Journal articles: 'Activated carbon/Methanol'

1

Palomo, José, José Rodríguez-Mirasol, and Tomás Cordero. "Methanol Dehydration to Dimethyl Ether on Zr-Loaded P-Containing Mesoporous Activated Carbon Catalysts." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132204.

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Activated carbons have been prepared by the chemical activation of olive stones with phosphoric acid and loaded with Zr. The addition of Zr to the phosphorus-containing activated carbons resulted in the formation of zirconium phosphate surface groups. Gas phase methanol dehydration has been studied while using the prepared Zr-loaded P-containing activated carbons as catalysts. Carbon catalysts showed high steady-state methanol conversion values, which increased with Zr loading up to a limit that was related to P content. The selectivity towards dimethyl ether was higher than 95% for all Zr loadings. Zirconium phosphate species that were present on catalysts surface were responsible for the catalytic activity.

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Tsoncheva, Tanya, Radostin Nickolov, Svetoslava Vankova, and Dimitar Mehandjiev. "CuO activated carbon catalysts for methanol decomposition to hydrogen and carbon monoxide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-146.

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A comparison of the abilities of CuO activated carbon catalysts, prepared by different copper precursors and preparation techniques, in the methanol decomposition reaction to carbon monoxide and hydrogen was undertaken. Higher catalytic activity and stability are found for the catalysts obtained from an ammonia solution of copper carbonate. The nature of the catalytic active complex in the samples is also discussed. Key words: methanol decomposition, CuO activated carbon catalysts, catalytic active complex.

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Girnik, Ilya, Alexandra Grekova, Larisa Gordeeva, and Yuri Aristov. "Activated Carbons as Methanol Adsorbents for a New Cycle “Heat from Cold”." Fibers 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8080051.

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Activated carbons are widely used for sustainable technology of adsorptive transformation and storage of heat. Here, we analyze the applicability of twelve commercial carbons and an innovative carbonaceous composite “LiCl confined to multi-wall carbon nanotubes” (LiCl/MWCNT) for a new cycle “Heat from Cold” (HeCol). It has recently been proposed for amplification of low- temperature ambient heat in cold countries. The analysis is made in terms of the methanol mass exchanged and the useful heat generated per cycle; the latter is the main performance indicator of HeCol cycles. The maximum specific useful heat, reaching 990 and 1750 J/g, can be obtained by using carbon Maxsorb III and the composite, respectively. For these materials, methanol adsorption dynamics under typical HeCol conditions are experimentally studied by the large pressure jump method. Before making this analysis, the fine carbon powder is consolidated by either using a binder or just pressing to obtain larger particles (ca. 2 mm). The methanol desorption from the consolidated samples of Maxsorb III at T = 2 °C is faster than for LiCl/MWCNT, and the maximum (initial) useful power reaches (2.5–4.0) kW/kg sorbent. It is very promising for designing compact HeCol units utilizing the carbon Maxsorb III.

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Wang, R. Z., J. P. Jia, Y. H. Zhu, Y. Teng, J. Y. Wu, J. Cheng, and Q. B. Wang. "Study on a New Solid Absorption Refrigeration Pair: Active Carbon Fiber—Methanol." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888021.

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Our experiments show that active carbon fiber (ACF) might be a good substitute for activated carbon (AC) as the refrigeration capacity Qf and adsorption time of ACF are three times more and 1/5 ∼ 1/10 of those of normal activated carbon (AC), respectively. The COP for ACF-methanol could be 10 percent ∼ 20 percent higher than that of AC-methanol. Thus ACF-methanol might be a good adsorption refrigeration pair for constructing adsorption refrigerators, especially those for household applications.

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Sugiartha, Nyoman. "Experimentation of an Activated Carbon/Methanol Solar Refrigerator." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 20, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v20i2.1822.

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SUDO, YOSHITAKA, and MOTOYUKI SUZUKI. "Regeneration of Furfural on Activated Carbon with Methanol." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 24, no. 2 (1998): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.24.329.

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Jurkiewicz, Martyna, and Robert Pełech. "Adsorption of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene from the Aqueous Phase onto Activated Carbons and Modified Carbon Nanotubes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (December 5, 2021): 13152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313152.

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This study aimed to describe the adsorption process of ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) onto activated carbons (ACs) and modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from the aqueous phase. The starting material NC_7000 carbon nanotubes were modified by chlorination (NC_C) and then by the introduction of hydroxyl groups (NC_C_B). The concentration of o-DCB in solutions was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. After adsorption, the activated carbons were regenerated by extraction with organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol; the carbon nanotubes were regenerated by methanol. The degree of adsorbate recovery was determined by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection, using ethylbenzene as an internal standard. The equilibrium isotherm data of adsorption were satisfactorily fitted by the Langmuir equations. The results indicate that carbon adsorbents are effective porous materials for removing o-DCB from the aqueous phase. Additionally, activated carbons are more regenerative adsorbents than carbon nanotubes. The recoveries of o-DCB from ACs were in the range of 76–85%, whereas the recoveries from CNTs were in the range of 23–46%. Modifications of CNTs affect the improvement of their adsorption properties towards o-DCB compared to unmodified CNTs. However, the introduction of new functional groups on carbon nanotube surfaces makes the regeneration process less effective.

