Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activation/tolérance des lymphocytes T'
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Bercovici, Nadège. "Activation et induction de tolérance des lymphocytes T dans des modèles de souris transgéniques." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T030.
Full textAntigen recognition by T cell can lead to immunity but also to antigen-specific T-cell tolerance. Immunological tolerance can be induced experimentally and may be useful for the treatment of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune diabetes. In this work, I have investigated the mechanisms of activation and tolerance induction in mature CD4+ and CDS+ T cells from TCR-transgenic mice. Systemic administration of soluble peptide is remarkably efficient to induce peripheral T-cell tolerance in vivo. Although one single injection induced transient T-cell tolerance, chronic intravenous (i. V. ) injections of soluble peptide is able to maintain CD4+ T-cell tolerance for more than 12 weeks. I have also shown that i. V. Injection of soluble peptide can tolerize naive CDS+ T cells but can also target effector CDS+ T cells thereby blocking the progression of an ongoing CDS-mediated autoimmune diabetes. Importantly, CDS+ T cell infiltrates are eliminated without bystander tissue damage. Furthermore, I have demonstrated that i. V. Injection of soluble MHC class I : peptide complexes represent an alternative strategy to induce CDS+ T cell tolerance in vivo. Tolerance was achieved by deletion and anergy of antigen-specific CDS+ T cells and allow to down-regulate an ongoing CDS mediated autoimmune diabetes. In experiments conducted in vitro with naïve T cells from TCR-transgenic mice, we have shown that antigen recognition by CD4+ T cells rapidly induced cytoskeletal alterations that are crucial for calcium responses and proliferation. Under conditions in which equal numbers of specific MHC class Il :peptide complexes are presented by dendritic cells (DC) and B cells, we could demonstrate that DC are always more efficient antigen presenting cells underlying the importance of adhesion/costimulatory molecules abundantly expressed by DC. Moreover, we provide evidence for the induction of small calcium signals in CD4+ T cells interacting with DC in the absence of specific antigen that involve MHC/TCR interactions. Finally, we have shown that naive CDS+ T cells can be fully activated and differentiated after antigenic stimulation in the absence of co-stimulatory signals. Altogether, these data contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of activation and tolerance induction of CD4+ and CDS+ T cells
Adriouch, Sahil. "Immunorégulation par le NAD extracellulaire : activation via les ADP-ribosyl transférases du récepteur cytolytique P2X7." Paris 7, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003698.
Full textMono ADP-ribosyl transferases (ART) catalyse a posttranslational modification of proteins by transferring the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD to targets proteins. We investigated the functions of this newly identified proteins family and the effects of they substrate, extracellular NAD, on T lymphocytes. Exposure of T cells to micromolar NAD concentrations triggers rapid induction of apoptosis. This phenomenon requires the presence of ART2. 2 and of a functional P2X7 ATP receptor. ART2. 2-catalysed cell surface protein ADP-ribosylation activates the cytolitic P2X7 purinoreceptor causing pore formation and cell death. Interestingly, much lower NAD than ATP concentration are required to activate P2X7. In vivo, NAD concentration increases in inflamed tissue as a consequence of tissue injury. Based on the results that only peripheral naive T cells are sensitive to NAD, we proposed that NAD would participate to the control of autoimmunty by killing naive T cells surrounding inflamed tissue thereby limiting the activation of bystander T lymphocytes
Rivera, Cifuentes Claudia Andrea. "Intraepithelial dendritic cells : origin and function." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5167.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) patrol tissues and transport antigens to lymph nodes to initiate adaptive immune responses. Within tissues, DCs constitute a complex cell population made of distinct subsets that can exhibit different activation states and functions. How tissue-specific cues orchestrate DC diversification remains elusive. Particularly, the small intestine (SI) Lamina Propria (LP) is enriched in a peculiar population of cDC2s expressing the integrins CD103 and CD11b. Interestingly, a fraction of these cells can transmigrate into the epithelial layer both at steady state and in higher proportion upon infection. However, the consequences of such event on the identity and fate of these cells is unknown. By using single cell RNAseq analysis, we found that their epithelial colonization deeply modifies their transcriptomic profile, downregulating inflammatory genes expression and stimulating the transcription of antimicrobial genes. We then further described that the small intestine includes two pools of cDC2s originating from common preDC precursors: (1) lamina propria CD103+CD11b+ cDC2s that are mature-like pro-inflammatory cells and (2) intraepithelial cDC2s that exhibit an immature-like phenotype and induce tolerogenic T lymphocyte properties. Intraepithelial cDC2 phenotype results from the action of food-derived retinoic acid (ATRA), which enhances actomyosin contractility and promotes LP cDC2 transmigration into the epithelium. There, cDC2s are imprinted by environmental cues including ATRA itself and the mucus component Muc2. Hence, by reaching distinct sub-tissular niches, DCs can exist as immature and mature cells within the same tissue, revealing a novel mechanism of DC functional diversification
ADRIOUCH, Sahil. "Immunorégulation par le NAD extracellulaire : activation via les ADP-ribosyl transférases du récepteur cytolytique P2X7." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003698.
