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Downward, Alan Murray. "Photo-activated Cytotoxins." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4179.
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The thesis addresses the potential application of ruthenium(II)-cobalt(III) heterodinuclear complexes as a new selective cancer treatment. The selectivity is to be achieved through the use of visible light to trigger activation of the drug.
The majority of work conducted relates to the design and synthesis of the bridging ligand for the final ruthenium(II)-cobalt(III) heterodinuclear complex. In Chapter 2, a potential bridging ligand based on a functionalised terpyridine is described. The intention was to bind the ruthenium(II) metal centre to the terpyridine end of the bridging ligand and have a secondary binding domain available for coordination of the cobalt(III) metal centre. However, a reductive step in the synthetic pathway failed to produce the desired product and this potential bridging ligand had to be abandoned.
In Chapter 3, two series of bridging ligands are described. The first of these series is based on Jurgen Sauer’s ‘LEGO’ system. In addition to describing the free synthesis of these ligands, their synthesis on a ruthenium(II) metal centre is described. The second series is based on disubstituted-1,2,4,5-tetrazines. These compounds are only able to be directly synthesised as the non-coordinated ligand. Coordination of these ligands to a single ruthenium(II) metal centre is then described. Ruthenium(II) complexes of both ligand series are then exposed to several transition metals and their ability to coordinate a second metal centre investigated.
The formation of ruthenium(II)-cobalt(III) heterodinuclear complexes, using the ligand series detailed in Chapter 3, is described in Chapter 4. These complexes are formed by reacting the ruthenium(II) complex of the bridging ligand with either [Co(en)₂(OTf)₂](OTf) or [Co(tren)(OTf)₂](OTf). These heterodinuclear complexes exhibit photo-activated ligand release, which makes them candidates for development as a potential cancer treatment.
The non-bridging ligands coordinated to the cobalt(III) metal centre in Chapter 4 were not cytotoxic. In order to make the system biologically active these ligands need to be changed. Chapter 5 describes how nitrogen mustards (a class of cytotoxic DNA alkylators) could be introduced as the non-bridging ligands. This involves the synthetic strategy of forming the cobalt(III) complex of the alcohol precursor of a nitrogen mustard. This precursor complex is then converted into the nitrogen mustard complex and coordinated to the ruthenium(II) bound bridging ligand.
The synthetic strategies outlined in this thesis can be applied to a wide range of potential bridging ligands and could potentially lead to a large number of ruthenium(II)-cobalt(III) heterodinuclear complexes being synthesised.
One journal article based on this research has been accepted for publication, in the Australian Journal of Chemistry. Three more articles are in preparation.
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Chinni, Carla. "Proteolytically activated receptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627093.
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Jones, Dale. "Light activated inteins." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/382905/.
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The ability to control posttranslational assembly of proteins would be a powerful research tool that would allow researchers to selectively control and induce the function of a targeted protein. Several approaches have utilized inteins, protein domains that when inserted into a given protein sequence, excise themselves from the host protein, ligating the host protein fragments together to leave the excised intein and a mature protein. This process, known as protein splicing, would be a useful tool for studying protein function if it was selectively inducible. Herein we detail our efforts towards the development of a light activated intein that preferentially undergoes protein splicing in the presence of blue light. Our design combines the LOV2 domain from Avena sativa and the Npu DnaE trans intein from Nostoc punctiforme PCC73102 to yield a light activated intein. It was observed by western blot that this light activated intein demonstrated a 1.74 fold increase in intein mediated protein splicing when exposed to blue light. Mutations to eliminate the protein splicing ability of the light activated intein demonstrated that the extein products observed were the result of intein mediated protein splicing. Mutations to render the LOV2 domain insensitive to light indicated that the LOV2 domain influenced the protein splicing ability of the light activated intein, allowing it to progress at a higher rate in the presence of blue light.
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Svingala, Forrest R. "Alkali activated aerogels /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10097.
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Liu, Xiaoling. "Laboratory evaluation of microbial aggregation in activated in activated [sic] sludge." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202501487/.
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Kawamoto, Takahiro. "Endothelin-1 activates Homer 1a expression via mitogen-activated protein kinase in cardiac myocytes." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135882.
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González, León Oriol. "Light activated gas nanosensors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665617.
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Aquesta tesi està centrada en explorar la utilitat de la llum ultraviolada per tal d'activar els sensors de gasos basats òxids metàl·lics (MOX), i comparar els resultats amb l'activació per temperatura. Mitjançant l'aplicació d'UV, i més concretament el sistema proposat en aquesta tesi, aplicant llum polsada, hem obtingut resultats prometedors. Per una banda, hem reduït la temperatura necessària per a la detecció dels gasos, possibilitant que puguin treballar fins i tot a temperatura ambient, amb el consequent estalvi energètic. La metodologia proposada consisteix en irradiar el material sensible mitjançant UV polsada, això crea uns transitoris dintre dels cicles de llum i no llum (arrissat en el senyal de la resistència mesurada) on hem observat que aquests transitoris estan relacionats amb la concentració dels gasos a detectar. Durant la il·lumincació UV, es generen en el MOX portadors de càrrega, es modifica la quantitat i/o naturalesa de les espècies d’oxigen ionoadsorbides i s'afavoreix la desorbció d’altres espècies presents en la superficie del material sensible. El fet de polsar la il·luminació sotmet el MOX a treballar en una successió d’estats transitoris. Aquesta metodologia s’ha aplicat a dos òxids metàlics diferents: In2O3 (nanooctahedres) i WO3 (en forma de nanoagulles). Els gasos amb els que s’ha treballat han estat NO2, NH3, Acetona i Etanol, amb diferents condicions d´humitat. Com a conclusió podem dir que amb aquesta metodologia podem millorar el temps de resposta, reduir el consum (temperatura a utilitzar) i millorar la sensibilitat i selectivitat, tant per gasos reductors com oxidants.Esta tesis está centrada en explorar la utilidad de la luz ultravioleta para activar los sensores de gases basados en óxidos metálicos (MOX), y comparar los resultados con la activación por temperatura. Los MOX necesitan subir en temperatura para activar sus propiedades como semiconductores y también propiciar las reacciones con los gases a detectar, donde medimos la variación de la conductividad como respuesta a ese gas. Mediante la aplicación de UV, y más concretamente para el sistema propuesto en esta tesis aplicando pulsos de luz, hemos obtenido resultados prometedores. Por un lado hemos reducido la temperatura de detección de los gases y hemos propiciado reacciones e interacciones con el material que nos permiten discriminar mejor entre los gases. También hemos mejorado el tiempo de respuesta a RT con UV pulsada respecto activación sólo con temperatura. La metodología propuesta consiste en irradiar el material sensible mediante UV pulsada, esto crea unos transitorios dentro de los ciclos de luz y no luz (rizado en la señal) donde hemos observado que estos transitorios están relacionados con la concentración de los gases a detectar. Durante esta tesis hemos estudiado el comportamiento del IN2O3 (octahedros) y WO3 (nanoagujas) para la detección del NO2, NH3, Acetona y Ethanol, también bajo condiciones de humedad. Como conclusión podemos decir que con esta metodología podemos mejorar el tiempo de respuesta, reducir el consumo (temperatura) y mejorar la sensitibilidad y selectividad, tanto para gases reductores como oxidantes.
