Maarten E.A. Reith (chair), Hou Tak Cheung, Stephen M. Lasley, Robert L. Preston, Brian J. Wilkinson. Includes bibliographical references and abstract. Also available in print.
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Hill, David Brooks. "Changes in the number of molecular motors driving vesicle transport in PC12 /." Electronic thesis, 2003. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/206.

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Rheault, Mark Ronald O'Donnell Michael J. "Transport of organic cations and anions by the isolated Malpighian tubules of insects." *McMaster only, 2005.

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Thomson, Robert Brent. "Cellular mechanisms of acid/base transport in an insect excretory epithelium." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31306.

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The cellular mechanisms responsible for rectal acidification in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, were investigated in isolated recta mounted as flat sheets in modified Ussing chambers. In the absence of exogenous CO₂, HCO₃⁻, and phosphate, the isolated rectum (under both open- and short-circuit current conditions) was capable of rates of net acid secretion (J[subscript]H+) similar to those observed in vivo, demonstrating the viability of the preparation and suggesting that rectal acidification was due to proton secretion rather than selective movements of HCO₃⁻ or phosphate. The possibility that trace levels of metabolic CO₂ might be generating sufficient HCO₃⁻ to account for the observed rates of rectal acidification (via HCO₃⁻ reabsorption) was assessed by adding exogenous CO₂/HCO₃⁻ to the contraluminal bath. The small increases in J[subscript]H+ observed after addition of 2% or 5% CO₂ were shown to be due to simple hydration of CO₂ which had diffused into the lumen (from the contraluminal bath), rather than changes in rates of HCO₃⁻ reabsorption. Since measurable quantities of luminal HCO₃⁻ did not directly affect the apical acid/base transport mechanism per se, it was concluded that metabolic CO₂ could not generate sufficient HCO₃⁻ in the lumen to account for the rates of rectal acidification observed under nominally CO₂/HCO₃⁻-free conditions and that J[subscript]H+ must be due to a proton secretory rather than bicarbonate reabsorptive mechanism. Microelectrode measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) and apical and basolateral membrane potentials (Va and Vb respectively) indicated that luminal pH was not in equilibrium with either contraluminal pH or pHi and that the mechanism responsible for active luminal acid secretion resided on the apical membrane. Preliminary measurements of bath total ammonia (ie. NH₃ + NH₄+) levels in the previous experiments suggested that the rectum was actively secreting ammonia at significant rates across the apical membrane into the lumen. If the ammonia crossed the apical membrane as NH₃ rather than NH₄+, rates of luminal ammonia secretion (J[subscript]Amm) would have to be added to J[subscript]H+ to obtain corrected values of luminal proton secretion. In the absence of exogenously added ammonia and CO₂, ammonia was preferentially secreted into the lumen under both open- and short-circuit current conditions. J[subscript]Amm was dependent on the presence of luminal amino acids and was relatively unaffected by K[superscript]+ removal or changes in luminal pH from 7.00 to 5.00. Bilateral Na+ substitution or luminal addition of ImM amiloride reduced J[subscript]Amm by 63% and 65% respectively. The data consistently demonstrate that the rectum secretes significant quantities of endogenously produced ammonia preferentially into the lumen as NH₄+ rather than NH₃ via an apical Na[superscript]+/NH₄[superscript]+ exchange mechanism. Clearly, rates of net acid secretion estimated by titratable acidity do not have to include a correction for luminal ammonia secretion. Although J[subscript]H+ was completely unaffected by changes in contraluminal pH, it could be progressively reduced (and eventually abolished) by imposition of either transepithelial pH gradients (lumen acid) or transepithelial electrical gradients (lumen positive). Under short-circuit current conditions, the bulk of J[subscript]H+ was not dependent on Na[superscript]+, K[superscript]+, CI⁻, Mg₂+, or Ca+ and was due to a primary electrogenic proton translocating mechanism located on the apical membrane. A small component (10-16%) of J[subscript]H+ measured under these conditions could be attributed to an apical amiloride-inhibitable Na[superscript]+/H[superscript]+ exchange mechanism. Inhibition of JH+ by anoxia or reduction of luminal pH unmasked a significant proton diffusional pathway on the apical membrane in parallel with the active proton pump. The fact that J[subscript]H+ was significantly inhibited (42%-66%) by contraluminal addition of ImM cAMP and relatively unaffected by changes in contraluminal pCO₂ or pH suggests that net acid secretion in the locust rectum in vivo is modulated by circulating hormonal factors rather than haemolymph pH or pCO₂ per se.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Bochicchio, Sabrina. "Nanostructured vectors for the transport of active molecules through biological membranes for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2598.

