Journal articles: 'Active and passive circuits'

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Abuelmaatti, Muhammad Taher, and Muhammad Ali Al-Qahtani. "Active-Only Sinusoidal Oscillator Circuits." Active and Passive Electronic Components 24, no. 4 (2001): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/69690.

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Two new active-only sinusoidal oscillator circuits are proposed. The first circuit uses one current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and four operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The second circuit uses only four OTAs. Without using any external passive elements, voltage (or current) control of the frequency and condition of oscillation, of the two circuits, can be achieved by adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs. The proposed circuits enjoy low sensitivities.

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ITOH, MAKOTO, and LEON O. CHUA. "MEMRISTOR HAMILTONIAN CIRCUITS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, no. 09 (September 2011): 2395–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812741103012x.

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We prove analytically that 2-element memristive circuits consisting of a passive linear inductor in parallel with a passive memristor, or an active memristive device, can be described explicitly by a Hamiltonian equation, whose solutions can be periodic or damped, and can be represented analytically by the constants of the motion along the circuit Hamiltonian. Generalizations to 3-element and 2N-element memristive Hamiltonian circuits are also presented where complex bifurcation phenomena including chaos, abound.

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Maheshwari, Sudhanshu. "Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters Including Minimum Component Count Circuits." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2007 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/79159.

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This paper presents two new first-order voltage-mode all-pass filters using a single-current differencing buffered amplifier and four passive components. Each circuit is compatible to a current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifier with only two passive elements, thus resulting in two more circuits, which employ a capacitor, a resistor, and an active element, thus using a minimum of active and passive component counts. The proposed circuits possess low output impedance, and hence can be easily cascaded for voltage-mode systems. PSPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theory.

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Jagodzińska, Katarzyna, Stanisław Dziura, and Maciej Walkowiak. "Active Impedance Matching." Solid State Phenomena 210 (October 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.210.3.

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Electrically small antenna suffer from the high Q impedance such as narrow bandwidth and poor gain. To improve them, passive impedance matching is often used but it is restricted to a Bode-Fano limit. To skip it, active matching incorporating non-Foster circuits can provide a good solution. Using non-Foster theory, in this paper an active reactance circuit (ARC) design is proposed for application to electrically small antenna prototypes.

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Kalkur, T. S., Tibor Berceli, and Fahrettin Yakuphanoglu. "Active and Passive Microwave Devices and Circuits." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2008 (2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/320956.

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Pal, Kirat, and Seema Rana. "Some New First-Order All-Pass Realizations Using CCII." Active and Passive Electronic Components 27, no. 2 (2004): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0882751031000116188.

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Some new first-order all-pass filters using a second-generation current conveyor are reported. Two circuits have higher input impedance than reported very recently and use a grounded capacitor. Additionally two more circuits have been reported, one of which has minimum passive and active components and has the facility of single resistance tuning. The other circuit has high input impedance and uses two current conveyors but has one passive component less than the similar circuits reported earlier.

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Barboni, Leonardo. "A Novel Passive Circuit Emulator for a Current-Controlled Memristor." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5582774.

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A memristor is an electrical element, which has been conjectured in 1971 to complete the lumped circuit theory. Currently, researchers use memristor emulators through diodes, inductors, and other passive (or active) elements to study circuits with possible attractors, chaos, and ways of implementing nonlinear transformations for low-voltage novel computing paradigms. However, to date, such passive memristor emulators have been voltage-controlled. In this study, a novel circuit realization of a passive current-controlled passive inductorless emulator is established. It overcomes the lack of passive current-controlled memristor commercial devices, and it can be used as part of more sophisticated circuits. Moreover, it covers a gap in the state of the art because, currently, only passive circuit voltage-controlled memristor emulators and active current-controlled emulators have been developed and used. The emulator only uses two diodes, two resistors, and one capacitance and is passive. The formal theory and simulations validate the proposed circuit, and experimental measurements were performed. The parameter conditions of numerical simulations and experiments are consistent. Simulations were performed with an input current amplitude of 15 mA and frequencies of up to 3 kHz and measurements were carried out with an input current amplitude of 0.74 mA and frequency of 1.5 kHz in order to compare with the state of the art.

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Zhang, Shao Hua. "Study and Design of PFC Circuit of LED Driver Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3001.

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Based on the full analysis of the LED drive power of active and passive (PFC) circuit, the active and passive (PFC) circuits of the LED drive power are performed a detailed analysis, and the types, series and mode of the PFC circuit are also described in detail, the working principles of the valley fill circuit and APFC boost converter are mainly analyzed. Based on those studies, an APFC circuit is given by the use of L6562A and a simple application of APFC circuit presented.

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Baratchart, Laurent, Sylvain Chevillard, Adam Cooman, Martine Olivi, and Fabien Seyfert. "Linearized active circuits: transfer functions and stability." Mathematics in Engineering 4, no. 5 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mine.2022039.