This thesis is focused on exploring the potential of ultraviolet light to activate metal oxide gas sensors (MOX), and to compare the results obtained against those when only temperature activation is used. MOXs need to be heated in order to show their properties as semiconductors and also react, on their surface, with the target gases, where we measure conductivity variations as a response towards those gases. In this thesis we have obtained promising results applying pulses of UV light. First of all, we have reduced the temperature for gas detection, then we have noticed that other kind of interactions appeared when the material is at low temperatures under UV excitation, which allows us to discriminate better between gases. We have also improved the response time at room temperature with pulsed UV in contrast to temperature alone. The proposed methodology consists of irradiating the sensitive material with on and off cycles of UV light, creating transients ( a ripple) in sensor resistance. What we have observed is that these transients are related to the concentration of the pollutant gases. This allows to design strategies to improve selectivity. During this thesis, we have studied In2O3 (octahedra) and WO3 (nanoneedles) as sensing layers for the detection of NO2, NH3, acetone, and ethanol, also under humid conditions. In conclusion we can say that with this methodology we can improve response time, reduce consumption (operation temperature can be lowered significantly) and improve sensitivity and selectivity, both for reducing and oxidizing gases.
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Bechwati, Fouad. "Acoustics of activated carbon." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26573/.
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This thesis describes a study into how sound interacts with activated carbon, a material that exhibits adsorbing and desorbing properties. Adsorption is where molecules from the surrounding gas are attracted to the material microstructure and held in place by a weak physical attraction force named after the scientist van der Waals\ desorption is the opposite process. Activated carbons include a complex porous structure, with a large internal surface area, and a considerable adsorption capacity caused by free electrons in the deformed graphene layers. The process of adsorption and desorption is usually associated with energy exchanges, caused by transfers of heat between the adsorbate molecules and the adsorbent surface. The study of acoustic interactions with granular activated carbons at normal conditions makes the subject of this doctoral thesis. Two main physical phenomena were seen to accompany sound propagation through the material: (i) an increase in volume compliance which is assumed to be caused by a change in the density of the interacting gas, and (ii) excess absorption at low frequencies thought to be due to the energy lost in the adsorption/desorption hysteresis. For the former, measurements on the impedance of low frequency Helmholtz resonators reveal significant shifts in resonance when activated carbon is used as a porous liner in the backing volume. At constant aperture dimensions, these shifts are attributed to a larger apparent volume of the resonator as compared to an empty backing volume. This phenomenon is in direct contravention of the physical theory associated with Helmholtz resonators as the resonant frequency of a device increases slightly when a porous solid is placed in the backing volume. An upper frequency limit of SOOHz is also determined where sorption effects in activated carbon are assumed to become almost negligible in relation to sound propagation. For the latter, the excess absorption at low frequency, a series of experiments to reveal the physical cause of the phenomenon have been undertaken. Hysteresis was observed during the sorption of humid air onto activated carbon at room temperature. At such conditions, the different rates of adsorption and desorption lead to a disturbance in the system equilibrium and cause a change in entropy. The return of the system to equilibrium is an exothermic process hence involves energy losses between activated carbon and the surrounding gas. This is suggested as a possible cause of the excess attenuation. However,the relaxation times are rather long for acoustic propagation, and further work is needed to examine this. An experimental apparatus to explore sound propagation through the material was devised. Results showed a violation of the equation of state for the relationship between volume and pressure: as the volume in a sealed chamber was reduced at constant temperature, the measured pressure change was found to be lower for a sample of activated carbon than when the chamber was empty; a phenomenon assumed due to the differences between adsorption and desorption rates. A new method for determining the porosity of a material exhibiting adsorption at acoustic pressures has been devised and found to be 81 ±7% for the granular sample examined. BET analysis and examination of electron microscope pictures allowed the pore size distribution to be found. Although the activated carbon sample has many very small pores (0.7nm in width), the BET isotherm showed that these will be saturated with water vapour in normal conditions. Consequently, the pores that affect sound propagation are those between the grains of the activated carbon, and the macropores (>50nm) on the surface of the grains. A theoretical model is developed and outlined based on the Langmuir isotherm. This was used to predict the sound propagation within the material and is compared to acoustic impedance measured in a large low frequency impedance tube, which was constructed especially for this project. The match between theory and measurement is rather poor, thought to be due to the lack of modelling the hysteresis effects in the adsorption- desorption cycle. Two applications of the material are examined, within a Helmholtz resonator and the cups of hearing defenders. In both cases, improved performance is seen. For instance, the use of the material in hearing defenders showed that activated carbon could be used to improve the attenuation at low frequencies in comparison to conventional foam liners.
