Relevant bibliographies by topics / Activated sludge

Academic literature on the topic 'Activated sludge'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Activated sludge"

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Noyola, Adalberto, and Gloria Moreno. "Granule production from raw waste activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0633.

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Granulation is an important characteristic of sludges used in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. As the UASB technology is rapidly spreading, there is a need of granular sludge for inoculation of new reactors, particularly in those countries where anaerobic technologies have been just recently accepted. Alternative sources of inocula are digested sludge, digested manure, septic tank sludges and pond sediments. Raw waste activated sludges have also been identified as a convenient material for reactor seeding, with previous treatment. In this work, anaerobic flocculant sludge obtained from raw waste activated sludge has been granulated with hydraulic stress, in a lab-scale column under different upflow velocities (1 to 50 m h−1). A methodology is proposed for enhancing the quality of non granular anaerobic sludges in batch treatments of less than 8 hours. The granular sludge produced was used as inoculum for a UASB lab scale reactor. The seed sludge improved all its characteristics and maintained the granulation, in spite of the low velocity (0.08 m h−1) applied.
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de Beer, Dirk, Andreas Schramm, Cecilia M. Santegoeds, and Helle K. Nielsen. "Anaerobic processes in activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1998): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0726.

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We found anoxic zones in aerated activated sludge flocs, and demonstrated denitrification under normal operating conditions. Sulfate reduction was not found. Micro-environments and microbial conversions in flocs from bulking and non-bulking activated sludge were determined with microsensors for H2S, O2, NO2− and NO3−. Denitrification and sulfate reduction rates were mmeasured with 15N- and 35S-tracer techniques. We showed that under normal reactor conditions (ca. 20% air saturation) anoxic zones develop within flocs allowing denitrification. The denitrification rates amounted to 40% of the rates under anoxic conditions. At 100% air saturation no anoxic zones were found and no denitrification occurred. However, in flocs from bulking sludge (at 20% air saturation) anoxic zones were absent and denitrification did not occur. In bulking sludge only at total anoxia was denitrification found. Confocal microscopy showed that flocs from bulking sludge were much looser than those from non-bulking sludge. The absence of anoxic zones and of denitrification was attributed to the open floc structure, allowing advective oxygen transport. Sulfate reduction was not detected in any of the sludges tested by microsensors or by tracer techniques even under anoxic conditions. this indicates that the sulfur cycle (sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation) does not play a role in mineralization processes and bulking in activated sludge. Preliminary molecular work (in situ hybridization with the 16S-rRNA probe SRB385) indicated the presence of small amounts of sulfate reducing bacteria in all sludges. Either the probe is not specific or the sulfate reducers present are not active under reactor conditions.
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0123.

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A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from seven activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion process.
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 6 (March 1, 1999): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0290.

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A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from several activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion processes.
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Dregulo, A. M. "A STUDY OF HEAVY METAL COMPOSITIONS AND PHOSPHATES IN POLYMER SUBSTANCES OF THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE BIOMASS." Water and Ecology 25, no. 3 (2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.3.8-13.

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Introduction. Heavy metals discharged with wastewater can lead to a toxic effect on the microbiocenosis of activated sludge and significantly decrease the degree of wastewater treatment, which dictates the need for a more detailed study and search for ways to detoxify activated sludge at the recycling stage and, at the same time, solve the problems of the neutralization of sewage sludge for safe soil disposal. To ensure the adequacy of the approach to the choice of the methodology for the neutralization of sludge, including sewage sludge, it is necessary to perform compositional analysis of their organic fractions and heavy metal compositions. Methods. To determine the quantitative content of organic components in activated sludge, a sample of sludge was dried to an air-dry state and then subjected to separation into fractions using a method based on the different solubility of compounds with the use of different solvents. Then, extractants were added step by step to the weighted samples of sewage sludge weighing about 2 g each (in a volume 20 times greater than the weight of the weighted sample (40 ml)). Results. The results of the study show that polysaccharides are the dominant form of the organic fraction (polymers) in sewage sludge. Most heavy metals were identified in acidic polysaccharides, humic-like acids and lipids. Significant concentrations of phosphates were observed for the same components of polymer substances in the biomass of activated sludges. Conclusion. The products of extraction of polymer substances of the activated sludge biomass and the content of heavy metals in them may indicate the biosorption of heavy metals by zoogleal accumulations (having a polysaccharide structure) of activated sludges in aeration tanks during biological treatment. Therefore, extracellular biopolymers can be a “target” in the development of targeted technologies for the neutralization of activated sludges.
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Demel, I., and C. H. Möbius. "Improving the Settling of Activated Sludge by Chemical Additives." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0036.