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<abstract><p>We study the properties of electronic circuits after linearization around a fixed operating point in the context of closed-loop stability analysis. When distributed elements, like transmission lines, are present in the circuit it is known that unstable circuits can be created without poles in the complex right half-plane. This undermines existing closed-loop stability analysis techniques that determine stability by looking for right half-plane poles. We observed that the problematic circuits rely on unrealistic elements with an infinite bandwidth. In this paper, we therefore define a class of realistic linearized components and show that a circuit composed of realistic elements is only unstable with poles in the complex right half-plane. Furthermore, we show that the amount of right half-plane poles in a realistic circuit is finite, even when distributed elements are present. In the second part of the paper, we provide examples of component models that are realistic and show that the class includes many existing models, including ones for passive devices, active devices and transmission lines.</p></abstract>

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Teng, Jianfu, J. K. Fidler, and Yichuang Sun. "Symbolic Circuit Analysis Using Mathematica." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 31, no. 4 (October 1994): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099403100405.

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Symbolic circuit analysis using Mathematics A method of symbolic circuit analysis using Mathematica is reported. With the powerful symbolic manipulation capacity of Mathematica, symbolic circuit analysis is significantly simplified. The analysed circuits can be passive or active, with active devices modelled by nullors. Non-trivial circuit analysis examples are presented and the program list is given.

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Hruboš, Zdeněk, and Tomáš Gotthans. "Analysis and Synthesis of Chaotic Circuits using Memristor Properties." Journal of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2014-0020.

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Abstract This paper provides an innovative practical realization of a memristor based chaotic circuit. The first part discusses the mathematical analysis of the proposed system, including calculation of an eigenvalues, bifurcation diagram and largest Lyapunov exponents. Another parts deal with circuitry realization and the influence of parasitic properties of active elements. The circuit simulations obtained by PSpice environment and the practical measurement results on a breadboard are presented in the last part of this paper. The main aim of this work is an innovative realization of the memristor based chaotic circuit with one type of energy-storage element (linear passive capacitor) and with simpler construction in comparison to other circuits. The next contribution consists in verification of designed circuit with respect to influence of parasitic properties of active elements to chaos destruction.

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Chaturvedi, Bhartendu, and Sudhanshu Maheshwari. "Single Active Element Based Cascadable Band-Pass Filters for Low-Q Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 05 (April 8, 2015): 1550075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500759.

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The paper presents new single active element based second order band pass filters. The new circuits use single dual-X current conveyor with buffered output and five passive components. The proposed circuits enjoy the features of high input impedance and low output impedance, which are desirable features for voltage-mode circuits. Circuit operation at high frequencies are verified along with non-ideality and parasitic study. The Monte Carlo analysis is also done which justify good sensitivity performances of the proposed circuits. Routh–Hurwitz's stability test is performed to verify the stability of the proposed circuits. For showing the integration aspect, resistorless band-pass filters are also realized. The proposed low-Q filters are useful for cascading. The feature of cascadability is further utilized by showing an application of fourth-order band-pass filter. The performances of the proposed circuits are depicted through Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (PSPICE) simulations, which show good agreement to theoretical applications. The new circuits are expected to enhance the already existing knowledge on the subject.

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KOKSAL, M., M. SAGBAS, and H. SEDEF. "AN ELECTRONICALLY TUNABLE OSCILLATOR USING A SINGLE ACTIVE DEVICE AND TWO CAPACITORS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 05 (October 2008): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004642.

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A novel resistorless oscillator is presented. The proposed structure enjoys electronic tunability property with minimum number of active and passive components. This oscillator uses a current-mode (CM) active device and has properties of current mode circuits. The validity of the proposed circuit is verified by experimental results.

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Maheshwari, Sudhanshu. "Some Analog Filters of Reduced Complexity with Shelving and Multifunctional Characteristics." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 10 (May 24, 2018): 1850150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618501505.

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This paper presents first-order voltage-mode filters using a single current conveyor with an additional X-stage, and passive elements. The new circuits have multifunction capability, and also realize low-shelf, high-shelf and band-shelf functions. The study is carried out on the effects of non-idealities, parasitic elements, and loading on the performance of proposed circuits. Active and passive sensitivities are also analyzed. The active element, extra-X current conveyor used for designing new circuits is simpler than most of the one active element and two passive elements’ based circuits. Detailed comparisons are carried out with relevant available works, and the new circuits are found to be more compact and exhibit higher frequency performances. The simulation results using 0.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS parameters with [Formula: see text]1.25[Formula: see text]V power-supply are shown to verify the proposed circuits. The proposed circuits are also verified through simulations. Experimental support is given using AD-844 ICs to strengthen the validity of the proposed circuits.

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BÖHME, FRANK, and WOLFGANG SCHWARZ. "TRANSFORMATIONS OF CIRCUITS BELONGING TO CHUA'S CIRCUIT FAMILY INTO NONLINEAR FEEDBACK LOOPS MADE OF PASSIVE RC-FILTER AND ACTIVE MEMORYLESS NONLINEARITY." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 03, no. 02 (June 1993): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126693000216.

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This paper deals with the inductor-free realizations of the four known circuits (see Refs. 1, 2) belonging to Chua's circuit family by using a simple feedback system consisting of a linear passive RC-filter and a nonlinear amplifier. The basic approach and the design principles and the parameter ranges, where equivalent RC-circuits can be realized are given.