Full textKakwata-Nkor, Deluce Nora. "Induction de sous-populations de cellules dendritiques humaines pro-tolérogènes par des fragments d’anticorps bispécifiques." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3805.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) have a central role in immunity and induce both specific immunity and immune tolerance thanks to their surface pathogen receptors (PPRs). The immune tolerance induced by tolerant DCs (Tol-DCs) appears as an interesting way to explore in order to improve the long-term transplantation outcome. Four DC subsets, at least, have been identified including conventional DCs (BDCA-1; BDCA-3), plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), Inflammatory DCs(MoDC) and Langerhans cells (LC). For each DC subset, an array of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified on their surface. The PRRs profile differs between DC subsets providing an individual responsiveness to target specific pathogens as well as to trigger and modulate immunological responses. The aim is to target DC subset PRRs by bispecific antibodies (BsAb) in order to induce physiological tolerance. Monocyte derived DC (moDC) and monocyte derived Langerhans DC (moLC) were obtained from CD14+ cells. The plasmacytoïd DC (pDC) were purified from an enriched DC cells fraction obtained by Percoll® gradient of PBMCs. The moDC, pDC and moLC subsets were analyzed by phenotype labelling and FACS. A Bispecific Ab (tandem scFv) were built to target PRR on DC subsets. The tandem is made of 2 scFv of 55KDa. The BsAb were produced using insect S2 (BIC05) or CHO cell (BIC15 or BIC25) and purified by protein L column. Each scFV recognize a PRR on DC. Each BsAb have been evaluated on its DC target and on PBMC at the phenotypic and functional levels by evaluating the maturation markers (CD83, CD86, CD25 and HLA-DR), cytokine secretions (IL-10, IL-12p70 and IFN- ) and the capacity to activate naïve T-cell as well as to induce regulatory T-cell (Treg)
De, Wit Dominique. "Tolérance immunologique induite: propriétés des lymphocytes T et des lymphocytes B." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213001.
Full textBilliard, Fabienne. "Etude de l'intéraction entre lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+ et lymphocytes T effecteurs in vivo, chez la souris." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066091.
Full textVan, Mechelen Marcelle. "Activation et inactivation des lymphocytes T :implications immunothérapeutiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213053.
Full textBoshell, Martina. "Activation and apoptosis requirements in human T lymphocytes." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307137.
Full textPoitrasson-Rivière, Maud. "Cellules T DC4+ FOXP3+ régulatrices et tolérance des lymphocytes T CD8+ à la périphérie." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T008.
Full textThe first part of this work showed, in an original mice model, that regulatory CD4+ T cells play an important role in preventing peripheral CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity. We suggest that regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells induce the generation at the periphery of regulatory CD8+ T cells that can then regulate conventional CD8+ T cells activity. The second part of this work suggests strongly that self-recognition events are required to control autoreactive, potentially pathogenic, conventional T cells. Autoreactivity would thus be necessary for its own control
Berg, Nancy Nadine. "Requirements for stimulation and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/NQ34735.pdf.
Full textCulley, Donald A. "Recognition of carbohydrates by T lymphocytes in lymphocyte activation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0022/NQ50137.pdf.
Full textCulley, Donald A. "Recognition of carbohyrates by T lymphocytes in lymphocyte activation." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35686.
Full textWilson, Julia Lesley. "Renal transplantation : activation of T lymphocytes by allogenic cells." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307827.
Full textLaplagne, Chloé. "Activation des lymphocytes T gamma delta dans les cancers." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30109.