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Shah, Samit Friedman Simon H. "Light activated RNA interference." Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and Dept. of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007."A dissertation in pharmaceutical science and chemistry." Advisor: Simon H. Friedman. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed July 16, 2008; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-220). Online version of the print edition.
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Moorcroft, Matthew James. "Electroanalysis at activated electrodes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6089e63c-3db2-4627-90e7-13763efcbd07.
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This thesis details advances made within the field of electroanalytical chemistry through the use of working electrodes that have been activated through application of ultrasound, heat, geometry, chemical modification or composition. Initially the thesis reports the enhanced analytical utility of chemically and compositionally modified working electrodes when directed towards the detection and determination of NO3¯ and NO2¯ anions in environmental samples. This has been achieved through the use of electrodes that have been a) modified with a Cu deposit and b) fashioned from a Cu-Ni alloy. Nitrate and nitrite anions have been successfully determined in a variety of passivating matrices, at analytically relevant detection limits of the order of 10-6 M with a dynamic linear range extending from 10 to 200 μM. The methods presented have been shown to surpass existing electrochemical techniques in terms of nitrate/nitrite speciation through separation of the voltammetric signals, where existing analyses have reported the intereference of both species when present in the same solution. The use of ultrasound as a further enhancement to the sensitivity and versatility of the electrochemical detection of nitrate at a chemically modified electrode is then presented. The influence of ultrasound is shown to remove a portion of the deposited copper, but a significant catalytic layer remains, resulting in greater sensitivity during insonation. The effect of temperature on electrochemical systems involving one- and two-electron redox reactions of K4Fe(CN)6, Ru(NH3)6Cl3, Fe(C5H5)2, N,N,N',N'tetramethylphenylenediamine, N,N'dimethylphenylenediamine and tris(4- bromophenyl)amine have been studied under hydrothermal conditions using a novel hydrodynamic method based on a conventional channel flow cell where the working electrode is heated by radio frequency radiation. The diffusion activation parameters obtained with the radio frequency channel cell and computer simulation were compared with independent data from microelectrode high temperature experiments. The application of the heated flow cell as a tool for mechanistic studies is discussed with the investigation of the well characterised ECE reaction of m-iodo-nitrobenzene in acetonitrile, giving a value of 80 ± 5 kJ mol-1 for the activation energy of the rate constant for the decomposition of the m-iodo-nitrobenzene radical anion. This represents the first observation of an ECE or mechanistically complex reaction at a locally heated electrode. The work presented in the final two chapters of this thesis examines the enhanced activation achieved from modification of the electrode geometry, and in particular the application of microelectrodes to the development of electroanalytical techniques. The electrochemical reduction of the inhalation anaesthetic agent enflurane (2-chloro-1,1,2- trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is reported at a variety of microelectrode substrates (Au, Ag, Cu, Pt and glassy carbon) with electrode dimensions varying from 5 to 60 μm. The solvents water, dimethylsulfoxide and acetonitrile were investigated along with the supporting electrolytes potassium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate and various tetraalkylammonium perchlorates. The use of a gold microelectrode with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and tetraethylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte was found to give well-defined voltammetry. Linear calibration curves were obtained between 0 and 2 % v/v (gaseous additions) or up to 135 mM (gravimetric additions), offering scope for the development of a rapid, inexpensive electrochemical gas sensor. The analytical utility of the system has been investigated in the presence of oxygen and nitrous oxide in DMSO solvent. The superoxide anion radical, formed from the electro-reduction of dissolved oxygen, is shown to react with enflurane complicating their simultaneous detection. The kinetics of the enflurane / superoxide reaction are found to be first order with respect to both superoxide and enflurane with a rate constant of 0.25 M-1 s-1 determined by three independent methods: steady-state voltammetry, digital simulation of cyclic voltammetric data and UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis.
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Selbee, Amber. "Activated charcoal; too abrasive?" The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619127299234152.
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Alexander, David. "Combat-activated thymic disorientation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/18020/.
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This thesis addresses the complexity of the experiences of severely distressed contemporary combat veterans in the Western world. It examines the specific features of their affliction that is not accounted adequately for either by the existing psychiatric approach to mental health disorders or by the complementary psycho-philosophical “moral injury” paradigm. Following a systematic review of the relevant literature, a new approach is proposed to address these distressing phenomena of combat-related disorientation based on thymos, an ancient Greek anthropological concept. The “moral injury” paradigm has previously examined the relevance of thymos in contemporary veteran care, but has limited its consideration to Homeric material, and has also cross-interpreted the concept through modern psychological and physiological lenses in order to develop clinical applications. The original contribution of this thesis is the provision of a diachronic lens for investigating thymos in its organic philosophical context from Homer through the Golden Age of Greek philosophy, the teachings of early Christianity, and its current use in Eastern Orthodox Christian monastic tradition. This diachronic perspective provides an existential understanding of certain features of such combat-related disorientation that were previously unidentified. More specifically, it discerns a systemic dysregulation of three essential capacities for human flourishing that can occur, often sequentially, after exposure to intensely adverse events in combat: primary emotion, instinctive motivation to action, and moral intuition. Moreover, it develops a comprehensive account of two distinct features that are previously not addressed sufficiently: (1) the enduring sense of self-horror after a perceived “absorption of evil” in battle, and (2) radical loss of the ability to attribute meaning to events or to maintain narrative coherence of life’s experiences.
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Su, Dan Kuan-Nien. "Bumblebee vibration activated foraging." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1467769.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 15, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-29).
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Birbas, Daniella. "Preparation of Activated Carbon: Forest residues activated with Phosphoric Acid and Zinc Sulfate." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33274.