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Zihajehzadeh, Sh, M. Maroufi, M. Shamshirsaz, and A. H. Rezaie. "Self-sensing and quality factor control circuits for piezoelectric millimeter-sized resonant cantilevers." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 22, no. 17 (October 17, 2011): 2079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11424215.

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For ever-increasing applications of resonant piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) such as biosensors, viscosity, and density sensors, the need for design and implementation of a portable circuit for measuring the resonant frequency shift and/or the variation in the quality factor of PEMC becomes crucial. In this article, active and passive self-sensing bridge circuits are designed, fabricated, and implemented for a PEMC. The performances of these circuits are examined for the resonant frequency and quality factor measurements for vibration of PEMC in two different environments. For this purpose, a parameter-tuning procedure for the passive bridge based on experimental identification of Van Dyke model parameters is proposed and applied for the vibration of PEMC in air and 98% glycerol solution. Also, a compensation method for potential instability of active bridge circuit is proposed and developed experimentally for the vibration of PEMC in these environments. To increase the quality factor, the fabricated passive bridge is used in a designed control circuit, which is based on positive feedback signal proportional to the vibration velocity. The experiments show that with the proposed and implemented control circuit, the quality factor will increase by about 80% in air and 25% in glycerol.

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Shinderuk, Shinderuk Svitlana, Marina Volosyuk, Evgen Chaplygin, and Igor Bilash. "Reactive power transformation using а passive electronic transducer." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 93 (May 27, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.93.0.34.

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Transformation of reactive power into active power, which can be used to perform work for various purposes, is of practical use. Goal. The aim of the work is analysis of the processes of resonant conversion of reactive power into active power in the proposed converter circuit. Methodology. A practical solution to this problem can be real-ized using a converter circuit consisting of two in-ductively coupled parallel and series resonant circuits. The use of a parallel circuit with resonance currents minimizes the impact on the processes in the reactive power source. The use of a series circuit with a voltage resonance allows maximizing the original active power in the converter load. Results. The simplest scheme of a passive electronic converter of reactive power into active power is proposed. The conditions are determined, whose fulfillment minimizes the influence of the proposed scheme on the processes in the reactive power source at the maxi-mum current in the converter load. Originality. Efficiency of the device under test means maximum cur-rent and power in the load with minimum impact on the inductance of the reactive power source. Practical value. The parameters of a real circuit have been calculated, which allows for practically lossless conversion of reactive power into active power with a minimum effect on the current in the source.

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Tyurin, S. F. "Ensuring the dependability of technical facilities through triplication and quadrupling." Dependability 19, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2019-19-1-4-9.

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Redundancy, e.g. structural redundancy, is one of the primary methods of improving the dependability, ensures failsafety and fault tolerance of components, devices and systems. According to the International Patent Classification (IPC), the class of systems and methods G06F11/18 is defined as «using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits, e.g. by quadrupling or by majority decision circuits». Obviously, «fault-masking» masks not only faults, but failures as well. The majority decision circuits (MDC) in the minimal configuration implements a «2-out-of-3» choice. According to the above definition, such redundancy should not require a special decision circuit. However, that is not always the case. In cases when the resulting signal out of a quadruple logic is delivered to, for instance, an executive device, a «3-outof-4» selection circuit is required anyway. Another dependability-improving solution is defined by class G06F 11/20, «using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements». The word «active» is missing here, thus we have active and passive fault tolerance. The paper examines passive fault tolerance that uses triplication and quadrupling and compares the respective probabilities of no-failure.The Weibull distribution is used that most adequately describes dependability in terms of radiation durability under the effects of heavy ions. It shows that in a number of cases quadrupling has a lower redundancy than triplication. A formula is proposed that describes the conditions of preferability of quadrupling at transistor level.

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Yang, Yan Gui, Min Xun Lu, Zhi Xin Chen, Bao Fu Xu, and Yun Jie Wang. "Heave Compensation System for Base Plate Used in Deep-Water Exploration Ship." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.74.

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This paper presents a heave compensation system for base plate used in 3000m deep-water exploration ship according to the sea conditions and the compensation requirements. The heave compensation system consists of a passive heave compensation system and an active heave compensation system. The passive heave compensation system with two hydraulic circuits and two air circuits is described, and the working principle is analyzed. The active heave compensation system, which consists of the hydraulic compensation cylinder, the hydraulic system using the closed-circuit and the electrical control system, is also established, and the working principle is investigated. The heave compensation system can keep compensation tension in the wire rope within certain range and make the rod run at design range (±500mm), which can avoid the serious equipment damage and a safety hazard to operators.

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Paul, Tapas Kumar, Suvajit Roy, and Radha Raman Pal. "Tunable Lossy and Lossless Grounded Inductors Using Minimum Active and Passive Components." International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation 11, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2021.7354.

