Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Actions réactions'
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Borchani, Salma. "Gestion des actions-réactions stratégiques et dynamique de l'apprentissage stratégique dans les entreprises tunisiennes performantes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0047.
Full textBasing on study of the theory of competitive dynamics and the evolutionary theory, our thesis tackles the question of the process of evolution of the strategic behaviors of the firms in relation to the process of learning. A review of the literature made it possible to develop proposals for a research treating this question and leading to conceptual model adjusted thereafter by the use of qualitative empirical study. The examination of this process of evolution was carried out through an empirical study (qualitative and quantitative) on high performance Tunisian firms belonging to two sectors: milk of production and textile
Ahmat, Al Saïd. "Actions et réactions stratégiques des firmes installées face à l’arrivée de plateformes numériques, le cas des écosystèmes d’affaires mobil banking et banques au Tchad." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIME004.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to draw up recent theoretical contributions on strategic actions and reactions around business ecosystems and partly underpin our research problematic since we are focusing on a new organizational field carried by digital platforms. The particularity of these platforms is characterized by an organizational model based on a cooperative system or on a traditional capitalist system, driven by the search for profit. This research is part of the field of strategy and consists of studying the games of actors, relying more specifically on business ecosystems (abbreviated to ESA), a concept that appeared in the work of Moore (1993, p.76) and is defined as a set of "actors maintaining relationships of coopetition" (Koenig, 2012, p. 210). ESA refers to an economic community of organizations that interact with each other to produce goods and/or services that can create value for customers and for themselves. The ESAs we are studying are grouped around platforms called mobile banking (new entrants) and banking institutions (established firms). The problem that led to our thesis is to understand how the platforms have imposed themselves, by what strategic actions they have managed to make a place for themselves on the market and eventually dominate it. Our research field is Chad and our methodology is based on a qualitative analysis of a case study. The data collected will allow us to retrace the history of events and to study the discourses of the actors involved in the process at work by means of a manual analysis of the corpus. The proposals produced can shed new lighting on the strategic actions of the actors
Melliti, Khaled. "Recherche sur la place de l'hellénisme dans l'évolution socioculturelle et politique de carthage punique (fin Ve s. - 146 av. JC) : actions et réactions." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/melliti/paris4/2006/melliti/html/index-frames.html.
Full textStarting in the fifth century, Carthage met a change that affected every aspect of its culture. Considering numerous Greek artefacts and documentation in Carthage, this change can possibly be attributed to Hellenistic cultural contributions. That is, it appears that this evolution in Carthaginian culture is parallel to that observed in Greek civilisation in reference to cultural trends and the improvement of individual quality of life. Greek thinking and trends were originally introduced into Carthage mainly through the Carthaginian oligarchy, due to their desire to develop political prestige. At the same time as wanting the prestige of Greek culture, however, the oligarchy were also well aware of the danger these contributions could generate: the strong sense of individualism characterised by Greek culture represented a potential threat to central power. As the guardian and mainstay of local tradition, the Carthaginian oligarchy would be driven to deal with this ongoing cultural evolution by maintaining a delicate balance between these new incoming ideas and the Carthaginian traditions - the pillars of their own well established authority. They let in Greek influence while keeping their own traditions, developing a prestigious urban political system and modifying the official pantheon to accommodate private religious practice, the goal of this accommodation being to exert control over individual aspiration. The Hellenistic approach to ideology borrowed by Carthage was a tool that acted as a catalyst for local structural potential. Concerning foreign policy, the threats against the Punic commercial empire in the western Mediterranean, epitomised by the emergence of Roman power, forced Carthage to clarify its political relations with the Greek world: the logistic and technical backing that Carthage received from the Greek world quickly evolved into a desire for an actual political and military alliance. Thus, the Greek experience was sought according to the needs of the powerful oligarchy, that is, the defence of their commercial interests. Hellenism, as envisaged by the members of the Carthaginian oligarchy, seemed therefore to be mainly a search for an equilibrium: on the one hand, the obligations of their political prestige and their search for Greek political and military alliance, and on the other hand the absolute necessity to dismantle all political aspirations that generated individualism born of personal needs, by the strengthening of state structures allowing for the exhibition and continuity of traditional values
Olier, Clarisse. "Réactions de cyclisation impliquant cations de Nicholas et alcènes non activés. Extension aux réaction de Prins et d’aza-Prins." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30063.