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Activated carbon is a highly adsorbing material and has various scopes of uses depending on needs. It is used in many industries and applications e.g. to clean industrial wastewater, in medicine, discolor sugar and so on. What makes AC such a good adsorbent is its porous structure which gives it a high surface area. This report consists of three parts; general information about Activated Carbon (AC) and its characteristics, to give the reader a sufficient background about AC for continuous understanding throughout the report, an experimental investigation in chemical activation of carbon with phosphoric acid as the chemical reagent and sawdust from both Cuban and Swedish Pine tree as precursors, and a second experimental investigation in chemical activation of carbon with Zinc Sulfate as the chemical reagent and sawdust from Cuban Pine tree as the precursor. For the first experimental part as well as for the second the objective is how to best combine the three parameters; acid concentration, impregnation ratio and activation temperature in order to get the best adsorption performance when preparing activated carbon with different precursor specimens and chemical reagents. The experiments with phosphoric acid activation show that treatment with 40% acid concentration at 400 °C produce an activated carbon with good properties for ammonia adsorption and good iodine number. If a 30% phosphoric acid is used for activation, an activation temperature of 500 °C is recommended. With an impregnation ratio of 1, good adsorption was obtained in the activated carbon produced from Swedish pine while using Cuban pine a higher adsorption was obtained with an impregnation ratio of 2. The experiments with Zinc Sulfate activation show that influence of the sulfate concentration (between 10 % and 40 %) and temperature (between 400 °C and 500°C) on the properties for ammonia adsorption in the produced activated carbon was considerable for low impregnation ratio (0.5 and 1). In general, activation conditions of 20% zinc sulfate concentration, 400 °C and impregnation ratio: 1 are enough to produce an activated carbon with good properties for ammonia adsorption. The adsorption of carbon tetrachloride was lower. Activated carbons produced with 10 % zinc sulfate concentration, 0.5 impregnation ratio and 400 °C activation temperature (the mildest studied conditions) show already good iodine number and BET surface area. The main conclusion from the thesis work is that the optimal conditions vary widely with wanted results. Therefore a suggestion for future work is to narrow the research to fewer variables and more repetition of the samples.
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Mebrahtu, Michael Kidane. "Aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge from biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5025.
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Includes bibliographical references.Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a biological sludge that contains biodegradable and non-biodegradable volatile suspended solids (VSS) and non-volatile inorgainic suspended solids (ISS). Stabilization for safe disposal of the WAS is a process of paramount importance at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Hence, aerobic digestion of the WAS from biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) systems was carried out under batch conditions to (1) measure changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in solid and liquid phases during aerobic batch digestion tests (2) simulate the parent system with Activated Sludge Model No. 2 (ASM-2) in AQUASIM computer program to obtain the initial conditions for batch test simulation (3) simulate the batch aerobic digestion process with ASM-2 and compare with experimental data (4) develop VSS-based and total suspended solids (TSS) (with the addition of ISS to the VSS-based) batch reactor and steady state models for aerobic digestion of nitrification denitrification biological excess phosphorus removel (NDBEPR) WAS based on the individual biomass die-off rates of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs), and (5) evaluate the ASM-2 simulation results with steady state aerobic batch digestion model.
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Morinville, Anne. "Peroxovanadium complexes activate mitogen activated protein kinases : consequences for growth factor signaling and cellular survival." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/MQ55080.pdf.
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Shi, Xinlong. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30731884.
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Black, Kelsey. "Analysis of Voice Activated Artifacts." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10683253.
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This purpose of this thesis is to analyze voice-activated recording artifacts, using a playback audio created in Adobe Audition. To show how an automated voice recorder with standby mode treats the silence of a recording. This thesis focuses on the WAV PCM format. The WS-550M, WS-560M, and the DM-520 recorders did not have the option to create a WAV PCM file, therefore the WS-550M and the 560M created MP3 files and the DM-520 created a WMA file. Each of the recorders have automated standby mode. The recorders were set to create a WAV PCM that was a 16-bit stereo file at 44kHz. The following is a list of the devices that will be used in this study. Olympus DM-520, Olympus DM-620, Olympus WS-550M, Olympus WS-560M, Olympus WS-700M, Olympus WS-700M, Olympus WS-750M, Olympus WS-760M, Olympus WS-802, Olympus WS-822, Olympus WS-823, Philips Voice Tracer.
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Bradbury, Adam John, and babradbury@optusnet com au. "METAL ION ACTIVATED ANION SENSORS." Flinders University. School of Chemistry Physics and Earth Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080319.125059.
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A series of new, octadentate, fluorescent, macrocyclic ligands have been prepared with a view to using them to study aromatic anion sequestration. The eight-coordinate Cd(II) complexes of the ligands have been shown capable of acting as receptors for a range of aromatic oxoanions. This has been demonstrated by perturbation of both 1H NMR chemical shift values and the anthracene derived fluorescence emission intensity as the potential guest anion and the host are combined. Non-linear least squares regression analysis of the resulting titration curves leads to the determination of binding constants in 20% aqueous 1,4-dioxane which lie in the range 10^2.3 M-1 (benzoate) to 10^7.5 M-1 (2,6-dihydroxybenzoate). By reference to the X-ray determined structures of related, but non-fluorescent inclusion complexes, the primary anion retention force is known to arise from hydrogen bonding between the anion and four convergent hydroxy groups that exist at the base of a cavity that develops in the complexes as their aromatic groups juxtapose upon coordination. This work reveals significant stability enhancement when hydroxy groups are positioned on the anion at points where O-H...pi hydrogen bonding to the aromatic rings that constitute the walls of the cavity becomes geometrically possible.
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Fox, M. T. "Characterisation of protease activated receptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599152.