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In this contribution, nine new Grounded Inductance Simulators (GISs) using a single Multiple-Output Current Controlled Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (MO-CCCCTA) and one grounded capacitor are proposed. Among them, two are lossless types and seven are lossy types. The use of a single grounded capacitor makes the circuits suitable for fabrication. All the proposed circuits are electronically tunable through the bias currents of MO-CCCCTA. Furthermore, no component matching conditions are needed for realizing them. The designed circuits are verified through PSPICE simulator with ± 0.9 V power supply. The simulation results show that for all the proposed circuits: maximum operating frequencies are about 12 MHz, power dissipation is less than 0.784 mW, Total Harmonic Distortions (THDs) are under 8.09%, and maximum output voltage noise at 1 MHz frequency is 14.094 nV/√Hz. To exhibit the workability of the proposed circuits, they are used to design band-pass, low-pass filter, parallel RLC resonator, and parasitic inductance cancelator.

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Hess, Dean. "Ventilator Circuits, Humidification and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia." Canadian Respiratory Journal 3, no. 6 (1996): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/972402.

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Technical issues in the care of mechanically ventilated patients include those related to the ventilator circuit, humidification and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Principal issues related to ventilator circuits include leaks and compression volume. Circuit compression volume affects delivered tidal volume as well as measurements of auto-positive end-expiratory pressure and mixed expiredPCO2. Resistance through the ventilator circuit contributes to patient-ventilator dyssynchrony during assisted modes of mechanical ventilation. Adequate humidification of inspired gas is necessary to prevent heat and moisture loss. Common methods of humidification of inspired gas during mechanical ventilation include use of active heated humidifiers and passive artificial noses. Artificial noses are less effective than active humidifiers and are best suited to short term use. With active humidifiers, the circuit can be heated to avoid condensate formation. However, care must be exercised when heated circuits are used to avoid delivery of a low relative humidity and subsequent drying of secretions in the artificial airway. Although pneumonia is a complication of mechanical ventilation, these pneumonias are usually the result of aspiration of pharyngeal secretions and are seldom related to the ventilator circuit. Ventilator circuits do not need to be changed more frequently than weekly for infection control purposes, and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be greater with more frequent circuit changes.

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B.T., Prashant Singh, Babu Bobba Phaneendra, and K. Suresh. "Extensive review on Supercapacitor cell voltage balancing." E3S Web of Conferences 87 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198701010.

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This paper explains about the supercapacitor cell voltage balancing circuits by comparing different topologies with regard to parameters like cost, balancing time, weight of the components used and control of switches. The advantage of supercapacitor over battery made to overcome weight and faster responding source problems. In supercapacitor bank cell voltages differ from each other which effects the performance of the device. Passive circuits consume power from cell for balancing but active circuits consume power from source. Many topologies are considered in this paper for different ratings and with different components. Balancing circuit is selected based upon total number of components in the balancing circuit, many components make circuit less reliable, complex and also increase the cost for balancing.

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23

Funato, Hirohito, and Atsuo Kawamura. "Active-Passive Power Circuit." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 113, no. 5 (1993): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.113.601.

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Funato, Hirohito, and Atsuo Kawamura. "Active-passive power circuit." Electrical Engineering in Japan 114, no. 4 (1994): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391140412.

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Sun, Chein-Chung, Chun-Hung Chou, Yu-Liang Lin, and Yu-Hua Huang. "A Cost-Effective Passive/Active Hybrid Equalizer Circuit Design." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062000.

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This paper proposes a novel hybrid equalizer circuit (HEC) for a battery management system (BMS) to implement the passive HEC (P-HEC), active HEC (A-HEC), or active/passive (AP-HEC) with the same equalizer circuit architecture. The advantages of an HEC are that it is simple, cost-effective, highly energy efficient, and fail safe. The P-HEC can further use a cooling fan or heater instead of a conventional resistor as a power dissipation element to convert the energy of the waste heat generated by the resistor to adjust the battery temperature. Even if the P-HEC uses the resistor to consume energy as in conventional methods, the P-HEC still dramatically improves the component lifetime and reliability of the BMS because the waste heat generated by the equalizer resistor is outside of the BMS board. Three significant advantages of an A-HEC are its (1) low cost, (2) small volume, and (3) higher energy efficiency than the conventional active equalizer circuits (AECs). In the HEC design, the MOSFETs of the switch array do not need high-speed switching to transfer energy as conventional AECs with DC/DC converter architecture because the A-HEC uses an isolated battery charger to charge the string cell. Therefore, the switch array is equal to a cell selector with a simple ON/OFF function. In summary, the HEC provides a small volume, cost-effective, high efficiency, and fail-safe equalizer circuit design to satisfy cell balancing demands for all kinds of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs).

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Ying, Jiajie, Yan Liang, Fupeng Li, Guangyi Wang, and Yiran Shen. "Complex Oscillations of Chua Corsage Memristor with Two Symmetrical Locally Active Domains." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040665.

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This paper proposes a modified Chua Corsage Memristor endowed with two symmetrical locally active domains. Under the DC bias voltage in the locally active domains, the memristor with an inductor can construct a second-order circuit to generate periodic oscillation. Based on the theories of the edge of chaos and local activity, the oscillation mechanism of the symmetrical periodic oscillations of the circuit is revealed. The third-order memristor circuit is constructed by adding a passive capacitor in parallel with the memristor in the second-order circuit, where symmetrical periodic oscillations and symmetrical chaos emerge either on or near the edge of chaos domains. The oscillation mechanisms of the memristor-based circuits are analyzed via Domains distribution maps, which include the division of locally passive domains, locally active domains, and the edge of chaos domains. Finally, the symmetrical dynamic characteristics are investigated via theory and simulations, including Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagrams, and dynamic maps.