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El-Nabarawy, Th, M. R. Mostafa, and A. M. Youssef. "Activated Carbons Tailored to Remove Different Pollutants from Gas Streams and from Solution." Adsorption Science & Technology 15, no. 1 (February 1997): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749701500106.

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Non-activated carbon ‘A’, physically-activated carbons P1–P4, zinc chloride-activated carbons Z1–Z4 and potassium sulphide-activated carbons K1–K4 were prepared from Maghara coal (Sinai, Egypt). The surface areas of these carbons were determined by investigating the adsorption of carbon dioxide at 298 K and of nitrogen at 77 K. The decolourization powers of the carbons were determined from methylene blue adsorption at 308 K. The adsorption of methanol, benzene, n-hexane, n-octane and α-pinene at 308 K was also determined using equilibrium and flow techniques. The removal of ammonia and phenol from water was investigated on some selected samples. The activated carbons showed high capacities towards the removal of organic pollutants from water and from gas streams via adsorption. Their capacity towards a particular pollutant depends on the method of activation and is related to the textural and/or the chemistry of the carbon surface.

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Jasińska, Jadwiga, Beata Krzyżyńska, and Mieczysław Kozłowski. "Influence of activated carbon modifications on their catalytic activity in methanol and ethanol conversion reactions." Open Chemistry 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0078-7.

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AbstractActivated carbons containing different surface functionalities have been investigated as catalysts in conversion reactions of ethanol and methanol. These carbon materials were prepared from Polish brown coal by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide and modified by the oxidation or reaction with ammonia or chlorine. The main process upon ethanol decomposition was its dehydrogenation, while in the process of methanol decomposition only a few samples were catalytically active, and the only product was dimethyl ether (a product of dehydration).

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Khaleel, Wissam H., Abdul Hadi N. Khalifa, and Hilal Tareq Abdulazeez. "Performance Study of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System Using Activated Carbon - Methanol." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.21040523.

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The depleting of the conventional sources of energy and the excess use of HCF components lead to the need for new techniques both for conservation of energy sources for the future and for decreasing the its harmful effects on the environment. This study investigated the adsorption capabilities of activated carbon. The adsorption of methanol on this substance was tested for their application in the adsorption refrigeration system based on solar energy. Adsorption refrigeration system has been designed and manufactured with the energy source being solar energy. Methanol/activated carbon pairs have been used in experiments. The present work focused on the performance of the adsorption refrigeration system considering the temperature attained in the evaporator and the cooled spaced cabinet. The amounts of activated carbon used was (8 kg), while the amount of methanol were (1, 1.25, and 1.5) kg. The experiments were done in different days of the year. The amount of adsorption of methanol (as a result of decreasing the evaporator and cooled spaced temperature) was found to depend on the generator pressure and its increase as the primary generator pressure decreases. The best mass of methanol used was (1 kg) which give the lowest temperature obtained at the evaporative surface was ( 3.4 oC ) at the day ( 4/4/2017 ). The results shown that even in cloudy days there is a benefit from using such a system because the temperature attained is enough to start the adsorption process. The lowest temperature obtained at the evaporative surface was (3.4 oC) at the day (4/4/2017) for methanol mass of (1 kg) at an opening time of the valve between the evaporator and the generator (9:30am). The increase of methanol amount used in the experiment led to a good decrease in temperature attained in cooled spaced, but this is related to the time of connecting the evaporator and generator.

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Feng, B., Cheng Yang Wang, and Bin Zhu. "Novel AC-MO-CSC Anode for Direct Methanol Low Temperature Ceramic Fuel Cells." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.494.

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Low temperature (300 to 650 °C) ceramic fuel cells (LTCFCs) were developed by using novel AC-MO-CSC anode material based on activated carbon (AC), transition metal oxides (MO) and ceria-salt composites (CSC). The activated carbon was first used to improve the characters of anode materials, especially to enhance the anode catalytic activity for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, e.g., methanol. The microstructure, conductivity and electrochemical properties of anode materials were investigated as functions of the activated carbon. Using the anode materials, maximum power density of 0.2 W cm-2 was achieved for fuel cells directly operating methanol at 600 °C.

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12

Tsoncheva, T., S. Vankova, O. Bozhkov, and D. Mehandjiev. "Rhenium and manganese modified activated carbon as catalyst for methanol decomposition." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-004.

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Bicomponent manganese and rhenium modified activated carbon materials, prepared by different methods, are studied and compared with the corresponding monocomponent materials as catalysts in methanol decomposition to CO and hydrogen. The best catalytic activity and stability is observed for the sample obtained by simultaneous deposition of Mn and Re precursors. The complex character of the catalytic active centre, including manganese and rhenium irons in various oxidative states, is discussed. The determining role of the Mn(II) ions in the improvement of the catalytic properties is assumed.Key words: rhenium, manganese, activated carbon, methanol decomposition.

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13

Narowska, Beata Edyta, Marek Kułażyński, and Marcin Łukaszewicz. "Application of Activated Carbon to Obtain Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091049.