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In order to characterise the thrombin receptor three mouse monoclonal antibodies were isolated by using a recombinant fusion protein incorporating the extracellular domain of the human thrombin receptor as an antigen. An affinity matrix prepared from one monoclonal antibody was used in the successful purification of the native receptor from human platelet membranes. Two of the monoclonal antibodies were capable of blocking thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and this may lead to their use as possible platelet thrombin receptor antagonists. To characterise further the monoclonals, their epitopes were mapped. In addition the cDNA encoding the antibodies variable regions were cloned and sequenced. By using this procedure, the amino acid sequence of the antibody complementarity determining regions (CDRs) involved in binding to the target epitope were determined. The recently discovered human protease activated-2 receptor (hPAR-2) was studied using rabbit polyclonal antibodies generated with a multiple antigenic peptide comprising a region around the protease cleavage site. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry using affinity purified antibodies detected expression of hPAR-2 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, keratinocytes and granulocytes. The expression of both PAR-2 and thrombin receptor were analysed using Northern analysis in a wide variety of murine haematopoietic cell lines. This analysis revealed the widespread distribution of the thrombin receptor. In contrast expression of PAR-2 was not observed in haematopoietic cells, suggesting that it is a marker of terminal differentiation in granulocytes. To identify potential activators of PAR-2, a variety of serine proteases were tested using a chloromethylketone inhibitor based on the peptide sequence of the cleavage site. These experiments revealed three potential trypsin-like enzymes that may activate PAR-2 in vivo namely, pancreatic trypsin, mast-cell tryptase and acrosin.
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Chinn, Matthew. "The impregnation of activated carbon." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247377.
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This thesis describes a study into the impregnation of activated carbon. A wide selection of commercially available activated carbons were impregnated with triethylaminediamine (TEDA). The utilisation of this impregnant was measured using custom built dynamic filtration apparatus. A discussion of the influence of carbon morphology and affinity for water vapour on impregnant utilisation is given. Purpose built adsorption apparatus enabled the first recorded isotherms of TED A on activated carbon to be measured. The isotherms allowed the location of the impregnant TED A in activated carbons to be determined. The majority of TEDA was shown to be located within the micropore region but at high partial pressure mesopore adsorption also took place. This apparatus was further used to control the rate of impregnation by varying temperature. By assessing the utilisation of TEDA on samples impregnated at different rates it was demonstrated that a low rate of impregnation is beneficial. Possible reasons for this observation are proposed. The use of novel metal doped carbons for hydrogen cyanide (HeN) adsorption was also investigated as part of this study. The carbons were prepared by co-workers at the University of Huddersfield who used ion-exchange of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with various transition metals prior to carbonisation and activation. Assessment of these materials required the adaptation of inverse gas chromatography and the construction of new apparatus capable of assessing the filtration performance of very small scale (~ 10 mg) powdered samples. The subsequent assessment of samples enable iterative improvement of the performance of these materials. These metal doped carbons were shown to possess a high capacity for HeN which was attributed to the high dispersion of metal within the activated carbon matrix. This work resulted in the granting of a patent for novel metal doped carbons for HeN removal. Further studies with metal impregnants on activated carbon included the optimisation of cobalt acetate/TEDA formulations in order to promote adsorption of HeN and cyanogen chloride. This resulted in the observation of synergy between different impregnant species on activated carbons.
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Shi, Xinlong, and 史昕龍. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30731884.
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Mayes, Joanna Louise. "Experiments with the activated presence." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2460.
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This thesis considers how the making of artwork can enhance or develop an experience of being present. This is done through researching what it means to be present within the moment and how this can be shared with audience. An exploration and analysis of this way of working is provided, both in terms of the research process and artwork outcomes made as a consequence of it. The entanglement of process with outcome is central, as is the interrelatedness between personal research and artworks presented to audience. Activated presence refers to a way of researching, making and presenting performative artwork; artwork made from a place of attention to the moment. This is the expanded moment of Eastern philosophy, Christian mysticism and the new physics; what Varela describes as the 'deep now' (qtd. in Mulder 18). This notion of activated presence also refers to, and acknowledges, the collaboration between ideas, materials, artist and audience in the creation of artwork. My initial approach is to make personal research explorations, utilising the terrain of Dartmoor1 as a starting point, with walking and documenting as essential tools for this exploration of presence. Initial plans to create outcomes utilising digital technologies are dispensed with in favour of physical exploration of site, utilising audio-visual recording technologies as tools for the documentation of presence. These documentary outcomes form the basis for further investigations, whether through installation or video artwork. A more direct and inclusive relationship to audience is then considered; where the artwork outcomes investigate and acknowledge the notion of activated presence, through audience participation. This practice forms the heart of the thesis, through both critical and reflective writing, and associated audio-visual documentation. Also included are short edits of associated video artwork (DVD and DVD Rom).
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Mayeux, Annabelle. "Towards light-activated molecular devices." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412647.
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Segar, Richard William Moore. "Activated tungsten inert gas welding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621314.
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Guo, Manman. "Phagosome proteomes in activated macrophages." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c5a94702-2164-4acc-9763-bdfcaf1229dc.