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SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE TOW–THOMAS BIQUADRATIC FILTER PART II: OTRA, CCII, AND DVCC REALIZATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 05 (October 2008): 797–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004691.

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The realization of the Tow–Thomas (TT) circuit using the Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) is reviewed. The circuit employs two OTRA, and all passive elements are floating as the original Tow–Thomas circuit. The Current Conveyor (CCII) TT circuits are reviewed next. The progress in the realization of the TT circuit using CCII is demonstrated clearly by summarizing eight different circuits. One of the circuits has the advantage of very high input impedance using all grounded resistors and capacitors. The Differential Voltage Current Conveyor (DVCC) as the active building block in realizing the TT circuit is also considered. Finally, current mode TT circuits using balanced output CCII are summarized. Top Spice (level 49), simulation results using technology SCN 05 feature size 0.5 μm from MOSIS vendor: AGILENT are included to demonstrate the magnitude and phase frequency response of the TT circuits. Additional simulation results for the total power dissipation, total harmonic distortion, intermodulation IM3, input and output referred noise spectral densities are also included for comparison purposes.

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Walde, Dr Nisha, and Mr Prashant Kumar Mavi. "Novel Multifunction Filter using Current Feedback Amplifier." Transactions on Networks and Communications 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tnc.91.8122.

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One configuration for realizing voltage- mode multifunction filters using current feedback amplifiers (CFOA) is presented. The proposed voltage -mode circuit exhibit simultaneously low pass and band pass filters. The proposed circuits offer the following features: No requirements for component matching conditions; low active and passive sensitivities; employing only grounded capacitors and the ability to obtain multifunction filters from the same circuit configuration.

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Hu, Chong, Teh Hua Ju, and Yong Yao. "Single-Element Passive Quenching with Active Reset Circuit for Single Photon Avalanche Diodes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3709.

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A single-element passive quenching with active reset (PQAR) circuit is proposed. Its operation mechanism is studied in theory to show that this single element, based on thyristor, can provide similar function of quenching and reset for the free-running Geiger-mode operation of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) as the conventional PQAR circuits, but with significant simplicity. Requirement for the thyristor is identified, and an InP sample was designed, fabricated and characterized. Future work for further demonstration is also discussed.

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Pietrzko, Stanislaw, and Qibo Mao. "Reduction of Structural Sound Radiation and Vibration Using Shunt Piezoelectric Materials." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.882.

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In this paper, structural sound and vibration control using passive and semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping circuits is presented. A piezoelectric patch with an electrical shunt circuit is bonded to a base structure. When the structure vibrates, the piezoelectric patch strains and transforms the mechanical energy of the structure into electrical energy, which can be effectively dissipated by the shunt circuit. Hence, the shunt circuit acts as a means of extracting mechanical energy from the base structure. First, different types of shunt circuits (such as RL series circuit, RL parallel circuit and RL-C circuit), employed in the passive damping arrangement, are analyzed and compared. By using the impedance method, the general modelling of different shunt piezoelectric damping techniques is presented. The piezoelectric shunt circuit can be seen as additional frequency-dependence damping of the system. One of the primary concerns in shunt damping is to choose the optimal parameters for shunt circuits. In past efforts most of the proposed tuning methods were based on modal properties of the structure. These methods are used to minimize the response of a particular structural mode whilst neglecting the contribution of the other modes. In this study, a design method based on minimization of the sound power of the structure is proposed. The optimal parameters for shunt circuits are obtained using linear quadratic optimal control theory. In general, the passive shunt circuit techniques are an effective method of modal damping. However, the main drawback of the passive shunt circuit is that the shunt piezoelectric is very sensitive to tuning errors and variations in the excitation frequency. To overcome this problem, the pulse-switching shunt circuit, a semi-active continuous switching technique in which a RL shunt circuit is periodically connected to a bonded piezoelectric patch, is introduced as structural damping. The switch law for pulse-switching circuit is discussed based on the energy dissipation technique. Compared with a standard passive piezoelectric shunt circuit, the advantages of the pulse-switching shunt circuit is a small required shunt inductance, a lower sensitivity to environmental changes and easier tuning. Very low external power for the switch controller is required so it may be possible to extract this energy directly from the vibration of the structure itself. Numerical simulations are performed for each of these shunts techniques focusing on minimizing radiated sound power from a clamped plate. It is found that the RL series, RL parallel and pulse-switching circuits have basically the same control performance. The RL–C parallel circuit allows us to reduce the value of the inductance L due to the insertion of an external capacity C. However, the control performance will be reduced simultaneously. The pulse-switching circuit is more stable than RL series circuit with regard to structural stiffness variations. Finally, experimental results are presented using an RL series/parallel shunt circuit, RL-C parallel shunt circuit and pulse-switching circuit. The experimental results have shown that the vibration and noise radiation of a structure can be reduced significantly by using these shunt circuits. The theoretical and experimental techniques presented in this study provide a valuable tool for effective shunt piezoelectric damping.