Full textGamma delta T lymphocytes (TL) exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity and form a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. They include in particular Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL, which represent 1 to 5% of circulating TL, a proportion which can quickly increase in response to stress (inflammation, infection or cancer). Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL are very cytotoxic and produce many proinflammatory cytokines. These functions are enabled following the recognition of non peptide antigens by their TCR, called phosphoantigens (PAgs), independently of the MHC molecules. Various studies have shown that Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL are capable of killing a large panel of tumor cells from solid and hematological cancers, but this effect is limited by the appearance of anergy. Their activation is mediated by various proteins, in particular the butyrophilins (BTN) BTN2A1 and BTN3A1, forming a complex around the TCR Vgamma9Vdelta2 and allowing recognition of PAg. Other actors also intervene to regulate this mechanism; like the ABCA-1 transporter or RhoB protein. Since the role of RhoB during the activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL by solid cancers is not clearly defined, the first objective of my thesis was to further clarify this mechanism, using an in vitro model of lung cancer. In addition, the Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL have the original but little studied ability to be activated in the absence of target cell. Thus, the objective of the second part of my thesis was to characterize this "self activation". All of these results underline the importance of understanding the complex mechanism of activation of LT Vgamma9Vdelta2 to improve their efficacy in the clinic
Yanagihara, Kazuhiro. "Activation of human T lymphocytes by ganglioside-containing liposomes." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181704.
Full textMarquez-Campos, Maria Elena. "Etude des mécanismes d'adaptation des lymphocytes T CD8+ dans la tolérance périphérique." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066220.
Full textVan, Reyk David Marc. "Oxidative phenomena in T lymphocyte activation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27622.
Full textAmiset, Laurent. "Identification de nouveaux inhibiteurs de l'activité suppressive des lymphocytes T régulateurs." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6176.
Full textThe goal of my thesis project was to identify new inhibitors of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) suppressive activity, which might facilitate immune responses against tumors and improve the efficacy of cancer-directed immunotherapeutic strategies. After having set up an in vitro model suitable for screening chemical and biological compound libraries, we identified out of 1754 molecules 56 candidate compounds inhibiting Treg-mediated suppression of CD4+ T cell proliferation. Treg were characterized during tumor progression in a mouse model of cancer immunotherapy. We showed that injections of the TLR1/2 ligand Pam3Cys associated with vaccination by an MVA vector encoding the tumor-associated antigen MUC1 prolong mouse survival and controls tumor progression. The combination of Pam3Cys with MVA-MUC1 enhances the MUC1-specific cellular response and protects effector T cells from Treg-mediated suppression, while inducing a Th17-type response which might be directly associated with the therapeutic benefit. Finally, the effect of a candidate compound selected from the library screening could be confirmed in vitro. Results from a first experiment in the RMA-MUC1 cancer model suggest that this compound potentiates the effect of the MVA-MUC1 vaccine and could therefore be useful for the immunotherapy of cancer
Koscher, Virginie. "Activation des lymphocytes T dans l'asthme et la rhinite allergique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20662.
Full textThe data collected on atopic pathologies showed that a response of theTh2 type prevailed. The various failures of the strategies of blocking of this Th2 answer suggest the existence of an inflammatory reaction not Th2 associated among patients. Thereafter, other analyses accounted for the presence of an activation of the Th1 type. In order to determine the presence and the role of this Th1 population, we observed the activation of the T cells on the inflammation in situ in the asthmatic compared to healthy subjects after induced sputum. Then we studied the kinetics of appearance of the various blood lymphocytes according to the symptoms and of the pollen counts, during a natural exposure to the pollen of cypress. These two studies show the allergic T cell activation is not limited to a Th2 profile and that a Th1 activation is present after a natural exposure with production of IFN-gamma
Santolaria, Thibault. "Induction de tolérance aux allogreffes d'organes solides par les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/498/.
Full textA major challenge in transplantation medicine is controlling the very strong immune responses to foreign antigens that are responsible for graft rejection. Although immunosuppressive drugs efficiently inhibit acute graft rejection, a substantial proportion of patients suffer chronic rejection that ultimately leads to functional loss of the graft. Induction of immunological tolerance to transplants would avoid rejection and the need for lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Tolerance to self-antigens is ensured naturally by several mechanisms ; one major mechanism depends on the activity of regulatory T lymphocytes. We showed that in mice treated with clinically acceptable levels of irradiation, regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells stimulated in vitro with alloantigens induced long-term tolerance to bone marrow and subsequent skin and cardiac allografts. Regulatory T cells specific for directly presented donor antigens prevented only acute rejection, despite hematopoietic chimerism. By contrast, regulatory T cells specific for both directly and indirectly presented alloantigens prevented both acute and chronic rejection. Our findings demonstrate the potential of appropriately stimulated regulatory T cells for future cell-based therapeutic approaches to induce lifelong mmunological tolerance to allogeneic transplants
Filippi, Christophe. "Cellules dentritiques : activation et différenciation des lymphocytes T CD4+ in vivo." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4028.