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Macrophages play key roles in innate and adaptive immune systems not only in the response to pathogens but also in tissue homeostasis. They are extremely plastic and recognize external stimuli such as cytokines with substantial changes to the proteome and molecular functions. One major macrophage function altered by cytokine activation is phagocytosis and phagosome maturation, through which macrophages engulf foreign material such as microbes or apoptotic cells to form phagosomes which then fuse with endosome and finally lysosomes, where the particles are finally degraded. My project aims at investigating the phagosome functions regulated in activated macrophages and further exploring the mechanism by which alternative activation regulates phagosome biogenesis. First of all, a comparison of phagosome proteomes of BMDMs and RAW 264.7 cells was performed, suggesting that there are significant differences for a large number of proteins including important receptors such as mannose receptor 1 and Siglec-1. Moreover, BMDM phagosomes mature considerably faster when validated using fluorogenic phagosome function assays. For the main goal of my project, I have performed a thorough proteomics analysis of the phagosome proteomes of non-activated (RestingMΦ), alternative-activated (IL4 treated, AAMΦ), classical-activated (LPS and IFNγ treated, CAMΦ) and reprogrammed (IL4 activated then LPS and IFNγ treated, ReMΦ) BMDMs. Results indicate that alternative activation leads to phagosomal recruitment of proteins in favour of apoptotic cell clearance, enhanced fusion with lysosomes as well as with parts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Both proteomics and phagosome function assays showed that the phagosome maturation is enhanced in AAMΦ and reduced in CAMΦ and ReMΦ. As side projects, I have also compared phagosome proteomes in IL4 treated, IL13 treated and IL10 treated BMDMs and analysed cellular total proteomes of AAMΦ and RestingMΦ. Furthermore, proteomic data suggest the specific recruitment of TAK1/MKK7/JNK signalling to the phagosomes in AAMΦ, which was confirmed by immunoblotting and fluorescence microscopy. I uncovered that K63 polyubiquitylation of phagosomal proteins is enhanced in AAMΦ, which is responsible for the translocation of TAK1 complex. In AAMΦ, 55 K63 polyubiquitylation sites on 33 phagosomal proteins were identified, including macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1/SRA). This receptor was further found to be specifically polyubiquitylated on phagosomes upon alternative activation, and MSR1 activation leads to enhanced JNK activation in AAMΦ. Finally, three hypotheses of the function of JNK pathway on phagosomes were described. Firstly, proteomics reveals a reduction of ER and lipid metabolic proteins to phagosomes by the inhibition of JNK, suggesting that TAK1/MKK7/JNK signalling might regulate phagosomal lipid handling. Secondly, JNK might phosphorylate the lipid-activated transcription factor, PPARγ, to regulate macrophage gene expression in lipid metabolism. Finally, loss of MSR1 impairs oxLDL induced JNK activation and M2-to-M1 shift of macrophages, indicating that MSR1/JNK cascade mediates phenotypic shift of AAMΦ upon lipid laden. In conclusion, the work in this thesis provides comprehensive characterisation of phagosomal and cellular proteomes in activated BMDMs. Moreover, TAK1/MKK7/JNK signalling was found for the first time to be specially recruited to phagosomes by K63 polyubiquitylation, and 55 novel K63 polyubiquitylation sites on 33 phagosomal proteins were identified, including MSR1. We hypothesise that JNK signalling might regulate lipid metabolism in AAMΦ.
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Church, William Travis. "Laser Activated Bonding of Wood." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76888.
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It was found that laser modified wood surfaces can be bonded together to create a wood composite without the need of any additive. This bonding method removes the need of applying adhesive, potentially lowers cost, and eliminates off gassing of petroleum resins, creating a wood product with many eco-friendly attributes. This body of work outlines a) initial chemical analysis of the laser modified surface b) its bond strength and c) the optimization of factors that control the strength of the bond.
Surface chemical analysis on laser modified wood was conducted using photo acoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (PA-FTIR) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were utilized for surface topology analysis.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) quantified the thermal properties of the modified wood surface. Screening of multiple factors that would contribute to surface modification and adhesion was performed utilizing mechanical testing. Optimization of significant factors that affect bond strength was determined statistically utilizing a design of experiment approach.
Chemical analysis of the laser modified surface revealed changes in the carbonyl and aromatic regions indicating modification of the hemicellulose and lignin components, intensifying with increasing laser modification.The C1/C2 ratios found via XPS revealed that one or more of the following is occurring: more extractives have moved to the surface, condensation reactions among lignin units, and the loss of methoxy and breakage of aryl ether linkages occurred.Microscopy images showed color changes to a darker caramel color with a smoothing of surface topology, suggesting the occurrence of the softening and/or melting of wood polymers. DSC verified chemical and/or physical changes in the wood with the modified material now having a glass transition temperature between 130-150°C.DOE found that laser parameters (power and focus) as well as hot press parameters (temperature and pressure) were significant in optimizing the bond.
The impact of the study is the first documentation of the ability to laser modifies wood surfaces and subsequently bond them together. The ability of the wood polymers at the surface to undergo flow at elevated temperature is implicated in the adhesion mechanism of the laser modified wood.Master of Science
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MELLO, SIMON. "VATS : Voice-Activated Targeting System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279837.
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Machine learning implementations in computer vision and speech recognition are wide and growing; both low- and high-level applications being required. This paper takes a look at the former and if basic implementations are good enough for real-world applications. To demonstrate this, a simple artificial neural network coded in Python and already existing libraries for Python are used to control a laser pointer via a servomotor and an Arduino, to create a voice-activated targeting system. The neural network trained on MNIST data consistently achieves an accuracy of 0.95 ± 0.01 when classifying MNIST test data, but also classifies captured images correctly if noise-levels are low. This also applies to the speech recognition, rarely giving wrong readings. The final prototype achieves success in all domains except turning the correctly classified images into targets that the Arduino can read and aim at, failing to merge the computer vision and speech recognition.Maskininlärning är viktigt inom röstigenkänning och datorseende, för både små såväl som stora applikationer. Syftet med det här projektet är att titta på om enkla implementationer av maskininlärning duger för den verkligen världen. Ett enkelt artificiellt neuronnät kodat i Python, samt existerande programbibliotek för Python, används för att kontrollera en laserpekare via en servomotor och en Arduino, för att skapa ett röstaktiverat identifieringssystem. Neuronnätet tränat på MNIST data når en precision på 0.95 ± 0.01 när den försöker klassificera MNIST test data, men lyckas även klassificera inspelade bilder korrekt om störningen är låg. Detta gäller även för röstigenkänningen, då den sällan ger fel avläsningar. Den slutliga prototypen lyckas i alla domäner förutom att förvandla bilder som klassificerats korrekt till mål som Arduinon kan läsa av och sikta på, vilket betyder att prototypen inte lyckas sammanfoga röstigenkänningen och datorseendet.
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Barthel, Ben. "Enzymatically-activated prodrugs of doxazolidine." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337074.
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Determan, Matthew Delos. "Thermally activated miniaturized cooling system." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29618.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Garimella, Srinivas; Committee Member: Allen, Mark; Committee Member: Fuller, Tom; Committee Member: Jeter, Sheldon; Committee Member: Wepfer, William. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Ma, Xiao. "Active Ingredient of Chinese Medicinal Plant Rapidly Activates 5'AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Skeletal Muscle." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120443.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第15477号
人博第507号
新制||人||124(附属図書館)
21||人博||507(吉田南総合図書館)
27955
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)准教授 林 達也, 教授 津田 謹輔, 教授 森谷 敏夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Graham, Brian Robert. "Comparison of powdered activated carbon and activated sludge treatment of a kraft pulp mill wastewater." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10257.