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31

Miya, T. "Silica-based planar lightwave circuits: passive and thermally active devices." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 6, no. 1 (January 2000): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2944.826871.

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32

Lin, Charles Chih-Chin, Po-Han Chang, Yiwen Su, and Amr S. Helmy. "Monolithic Plasmonic Waveguide Architecture for Passive and Active Optical Circuits." Nano Letters 20, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 2950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04612.

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33

Craig, Steven R., Bohan Wang, Xiaoshi Su, Debasish Banerjee, Phoebe J. Welch, Mighten C. Yip, Yuhang Hu, and Chengzhi Shi. "Extreme material parameters accessible by active acoustic metamaterials with Willis coupling." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 3 (March 2022): 1722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009771.

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Active acoustic metamaterials incorporate electric circuit elements that input energy into an otherwise passive medium to aptly modulate the effective material properties. Here, we propose an active acoustic metamaterial with Willis coupling to drastically extend the tunability of the effective density and bulk modulus with the accessible parameter range enlarged by at least two orders of magnitude compared to that of a non-Willis metamaterial. Traditional active metamaterial designs are based on local resonances without considering the Willis coupling that limit their accessible effective material parameter range. Our design adopts a unit cell structure with two sensor-transducer pairs coupling the acoustic response on both sides of the metamaterial by detecting incident waves and driving active signals asymmetrically superimposed onto the passive response of the material. The Willis coupling results from feedback control circuits with unequal gains. These asymmetric feedback control circuits use Willis coupling to expand the accessible range of the effective density and bulk modulus of the metamaterial. The extreme effective material parameters realizable by the metamaterials will remarkably broaden their applications in biomedical imaging, noise control, and transformation acoustics-based cloaking.

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Soltanirad, Arshia, Hafisoh Ahmad, Hoon Yap, and Hafizul A. Ismail. "Implementation Of Active RFIDs In Inventory Systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2222, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012001.

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Abstract The commoditization of integrated circuits has revolutionized the world of IoT based networks. Supply chain management relies heavily on the application of passive RFID tags for inventory management. However, this technology is outdated and does not provide real-time monitoring for warehouse administration. Moreover, due to the high error rate of traditional passive RFIDs, active RFIDs are graded higher in terms of operational efficiency. The biggest challenge in the deployment of active RFIDs in inventory systems is high power consumption. The passive RFIDs were favored due to their lack of dependency on an internal power supply. The inception of low power long range radio modules has fully transformed the range of applications for active RFIDs. The long range low power active RFIDs are used to develop IoT ecosystems for the purpose of creating a smart supply chain management system. In this research, the hierarchical wireless mesh network consists of three levels; the end node, the concentrator and the gateway. The model takes advantage of low power long range radios to design a system that can monitor and track inventory in a warehouse. The unique circuit has small and compact properties that has the potential to be deployed in real life warehouses.

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Okude, Satoshi, Kazushisa Itoi, Masahiro Okamoto, Nobuki Ueta, and Osamu Nakao. "Active and Passive Devices Embedded in Laminate-Based Multilayer Board." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (January 1, 2012): 001253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-tp44.

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We have developed active and passive devices embedded multilayer board utilizing our laminate-based WLCSP embedding technology. The proposed embedded board is realized by laminating plural circuit formed polyimide films together by adhesive with thin devices being arranged in between those polyimide layers. The electrical connection via has a filled via structure composed of the alloy forming conductive paste which ensures high reliable connection. The embedded active device is WLCSP which has no solder bump on its pads therefore the thickness of the die is reduced to 80 microns. The embedded passive device is a chip resistor or capacitor whose thickness is 150 microns with copper electrodes. The electrical connection between components and board's circuits are made by same conductive paste vias. The thin film based structure and low profile devices yields the 260 microns thickness board which is the thinnest embedded of its kind in the world. To confirm the reliability of the embedded board, we have performed several reliability tests on the WLCSP and resistors embedded TEG board of 4 polyimide/5 copper circuit layers. As environmental tests, we performed a moisture reflow test compliant to JEDEC MSL2 followed by a thermal cycling test (−55 deg.C to 125 deg.C, 1000cycles) and a high temperature storage test (150 deg.C). All tested samples passed the moisture reflow test and showed no significant change of circuit resistance after the thermal cycling/high temperature storage tests. Moreover, mechanical durability of the board was also confirmed by bending the devices embedded portion. The embedded device was never broken and the circuit resistance change was also within acceptable range. The proposed embedded board will open up a new field of device packaging. Alan/Rey ok move from Flip Chip and Wafer Level Packaging 1-3-12.

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Faseehuddin, Mohammad, Jahariah Sampe, and Sawal Hamid Md Ali. "Grounded Impedance Simulator Topologies Employing Minimum Passive Elements." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.28 (May 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.28.12871.