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One of the main problems encountered in biological waste water treatment plant of papermills is poor settling of activated sludge in secondary sedimentation tanks. In many cases, activated sludge volume indices stay above 150 ml/g. Moreover, bulking of sludges in activated sludge plants of papermills is more frequent than usual. Bulking sludge is characterized by excessive growth of filamentous microorganisms. In a lab-scale activated sludge plant, tests were made to improve the settling of activated sludge by adding the following chemicals: Lime, alkaline activated bentonite, powdered lignite coke, polyelectrolytes used as flocculants. The findings reveal that dosage of the above additives actually gives improved sedimentation. Moreover, biochemical degradation becomes more effective if bentonite and powdered lignite coke are added. Test results are evaluated to determine the extent to which settling of the activated sludge and plant efficiency are improved, taking into account operational and waste water parameters. Using lime, bentonite, lignite coke or polyelectrolytes is an economic method of fighting or preventing acute or permanent problems caused by bulking sludge and high sludge volume indices.
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Ilyasov, O. R., M. V. Kirillov, I. I. Gavrilin, O. A. Bykova, and A. M. Asonov. "Resource-saving technology for dewatering and decontamination of activated sludge." E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128205003.

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The authors of the article consider the problem of the formation of huge volumes of liquid toxic activated sludge in the biochemical method of the residential area wastewater decontamination. At present, there are no effective technical solutions and technologies in terms of eliminating the negative impact of activated sludge on environmental components. The article examines the technologies that allow to involve activated sludges in reuse and use them as fertilizers in agriculture. A resource-saving biotechnology for activated sludge dewatering and decontamination from ecotoxicants has been developed. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of the process of heavy metal extraction from activated sludge.
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Aitken, Michael D., Phillip E. Heck, Richard O. Mines, and Joseph H. Sherrard. "Activated sludge." Water Environment Research 64, no. 4 (June 1992): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.1992.tb00009.x.

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Aitken, Michael D., Phillip E. Heck, Lisa Alvarez-Cohen, Stefan J. Grimberg, and William T. Stringfellow. "Activated sludge." Water Environment Research 65, no. 4 (June 1993): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.1993.tb00055.x.

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Ichihashi, O., H. Satoh, and T. Mino. "Sludge–sludge Interaction in the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Process." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 6 (March 1, 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.161.

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Metabolisms related to enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were found to be affected when two activated sludges with different EBPR activities were mixed together. In the present study, two laboratory scale EBPR processes were operated in parallel, one of them with higher and another with lower EBPR activities. The activated sludges from the two reactors were mixed together at different mixing ratios. The supernatant was made the same for all mixing ratios, anaerobic–aerobic batch experiments were performed, and acetate uptake rate and phosphate release rate under anaerobic conditions and phosphate uptake rate under aerobic condition were determined. The metabolic rates measured were expected to be linear to the mixing ratios, as the supernatant was the same for all mixing ratios, whereas the metabolic rates were either promoted or inhibited by mixing of sludges. As an indicator for the sludge mixing effect on the metabolic rates, mixing effect intensity (MEI) was introduced. Chemical substances that are produced by microorganisms in activated sludge are proposed to be one of the possible causes of the sludge mixing effect.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Activated sludge"

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Mebrahtu, Michael Kidane. "Aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge from biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5025.

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Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a biological sludge that contains biodegradable and non-biodegradable volatile suspended solids (VSS) and non-volatile inorgainic suspended solids (ISS). Stabilization for safe disposal of the WAS is a process of paramount importance at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Hence, aerobic digestion of the WAS from biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) systems was carried out under batch conditions to (1) measure changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in solid and liquid phases during aerobic batch digestion tests (2) simulate the parent system with Activated Sludge Model No. 2 (ASM-2) in AQUASIM computer program to obtain the initial conditions for batch test simulation (3) simulate the batch aerobic digestion process with ASM-2 and compare with experimental data (4) develop VSS-based and total suspended solids (TSS) (with the addition of ISS to the VSS-based) batch reactor and steady state models for aerobic digestion of nitrification denitrification biological excess phosphorus removel (NDBEPR) WAS based on the individual biomass die-off rates of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs), and (5) evaluate the ASM-2 simulation results with steady state aerobic batch digestion model.
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Shi, Xinlong. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30731884.