Full textTerminal alkenes, usually unreactive towards Nicholas cations, were reacted in intramolecular reactions to form 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexanes and cycloheptanes moities. A tandem Nicholas-Prins cyclisation using complexed propargylacetals was developped to form 2,4-disubsituted tetrahydropyrans. In that case, the cobalt complex was used as an alkyne protecting group in order to avoid SN2’ side reactions and enabled to obtain products in high diastereoselectivity. Aza-Prins cyclisations were also investigated. They were successful in very few examples. The complexed alkynylimines isolated during this study were reacted in [2+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions to form azetidinones and 2,3-dihydropyridin-4-ones, respectively. Cycloaddition/Pauson-Khand cascade sequence were also investigated
Naidja, Abdallah. "Action catalytique des argiles de type smectites dans les réactions biochimiques." Mulhouse, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MULH0090.
Full textGomez, fernandez Mario Andres. "Synthèse des composés biologiquement actifs en utilisant des réactions photochimiques." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS009.
Full textIn life sciences, there is a continuos research for new biological active molecules, this is true for both pharmaceultical industry and agrochemical industry. In the last years regulations have become more and more severe. In recent years, the technology for the test of new chemical compounds in industry has considerably evolved. Nowdays it is possible to test a vast number of compounds for the screening of biological activity in a short time. This means that industry is searching for new methodologies that allow the obtention of diverse chemical structures that can present biological activity.In this context, chemical industry, in particular, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry are interested in the use of photochemical reactions in organic synthesis. Photochemical reactions allow the obtention of a variety of complex structures that are not easily obtained by classical methods. This chemical space has not been completly explored in the search of biological active compounds.In the works presented in this PhD research we first explored the [2+2] photocycloadtion of a carbonyl compound to an olefin, the called Paternò-Büchi reaction. We succesfully applied this reaction to obtain oxetanes wich posses agro-like substituents and key sites for further functionalization, a requirement demanded in industry. We also explored the use of fluorinated olefins in this photoreaction. The results are very promising: we discovered a new family of stable fluorinated oxetanes. These compounds can be used cas molecular scaffolds for the obtention of biological active compounds. At the same time, we discovered a new photochemical reactivity: a Photo-Wittig like reaction. This new reactivity depends on the substitution pattern of the carbonyl group. We hypothesize that the new reactivity depends on the excited state of the carbonyl compound
Andreotti, Bruno. "Action et réaction entre étirement et rotation, du laminaire au turbulent." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077004.
Full textThe dynamics of turbulence can be interpreted in terms of interaction between two components : stretching. Which corresponds to a local convergence (or divergence) of streamlines, and rotation. The effect of stretching on rotation is well known : rotation is amplified in a stretching direction and decreased in a compressive direction. The retroaction of rotation on stretching is studied experimentally, considering flows where particular interactions between stretching and rotation are constrained by geometry. The same mechanism of retroaction is observed in three experiments : if stretching amplifies rotation, rotation tends to reduce stretching. This mechanism is linked to the fact that pressure gradient, in a region of disturbed rotation, cannot completely balance centrifugai force. And tends to bring the flow back to a locally two-dimensional state. The action and reaction between stretching and rotation are at the origin of the relative stability of rotation dominated flows in comparison with those domianted by stretching. The instability of an hyperbolic flow is shown and characterised experimentally. Above a threshold £tiven by geometry, an alternats array of vortices aligned in the stretching direction appears. Once these vortices are formed, a réduction of stretching is observed in their core. Symmetrically, the stability of a large Reynolds number stretched vortex is studied by analysing the properties of velocity fluctuations in ifs vicinitv. A depletion of the tendencv to stretching, signature. In turbulence of an energy cascade, is observed. It is shown. As a conclusion, how a prohabilistic reformulation of simple dynamical mechanisms. As those which dominate the interaction between stretching and rotation, may lead to a type of modelling of turbulence dvnamics
Jida, Mouhamad. "Réaction de kulinkovich sur des esters dérivés d'aminoacides naturels et non naturelsApplication à la synthèse de précurseurs potentiels de produits biologiquement actifs." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112126.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the intramolecular Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of esters prepared from natural and unnatural aminoacids. The reactions were performed with Grignard reagents in the presence of catalytic or stoechiometric amounts of titanium isopropoxide. The first chapter shows the scope of the Kulinkovich reaction which allows the transformation of esters into cyclopropanols. The reactions were carried out in both inter and intramolecular modes and are extended to cyclic carboxylic derivatives such as lactones, anhydrides, etc… In the second chapter, we study the regio and stereoselectivity of the cyclopropanation reaction when the starting materials possess two ester functions and a terminal double bond. The glutamate derivative furnished expected fused cyclopropanols while the aspartate derivative only gave unexpected pyrrolidinones. In the third chapter, the intramolecular cyclopropanation applied on other alphaaminoesters afforded expected bicyclic cyclopropanols as a mixture of diastereomers, thus providing an access to enantiomerically pure azabicyclo[3. 1. 0]hexanols. The fourth chapter concerns the reactivity of these alcohols under ring opening conditions. The different azabicyclo[3. 1. 0]hexanols were transformed into dihydropyridinones, pyrrolidinones, piperidones or pyridinols , possible precursors of bioactive products. Application of this methodology allowed the preparation of the (S)-2-phenylpiperidin-3-one , a potent intermediate in the synthesis of pharmacologically significant products (substance P antagonists)
Petit, Frédéric. "Synthèse de lactones optiquement actives par réaction de baeyer-villiger microbiologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22027.