Full textDuring my Ph. D, I tried to understand why some individuals are more susceptible than others to specific infectious diseases. I focused on the presentation of the Leishmania (L. ) LACK antigen and the activation and differentiation of LACK-specific CD4+ T cells in L. Major-infected mice. The results we obtained indicated that the cells which are responsible for the initiation of LACK-specific CD4 T cell responses in both resistant and susceptible mice are dendritic cells (DCs) which express the surface molecule CD11b. However, while DCs from infected B10. D2 mice preferentially induce Th1 responses, DCs from BALB/c mice induce Th2 responses, probably due to defects in their ability to produce IL-1b. Moreover, this phenomenon is an intrinsic property of BALB/c and B10. D2 DCs, is independant of infection, and can be observed with other antigens than LACK, independently of the haplotype of the mice. Thus, the ability of different individuals to mount Th1 or Th2 responses may be governed by genes which are expressed by DCs. In another study, we showed that the kinetics of activation and expansion of LACK-specific CD4+ T cells from infected resistant and susceptible mice are similar while their phenotypic properties are different. While these cells are high-affinity T cell receptor (TCR)-expressing Th1 cells in B10. D2 mice, they are Th2 cells and express lower affinity TCR in BALB/c mice. These results suggest the existence of a linear relationship between the affinity of the TCR expressed by CD4+ T cells and theire ability to differentiate into Th1 or Th2 effectors. Finally, we showed in a third study that the blockade of the co-stimulatory signals provided by CD86 is able to reverse the polarity of LACK-sepcific CD4+ T cells without modifying the type and affinity of their TCR. The whole of our results enabled us to suggest the existence of genes and mechanisms from both "T" and non "non-T" cell compartments which independently modulate the polarity of CD4 T cell responses in vivo
Villard, Marine. "Rôle de la profération induite par la lymphopénie dans la rupture de la tolérance périphérique des lymphocytes T CD8+." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20172/document.
Full textThe immune system has evolved multiple mechanisms of peripheral tolerance to control CD8+ T cell responses and to prevent autoimmunity. However, they also represent a barrier for the development of cytotoxic responses against tumors. Lymphodepleting protocols are currently used as adjuvants for adoptive cytotoxic T cell immunotherapy because they enhance their potency. These protocols are thought to promote the breakdown of peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance. Under acute lymphopenic conditions, naive T cells proliferate, in the apparent absence of antigenic stimulation at least in part due to a greater availability of the cytokine IL-7. Proliferating CD8+ T cells acquire a phenotype and functionality that is similar to memory cells and are termed memory-like cells. Since memory cells have a lower activation threshold than naïve cells, it has been proposed that differentiation of potentially autoreactive CD8+ T cells into memory-like cells under lymphopenic conditions could drive the breakdown of peripheral tolerance. Here we studied whether lymphopenia induced proliferation and differentiation are required for the breakdown of CD8+ T cell cross-tolerance in irradiated transgenic mice expressing a model antigen in the beta cells of the pancreas. Surprisingly, we found that blocking lymphopenia-induced proliferation and differentiation into memory-like cells did not prevent self-reactivity. CD8+ T cells that did not differentiate into memory-like cells still became effectors upon antigen cross-presentation and migrated to the site of antigen expression. Nonetheless, LIP did enhance CD8+ T cell mediated self-reactivity at low T cell frequencies. This effect could not be explained by a Treg imbalance but by a net increase in autoreactive CD8+ T cell numbers. Thus, although LIP enhances CD8+ T cell anti-self responses, differentiation into memory-like cells is not essential for the breakdown of cross-tolerance under the lymphopenic conditions provided by irradiation
Thebault, Paméla. "Identification et étude de nouveaux médiateurs de la tolérance à l'allogreffe." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=97f09501-6100-4061-be2f-e8a6e04ef996.