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Shi, Xinlong, and 史昕龍. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30731884.

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Evenett, K. M. "Activated sludge : Surface properties and settlement." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380061.

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Humphreys, Paul Nigel. "Biological denitrification in activated sludge systems." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303974.

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Park, Chul. "Cations and activated sludge floc structure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34253.

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This research was designed to investigate the effect of cations on activated sludge characteristics and also to determine their influence on digestion performance. For this purpose, cations in solution and in floc were evaluated along with various activated sludge characteristics and the collected waste activated sludge underwent both anaerobic and aerobic digestion. It was found that large amounts of biopolymer (protein + polysaccharide) remained in the effluent of WWTP that received high influent sodium but had low iron and aluminum in floc. However, sludges from plants with high sodium and high iron and aluminum dewatered well and produced high quality effluents, suggesting that iron and aluminum have significant positive effects on floc properties. Following anaerobic digestion, a significant increase in solution protein occurred and correlations between solution protein, ammonium production, percentile volatile solids reduction and iron in floc were obtained. These data indicate that iron-linked protein is released to solution when iron is reduced and its degradation is responsible for volatile solids reduction in anaerobic digestion. In aerobic digestion, polysaccharide in solution increased along with calcium, magnesium and inorganic nitrogen. This implies that divalent cation-bound biopolymer might be the primary organic fraction that is degraded under aerobic digestion. Combined (anaerobic/aerobic) digestion was performed and produced further volatile solids destruction with discrete cation and biopolymer response during each phase of digestion. These results support the theory that two types of organic matter with different cation bindings are present in floc and each type is degraded under different digestion processes.
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Kim, Min-Jin. "The effect of sludge retention time on dewaterability of activated sludge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58745.pdf.

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Burke, Russell Armstrong. "Biological excess phosphorus removal in short sludge age activated sludge systems." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7582.

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The objective of this investigation was to test, at laboratory-scale, the behaviour of short sludge age biological excess P removal systems, to assess the response of the systems under non-nitrifying and nitrifying conditions, to determine the optimal system configuration(s) and operational parameters, and to check the settling characteristics of the mixed liquor produced in the systems. A secondary objective was to use the observed response data to test the predictive qualities of both the general activated sludge model of Dold, Ekama. and Marais (1985) and the semi-empirical biological excess P removal model of Wentzel, Dold, Ekama and Marais (1984). The objectives were fulfilled by operating a number of laboratory scale anaerobic/aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic systems with varying sludge ages, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic mass fractions, mixed liquor recycle ratios and COD loading rates.
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Liu, Xiaoling. "Laboratory evaluation of microbial aggregation in activated in activated [sic] sludge." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202501487/.

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Kabouris, John C. "Stochastic control of the activated sludge process." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20306.

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Books on the topic "Activated sludge"

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J, Thiel Donald, Water Environment Federation. Activated Sludge Task Force., and Water Environment Federation. Municipal Subcommittee., eds. Activated sludge. 2nd ed. Alexandria, VA: Water Environment Federation, 2002.

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Water Pollution Control Federation. Task Force on Activated Sludge. and Water Pollution Control Federation. O & M Subcommittee., eds. Activated sludge. Alexandria, VA: Water Pollution Control Federation, 1987.

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Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management., ed. Activated-sludge treatment. London: Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, 1997.

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Henze, M. Activated sludge model. London: International Association on Water Quality, 1995.

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Richard, Michael G. Activated sludge microbiology. Alexandria, VA: Water Pollution Control Federation, 1989.

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Marshall, Rick. Industrial activated sludge operations. Corvallis, Or: Marshall Environmental Training and Consulting Group, 1999.

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Institute of Water Pollution Control. Unit processes: Activated sludge. Maidstone: Institute of Water Pollution Control, 1987.

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Respirometry of activated sludge. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Co., 1993.

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Gokgoz. Evaluation of activated sludge models. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.

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Seviour, R. J., and L. L. Blackall, eds. The Microbiology of Activated Sludge. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3951-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Activated sludge"

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Bungay, H. R. "Activated Sludge." In Computer and Information Science Applications in Bioprocess Engineering, 265–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0177-3_22.

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Wang, Lawrence K., Zucheng Wu, and Nazih K. Shammas. "Activated Sludge Processes." In Biological Treatment Processes, 207–81. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-156-1_6.