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The methanolysis of refined vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, corn oil and olive oil) using a heterogeneous carbonaceous catalyst was studied. Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from beech tree wood and used as the support for KOH and a lipase catalyst. The reactions were carried out for 1–4 h at 60 °C with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and 0.5–1.5 wt.% KOH/AC. In contrast, the biotransformation of vegetable oils was carried out for 24 h at 40 °C with an alcohol-to-oil molar ratio of 4:1 and 5 wt.% lipase/AC. The highest methanolysis yield (99%) for the fatty acid methyl esters was obtained for lipase/AC. These data show that activated carbon is a promising supporter for KOH as well as for lipase in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. The use of both catalysts in the transesterification reaction may improve biodiesel production. The lipase/AC enables the reduction in methanol excess and eliminates waste formation, whereas the saponification of triglycerides is scanty when KOH/AC is used.

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14

Arbeláez-Pérez, Oscar Felipe, Sara Dominguez Cardozo, Andrés Felipe Orrego-Romero, Aida Luz Villa Holguin, and Felipe Bustamante Londoño. "Gas phase synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and CH3OH over Cu-Ni/AC. A kinetic study." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 95 (December 10, 2019): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20190941.

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The catalytic activity for dimethyl carbonate formation from carbon dioxide and methanol over mono and bimetallic Cu:Ni supported on activated carbon is presented. Bimetallic catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity than the monometallic samples, being Cu:Ni-2:1 (molar ratio) the best catalyst; X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and metal dispersion analysis provided insight into the improved activity. In situ FT-IR experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of formation of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide over Cu-Ni:2-1. The kinetics of the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate in gas phase over Cu:Ni-2:1 supported on activated carbon catalyst was experimentally investigated at 12 bar and temperatures between 90 oC and 130 oC, varying the partial pressures of CO2 and methanol. Experimental kinetic data were consistent with a Langmuir–Hinshelwood model that included carbon dioxide and methanol adsorption on catalyst actives sites (Cu, Ni and Cu-Ni), and the reaction of adsorbed CO2 with methoxi species as the rate determining step. The estimated apparent activation energy was 94.2 kJ mol-1.

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15

Park, Hyuk, Young T. Ro, and Young M. Kim. "MdoR Is a Novel Positive Transcriptional Regulator for the Oxidation of Methanol in Mycobacterium sp. Strain JC1." Journal of Bacteriology 193, no. 22 (September 9, 2011): 6288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.05649-11.

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Mycobacteriumsp. strain JC1 is able to grow on methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy using methanol:N,N′-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline oxidoreductase (MDO) as a key enzyme for methanol oxidation. The second open reading frame (mdoR) upstream of, and running divergently from, themdogene was identified as a gene for a TetR family transcriptional regulator. The N-terminal region of MdoR contained a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that MdoR could bind to amdopromoter region containing an inverted repeat. ThemdoRdeletion mutant did not grow on methanol, but growth on methanol was restored by a plasmid containing an intactmdoRgene. In DNase I footprinting and EMSA experiments, MdoR bound to two inverted repeats in the putativemdoRpromoter region. Reverse transcription-PCR indicated that themdoRgene was transcribed only in cells growing on methanol, whereas β-galactosidase assays showed that themdoRpromoter was activated in the presence of methanol. These results indicate that MdoR serves as a transcriptional activator for the expression ofmdoand its own gene. Also, MdoR is the first discovered member of the TetR family of transcriptional regulators to be involved in the regulation of the methanol oxidation, as well as to function as a positive autoregulator.

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Li, Rui. "Modified Activated Carbon for Gas Phase Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 142 (November 2011): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.142.221.

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Study of activated carbon (AC) activator modified type, bore temperature, the ratio of the response activity. Optimized modified conditions: activator of CuCl2, a temperature of 800 °C, the AC activator ratio of 1:1. AC carrier prepared by reaming modified copper catalyst activity than the non-reaming significantly increased activity in the evaluation of typical conditions, the methanol conversion rate of 34.6%, DMC selectivity was 96.4%, DMC space-time yield was 221.1g / (kgcat • h). CuCl2 activation of AC in the pore distribution of modified ratio of 98%, mainly between the 2 ~ 3nm. Pore structure of the catalyst carrier has a significant effect on the activity, a larger proportion of the pore size distribution and pore size of about 2.5 nm in the AC carrier is conducive to the dispersion of active components and oxidative carbonylation catalytic activity increased.

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Le, Thien-Kim, Su-Bin Ju, Hyewon Lee, Jin-Young Lee, So-Hyung Oh, Kil-Koang Kwon, Bong-Hyun Sung, Seung-Goo Lee, and Soo-Jin Yeom. "Biosensor-Based Directed Evolution of Methanol Dehydrogenase from Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031471.