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2015 - 2016
Purpose of the PhD thesis was to develop dedicated lipid nanostructured vectors with tailored features (in terms of size, surface charge, load capability, stimuli responsive ability and stability) through the design of novel production processes expressly developed for nutraceutical and therapeutic agents encapsulation. The preliminary performed review of the main processes used for liposomes production have underlined that the majority of the conventional and more innovative methods adopted show a number of drawbacks such as few product volumes in output (directly linked to the impossibility in scaling up the process), high energy consumption, long times of production together with the use of toxic solvents and other process drastic conditions. To the light of these literature findings and with the aim to produce nanostructured vectors through more sustainable processes, two novel techniques, sharing the ultrasound technology as process intensification tool used in particles size reduction and homogenization operations, were designed and developed to respond to the needs of a better process performance, improving its efficiency and cutting down energy consumption. At first, based on the use of ultrasound as alternative energy resource, a solid particles size reduction process was developed and coupled with the bench scale conventional Thin Film Hydration (TFH) method. This technique provides the generation of a lipid film which is formed after solvents evaporation through the use of a rotary evaporator. The dried film is then hydrated, spontaneously producing micrometric vesicles characterized by the presence of several bilayers. Then the method was revisited by adding the ultrasound assisted step developed in order to produce, in a versatile manner, structures with the desired dimension (on micro/nano scale), starting from the micrometric ones. Four are the main sections composing the set-up to apply this innovative protocol: a feeding section, a solvent evaporation section, a liposomes production/homogenization section and a recovery section. In particular, the homogenization section is composed of a 3 mm sonication tip (operative frequency 20 kHz) which acts on micrometric vesicles sample aliquots. Subsequently to the realization of the production bench scale apparatus, the phenomenology connected to the vectors constitution was investigated and a dynamic model able to describe the curvature of a lipid bilayer under the effect of ultrasonic energy was then proposed and tested. In that regard, starting from micrometric vesicles, the ultrasound energy is used to break the lipid bilayer into smaller pieces, then these pieces close themselves in spherical structures producing small vesicles. Moreover the role of several process parameters were also elucidated. Once established its reliability and due its great potential in reducing time spent, without compromising the integrity of the liposomal systems produced (in terms of structure and load), the ultrasound intensification tool was also used for liposomes homogenization operation during vesicles production through a similmicrofluidic approach. As a matter of fact, in order to produce higher volumes of lipid vectors, potentially on production scale, directly with nanometric size, a simil-microfluidic apparatus was expressly designed and fabricated, overcoming the limitations of the small output volumes typical of the conventional bench scale techniques. There are five main sections composing the realized apparatus: a feeding section, a pumping section, a production section, an homogenization section and a recovery section. In particular the homogenization section is composed of a 6 mm sonication tip (operative frequency 20 kHz) directly immersed in the entire hydroalcholic solution containing nanoliposomes. As previously done, the phenomenological aspects involved in vectors constitution were investigated for this new adopted set-up. In particular, the reproduction of the phenomenology connected to the vesicles formation through a microfluidic approach was achieved by the use of constructive expedients (millimetric diameter of tubes, peristaltic pumps, injection needle). Particularly, nanostructured vectors formation 3 happens at the interfaces between the alcoholic and water phases, when they start to interdiffuse in a direction normal to the liquid flow stream; changes in flow conditions result in size variations of the insertion section of the organic phase reflecting on the vesicles dimensional features. In that regards, taking into account that size and size distribution are key parameters determining liposomes performance as carrier systems in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, a control on the produced nanoliposomes dimensional features was demonstrated by tuning the volumetric flow rates and the lipids concentration process parameters. In particular, it was understood that increasing the ratio between the water volumetric flow rate to the lipids-ethanol volumetric flow rate the liposomes dimensional distibution increases; on contrary, ultrasonic energy enhances the homogenization of the hydroalcoholic bulk and, as expected on the bases of previous studies conducted on smaller volumes, its duty cycle application efficaciously promoted a better vesicles dimensional distribution. This result was also confirmed by working at equal flow rates but at different lipid concentrations. Finally, the developed similmicrofluidic apparatus, working at room conditions and in absence of toxic solvents, makes nanoliposomes production a safe and low cost process, highly productive due to the use of ultrasound which was demonstrated to be a scalable means for process intensification. By using the two developed experimental set-up, several classes of liposomal structures were formulated and produced to respond to specific requests of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Through the ultrasound assisted tool at first coupled with the