Full textThe understanding of immunological mechanisms leading to allograft tolerance represents a major issue to improve the success of organ transplantation. During my Ph. D, we have investigated news mediators of allograft tolerance in rat. In a model of tolerance induced by treatment with an analog of deoxyspergualin (LF15-0195), the team used DNA microarrays to identify mechanisms linked to tolerance and has observed a high expression of IDO and IFNγ. We have shown that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells accumulated in allograft expressed IFNγ and induced the expression of IDO in graft endothelial cells. So, these two molecules are necessary to tolerance. Moreover, we have identified CLEC-1, a C-type lectin receptor, as overexpressed in graft endothelial and myeloid cells of tolerated allograft. Then, we have shown that CLEC-1 expression is decreased by inflammatory stimuli and increased by tolerogenic molecules. At last, we have shown that CLEC-1 decreases Th17 differentiation, modulating suppression mediated by regulatory T cells. The role of IFNγ has also been demonstrated in another model of tolerance induced by the injection of autologous immature dendritic cells in combination with a suboptimal treatment with LF15-0195. We have demonstrated that inhibition of IFNγ abrogates induction of tolerance. Moreover, we have shown that double negative T cells are responsible of IFNγ production in the spleen of tolerant recipients. Interestingly, this production is dependent of EBI3 secreting by immature dendritic cells. All of these results contributed to identify new mediators of tolerance which will be able to be used as therapeutic tools to induce allograft tolerance
Pasquet, Lise. "Prévention du rejet d'allogreffe par les lymphocytes T régulateurs : mécanismes de maintenance de la tolérance à long terme." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2173/.
Full textTransplantation is frequently the only therapeutic option to replace defective organs or tissues. In the most frequent case of allogeneic transplantation, the major obstacle is activation of the host's immune system leading to allograft rejection. Immunosuppressive drugs efficiently avoid acute rejection and thereby markedly prolong graft survival, but they do not prevent chronic rejection. Moreover, these drugs globally down-modulate the host's immune system, increasing the patient's susceptibility to opportunistic infections and to cancers. Development of therapies specifically inhibiting acute and chronic rejection with limited side effects is therefore essential. We developed an innovating murine model in which bone marrow, skin and heart allograft rejection is durably prevented. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) specific for donor-antigens were injected in pre-conditioned animals that also received a bone marrow allograft. Thus generated hematopoietic chimeras were then transplanted with skin or heart allografts. Tregs of direct and indirect alloantigen-specificity entirely prevented acute and chronic rejection. In these mice, we observed progressive loss of injected Treg in blood and lymphoid organs eliciting the question if Treg survival is important for long-term transplantation persistence. To provide an answer, we used a murine model allowing the specific elimination of injected Tregs. By in vivo depleting injected Treg, we demonstrated that these cells are essential for induction of tolerance to allogeneic bone marrow, but not for its maintenance. We showed that at later time-points host T cells specific for donor-antigens were deleted in the thymus and in the periphery. Central tolerance mechanisms therefore appear to assure maintenance of the bone-marrow allograft. The same results were observed with skin allografts irrespectively of whether the cells were depleted before or after placing the skin allograft. This observation suggests the implication of active tolerance mechanisms. The depletion of injected and endogenous Treg before skin graft indeed revealed that host Treg are essential for survival of skin but not of bone marrow allografts. In conclusion, injected Tregs are essential during the induction-phase of tolerance to bone marrow allografts. Central and peripheral mechanisms then ensure deletion of donor specific T cells. In the same time, injected Treg induce the emergence of host Treg which become fully capable of protecting skin allografts. These mechanisms allow for long-term protection of allografts even after injected Tregs have waned away
Brochu, Sylvie. "Tolérance et réponse des lymphocytes T aux antigènes mineurs d'histocompatibilité post-transplantation médullaire allogénique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32594.pdf.
Full textOruganti, Sreenivasa Rao. "Regulation of activation of NF-κB by Calmodulin in T-lymphocytes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46561.
Full textFenton-May, Angharad. "The Structural, Kinetic and Activation Properties of gamma delta T lymphocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491444.
Full textDegauque, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude des cellules régulatrices dans deux modèles d'induction de tolérance." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT18VS.
Full textTolerance corresponds to the acceptation of a graft by an immunocompetent recipient. In this thesis, the mechanisms of maintenance and transfer of tolerance have been studied in two models of graft transplantation between MHC incompatible rats. Donor antigens presentation by blood transfusion before heart graft induces the differentiation of regulatory CD25- T cells acting both in vitro and in vivo. This study constitutes the first demonstration of the existence of regulatory CD25- T cells able to transfer tolerance in a fully MHC mismatch model. Injection of a donor anti-class II MHC antibody the day of transplantation allowed to obtain a fully tolerant state. Maintenance and transfer of tolerance are here not controlled by T lymphocytes alone but required complex mechanisms of regulation with the need of T cells/non-T cells cooperation
Halbout, Philippe. "Rôle de l'insuline dans la rupture de tolérance chez la souris NOD." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066173.
Full textChen, Ting. "Similarities and differences of the early immune responses to tumor or embryo implantation." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066127.
Full textGérard, Audrey. "Implication des protéines Dok dans l'activation lymphocytaire T." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22059.
Full textBonello, Grégory Barthélémy Michael. "Etude de la dynamique de recrutement de la protéine adaptatrice LAT dans la synapse immunologique au cours de l'activation lymphocytaire T." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22018.