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Kayser, Rolf. "Activated Sludge Process." In Environmental Biotechnology, 79–119. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527604286.ch3.

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Yu, Ke, and Tong Zhang. "Activated Sludge Metagenomics." In Encyclopedia of Metagenomics, 6–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7475-4_717.

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Poon, Calvin P. C., Lawrence K. Wang, and Mu Hao Sung Wang. "Activated Sludge Processes." In Biological Treatment Processes, 229–303. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4820-0_6.

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Yu, Ke, and Tong Zhang. "Activated Sludge Metagenomics." In Encyclopedia of Metagenomics, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6418-1_717-3.

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Kayser, Rolf. "Activated Sludge Process." In Biotechnology, 253–83. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620944.ch13.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Activated Sludge System." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 871. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13048.

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Verma, Subhash. "Activated Sludge Process." In Water and Wastewater Engineering Technology, 421–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003347941-30.

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Yan, S., S. Bala Subramanian, R. D. Tyagi, and R. Y. Surampalli. "Bioplastics from Activated Sludge." In Sustainable Sludge Management, 123–45. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784410516.ch06.

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Conference papers on the topic "Activated sludge"

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Jiang, Yamin, Xiaoming Hou, and Yuanlong Zhang. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production by Activated Sludge: Effects of Activated Sludge Organisms, PH and Initial Sludge Polyhydroxyalkanoates Content." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5518264.

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Xu, Chengbin, Quan Zhao, Wenye Wang, Xiping Ma, Lu Wang, and Xianzhu Li. "Activated sludge degradation of oil." In International conference on Human Health and Medical Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hhme131382.

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Qiong Wan, Dang-cong Peng, She-ping Wang, and Hong-fang Sun. "Quick start-up activated sludge system by inoculating primary sludge." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893325.

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Choo, Huong Pei, Shafishuhaza Sahlan, and Norhaliza Abdul Wahab. "System identification of activated sludge process." In 2012 IEEE Conference on Control, Systems & Industrial Informatics (ICCSII). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccsii.2012.6470488.

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Nabarlatz, D., J. Vondrysova, P. Jenicek, F. Stüber, J. Font, A. Fortuny, A. Fabregat, and C. Bengoa. "Extraction of enzymes from activated sludge." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080271.

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Process, Treatment, Ying-Bo Liu, Xi-Ju Zong, Yan-Xia Sun, and Xin-Gong Cheng. "An invariant observer for activated sludge wastewater." In 2016 13th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccwamtip.2016.8079875.

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Qiu, Liang, and Dan Yang. "PID fuzzy control of activated sludge system." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6067656.

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Stefanescu, Mihai, Laurentiu Dinu, and Costel Bumbac. "ULTRASONIC APPLICATION FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2018.ab20.

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Mines, Jr., Richard O., Laura W. Lackey, and David Tribble. "Bench-Scale Ozonation of Waste Activated Sludge." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)661.

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Huo, Jinsheng, Min Ji, and Yan Jiang. "Research and Application of Activated Sludge Models." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)581.

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Reports on the topic "Activated sludge"

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von Sperling, Marcos. Urban Wastewater Treatment in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009301.

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The major focus of this report is the description and critical analysis of the main wastewater treatment processes used in Brazil. Special emphasis is given to small to medium size communities with populations lower than 100,000 inhabitants, which represent approximately 95% of the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. In terms of coverage, around 40% of the sewage generated in Brazil is treated, with an estimated number of treatment plants in the order of 2,800. Based on a survey of 2,187 treatment plants, the configurations most widely adopted are: anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond; UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor; activated sludge; ponds followed by maturation ponds; septic tank followed by anaerobic filter. An assessment of the actual performance of 166 treatment plants showed a great variability in the effluent concentrations and in the removal efficiencies, with performances that were usually inferior to those reported in the technical literature. Data on capital cost expendituresindicated values ranging from R$60/inhabitant to R$650/inhabitant, depending on the treatment process employed. Due to the favorable climatic conditions in Brazil, there are no technical limitations for the adoption of biological sewage treatment. Traditional options incorporate stabilization ponds and activated sludge, but the more recent trend involves the adoption of UASB reactors followed by some form of post-treatment.
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Author, Not Given. Inhibition of respiration in activated sludge by high carbon dioxide concentration: A laboratory study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6098535.

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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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4

Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.

Full text
Abstract:
In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
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