conventional THF method and subsequently used as integrant part of the homogenization section of the simil-microfluidic apparatus, different active molecules were successfully encapsulated in lipid nanostructured vectors solving the critical issues linked to their naked administration and transport through biological membranes. In particular, nanoliposomes containing vitamins with different hydrophobicity (α-tocopherol, ergocalciferol, vitamin B12) and ferrous sulfate, with highly interesting features for nutraceutical market, were produced achieving stable loaded nanoliposomes with high encapsulation efficiencies and good dimensional features. In details, for vitamins-nanoliposomes productions, neuter vesicles with micrometric size, ranging from 2.9 μm to 5.7 μm, were produced, obtaining, after sonication in duty cycle, small vesicles in the average range of 40 nm to 51 nm in size. High encapsulation efficiency (e.e.) was obtained in both micrometric vesicles, with a e.e. % of 72.0 ± 00 % for vitamin B12, 95.0 ± 7.07 % for α-tocopherol and 81.5 ± 2.12 % for ergocalciferol, and small vesicles, with an e.e. % of 56.2 ± 8.51 % for vitamin B12, 76.3 ± 14.02 % for αtocopherol and 57.5 ± 13.9 % for ergocalciferol (the higher the vitamin hydrophobicity, the higher the encapsulation efficiency). Finally, a comparison between vitamin B12 load achievable with the developed technique and the vitamin load achievable by breaking unloaded preformed liposomes (conventional approach) showed an increase of encapsulation efficiency in small vesicles from 40% to 56.2 %, confirming the effectiveness of the pointed out technique. Regarding the ferrous sulfate-nanoliposomes, their massive production was possible due to the similmicrofluidic approach with a precise control on particles size and size distribution. In particular, the effect of different weight ratios of iron to the total formulation components (0.06, 0.035, 0.02 and 0.01 iron/total components weight ratio) on the final vesicles encapsulation efficiency was investigated obtaining with the last formulation an high encapsulation efficiency (up to 97%). In general, ferrous sulfate loaded nanoliposomes, negative charged, with good dimensional features (127135 nm for not sonicated and 48-76 nm for sonicated liposomes) were successfully produced through the use of the simil-microfluidic method developed, obtaining an elevated process yield if compared to the classical bench scale techniques (THF and Ethanol Injection). For pharmaceutical purposes, anionic nanoliposomes containing a new synthetized peptide (KRX29) for a not conventional heart failures therapy and new, cutting edge, nucleic acids based therapeutics agents (NABDs), used in gene therapy, were successfully produced. 4 Regarding KRX29-nanoliposomes production, micrometric particles of 7.2-11.7 μm were obtained and sized with the use of the developed ultrasound assisted process thus achieving 22 – 35 nm vesicles. The effect of liposomes charge on both peptide encapsulation and recovery efficiencies was at first studied, showing an higher encapsulation efficiency (about 100%) achieved (both in small and large vesicles) by using the higher charge ratio formulation (13:1 (-/+)). Viceversa, the ability to recover the entrapped peptide was obtained for loaded systems (both in small and large vesicles) at the lower charge ratio formulation (1:1 (-/+)). As the charge ratio, also the peptide concentration showed influence on the liposomes encapsulation efficiency. For NABDs complexes production, at first preliminary experiments in which dsDNA was used to simulate the structure of siRNA molecule were done by testing different dsDNA/DOTAP lipid charge ratio (3:1, 5:1 and 7:1 (+/-)) in order to achieve the higher dsDNA encapsulation efficiency in the smaller carrier possible. DOTAP phospholipid was used due to its positive charge. The performed activities have confirmed the versatility of the ultrasound assisted technique for producing micro (2.2 – 2.9 μm) and nano lipid vectors (28 - 56 nm) encapsulating NABDs. In particular, the charge ratio (+/-) variation from 3:1 to 7:1 (+/-) by changing the amount of positive lipid (DOTAP) used in liposome preparation have allowed to an improved e.e. wich was 64 % and 100 % respectively for small and large vesicles by using the 7:1 (+/-) charge ratio. Starting from these preliminary tests, siRNAs-nanoliposomes complexes were produced for the inhibition of E2F1 protein expression, studied as a potential way to treat colorectal cancer associated to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. By the TFH/sonication technique nanoliposomes with 33-38 nm range size and 100% siRNA encapsulation efficiency were obtained. The produced loaded nanoliposomes demonstrated a very low excellent uptake in the cultured human colon mucosa tissues. A remarkable anti-E2F1 expression effect after siE2F1-1324-nanoliposome samples transfection has been demonstrated also in a dynamic human model such the colon tissue microenvironment (i.e. an 80.5% reduction of E2F1 expression respect to the basal tissue was achieved in patient 4), a clear tendency to respond in a patient-dependent way was observed. All the achieved results highlight the potentiality of the purposely designed nanoliposomes in deliver, in a controlled manner, different active molecules for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical purposes. The formulative and the chemical engineering approaches adopted in this thesis for nanostructured vectors production respectively enhance the product quality (nanoparticles with tailored features) and make the process more attractive in terms of improved safety and reduced costs. [edited by Author]
XV n.s. ( XXIX ciclo)
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Karpf, Ditte Maria. "Intestinal lipoprotein secretion and lymphatic transport of poorly aqueous soluble compounds /." Kbh. : The Danish University of Pharmaeutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, 2005. http://www.dfuni.dk/index.php/Previous_PhD_Defences_2005/1735/0/.