Full textHansson, Johan. "Activation and differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes identification of district CTL subsets in the rat /." Lund : Dept. of Tumor Immunology, the Wallenberg Laboratory, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39158589.html.
Full textKared, Hassen. "Facteurs de croissance et progéniteurs hématopoïetiques autologues : de nouveaux outils pour la restauration de la tolérance au soi dans le diabète auto-immun." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D036.
Full textExpansion of regulatory T cells in vivo is a promising strategy to cure auto-immune diseases. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of hematopoiesis either by the growth factor G-CSF or by transplantation of mobilised hematopoietic progenitors (HPC), but not of medullary hematopoietic stem cells, increases CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers in peripancreatic lymph nodes and provides protection against type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse. Protection is based on the following mechanisms : G-CSF promotes the differentiation of semi-mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells which in turn recruit Treg whereas HPC directly expand Treg. The HPC-Treg interaction requires cell contact and activates the Notch signalling pathway via Jagged2, selectively expressed on HPC, which increases Notch3 expression on Treg. This selective expression of jagged2 on mobilised progenitors needs to be confirmed in human and could represent a novel way to distinguish immunogenic from tolerogenic progenitors
Le, Saout Cécile. "Rupture de la tolérance périphérique en conditions de lymphopénie : coopération entre les cellules T CD8+ et CD4+." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20097.
Full textThe onset of autoimmunity in patients as well as experimental rodent models frequently correlates with a lymphopenic state. In this condition, the immune system has evolved compensatory homeostatic mechanisms that induce quiescent naive T cells to proliferate and differentiate into memory-like lymphocytes even in the apparent absence of antigenic stimulation. Since memory T cells have less stringent requirements for activation than naïve cells, we hypothesized that auto-reactive T cells that arrive to secondary lymphoid organs in a lymphopenic environment could differentiate and bypass the mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Utilizing a transgenic mouse system in which a model antigen is expressed in the pancreas, we have shown that potentially auto-reactive memory-like CD8+ T cells, generated under lymphopenic conditions, are not sufficient to induce auto-immunity because they are tolerized in the draining lymph nodes of the pancreas. Induction of self-reactivity required antigen-specific CD4+ T cell help. These helper cells promoted the further differentiation of memory-like CD8+ T cells into effectors in response to antigen cross-presentation with subsequent migration to the tissue of antigen expression where autoimmunity ensued. We also found that this effect is mediated by IL-2, a cytokine mainly produced by CD4 helper T cells. Thus, the cooperation between self-reactive memory-like CD4+ and CD8+ T cells under lymphopenic conditions overcomes cross-tolerance resulting in autoimmunity. These studies raise new perspectives, notably on cancer immunotherapy and the development of promising strategies optimizing anti-tumor T cell responses
HABTI, NORDDINE. "Interactions cellulaires et activation des lymphocytes t : etude a l'aide d'anticorps monoclonaux." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10045.
Full textVigouroux, Stéphane Moullier Philippe. "Induction de lymphocytes T régulateurs humains par activation de la voie Notch." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=26016.
Full textGehring, Torben [Verfasser], and Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Krappmann. "MALT1 phosphorylation controls activation of T lymphocytes / Torben Gehring ; Betreuer: Daniel Krappmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1210424320/34.
Full textVigouroux, Stéphane. "Induction de lymphocytes T régulateurs humains par activation de la voie Notch." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=46a7d1f8-10e8-424c-91c3-4e9b9233a009.
Full textRegulatory T lymphocytes (Tr) are immunosuppressive cells that regulate the peripheral tolerance. Notch is a family of transmembrane receptors expressed at the surface of lymphocytes. Notch plays a important role in the lymphopoiesis. The ligation of the ligand Jaggedl induces the activation of Notch. We have demonstrated in two models of antigenic stimulation in vitro (viral and allogeneic) that overexpression of Jagged1 on human B cells transformed by the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) used as antigen presenting cells and cultured with human T lymphocytes induced EBV specific Tr in the first model and allogeneic specific Tr in the second one. These results demonstrate that forced activation of Notch during an antigenic stimulation induce antigen specific Tr and add to Notch a possible role in the regulation of the peripheral immune system
Lemoine, Sébastien. "Étude du rôle du lymphocyte B dans la tolérance périphérique." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2308.