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In this research three new grounded inductance simulators (GIS) are proposed. In addition, frequency dependent negative resistor (FDNR) and grounded capacitor (GC) simulators are also developed. The voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) is utilized in the design. All the developed simulator circuits need a single active block and only two grounded passive components. All the designed simulator circuits are perfectly tunable and did not suffer from passive component matching constraints. To demonstrate the performance of the inductor, FDNR and GC circuits they are employed in designing current mode parallel RLC multifunction filter, low pass third order Butterworth filter and RLC resonance circuits. The VDCC is designed in 0.18μm CMOS technology parameters from TSMC and simulated in P-Spice software to prove the theoretical predictions.

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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Muhammad Haroon Khan. "On the Stability of Resistively Variable Capacitors Using General Impedance Converters." Active and Passive Electronic Components 18, no. 2 (1995): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/39168.

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The stability of three recently proposed circuits for realizing resistively variable capacitors is studied. It is shown that the circuits may oscillate for practical values of active and passive components. Simulation and experimental results are included.

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38

Wickenheiser, Adam M., and Ephrahim Garcia. "Power Optimization of Vibration Energy Harvesters Utilizing Passive and Active Circuits." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 21, no. 13 (July 5, 2010): 1343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x10376678.

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SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE KERWIN–HUELSMAN–NEWCOMB FILTER GENERATION AND OP AMP REALIZATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 04 (August 2008): 637–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004551.

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The history of Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) second-order filter is reviewed. A generation method of the KHN filter from passive RLC filter is presented. Two alternative forms of the KHN circuit using operational amplifier are reviewed. The effect of finite gain-bandwidth of the op amps is considered and expressions of the actual ω0 and Q are given. Two KHN circuits with inherently stable Q factor are also included. Two new partially compensated inverted KHN circuits are introduced. Active compensation methods to improve the KHN and the inverted KHN circuit performance for high Q designs are summarized. Spice simulation results are given. The progress of the KHN realizations using the current conveyor is also summarized briefly.

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Horng, Jiun Wei, Pei-Young Chou, and Jian-Yu Wu. "Voltage/Current-Mode Multifunction Filters Using Current-Feedback Amplifiers and Grounded Capacitors." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/785631.

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One configuration for realizing voltage-mode multifunction filters and another configuration for realizing current-mode multifunction filters each using two current-feedback amplifiers (CFAs) are presented. The proposed voltage-mode circuit exhibits simultaneously lowpass, bandpass, and highpass filters. The proposed current-mode circuit also exhibits simultaneously lowpass, bandpass, and highpass filters. The proposed circuits offer the following features: no requirements for component matching conditions, low active and passive sensitivities, employing only grounded capacitors, and the ability to obtain multi-function filters from the same circuit configuration.

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CHEN, HUA-PIN, and KUO-HSIUNG WU. "VOLTAGE-MODE DDCC-BASED MULTIFUNCTION FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 01 (February 2007): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607003447.

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Two new voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic filter configurations were proposed. The first proposed high-input impedance multifunction filter with single input and four outputs, which can simultaneously realize voltage-mode low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass filter responses employing all grounded passive components. The second proposed configuration is a slight modification of the first proposed circuit. It leads two more notch and all-pass transfer functions than the first proposed circuit. Moreover, both the proposed circuits still offer the following advantages: (i) orthogonal control of ωo and Q, (ii) low active and passive sensitivity performances, (iii) simpler configuration due to the use of noninverting type differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs) only.

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42

Agrawal, D., and S. Maheshwari. "An Active-C Current-Mode Universal First-Order Filter and Oscillator." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 13 (January 30, 2019): 1950219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502190.

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This paper presents an electronically tunable current-mode first-order universal filter. The proposed circuit employs only a single Extra-X Current-Controlled Conveyor (EX-CCCII) and a single grounded capacitor, which is suitable for IC implementation. The circuit can realize three current transfer functions simultaneously, namely low-pass, high-pass and all-pass. The proposed circuit exhibits low-input and high-output impedance, which is suitable for cascading. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically tuned, by varying the bias current of EX-CCCII. The nonidealities and parasitic effects on the circuit performance are investigated in detail. Also, the Monte Carlo analysis is done to show the effect of active and passive element mismatches on the pole frequency. An eight-phase current-mode sinusoidal oscillator and current-mode second-order filter are further realized using the proposed circuit. The functionality of the proposed circuits is verified through PSPICE simulations, using 0.25-[Formula: see text]m TSMC CMOS technology parameters.

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Chen, Jianjun, and Kexiu Rong. "Nanophotonic devices and circuits based on colloidal quantum dots." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 12 (2021): 4502–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm01118e.

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Colloidal quantum dots provide a powerful platform to achieve numerous classes of solution-processed photonic devices. This review summarizes the recent progress in CQD-based passive and active nanophotonic devices as well as nanophotonic circuits.

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44

Donati Guerrieri, Simona, Chiara Ramella, Eva Catoggio, and Fabrizio Bonani. "Bridging the Gap between Physical and Circuit Analysis for Variability-Aware Microwave Design: Power Amplifier Design." Electronics 11, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182832.