Full textAlphand, Véronique. "Synthèse de lactones optiquement activés par réaction de Baeyer-Villiger microbiologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22020.
Full textOuaïni, Naim. "Etude des réactions intervenant dans la synthèse du triméthylolpropane par action du formol sur le butyraldéhyde." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19057.
Full textRodriguez, Alain. "Monoorganoétains activés : nouveaux réactifs pour le couplage de Stille." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10588.
Full textBoulard, Lucie. "Réactions d'allylation diastéréosélective et de métathèse vers la synthèse de produits naturels biologiquement actifs." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066150.
Full textMauger-Chalaye, Hélène. "Réactions des nitrones avec les noyaux indoliques : nouvelles approches synthétiques d'alcaloïdes indoliques bio-actifs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10047.
Full textPrunier, Anaïs. "Etude de la réaction d’Aza-Michael en série fluorée : accés à des β-fluoroallylamines analogues de biomolecules via la réaction de Julia modifiée." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2080.
Full textAmines are important in organic chemistry and are mainly present in numerous biomolecules. The introduction of fluorine atoms on amino-compounds modifies their biological properties, and for example it has been used to improve metabolic stability of some medicines. The main work of this PhD thesis is focused on the preparation of β-fluoroallylamines, analogues of biomolecules, through a direct and flexible approach. In connection with the previous works realized in the laboratory concerning the one-step synthesis of fluoroalkylidenes, the preparation of new olefination reagents has been developed to prepare fluoroamines. The study of the aza-Michael addition reaction has ben achieved to prepare new functionalised fluoroaminosulfones. Involed in the modified Julia reaction, the synthesis of biomolecules analogues containing fluoroallylamine moiety has been realized, and applied for the preparation of fluorinated acyclonucleoside analogues
Ducassy, Isabelle. "Déterminants de la réaction du marché français aux émissions de titres à caractère action." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10087.
Full textEmpirical evidence on the link between financial structure and the firm value is examined
Mohammad, Ali Monadjemi Shirin. "Phototransformation de matières actives à la surface des végétaux . Mécanismes des réactions directes et sensibilisées." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836760.
Full textRobert, Julie. "Réactivité nucléophile d'ions polysulfures vis a vis de substrats organiques dans le diméthylacétamide : chlorures et anhydrides d'acides, nitrobenzènes activés." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR4025.
Full textLefebvre, Corentin. "TEPhI - Transfert d’électron et d’hydrogène photoinduit d’imines - Réactions radicalaires photoinduites." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS036.
Full textPhotochemical reactions, as a whole, display numerous benefits in organic synthesis. The photon, considered as a complete reagent, enables to lessen the use of expensive and/or hazardous compounds to handle and for the environment. Thus, organic photochemistry forms part of sustainable chemistry recommandations.Three of the most important fields in organic photochemistry are studied in this thesis. Firstly, photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer via direct absorption of light energy is presented in the case of imine moiety, a chemical function whose few studies have been done to date. A radical intramolecular cyclisation induced by a hydrogen atom transfer is introduced in the case of pseudo-oxazolone structures. Secondly, photoredox catalysis, involved in the revival of photochemistry, is used to make a hydrogen atom transfer engaging Levoglucosenone, a molecule coming from lignocellulosic biomass. Derivatives of this latter obtained from photoreactions could be subjected to further reactions and applications in various areas of chemistry. In closing, photooxygenation of furfural, a molecule also issued from biomass is studied to design polymethine dyes, these latter having extensive uses in the fields of physico-chemistry
Vinter-Pasquier, Karine. "Recherches dans le domaine des composés actifs sur les récepteurs beta 3 : exploration des réactions d'élimination-addition pyridiniques." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10353.