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Ianowski, Juan Pablo O'Donnell Michael J. "Mechanisms of transport of sodium, potassium and chloride in Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus and Drosophila melanogaster." *McMaster only, 2004.

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Heard, Karen Schray. "ATP Regulation of Erythrocyte Sugar Transport: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 1999. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/210.

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This thesis examines the hypothesis that human erythrocyte net sugar transport is the sum of two serial processes: sugar translocation followed by interaction of newly imported sugar with an intracellular binding complex from which sugar dissociates into the bulk cytosol. This hypothesis suggests that steady-state transport measurements in the human erythrocyte do not accurately reflect the intrinsic catalytic features of the glucose transporter and unless correctly interpreted, may lead to apparent inconsistencies in the operational behavior of the human erythrocyte sugar transport system. Our results support this proposal by demonstrating that although sugar transport measurements in human red blood cells suggest that transport is catalytically asymmetric, ligand binding measurements indicate that transport must be symmetric. In order to examine the serial compartments hypothesis, we set out to determine the following: 1) identify the component(s) of the proposed sugar binding complex, 2) determine whether cytosolic ATP levels and transporter quaternary structure affect sugar binding to the sugar binding complex, and 3) determine whether the sugar binding site(s) are located within or outside the cell. We present findings which support the hypothesis that the sugar binding complex is in fact the sugar transport protein, GLUT1. The number of sugar binding sites and the release of sugar from the GLUT1 complex are regulated by ATP and by GLUT1 quaternary structure. The sugar binding sites are located on a cytoplasmic domain of the GLUT1 complex. We show how these observations can account for the apparent complexity of erythrocyte sugar transport and its regulation by ATP.
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Lee, Sang-Hyun. "The dynamic nuclear transport regulation of NF-kB and IkBS." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060116.

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Books on the topic "Active biological transport"

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P, Rosen Barry, and Silver S, eds. Ion transport in prokaryotes. San Diego: Academic Press, 1987.