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Methanol dehydrogenase (Mdh), is a crucial enzyme for utilizing methane and methanol as carbon and energy sources in methylotrophy and synthetic methylotrophy. Engineering of Mdh, especially NAD-dependent Mdh, has thus been actively investigated to enhance methanol conversion. However, its poor catalytic activity and low methanol affinity limit its wider application. In this study, we applied a transcriptional factor-based biosensor for the direct evolution of Mdh from Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (Lxmdh), which has a relatively high turnover rate and low KM value compared to other wild-type NAD-dependent Mdhs. A random mutant library of Lxmdh was constructed in Escherichia coli and was screened using formaldehyde-detectable biosensors by incubation with low methanol concentrations. Positive clones showing higher fluorescence were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) system, and their catalytic activities toward methanol were evaluated. The successfully isolated mutants E396V, K318N, and K46E showed high activity, particularly at very low methanol concentrations. In kinetic analysis, mutant E396V, K318N, and K46E had superior methanol conversion efficiency, with 79-, 23-, and 3-fold improvements compared to the wild-type, respectively. These mutant enzymes could thus be useful for engineering synthetic methylotrophy and for enhancing methanol conversion to various useful products.

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Wolak, Eliza, Elżbieta Vogt, and Jakub Szczurowski. "Modification of activated carbons for application in adsorption cooling systems." Technical Sciences 1, no. 22 (January 8, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ts.4350.

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In this paper commercially available activated WD-extra carbon (Gryfskand) which is applied for water treatment was used. Activated carbon was modified by the following chemical agents: H2O2, HNO3 and HCl. Chemical modifications significantly affect the chemical, structural and surface properties of activated carbons. Hydrophobization with ethereal stearic acid was performed on the raw material and samples after chemical modification. Hydrophobic properties of the samples were specified. The relationship of the chemical modification agents with hydrophobization degree was indicated. The thermal effects of wetting by methanol was measured. The heat of wetting was calculated. The purpose of the work was to modify the WD carbon properties to obtain an adsorbent for cooling systems characterized by both good thermal capacity and moisture resistance. The modifying chemical substances applied accounted for an increase in the concentration of the acid functional groups. The hydrophobized and HCl-modified WD(HCl) carbon has the best hydrophobized properties. The results of studies describing such modifications allow to conclude that the use of hydrophobic materials may lead to the production of sorbents with new functions facilitating their storage and use.

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Hallin, Sara, Ingela Noredal Throbäck, Johan Dicksved, and Mikael Pell. "Metabolic Profiles and Genetic Diversity of Denitrifying Communities in Activated Sludge after Addition of Methanol or Ethanol." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 8 (August 2006): 5445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00809-06.

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ABSTRACT External carbon sources can enhance denitrification rates and thus improve nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. The effects of adding methanol and ethanol on the genetic and metabolic diversity of denitrifying communities in activated sludge were compared using a pilot-scale plant with two parallel lines. A full-scale plant receiving the same municipal wastewater, but without external carbon source addition, was the reference. Metabolic profiles obtained from potential denitrification rates with 10 electron donors showed that the denitrifying communities altered their preferences for certain compounds after supplementation with methanol or ethanol and that methanol had the greater impact. Clone libraries of nirK and nirS genes, encoding the two different nitrite reductases in denitrifiers, revealed that methanol also increased the diversity of denitrifiers of the nirS type, which indicates that denitrifiers favored by methanol were on the rise in the community. This suggests that there might be a niche differentiation between nirS and nirK genotypes during activated sludge processes. The composition of nirS genotypes also varied greatly among all samples, whereas the nirK communities were more stable. The latter was confirmed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of nirK communities on all sampling occasions. Our results support earlier hypotheses that the compositions of denitrifier communities change during predenitrification processes when external carbon sources are added, although no severe effect could be observed from an operational point of view.

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Tsoncheva, Tanya, Svetoslava Vankova, and Dimitar Mehandjievc. "Methanol decomposition on copper and manganese oxides supported on activated carbon." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 80, no. 2 (2003): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:reac.0000006149.99996.5d.

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21

Eliasson, Baldur, Ulrich Kogelschatz, Bingzhang Xue, and Li-Ming Zhou. "Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol with a Discharge-Activated Catalyst." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37, no. 8 (August 1998): 3350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie9709401.

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Wang, L. W., J. Y. Wu, R. Z. Wang, Y. X. Xu, and S. G. Wang. "Experimental study of a solidified activated carbon-methanol adsorption ice maker." Applied Thermal Engineering 23, no. 12 (August 2003): 1453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(03)00103-0.

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Kumita, Mikio, Naohiro Yamawaki, Kie Shinohara, Hidenori Higashi, Akio Kodama, Noriyuki Kobayashi, Takafumi Seto, and Yoshio Otani. "Methanol adsorption behaviors of compression-molded activated carbon fiber with PTFE." International Journal of Refrigeration 94 (October 2018): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.07.036.

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Shevade, Abhijit V., Shaoyi Jiang, and Keith E. Gubbins. "Molecular simulation study of water–methanol mixtures in activated carbon pores." Journal of Chemical Physics 113, no. 16 (October 22, 2000): 6933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1309012.

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Oliveira, R. G., R. Z. Wang, and T. Xian Li. "Adsorption Characteristic of Methanol in Activated Carbon Impregnated with Lithium Chloride." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 10 (September 28, 2010): 1679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201000075.

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Babbitt, Callie W., Adriana Pacheco, and Angela S. Lindner. "Methanol removal efficiency and bacterial diversity of an activated carbon biofilter." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 24 (December 2009): 6207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.110.