Full textNature has provided the immune system with numerous checkpoints controlling the maintenance of tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. The regulatory mechanisms operating in the periphery of the immune system are mediated mainly by a specific population of regulatory T cells considered as the main contributor to peripheral tolerance. In auto immunity, B cells are generally considered pathogenic since they release autoantibodies, that can cause damages to target tissues. However B cell depletion in several murine models of autoimmune diseases leads to a more severe pathology, giving B cells an unexpected regulatory role. Insights have been realized concerning the mechanism of action and the phenotype of this particular subset of regulatory B cells in mice and two subsets of IL-10 secreting B cells have been endowed with regulatory properties. However, despite increasing interest in regulatory B cell biology, the existence of an equivalent population in human is still a matter of controversy. The current study indicates that activated T cells can induce their own regulation by promoting the development of a B-cell dependent regulatory process. Regulatory B cells, identified by their expression of CD19high IgD+ CD24high CD38high CD5high, inhibit the proliferation and cytokine secretion of proinflammatory TH1 cells with the contribution of regulatory T cells, placing B cells at the center of immunosuppressive reactions. The assessment of this new regulatory function in autoimmune diseases shows that B-cell mediated immune regulation is deficient in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Safya, Hanaa. "Modulation des activités du récepteur purinergique P2X7 au cours de l’activation des lymphocytes T." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T083/document.
Full textExtracellular ATP through the receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) plays a key role in innate immunity as a danger signal that causes the activation of the inflammasome, enhancement of immune cell migration and cell death. Although the role of the ATP/P2X7R pathway in adaptative immunity remains underestimated, it has been reported that P2X7R regulates signaling events involved in T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector lineages. Moreover, we have previously shown that effector T lymphocytes (either CD4+ or CD8+) that express the B220 isoform of CD45 at the plasma membrane at the end of the secondary immune response are totally resistant to ATP stimulation due to loss of P2X7R membrane expression. In the present study, we compared the sensitivity of T lymphocytes to cellular activities trigerred by P2X7R according to their stage of activation. Interestingly, our results showed that P2X7-dependent cellular activities are dissociated. T lymphocytes at effector/memory stage are less sensitive to CD62L shedding than naïve or recently activated T lymphocyte during primary immune response. Naive T lymphocytes recently activated during primary immune response are the most sensitive to pore formation. Furthermore, recently activated T lymphocytes at both primary and secondary immune responses are the most sensitive to PS externalization. Finally, pore formation, PS externalization but not CD62L shedding, are dependent on calcium signaling
Joffre, Olivier. "Utilisation du potentiel immunosupresseur des lymphocytes T CD4+ CD25+ dans l'induction de tolérance aux allogreffes de tissus ou d'organes solides." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30085.
Full textBergot, Anne-Sophie. "Les lymphocytes T régulateurs spécifiques du soi : clés de l’immunité des tumeurs." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066399.
Full textGoubier, Anne. "Foie et tolérance périphérique : rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des cellules NK-T." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/30/57/53/PDF/these.pdf.
Full textThe liver is thought to contribute to systemic T cell tolerance, although the precise mechanism of its tolerogenic effect is unclear. This function could be particularely important to induce T cell tolerance to orally absorbed antigen circulating to the liver from the intestine via the portal vein. The aim of our study was to precise the role of the liver in peripheral tolerance and notably in oral tolerance by using a murine model of contact sensitivity to the hapten DNFB, induced by cytotoxic CD8+ effector cells. We have identified two subsets of cells enriched in the liver and involved in the regulation and tolerance of the immune response : i) the plasmacytoid dendritic cells which inhibit the CD8+ T cells response in vivo and play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance and ii) the NK-T cells able to regulate the CD8+ T cells response during the afferent and the efferent phase of the immune response
Dallanegra, Anne. "Étude de l'activation lymphocytaire dans l'environnement épidermique : régulation de l'expression de surface du complexe CD3/TCR et implications biologiques : rôle des cytokines dans les interactions entre les lymphocytes et les cellules épidermiques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T182.
Full textMesel-Lemoine, Mariana. "Les lymphocytes T suppresseurs : caractérisation et utilisation thérapeutique." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066633.
Full textHua, Stéphane. "Caractérisation des lymphocytes T CD8+ spécifiques du VIH chez les « HIV controllers »." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114817/document.