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Malbik, Marek. Biological electron transport processes: Their mathematical modelling and computer simulation. Edited by Rubin A. B and Riznichenko Galina Yurevna 1946-. Chichester, West Sussex: Ellis Horwood, 1990.

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Dansk hypertensions selskab. Scientific Meeting. Ion transport and hypertension: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Scientific Meeting of the Danish Society of Hypertension, Glostrup County Hospital, Copenhagen, April 26, 1985. Oxford: Published for Medisinsk fysiologisk forenings forlag, Oslo by Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986.

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Mary-Jane, Gething, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, eds. Protein transport and secretion. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of H [plus] transport (1993 York, England). Molecular and cellular mechanisms of H [plus] transport. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Felix, Bronner, and Peterlik Meinrad, eds. Cellular calcium and phosphate transport in health and disease: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Calcium and Phosphate Transport Across Biomembranes, held in Vienna, Austria, March 1-4, 1987. New York: Liss, 1988.

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Malík, Marek. Biological electron transport processes: Their mathematical modelling and computer simulation. Edited by Riznichenko Galina Yurevna 1946- and Rubin A. B. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1990.

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Volotovskiĭ, I. D. Transport ionov v fotoret͡s︡eptornoĭ kletke. Minsk: "Navuka i tėkhnika", 1990.

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ADPA/AIAA/ASME/SPIE Conference on Active Materials and Adaptive Structures (1991 Alexandria, Va.). Active materials and adaptive structures: Proceedings of the ADPA/AIAA/ASME/SPIE Conference on Active Materials and Adaptive Structures, 4-8 November 1991, Allexandria, Virginia. Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1992.

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Kosterin, S. A. Transport kalʹt͡s︡ii͡a︡ v gladkikh mysht͡s︡akh. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Active biological transport"

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Cramer, William A., and David B. Knaff. "Active Transport." In Energy Transduction in Biological Membranes, 406–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3220-9_9.

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Friedman, Morton H. "Active Transport." In Principles and Models of Biological Transport, 74–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02467-6_4.

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Friedman, Morton H. "Active Transport." In Principles and Models of Biological Transport, 1–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79240-8_5.

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Kurtz, Stuart, Stephen Mahaney, James Royer, and Janos Simon. "Active transport in biological computing." In DNA Based Computers II, 171–79. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/044/14.

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Stein, W. D. "The Energetics of Active Transport." In The Enzymes of Biological Membranes, 1–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4601-2_1.

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Rhee, H. M. "Active Monovalent Cation Transport in Canine Cardiac Tissues." In Water and Ions in Biological Systems, 419–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0424-9_39.

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Henderson, P. J. F., and H. L. Kornberg. "The Active Transport of Carbohydrates byEscherichia coli." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 31 - Energy Transformation in Biological Systems, 243–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720134.ch14.

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Hitoshi, Hori, Nakagawa Yoshinori, Ojima Hiroshi, Niijima Takehiro, and Terada Hiroshi. "Biologically Active Cyanine Dyes as Probes for the Identification of Active Oxygen Species." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIV, 255–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3428-0_27.

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Plant, Nick. "Modeling Transport Processes and Their Implications for Chemical Disposition and Action." In Understanding the Dynamics of Biological Systems, 59–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7964-3_4.

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Oborská-Oplová, Michaela, Ute Fischer, Martin Altvater, and Vikram Govind Panse. "Eukaryotic Ribosome assembly and Nucleocytoplasmic Transport." In Ribosome Biogenesis, 99–126. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_7.

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AbstractThe process of eukaryotic ribosome assembly stretches across the nucleolus, the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm, and therefore relies on efficient nucleocytoplasmic transport. In yeast, the import machinery delivers ~140,000 ribosomal proteins every minute to the nucleus for ribosome assembly. At the same time, the export machinery facilitates translocation of ~2000 pre-ribosomal particles every minute through ~200 nuclear pore complexes (NPC) into the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic ribosome assembly also requires >200 conserved assembly factors, which transiently associate with pre-ribosomal particles. Their site(s) of action on maturing pre-ribosomes are beginning to be elucidated. In this chapter, we outline protocols that enable rapid biochemical isolation of pre-ribosomal particles for single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and in vitro reconstitution of nuclear transport processes. We discuss cell-biological and genetic approaches to investigate how the ribosome assembly and the nucleocytoplasmic transport machineries collaborate to produce functional ribosomes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Active biological transport"

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Mobilia, Mauro, Tobias Reichenbach, Hauke Hinsch, Thomas Franosch, and Erwin Frey. "Generic principles of active transport." In Stochastic Models in Biological Sciences. Warsaw: Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/bc80-0-6.