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Process Induced Variability (PIV) stemming from fabrication tolerance can impact the performance of integrated circuits. This issue is particularly significant at high frequencies, since Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs) rely on advanced semiconductor technologies exploiting device sizes at the nanoscale in conjunction with complex passive structures, featuring both distributed elements (transmission lines) and lumped components. Black-box (behavioral) models extracted from accurate physical simulations can be profitably exploited to incorporate PIV into circuit-level MMIC analysis. In this paper, these models are applied to the statistical analysis of a single and of a combined MMIC power amplifier designed in GaAs technology for X-band applications. The relative impact of the active device variability towards the passive matching networks one is evaluated, demonstrating the relevance of PIV. The significant spread found, with only two variable parameters, confirms the importance of a PIV-aware PA design approach, with suitable margins and careful network optimization.

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45

Bandler, Richard, Kevin A. Keay, Nicole Floyd, and Joseph Price. "Central circuits mediating patterned autonomic activity during active vs. passive emotional coping." Brain Research Bulletin 53, no. 1 (September 2000): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00313-0.

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Mao, Qi Bo. "Control of Structural Vibration Using Shunt Piezoelectric Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.3.

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In this study, structural vibration control using semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping circuits is presented. A piezoelectric patch with an electrical shunt circuit is bonded to a base structure. When the structure vibrates, the piezoelectric patch strains and transforms the mechanical energy of the structure into electrical energy, which can be effectively dissipated by the shunt circuit. Hence, the shunt circuit acts as a means of extracting mechanical energy from the base structure. In this study, a pulse-switching circuit is imposed as the semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping to reduce the structural vibration. The switch-law for the pulse-switching circuit is discussed in detail, and the detailed numerical calculations are given and discussed. It is found that the pulse-switching circuit is more stable than passive piezoelectric circuit (such as RL series circuit) with regard to structural stiffness variations.

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47

Alimisis, Vassilis, Christos Dimas, Georgios Pappas, and Paul P. Sotiriadis. "Analog Realization of Fractional-Order Skin-Electrode Model for Tetrapolar Bio-Impedance Measurements." Technologies 8, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies8040061.

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This work compares two design methodologies, emulating both AgCl electrode and skin tissue Cole models for testing and verification of electrical bio-impedance circuits and systems. The models are based on fractional-order elements, are implemented with active components, and capture bio-impedance behaviors up to 10 kHz. Contrary to passive-elements realizations, both architectures using analog filters coupled with adjustable transconductors offer tunability of the fractional capacitors’ parameters. The main objective is to build a tunable active integrated circuitry block that is able to approximate the models’ behavior and can be utilized as a Subject Under Test (SUT) and electrode equivalent in bio-impedance measurement applications. A tetrapolar impedance setup, typical in bio-impedance measurements, is used to demonstrate the performance and accuracy of the presented architectures via Spectre Monte-Carlo simulation. Circuit and post-layout simulations are carried out in 90-nm CMOS process, using the Cadence IC suite.

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48

Dér, András. "Special Issue on Versatile Organ-on-a-Chip Devices." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121444.

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The tremendous success of microelectronics at the end of the 20th century, often symbolized by “Moore’s law”, is based on miniaturization of the active and passive elements of electronic circuits [...]

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Premkumar, M., and T. R. Sumithira. "Design and Implementation of New Topology for Nonisolated DC–DC Microconverter with Effective Clamping Circuit." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 05 (May 2019): 1950082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500828.

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This paper presents nonisolated DC–DC converter which suits for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. The DC–DC converter proposed in this paper utilizes coupled inductor, voltage boost capacitor and passive clamp circuit to achieve desired voltage gain and the passive clamp circuit will help the converter to accomplish high efficiency. To minimize the voltage spike/ringing across MOSFET drain-source and to recover the coupled inductor leakage energy, the RCD clamp circuit is used. The voltage lift capacitor along with the clamp circuit helps in increasing the voltage gain of the converter. The proposed converter offers low voltage stress on MOSFET and diode, low-coupled inductor turns ratio with low duty cycle. The converter is analyzed and simulated with PLECS standalone simulating environment for all aspects of the clamp circuit. The simulation results are compared with RCD and other clamping circuits to verify the performance of the proposed converter. The converter is also compared with active clamping to discuss the effectiveness of passive clamping circuit. To track the maximum power from the solar PV module, the conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used. The prototype is designed and implemented for 150W and experimental results are verified.

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Singh, S. V., R. S. Tomar, and D. S. Chauhan. "Single CFTA Based Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filter." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol13iss2pp172-186.

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This paper introduces a new current-mode (CM) universal biquad filter structure with optimum number of active and passive elements. In the design, the proposed circuit uses a single active element namely, current follower trans-conductance amplifier (CFTA) and two grounded capacitors as passive elements. The main feature of the proposed circuit is that it can realize all five standard filtering functions such as low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band stop (BS) and all pass (AP) responses across an explicit high impedance output terminal through the appropriate selection of three inputs. In addition, the same circuit is also capable to simultaneously realize three filtering functions (LP, BP and HP) by the use of single current input signal. Moreover, the proposed structure is suited for low voltage, low power operations and offers the feature of electronic tunability of pole-frequency and quality factor. Further to extend the utility of the proposed circuit block higher order current-mode filters are also realized through direct cascading. A detailed non-ideal and parasitic study is also included. The performance of the circuits has been examined using standard 0.25 μ m CMOS parameters from TSMC.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Active and passive circuits'

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