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Taslim, Iriany, O. Bani, E. Audina, and R. Hidayat. "Preparation of activated carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) shell modified with KOH for biodiesel synthesis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 912, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012094.

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Abstract An attempt to synthesize a low-cost carbon-based heterogeneous catalyst from biomass has been explored. The focus of this research was investigating the carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm shell modified with KOH in biodiesel synthesis. Dry nipa palm shell powder was carbonized at 300°C for 1 h to produce carbon. The carbon was then modified by impregnation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The carbon and modified carbon were analyzed by SEM-EDX. The modified carbon was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of palm oil and methanol. Transesterification was carried out at 60°C and stirred at 300 rpm. Reaction time and catalyst load was observed. Highest biodiesel yield of 95.5% was obtained at 2 h reaction time, 3% catalyst load, and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. This preliminary study confirmed that KOH-modified carbon may act as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis.

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Horikawa, Toshihide, Masanori Takenouchi, Duong D. Do, Ken-Ichiro Sotowa, J. Rafael Alcántara-Avila, and David Nicholson. "Adsorption of Water and Methanol on Highly Graphitized Thermal Carbon Black and Activated Carbon Fibre." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 9 (2015): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch15134.

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Adsorption of water and methanol on different carbonaceous solids was carried out to investigate the roles of porous structure and functional groups on the adsorption of associating fluids. A highly graphitized thermal carbon black, non-porous Carbopack F, was chosen to study the effects of functional groups and their concentration, and two samples of porous activated carbon fibre (ACF), microporous A-5 and micro-mesoporous A-15, were used to investigate the interplay between the functional groups and confinement. On Carbopack F, adsorption of water at 298 K is not experimentally detectable until the relative pressure reaches about 0.9, and the adsorption isotherm exhibits a large hysteresis loop spanning a very wide range of pressure; by contrast methanol adsorption at the same temperature shows an onset of adsorption at a lower relative pressure of 0.2 and the isotherm has a very small hysteresis loop. This early onset, compared with water, is due to the dispersion interaction between the methyl group and the graphene surface; an interaction which is absent in water. For the porous ACF samples, the onset of water uptake shifts from a relative pressure of 0.9; as observed for Carbopack F, to the much lower values, depending on pore size, of 0.3 for microporous A-5 and 0.5 for micro-mesoporous A-15.

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Tsoncheva, Tanya, Radostina Ivanova, Nikolay Velinov, Daniela Kovacheva, Ivanka Spassova, Daniela Karashanova, and Nartzislav Petrov. "Design and Catalytic Behaviour of Hosted in Activated Carbon Foam CoxZn1−xFe2O4 Ferrites." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081532.

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Carbon foams with different surface functionality and tailored texture characteristics were prepared from mixtures containing coal tar pitch and furfural in different proportions. The obtained materials were used as a host matrix for the preparation of zinc- and cobalt-mixed ferrite nanoparticles. The texture, morphology, phase composition, and the related redox and catalytic properties of the obtained composites were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen physisorption, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, FTIR, Mössbauer spectroscopy, TPR and catalytic decomposition of methanol to syngas. The impact of the carbon support on the formation of Co- and Zn-mixed ferrites was discussed in detail using KIT-6 silica-based modifications as reference samples. The catalytic behavior of the ferrites was considered in a complex relation to their composition, morphology, location in the porous matrix and metal ions distribution in the spinel sub-lattices. The higher amount of furfural in the carbon foam precursor promoted the formation of cobalt-rich, more accessible and highly active methanol decomposition to syngas spinel particles.

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Eder-Mirth, Gabriele. "Using in situ IR Spectroscopy to Understand Selective Alkylation of Aromatics over Zeolites." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 3 (1995): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19950421.

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In situ IR spectroscopy in combination with kinetic measurements was used to clarify the mechanism of the methylation of toluene over zeolitic catalysts. Over basic zeolites (i.e. Rb-X), the main surface species under reaction conditions is toluene strongly bound with the aromatic ring to the cation and with the methyl group to the lattice oxygens of the zeolite. The activated carbon atom of the methyl group reacts with the positively activated C-atom of methanol (formaldehyde) to yield styrene as the main product. Over acidic zeolites (i.e. HZSM-5), methanol is preferentially adsorbed over toluene, the rate of methylation is directly proportional to the surface concentration of the activated methanol species (methoxonium ions at low and methoxy groups at high reaction temperatures). The aromatic ring of toluene is attacked by the reactive alcohol methyl group, giving the xylene isomers as reaction products.

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Zhang, Dan. "Electrooxidation of Methanol on Carbon Supported Gold Nanoparticles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.232.

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Activated carbon supported gold nanoparticles (Au/C) were prepared by a chemical reduction process using NaBH4as a reducing agent. The characterization of transmission electron microscope indicated that the Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the Au/C catalyst were highly well dispersed on the carbon support. The catalytic activity of the Au/C catalyst for the methanol electrooxidation (MEO) was investigated by the cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results displayed that the Au/C catalyst exhibited a favorable catalytic activity towards the MEO in alkaline solution. Moreover, the competitive adsorption between OH-and CH3OH on the surface of the AuNPs in the Au/C catalyst existed in the course of the MEO. Based on this competitive adsorption, the mechanism of the MEO on the Au/C catalyst was further investigated.