Full textSeveral defects of the immune response have been evidenced during HIV infection, especially CD8+ T cell response. A rare group of patients (0.5%) called HIV controllers (HIC) can spontaneously control HIV infection and studies showed that these patients present high HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover excessive activation of CD8+ T cells seems to play a major role since this parameter correlates strongly with disease progression. Indeed, immune activation observed in HIC is lower than in viremic patients and similar as in HAART-treated patients. Furthermore HIC exhibit a peculiar activation phenotype with low CD38 expression and high HLA-DR expression and characterized by a higher frequency of CD38-/HLA-DR+ expressing cells. The aim of these works was to characterize optimal HIV-specific T cells which are implicated in the control of viral replication in HIC. We first studied this subpopulation CD38-/HLA-DR+ and showed that it is characterized by an absence of activation marker expression except for HLA-DR and by efficient effector functions (high cytotoxicity) and good memory functions (better survival, proliferation and higher frequency of polyfunctional cells). We then deciphered the mechanism responsible for the induction of this phenotype and demonstrated that low dose of antigen induce preferentially CD38-/HLA-DR+ phenotype while high dose of antigen induce preferentially CD38+/HLA-DR+. We next characterized HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from HIC by markers associated with cytotoxicity: T-box transcription factor T-bet and Eomes and CD57. We demonstrated heterogeneity of Eomes expression and only CD57+/Eomeshi and CD57+/Eomesint subpopulation exhibit cytotoxic capacity ex vivo. We then showed that HIC exhibited higher frequency of CD57+/Eomeshi expressing HIV specific CD8+ T cells with high functionalities (proliferation, survival). Furthermore frequency of this subpopulation correlated with low viral load suggesting a role of CD57+/Eomeshi in the control of viral replication. Nevertheless, the high CD8+ T cell responses are not found in all HIC and some patients who control viral replication in vivo exhibit low inhibition by CD8+ T cells ex vivo and are called Weak Responders by opposition to Strong Responders who exhibit high inhibition by CD8+ T cells. Our study demonstrated that the CD8+ T cell response is associated with the CD4+ T cells: Weak Responders showed low CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses especially low CD38-/HLA-DR+ frequency and Strong Responders showed high CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response especially high CD38-/HLA-DR+ frequency. We therefore defined two subpopulations which are overrepresented in HIC and which are probably implicated in control of HIV. The low dose and low immune activation could be involved in the induction and persistence of high anti-HIV CD8+ T cell response and might have implications for HIV vaccine strategies
Chabod, Marianne. "Rôle de Themis dans l'homéostasie du système immunitaire et intestinale." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1410/.
Full textInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders caused by multifactorial factors in a genetically predisposed host. The current challenge lies on the identification of the causal gene variants and on the analysis of their contribution to disease physiopathology. We identified a spontaneous mutation in Brown-Norway rats responsible for a lymphopenia restricted to the CD4 T cell compartment that originates from the thymus and is T cell autonomous. This mutation was fixed and named BNm for "BN mutated". Interestingly, BNm rats spontaneously develop inflammatory lesions on all sections of the intestine. Oedema and erythema associated with a shortening of the intestine and thickening of the intestinal wall were evidenced. Histological analysis revealed intestine wall multifocal infiltration composed of polynucleated cells, macrophages with few T cells. Granuloma were often observed. This infiltration was confirmed by an increased myeloperoxidase activity and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in injured tissus. Thus, the intestinal inflammation developed by BNm rat shares many features with Crohn's disease. This disease is concomitant with CD4 T cell hyperactivation in secondary lymphoid organs. CD4 T cells from BNm rat present an altered cytokine profile with an increased secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-17A, compared to control rats. Furthermore, BNm deficiency leads to impaired regulatory T cell function in vitro and is associated with IBD development. Indeed, the occurrence of the pathology can be prevented by transfer of wild type regulatory T lymphocytes. Linkage analysis and a genetic dissection led us to identify Themis as the mutated gene. Thus, Themis should be considered henceforth as a candidate susceptibility gene for chronic inflammatory diseases through its effects on CD4 T cell polarization and regulatory T cell suppressive functions
Terrada, Céline. "Approche de thérapie cellulaire par les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+ dans l'uvéite chez la souris." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077180.
Full textUveitis are potentially blinding ocular pathologies affecting young patients in the lndustrialized countries. Current treatments involve systemic or local administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents for steroid-sparing. The side effects and sometimes inefficiency of those treatments led us to propose an alternative local cellular therapy using CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with severe bilateral uveitis. First of all a pre-clinical murin model of experimental uveo-retinitis has been reported. Innovated Tregs cellular approach in auto-immune diseases is very hopeful and can be test using this model. Nevertheless, efficacy of this strategy is correlate to the suppressive bystander effect of activated Tregs in the target tissu. Intra-vitreal injection of in vitro pre-activated polyclonal Tregs have been tested and controlled the ocular inflammation. Our results are very interesting and agree with the Tregs therapeutic approach