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Limberis, Loren, and Russell J. Stewart. "Biological transport in a microfabricated device: active immunochromatography with motorized antibodies." In Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by A. Bruno Frazier and Chong H. Ahn. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.322097.

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Homison, Chris, and Lisa Mauck Weiland. "Coupled Transport/Hyperelastic Model for High Nastic Materials." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79387.

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Work is underway to develop high energy density active materials based upon biological processes. These materials utilize the controlled transport of charge and fluid across a selectively-permeable membrane to achieve bulk deformation in a process referred to in the plant kingdom as nastic movements. The nastic material being developed consists of synthetic membranes containing biological ion pumps, ion channels, and ion exchangers surrounding fluid-filled cavities embedded within a polymer matrix. In this paper the formulation of a biological transport model and its coupling with a hyperelastic finite element model of the polymer matrix is discussed. The transport model includes contributions from ion pumps, ion exchangers, solvent flux, and ion channels. This work will form the basis for a feedback loop in material synthesis efforts. The goal of these studies is to determine the relative importance of the various parameters associated with both the polymer matrix and the biological transport components.
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Sundaresan, Vishnu Baba, and Donald J. Leo. "Experimental Investigation for Chemo-Mechanical Actuation Using Biological Transport Mechanisms." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81366.

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Plants have the ability to develop large mechanical force from chemical energy available with bio-fuels. The energy released by the cleavage of a terminal phosphate ion during the hydrolysis of bio-fuel assists the transport of ions and fluids in cellular homeostasis. Materials that develop pressure and hence strain similar to the response of plants to an external stimuli are classified as nastic materials. Calculations for controlled actuation of an active material inspired by biological transport mechanism demonstrated the feasibility of developing such a material with actuation energy densities on the order of 100kJ/m3 by Sundaresan et. al [2004]. The mathematical model for a simplified proof of concept actuator referred to as micro hydraulic actuator uses ion transporters extracted from plants reconstituted on a synthetic bilayer lipid membrane (BLM). Thermodynamic model of the concept actuator discussed in Sundaresan et. al [2005] predicted the ability to develop 5% normalized deformation in thickness of the micro-hydraulic actuator. Our experimental demonstration of controlled fluid transport through AtSUT4 reconstituted on a 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] (Sodium Salt) (POPS), 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (POPE) BLM on lead silicate glass plate having an array of 50 μm holes driven by proton gradient is discussed here.
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Freeman, Eric, and Lisa Weiland. "Parametric Studies of a Coupled Transport/Hyperelastic Model for High Energy Density Nastic Materials." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43072.

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The focus of this research is to optimize the performance of a high energy density active material based upon biological processes. This material uses controlled transport of charge and fluid across a selectively permeable membrane to achieve bulk deformation, similar to nastic movements in the plant kingdom. The membrane utilizes biological ion pumps, ion channels, and ion exchangers surrounding a spherical inclusion in a polymer matrix. This work examines the effect of the geometry of the inclusion and the surrounding matrix on the predictions of the model.
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Sundaresan, Vishnu Baba, and Hao Zhang. "Chemomechanical Transduction in Hybrid Bio-Derived Conducting Polymer Actuator." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3630.