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Huang, Hui Xing, Hai Chao Li, Shao Bin Huang, and Shui Xia Chen. "Hollow PtRu Nanospheres Catalyst Supported on Activated Carbon Fiber and Carbon Nanotubes for Methanol Electroxidation." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.3.

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PtRu hollow nanospheres catalysts supported on activated carbon fiber (ACF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were simply prepared at room temperature in a homogeneous solution with Co nanoparticles as sacrificial templates. TEM measurements showed that the coreless PtRu nanospheres supported on ACF and CNTs were both from composed 20 to 30 nm with an average diameter of 24 nm. The shells of the nanospheres on ACF composed of PtRu nanocrystals with a size of 5 nm, while those on CNTs were 3 nm. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that hollow-PtRu/ACF showed a lower oxidation current density towards methanol electroxidation but a better tolerance to poisoning effect than hollow-PtRu/CNTs. The poorer performance of hollow-PtRu/CNTs may be caused by the phase separation.

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Al-Dawery, Salam K. "Adsorption of methanol from methanol–water mixture by activated carbon and its regeneration using photo-oxidation process." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 7 (November 13, 2014): 3065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.980331.

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Huang, Hui Xing, Shui Xia Chen, and Chan’e Yuan. "Platinum nanoparticles supported on activated carbon fiber as catalyst for methanol oxidation." Journal of Power Sources 175, no. 1 (January 2008): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.107.

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Leite, Antonio Pralon F., Marcelo Bezerra Grilo, Rodrigo Ronelli D. Andrade, Francisco A. Belo, and Francis Meunier. "Experimental Evaluation of a Multi-Tubular Adsorber Operating with Activated Carbon-Methanol." Adsorption 11, S1 (July 2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-005-5982-8.

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Sur, Anirban, and Randip K. Das. "Experimental investigation on waste heat driven activated carbon-methanol adsorption cooling system." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 39, no. 7 (April 27, 2017): 2735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-017-0792-y.

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Wu, Jun W., S. Hadi Madani, Mark J. Biggs, Pendleton Phillip, Chen Lei, and Eric J. Hu. "Characterizations of Activated Carbon–Methanol Adsorption Pair Including the Heat of Adsorptions." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 60, no. 6 (May 22, 2015): 1727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je501113y.

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Li, Jing, Heng Lin, Lin Yang, and Hui Zhang. "Copper-spent activated carbon as a heterogeneous peroxydisulfate catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in an electrochemical reactor." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 8 (January 18, 2016): 1802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.027.

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The exhausted activated carbon generated from the adsorption of heavy metal wastewater needs further treatment/disposal. In this study, a new application of copper-spent activated carbon (Cu-AC) was proposed. Cu-AC was used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and electrical current was introduced to enhance the process. The decolorization followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic pattern well (R2 > 0.95). 92.4% of color removal at 60 min and 38.3% of total organic carbon removal at 180 min were achieved when initial pH value was 9.0, current density was 16 mA/cm2, PDS concentration was 5 mM and Cu-AC dosage was 0.25 g/L. The radical scavengers including methanol, tert-butanol and phenol, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance test, were employed to investigate the oxidizing species responsible for AO7 decolorization. The stability of Cu-AC was confirmed by three recycle experiments.

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Rychlicki, G., and A. P. Terzyk. "Thermodynamic Verification of the Theory of Volume Filling of Micropores for Adsorption on Activated Carbons." Adsorption Science & Technology 16, no. 8 (September 1998): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749801600805.

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The thermodynamic verification of the potential theory of adsorption for the adsorption of methanol, ethanol, carbon dichloride and carbon tetrachloride on polyfurfuryl microporous carbons is presented. Using the results of adsorption isotherm measurements at different temperatures, the condition for temperature independence of a so-called ‘characteristic’ curve was checked. It is shown that this assumption is not fulfilled for four out of eight of the cases investigated. For the systems that obey this postulate, the typical minimalization procedure for the numerical calculation of the potential theory parameters (using DR, DA and DI models), usually used by other authors, was applied. Finally the adsorption enthalpy values predicted by the potential theory of adsorption equations were calculated and compared with those measured calorimetrically.

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Ibeh, García-Mateos, Ruiz-Rosas, Rosas, Rodríguez-Mirasol, and Cordero. "Acid Mesoporous Carbon Monoliths from Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste for Methanol Dehydration." Materials 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152394.

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Activated carbon monoliths (ACMs), with 25 cells/cm2, were prepared from the direct extrusion of Alcell, Kraft lignin and olives stones particles that were impregnated with phosphoric acid, followed by activation at 700 °C. These ACMs were used as catalysts for methanol dehydration reaction under air atmosphere. ACM that was prepared from olive stone and at impregnation ratio of 2, OS2, showed the highest catalytic activity, with a methanol conversion of 75%, a selectivity to dimethyl ether (DME) higher than 90%, and a great stability under the operating conditions studied. The results suggest that the monolithic conformation, with a density channel of 25 cells/cm2 avoid the blockage of active sites by coke deposition to a large extent. Methanol conversion for OS2 was reduced to 29% in the presence of 8%v water, at 350 °C, although the selectivity to DME remained higher than 86%. A kinetic model of methanol dehydration in the presence of air was developed, while taking into account the competitive adsorption of water. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, whose rate-limiting step was the surface reaction between two adsorbed methanol molecules, represented the experimental data under the conditions studied very well. An activation energy value of 92 kJ/mol for methanol dehydration reaction and adsorption enthalpies for methanol and water of −12 and −35 kJ/mol, respectively, were obtained.