Full textBerthaume, Élodie. "L' annonce majeure d'une fusion par deux acteurs majeurs d'un secteur : la réaction des cours de bourse des outsiders." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010051.
Full textNasar, Kamel. "Synthèse de composés cyclohexyles optiquement actifs par réduction énantio- et dia-stéréosélective de noyaux aromatiques polysubstitués en catalyse hétérogène." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10255.
Full textMedjram, Mohamed-Salah. "Action d'un champ électromagnétique microonde sur la préparation et les propriétés des catalyseurs au platine dans les réactions d'isomérisation des hexanes." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10101.
Full textLevkov, Igor. "Réactivité du 1-aminoisoindole, de ses dérivés et analogues : action des diénophiles en milieu homogène et structuré." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2054/.
Full textWith the Curtin-Hammett principle for the first time isoindoles which are mainly exist in the isoindoline tautomeric form were introduced into the reaction with cyclic dienophiles and the products of these reactions were obtained. We synthesized a series of surfactantson the basis of isoindoles with long alkyl chains and studied their physico-chemical properties of aggregation in water and formamide. The reactivity of 1-aminoisoindole was compared in homogeneous and structured media. It has been shown that structured environment can act as a catalyst in the interaction with maleimides. In the case where the concentration of amphiphilic derivatives of aminoisoindole is lower than the critical aggregation concentration (homogeneous medium), the reaction with maleimide does not happen. We proposed two new methods of the synthesis of fluorescent derivatives of 4-aminobenzo[f]isoindole which have some advantages over described in the literature including the velocity of the reaction, simple way of obtaining products with high purity and better yields
Soula, Olivier. "Nouveaux tensio-actifs réactifs pour la copolymérisation en émulsion de monomères acryliques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10370.
Full textSalim, Hani. "Synthèse totale de molécules marines biologiquement actives et d’analogues structuraux par application des réactions de métathèse et de la photochimie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10149.
Full textThe natural products of marine origin constitute a large group of natural products with very different structural motifs. Many members of this group are targets for total synthesis of their biological activities (anticancer, antibiotics, ...). The main objective of this work is the total synthesis of natural products of marine origin with biological activities, and synthesis of structural analogues for biological testing using metathesis reactions and photochimie. The first total synthesis of amphiasterine B4 and that many structural analogues were réalisées. The application of metathesis reactions / cyclopropanation in sequential mode has the total synthesis of two natural products, and grenadamide acid Cascarilla
Kurylo, Ievgen. "Surfaces actives pour l'activation contrôlable de la programmation moléculaire basée sur l'ADN en microfluidique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I073/document.
Full textLiving organisms perform complex information processing tasks with a help of intertwined chemical reaction networks (CRNs) and diffusion processes. These biological phenomena inspired scientists to design from the bottom-up dynamical systems with complex spatiotemporal behaviour. DNA provides a perfect solution for building these synthetic CRNs. Our research work focused on designing active surfaces with the aim to provide a convenient way to interact in microfluidics with the PEN toolbox (as an example of DNA-based CRNs) and explore the full potential of these novel biochemistry tools. We will study the step by step assembly and optimisation of the PEN toolbox parameters. Next, we will discuss the construction and characterisation of active surfaces, which provide loading and controllable release of DNA input, based on formation and electrochemical cleavage of gold-thiol bond. We will also provide a technological solution to integrate these surfaces and the PEN toolbox in microfluidics. We will show controllable triggering of basic activation and autocatalysis PEN toolbox modules. We will further apply our method for spatiotemporal control of autocatalytic CRNs, which have higher stability then simple autocatalytic module while still providing an exponential signal amplification contrary to the activation module. This approach allows us to investigate and optimise the parameters of our technology. Finally, we will discuss the construction of active surfaces with irreversibly bound DNA, which provides a higher level of the PEN toolbox spatiotemporal behaviour, based on electrical polarisation and tuning the shape of surface-attached DNA patterns
Carlino, Romain. "Réactions intramoléculaires de formation de liaison carbone – oxygène, sur des systèmes insaturés non activés, catalysées par des complexes de terres rares." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS317.