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Biological ion transport has inspired recent developments in smart materials. The work by Leo and co-workers, Bailey and co-workers has demonstrated the feasibility to design engineered systems using biological ion transporters. The biological and bio-inspired systems utilize ion transport across a barrier membrane for energy conversion. Among smart materials, ionic-active materials demonstrate electromechanical coupling using ion transport across the thickness of the polymer. Inspired by the resemblance between ionic interaction in a conducting polymer and biological membranes, this paper presents a novel actuation mechanism that uses ion transport through a biological membrane to produce shape changes in a conducting polymer actuator. This paper presents the basic architecture, the physics of transduction and analysis of extensional and bending actuation in the hybrid bio-polymer actuator. An extensional actuator of size 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 μm is theoretically found to generate 135 mPa of blocked stress. A bimorph bending actuator of dimensions 10 mm × 1 mm × 2 μm is theoretically found to produce a free-displacement of 0.5 mm using biochemical gradients.
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Albro, Michael B., Roland Li, Rajan E. Banerjee, Clark T. Hung, and Gerard A. Ateshian. "Direct Validation of Active Solute Transport Induced by Dynamic Loading of Porous Hydrated Media." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206028.

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Transport pathways play a key role in maintaining cellular metabolic activity in biological tissues. Efforts to maintain or enhance the transport of nutrients may prove beneficial to the maintenance of native or development of engineered tissue. Various studies have investigated the potential of dynamic mechanical loading to increase the uptake and desorption rates of solutes in articular cartilage [1, 2]. Recently, a novel concept has been theoretically suggested that such dynamic loading of porous deformable media may additionally yield higher steady state concentrations of solutes, beyond those achieved by passive diffusion [3]. The first experimental evidence that dynamic loading can significantly enhance solute uptake over passive diffusion was recently reported for a model system of dextran in agarose hydrogels [4]. The results of this experimental study [4] were interpreted in the context of the earlier theoretical predictions [3], though a direct validation of theory with experiments has not yet been attempted. Therefore, the current study focuses on directly validating the theoretical framework by independently measuring the mechanical and transport properties of agarose hydrogels and dextran solutions experimentally, and substituting these values into the theory to evaluate the predicted solute uptake. These predictions are then compared to the previously reported experimental measurements of uptake of dextran in agarose under dynamic loading [4], for several gel concentrations and solute molecular weights.
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Grattoni, Alessandro, Xuewu Liu, Zongxing Wang, Jaskaran Gill, Arturas Ziemys, and Mauro Ferrari. "Electrokinetic Transport of Molecules Through Nanochanneled Membranes." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13236.

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Our research group was the first one to microfabricate and demonstrate nano-channels in silicon membranes (1, 2). We employed nano-channeled chips to provide immuno-isolation for cell transplantation towards the treatment of diabetes (3), for biomolecular separation (4), and for the controlled passive and active release of drug molecules from implanted capsules (5). We showed that the constraints placed upon molecular agitation in nano-channels affected their concentration-driven transport kinetics (6, 7). A zero-order passive release of biological molecules was achieved, by the rational tailoring of nano-channels dimensions. This achievement allowed releasing of a constant amount of drugs over a long period of time. However, the development and optimization of many drug therapies require long-term drug delivery with controlled but variable dosage using miniaturized systems (8). Moreover, application such as drug release from implanted devices requires tight operational control, of regulatory agency caliber. We have engaged in the development and characterization of elecroosmotic nano-channels membranes, and present our results in this communication. These include the influence of the drug release rate on nanochannel size, membrane configuration, and applied voltage.
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Alexeev, Alexander, Rajat Ghosh, Gavin A. Buxton, O. Berk Usta, and Anna C. Balazs. "Using Actuated Cilia to Regulate Motion of Microscopic Particles." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13227.

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Marine animals use microscopic elastic filaments, or cilia, to capture food particles that are suspended in the surrounding solution [1, 2]. In the respiratory tract, active cilial layers facilitate the transport of particulates such as dust or mucous. These motile cilia experience the surrounding fluid as a highly viscous, low Reynolds number environment, where the effects of inertia are negligible [2]. Nevertheless, by oscillating in a periodic, time-irreversible manner, the elastic cilia can generate net currents within the fluid and thereby, effectively transport and direct microscopic particles. The behavior of these biological cilia provides a useful design concept for creating microfluidic devices where actuated “synthetic cilia” would regulate the movement of micrometer-sized particles, such as biological cells and polymeric microcapsules.
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Escobedo, Carlos, Fatemeh Eftekhari, Jacqueline Ferreira, Paul Wood, Reuven Gordon, Alexandre G. Brolo, and David Sinton. "Nanohole Arrays as Optical and Fluidic Elements for Sensing." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67832.