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The Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment$\rm\sp{TM}$ (PACT$\rm\sp{TM})$ process consists of powdered activated carbon addition to the activated sludge treatment process. Objectives were (1) to compare treatment of kraft pulp mill wastewater using activated sludge versus PACT$\rm\sp{TM},$ by measuring toxicity, organic load, adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and metals and (2) to assess how three operating conditions: (1) carbon dose; (2) hydraulic retention time; (3) solids retention time, affected performance. Findings were: (1) Lengthy hydraulic retention times are unnecessary. Short hydraulic retention times (4 h) provide adequate treatment. (2) Activated sludge treatment alone removes most biochemical oxygen demand, PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ offers no improvement. PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ improves removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand. PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ improves removal of AOX. Powdered activated carbon dose is the sole determinant of this increased removal. (3) Activated sludge treatment alone removes Microtox$\rm\sp{TM}$ toxicity. PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ slightly improves treatment of highly toxic wastewaters. Significant chronic toxicity towards Ceriodaphnia remains in effluents from both activated sludge and PACT$\rm\sp{TM}.$ Both treatments remove toxicity to Ceriodaphnia, but PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ effluents are more toxic. Powdered activated carbon alone exhibits toxicity to Ceriodaphnia. (4) The effect of PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ on removal of metals is inconclusive. (5) PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ treatment of kraft mill wastewater would be very expensive. (6) PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ has limited benefits over activated sludge for the treatment of kraft mill wastewater, therefore PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ is not recommended for treatment of kraft mill wastewater.
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Murrell, Ruth Dorothy. "The effects of non-ionic anaesthetic substances on voltage-activated and acetylcholine-activated ion channels." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293762.
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Kanke, Toru. "Regulation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) mediated by proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248779.
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Streicher, John Michael. "The role of mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase-2 in regulating p38 mitogen activated protein kinase induced cyclooxygenase-2 induction and heart failure." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1872200951&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bajracharya, Asnika Bajracharya. "Removal of Microcystin-LR Using Powdered Activated Carbon: Effects of Water Quality and Activated Carbon Property." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500594334891353.
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Reddy, Reddy Pratyusha. "Comparative Study of Adsorption of Dyes onto Activated Carbon and Modified Activated Carbon by Chitosan Impregnation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1525171939645615.
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Kanzian, Tanja. "Reactivity Parameters for Enamine Activated Reactions." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-121580.
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Holmes, Richard James. "Chemical modification of activated carbon adsorbents." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5378.
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Activated carbons have been modif fed using reactive chemicals to produce adsorbents of enhanced hydrophobic character which will also be resistant to surface oxidation that results from exposure to humid air ("ageing"). The intention was that modification would not disrupt the carbon pore structure. The adsorptive properties of the modified carbons have been investigated using probe molecules Including nitrogen, water, hexane, and chloropicrin, and the ageing characteristics of the carbons, and the factors controlling the adsorption of a model hydrophobic vapour from high humidity air have been studied. Directly fluorinated carbons were unstable, probably due to weakly adsorbed fluorine. Treatment of these adsorbents with other chemicals indicated the potential of the technique for Introducing specific functional groups onto the carbon surface. Carbons modified using selective fluorinating reagents (hexafluoropropene and 1,1-difluoroethene) were more hydrophobic, and adsorbed hydrophobic vapours more efficiently from humid air in comparison to controls. These adsorbents aged, but at a reduced rate in comparison to control carbon. Carbons modified using chlorinating reagents (carbonyl chloride and chlorine) and treated with solvents to remove adsorbed reagent and/or reaction products were of improved hydrophobic character, and adsorbed hydrophobic vapours from humid air at least as efficiently as the control samples. More importantly, these carbons offered resistance to ageing effects. A study of the factors controlling the efficiency with which hydrophobic vapours; are adsorbed from humid air revealed that the surface chemistry of the carbon is important, but that under typical conditions of use, filter performance was limited by the rate at which water displaced by the organic vapour could be carried away by the airstream. The results illustrate that filters containing chemically modified activated carbon offer advantages when volatile hydrophobic contaminant vapours are present, and where ageing effects are an important mechanism by which filtration efficiency is degraded.
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Karimi-Jashni, Ayoub. "Electrochemical reactivation of granular activated carbon." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6200.
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The main objectives of this dissertation were to refine electrochemical GAC reactivation technology, a promising alternative technology, and to investigate its technical feasibility. The specific objectives of the study were: (1) to evaluate alternative reactor designs; (2) to assess the effect of contaminant and GAC types on the regeneration efficiency; (3) to study the electrolyte post-treatment; and (4) to investigate reactivation mechanisms and model them. To achieve these objectives many interrelated topics were investigated using phenol, 2-nitrophenol (2NP) and naturally occurring background organic matter (NOM) as adsorbates and Filtrasorb 400 (F-400), Westvaco Carbon (WV-B), Darco Norit, and Filtrasorb 300 (F-300) as adsorbents. The impact of reactor operation conditions (reactivation time, current density, pH) on the reactivation efficiency showed that the reactivation efficiency (RE%) could be increased to a maximum by increasing the current and/or time. It was concluded that electrochemical reactivation of GAC is contaminant-type dependent. The reactivation efficiencies of F-400 loaded with 2NP and phenol at different reactivation currents and times showed similar patterns. A comparison of the percent reactivation of GACs showed that F-400 and WV-B performed essentially the same for the tested conditions. Total destruction of desorbed contaminants and their by-products were possible. Desorbed phenol and 2NP from loaded GAC react to form a number of reaction by-products that are eventually oxidized to CO2 and H 2O. The main mechanism responsible for electrochemical reactivation is high-pH induced desorption at the cathode. It accounts for approximately 50--60% of the total reactivation of a single layer of GAC. It is recommended that the GAC electrochemical reactivation should be a three step process. First, the GAC is reactivated with a relatively low current to minimize potential alterations of the GAC surface. Second, the GAC is drained and rinsed with a buffered solution. Finally, the electrolyte is treated electrochemically for an extended time at a much higher current (and possibly a different electrode) to reduce the electrolyte's TOC so that it may be reused or discharged. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Cen, Jianqi. "Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbon." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6754.