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Hadi, Faeza Mahdi. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Energy Flow of a Two Stages Four Generators Adsorption Chiller." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 14, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2018.01.002.

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This work is concerned with a two stages four beds adsorption chiller utilizing activated carbon-methanol adsorption pair that operates on six separated processes. The four beds that act as thermal compressors are powered by a low grade thermal energy in the form of hot water at a temperature range of 65 to 83 °C. As well as, the water pumps and control cycle consume insignificant electrical power. This adsorption chiller consists of three water cycles. The first water cycle is the driven hot water cycle. The second cycle is the cold water cycle to cool the carbon, which adsorbs the methanol. Finally, the chilled water cycle that is used to overcome the building load. The theoretical results showed that average cycle cooling power is 2.15kW, while the experimental measurement revealed that the cooling capacity of the cycle is about 1.98 kW with a relative error of % 0.02. The generator and condensing temperatures are 83 and 30 °C, respectively. The coefficient of performance (COP) of that chiller was in the range of 0.37 to 0.49. The best operating point and the best working conditions were also investigated. The present chiller is superior more than the single stage, two beds adsorption chiller that works on the activated carbon methanol pair that needs a high ambient temperature.

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Lefebvre, Frédéric, Eva Grinenval, and Piotr Putaj. "Methane Activation and Transformation on Polyoxometalates." Journal of Catalysts 2013 (January 14, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/730978.

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Methane is activated at moderate temperature on polyoxometalates, leading to the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of a methoxy species which has been characterized by solid-state C13 CP-MAS NMR. In the case of a molybdic polyoxometalate, the methyl group is linked to an edge-shared oxygen atom of the polyoxometalate. Upon heating, it reacts with oxygens of the polyoxometalate resulting in the formation of formyl species and then carbon dioxide and a reduction of molybdenum. Upon treatment with water, only traces of methanol can be detected.

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Wan, Zuraida, Bassim H. Hameed, N. Mohammad Nor, and Nur Alwani Ali Bashah. "Optimization of Methyl Ester Production from Waste Palm Oil Using Activated Carbon Supported Calcium Oxide Catalyst." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.346.

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In this study, methyl ester (ME) was produced by transesterification of waste cooking palm oil (WPO) using activated carbon supported calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst (CaO/AC). Process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effect of reaction time, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and catalyst amount to produce highest ME content. The optimum reaction condition was at 5.5 wt% catalyst amount, 170 °C temperature, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 2 h 22 min reaction time. The predicted and experimental ME content were found to be 80.02% and 77.32%, respectively.

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Pradana, Yano Surya, Arif Hidayat, Agus Prasetya, and Arief Budiman. "Application of Coconut-Shell Activated Carbon as Heterogeneous Solid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis." Defect and Diffusion Forum 382 (January 2018): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.382.280.

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Biodiesel is a bio-based fuel for diesel engine synthesized from renewable oils isolated from oil crops or animal. Biodiesel can be produced through transesterification where the process involves a catalyst and an alcohol. The most common catalyst for this process is homogeneous liquid catalyst. However, this catalyst system suffers from environmental problems. In order to eliminate the problem, we developed potassium loaded on coconut-shell activated carbon (K/AC) as heterogeneous solid catalyst which is easily regenerated, leading to more secure and more environmental friendly application. The purpose of the present work is to demonstrate the biodiesel synthesis from palm oil using K/AC catalyst in stirred tank reactor. Reaction variables such as methanol-oil molar ratio and temperature were optimized to reach the highest conversion for 4 hours reaction time. The highest reaction conversion, 26.98%, was obtained at methanol-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and reaction temperature of 60 °C. Furthermore, the value of collision factor, activation energy and standard enthalpy change of reaction obtained are 5.40 x 103dm6.(mol.gcat.min)-1, 16.113 cal/mol and 5499.40 cal/mol, respectively.

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Sharma, Ajit, and Byeong-Kyu Lee. "Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol using nickel-loaded TiO2 supported on activated carbon fiber." Catalysis Today 298 (December 2017): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.003.

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Nyberg, Ulf, Bengt Andersson, and Henrik Aspegren. "Long-term experiences with external carbon sources for nitrogen removal." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 12 (June 1, 1996): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0314.

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Methanol and ethanol have been used for three years as external carbon sources in a nutrient removal system based on pre-precipitation and post-denitrification in a single sludge activated sludge plant. Based on these long-term experiences it has been shown that the nitrogen standards of 8 mg N/l in the effluent wastewater can be met with both carbon sources. The process entails operational flexibility and the possibility to optimize the nitrogen removal due to seasonal variations in influent wastewater characteristics. Very high specific nitrate utilization rates were measured in the system with the use of external carbon sources. Rates of around 10 mg N/g VSS.h were reached with ethanol and around 3 mg N/g VSS.h with methanol. These rates were much higher than experienced in a pre-denitrification system with the use of the influent organic material as carbon source for denitrification. A start-up with the addition of ethanol led to a direct response of the system while a start-up with methanol resulted in a much longer adaptation period before full effect of the carbon source added was reached.