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Arrays of nanoholes in metal films present several opportunities as surface based sensors in lab-on-chip systems. Metallic nanohole arrays support surface electromagnetic waves that enable enhanced transmission through the holes and have been harnessed for chemical and biological sensing. Nanohole array based sensing performed to date has involved nanoholes that end shortly beyond the metallic film layer on a substrate such as glass. Such dead-ended holes fail to harness the potential of through-hole nanohole arrays including enhanced transport of reactants to the active area and a solution sieving action that is unique among surface-based sensing methods. In this work we investigate the potential of a flow-through-array sensing format.
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Reports on the topic "Active biological transport"

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Barefoot, Susan F., Bonita A. Glatz, Nathan Gollop, and Thomas A. Hughes. Bacteriocin Markers for Propionibacteria Gene Transfer Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573993.bard.

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The antibotulinal baceriocins, propionicin PLG-1 and jenseniin G., were the first to be identified, purified and characterized for the dairy propionibaceria and are produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P127 and P. thoenii/jensenii P126, respectively. Objectives of this project were to (a) produce polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1; (b) identify, clone and characterize the propionicin PLG-1 (plg-1) and jenseniin G (jnG) genes; and (3) develop gene transfer systems for dairy propionibacteria using them as models. Polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1 were produced in rabbits. Anti-PLG-1 antiserum had high titers (256,000 to 512,000), neutralized PLG-1 activity, and detected purified PLG-1 at 0.10 mg/ml (indirect ELISA) and 0.033 mg/ml (competitive indirect ELISA). Thirty-nine of 158 strains (most P. thoenii or P. jensenii) yielded cross-reacting material; four strains of P. thoenii, including two previously unidentified bacteriocin producers, showed biological activity. Eight propionicin-negative P127 mutants produced neither ELISA response nor biological activity. Western blot analyses of supernates detected a PLG-1 band at 9.1 kDa and two additional protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 16.2 and 27.5 kDa. PLG-1 polyclonal antibodies were used for detection of jenseniin G. PLG-1 antibodies neutralized jenseniin G activity and detected a jenseniin G-sized, 3.5 kDa peptide. Preliminary immunoprecipitation of crude preparations with PLG-1 antibodies yielded three proteins including an active 3-4 kDa band. Propionicin PLG-1 antibodies were used to screen a P. jensenii/thoenii P126 genomic expression library. Complete sequencing of a cloned insert identified by PLG-1 antibodies revealed a putative response regulator, transport protein, transmembrane protein and an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding jenseniin G. PCR cloning of the putative plg-1 gene yielded a 1,100 bp fragment with a 355 bp ORF encoding 118 amino acids; the deduced N-terminus was similar to the known PLG-1 N-terminus. The 118 amino acid sequence deduced from the putative plg-1 gene was larger than PLG-1 possibly due to post-translational processing. The product of the putative plg-1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 12.8 kDa, a pI of 11.7, 14 negatively charged residues (Asp+Glu) and 24 positively charged residues (Arg+Lys). The putative plg-1 gene was expressed as an inducible fusion protein with a six-histidine residue tag. Metal affinity chromatography of the fused protein yielded a homogeneous product. The fused purified protein sequence matched the deduced putative plg-1 gene sequence. The data preliminarily suggest that both the plg-1 and jnG genes have been identified and cloned. Demonstrating that antibodies can be produced for propionicin PLG-1 and that those antibodies can be used to detect, monitor and compare activity throughout growth and purification was an important step towards monitoring PLG-1 concentrations in food systems. The unexpected but fortunate cross-reactivity of PLG-1 antibodies with jenseniin G led to selective recovery of jenseniin G by immunoprecipitation. Further refinement of this separation technique could lead to powerful affinity methods for rapid, specific separation of the two bacteriocins and thus facilitate their availability for industrial or pharmaceutical uses. Preliminary identification of genes encoding the two dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins must be confirmed; further analysis will provide means for understanding how they work, for increasing their production and for manipulating the peptides to increase their target species. Further development of these systems would contribute to basic knowledge about dairy propionibacteria and has potential for improving other industrially significant characteristics.
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