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Laboratory experiments have investigated the feasibility of granular activated carbon (GAC) regeneration via an electrochemical technique. GAC was loaded with phenol by batch adsorption tests, electrochemically regenerated and finally reloaded with phenol. Regeneration was conducted by placing GAC on a platinum elecotrode within a batch reactor filled with electrolyte (generally a 1% NaCl solution), and applying a current to the reactor. Limited experiments show that cathodic regeneration is more efficient than anodic regeneration; the investigation concentrates on the former. Although anodic regeneration is more efficient in destroying residual phenol in the electrolyte, cathodic regeneration can also eliminate these residuals by using longer regeneration times and/or higher currents. Increasing the regeneration current and time could increase the regeneration efficiency (RE) up to 94 percent. Lower currents applied for longer regeneration times yield similar results with slightly lower energy consumption. REs are also significantly affected by the electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, and GAC particle size, but not by the carbon loading. Multiple regenerations only reduced the REs by an additional 2 percent per cycle. Preliminary analysis indicates that electrochemical regeneration is less expensive than thermal regeneration as it has no obvious carbon losses. Since this electrochemical regeneration process is technologically feasible and probably more economical than thermal regeneration, it merits further investigation.
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Comfurius, Paul. "Phospholipid flip-flop in activated platelets." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5515.
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Andréasson, Claes. "Ligand-activated proteolysis in nutrient signaling /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-075-3/.
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Amyes, T. L. "Mechanisms of carboxyl-activated elimination reactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383698.
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Carvalho, Leslie Bosco. "Protein adsorption on powdered activated carbon." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415009.
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Hu, Shu-Hong. "Crystallographic studies on activated glycogen phosphorylase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291283.
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魏燕萍 and Yin-ping Ngai. "p21-activated kinases in endometrial carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40738528.
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Al-Otaibi, Saud. "Performance of alkali-activated slag concrete." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3453/.
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The environmental concerns related to the production of cement in terms of the energy consumption and the emission of CO2 lead to the search for more environmentally viable alternatives to cement. One of those alternative materials is alkali-activated slag (AAS) where ground granulated blast furnace slag is used not as a partial replacement to cement but as the sole binder in the production of concrete. The performance of alkali-activated slag concrete with sodium silicate (water glass) as an activator was studied. The scope of the work covered seven mixes: a normal strength OPC control mix, a blended OPC/Slag mix of similar compressive strength but of lower water to binder ratio, a second OPC control mix of a water to binder ratio similar to that of the OPC/Slag mix, and four alkali-activated slag mixes of the same binder content and the same water to binder ratio as those of the second OPC mix. The AAS mixes were prepared with slag as the sole binder, activated with water glass at two dosages, 4% and 6% Na2O (by weight of slag). Two types of water glass were used, one in a solution form and the other in a solid granules form. The two forms of the activator used were also of different silicate modulus (Ms); 1.65 for the solution form and 1.0 for the granule form. Different curing regimes were used including normal water curing, air dry curing and accelerated autoclave heat curing. The fresh concrete properties studied were setting time, workability and air content. The engineering properties studied were compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity and drying shrinkage. The durability potential of alkali-activated stag concrete was investigated by testing for oxygen permeability, chloride penetration resistance, porosity, carbonation, and alkali-silica reaction. The hydration of alkali-activated slag was studied using x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry techniques. Alkali-activated slag concrete was found to achieve good workability which was, comparable to that of OPC and OPCfslag concrete. The increase of the Na2O dosage resulted in a lower workability and the activator with higher silicate modulus exhibited lower workability. AAS concrete however, sets rapidly if not controlled by the addition of lime. The main hydration products in the AAS systems were C-S-H (I) and hydrotalcite as observed in the XRD patterns with autoclaving resulting in the formation of a more crystalline C-S-H gel and the possible formation of xonotlite. The mechanical properties of AAS concrete are highly influenced by the activator's silicate modulus and the Na2O dosage where strength was found to be higher with the higher modulus and dosage. The AAS concrete is very sensitive to curing and dry curing resulted in a reduction in strength for AAS concrete much more than that for OPC concrete. Accelerated curing (autoclave) increased the initial gain of strength in AAS concrete but eventually gave results close to those of water curing. Using a waterglass activator with Ms = 1.65 and 6% Na2O resulted in the highest drying shrinkage where as it is lower when the dosage is less and the modulus is lower. Autoclave curing of AAS concrete reduces the drying shrinkage as it causes the formation of more crystalline products of hydration. The increase of the Na2O dosage in AAS concrete, where the activator has an M. = 1.0, results in a decrease in porosity, but in the case of the AAS concrete, with the activator having Ms = 1.65, the porosity increases with the increase of the Na20 dosage. Dry curing increases the porosity of all the concrete mixes. The porosity test results are influenced by the sample preconditioning prior to testing. The alkali-silica test results show that replacing 60% OPC by slag reduces the expansion of concrete prisms containing reactive aggregates. They also indicate that AAS concrete has low susceptibility to ASR expansion because of stronger binding of alkalis in the hydration products. The carbonation test results show that OPCIslag concrete undergoes higher carbonation than OPC concrete with the same w/c ratio. AAS concrete with low compressive strength around 40 MPa has higher carbonation compared to OPC concrete of the same grade while the carbonation is lower with higher strength.
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Evenett, K. M. "Activated sludge : Surface properties and settlement." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380061.
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Humphreys, Paul Nigel. "Biological denitrification in activated sludge systems." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303974.
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