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Orugba, Henry Oghenero, Kigho Moses Oghenejoboh, Ufuoma Modupe Oghenejoboh, and Onogwarite E. Ohimor. "Production of Biodiesel from a Novel Combination of Raphia Africana Kernel Oil and Turtle Shell (Centrochelys Sulcata) Heterogenous Catalyst." Journal of Human, Earth, and Future 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hef-2021-02-03-07.

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This work investigated the viability of a non-edible oil obtained from raphia africana in the production of biodiesel using a novel heterogeneous catalyst derived from turtle shells (Centrochelys sulcata). The study also proposed the use of acetone as co-solvent to enhance the solubility of the reacting mixtures. The turtle shells were calcined at 900oC for 3hr, impregnated in KOH to improve its activity and then supported with activated carbon produced from cassava peels to increase its surface area. The influences of KOH concentration, catalyst loading, catalyst/carbon mix ratio and concentration of acetone/methanol on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. The results obtained revealed that maximum biodiesel yield of 93% was obtained from the bio-oil at KOH concentration of 30% (w/w), catalyst loading of 6.5%, solvent/methanol ratio of 0.4 and catalyst/carbon weight ratio of 1.25. The activated carbon supported turtle shell catalyst has been found to possess very high catalytic activity converting bio-oil with high saturated fatty acid content to biodiesel with excellent fuel properties having low saturated fatty acids profile. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-03-07 Full Text: PDF

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Junaidi, Sri Sumiyati, and Ronauli Sitinjak. "Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen by Activated Sludge Process Using Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification Method." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020205006.

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Nitrogen concentrations are often found in ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and neutral nitrogen waters. This research has investigated the simultaneous removal of biological nitrogen nitrification and denitrification (SND) in a continuous flow system of activated sludge processes. This research was conducted by variations in carbon sources is namely glucose and methanol. Variations of C / N ratios of 5, 10, and 20 were also carried out. The main parameters were analyzed every day until the end of the research period. The main parameter analyzed is ammonia-nitrogen. Besides, additional parameters were also analyzed in the form of COD, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, pH, MLSS, SVI, and DO. The results of research indicate artificially excess nitrogen wastewater can be treated using SND and can produce sufficiently good effluent quality if the operations are running optimally. The highest ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiency of 100% shown by the variation of the carbon methanol source and value of the C / N 20 ratio then followed by the C / N 10 ratio of 78% and the C / N 5 ratio of 59%. Overall, the data shown appropriate controls for carbon and nitrogen inputs are needed to achieve an efficient SND. Proper SND technology can save operating time and energy, and may replace two traditional stages: biological nitrification and denitrification processes.

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Ruiyu, Wang, and Li Zhong. "Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate over Activated Carbon Supported Cu Based Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1242.

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The supported chloride-free copper based catalyst was prepared by deposition-precipitation method and used to catalyze the direct vapor-phase oxycarbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The effect of reductive agent and copper salt precursor on catalyst structure and catalytic performance were investigated, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, H2-TPR techniques. Using Cu (CH3COO)2 as precursor, glucose as reductive agent, when loading amount was 17.1%, the Cu2O/AC catalyst shows the best performance for DMC synthesis. Under the condition of CO/MeOH/O2=5/11/1, SV=6625h-1, the average STY of DMC in 9 hrs running was 71.96mg/(g·h), and selectivity of DMC was 83.13%.

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Xu, San Kui, Li Min Li, Rui Li, Nan Nan Guo, and Peng Zhang. "Characterization of Ru on Activated Carbon Catalysts Prepared by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Impregnation." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.734.

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In this work, a novel method was reported for preparation of Ru/activated carbon (Ru/AC) catalysts. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) was employed as medium for the impregnation of ACs with inorganometallic precursor of RuCl3. The Ru/AC catalysts displayed excellent activity for the catalytic hydrogenation of D-glucose. Selected Ru/AC catalysts were characterized by N2adsorption-desorption, TPR and TEM analysis. The results show that the order of effects on catalytic activity are supercritical temperature > supercritical pressure > amount of co-solvent > time of impregnation. The optimal supercritical parameters for preparing Ru/AC catalyst were 313 K, 8 MPa, 4 ml of methanol and 9 h, respectively. The highest reaction rate of hydrogenation reached 86.35 mmol•min-1g-1Ru, upgrading 42.96% compared with the activity of conventional Ru/AC prepared using aqueous impregnation. The SC CO2 impregnation could result in Ru uniformly dispersed on the outer surface and in the pore of AC, leadingSubscript textto higher dispersion of Ru and enhanced interaction between AC and Ru. Furthermore, the enhanced interaction induces improved reduce temperature. Consequently, the catalytic activity of Ru/AC catalysts is improved significantly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Activated carbon/Methanol'

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