Full textThis thesis is focused on intramolecular carbon-oxygen bond formation of non-activated alkenes and allenes by hydroalkoxylation or hydroacylalkoxylation reactions catalyzed by rare earths complexes.Firstly, the racemic version of these reactions catalyzed by two different systems has been studied: tri-alkyls and triflate rare earth. In this study, different steric or electronic effects and different substitutions on insaturations have been evaluated. For both systems, Markovnikov selectivity was evidenced; two different mechanisms for each system have been proposed. Indeed, in addition to the Lewis acid properties, the fact that rare earth alkyls are also Brønsted bases, could explain the difference of catalytic behavior of these systems.Thereafter, enantioselective versions of these reactions have been studied. For that, different chiral ligands have been associated on scandium triflate; on the other hand, new mono-alkyl binaphtholate complexes from tri-alkyl complexes have been synthesized. Therewith, cyclic ethers have been obtained with enantiomeric excesses up to 34%.As triflate rare earths have shown an excellent activity and yttrium and scandium mono-alkyl binaphtholate led to encouraging enantioselectivity, it has been proposed to create a new rare earth complex with chiral ligand associated with ionic bonds; the first tests of scandium and yttrium binaphtholate monotriflate preparation are very promising.Finally, in the frame of a collaboration, new rare earth complexes bearing ligands derived from BINAM have been synthesized and a HMBC ¹H/¹ ⁵N NMR study have been realized to determine the strength of the different carbon-nitrogen bonds. These chiral complexes have been especially used to highlight the concept of relay ligand with one pot consequent metallocatalyzed and organocatalyzed reactions
Lossouarn, Alexis. "Développement de nouvelles réactions de click séquentielles appliquées à la synthèse contrôlée par la cible d'inhibiteurs de protéines impliquées dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR078.
Full textThe kinetic target-guided synthesis (KTGS) is a fragment-based strategy which involves the biological target for the assembly of its own ligand via a biocompatible and irreversible reaction. Although promising for the discovery of new biologically active molecules, this approach is still suffering from various limitations, namely the very low quantities of ligand which are formed during the experiments, which may afford false-negative results during analyses, or the limited range of applicable reactions in KTGS, which do not allow an optimal covering of the chemical space. In order to address these issues, two main approaches were envisioned as goals of this thesis work. The first one is the development of new reactional sequences, allowing at first the formation of the ligand within the target, and then its labelling so as to increase its detectability by mass spectrometry analysis or by fluorescence emission. The second goal was to study the eligibility of various biocompatible reactions (Diels-Alder and thiol-yne reactions) for KTGS application so as to complete the range of available reactions
Sumaya, Martinez Maria. "Valorisation d'hydrolysats de co-produits de crevettes : étude de l'activité antiradicalaire et antioxydante, fractionnement des substances actives et effet de la glycation." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2032.
Full textThe objective of this work was to carry out the process of hydrolysis of shrimp by-product, to characterise molecules with antiradical and antioxidant properties, and to increase these activities by the glycation of hydrolysates. The conditions of hydrolysis by Alcalase 2. 4L, in order to obtain the highest antiradical activity, were defined. The experimental conditions (pH 9. 7, 66°C) and the heating treatment (20 min in boiling water) produce a chemical hydrolysis and favour the liberation of the compounds with antiradical activity. The increase in antioxidant activity ( -carotene test) in the hydrolysate was obtained in the presence of the Alcalase 2. 4 L. The fraction with the highest antiradical activity was inferior to 5 kDa; in this fraction, two aromatic compounds with the highest antiradical activity were partially characterised. We have defined the conditions of glycation at moderate temperature (55°C, 30 mg/ml of ribose, pH 6. 5, 0. 5 M phosphate buffer), which favours the formation of the Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) with the antiradical activity. After 17 hrs' heating, the antiradical activity of the shrimp by-product hydrolysate was multiplied by 25, the antioxidant activity was increased 3 times and the antiradical scavenging activity of superoxyde radical was enhanced in 70%. The antiradical activity of MRP was function of the evolution of the intermediate compounds < 1 kDa (principally, the 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2)-furanone, an important flavour compound), and fluorescent compounds > 1 kDa. The MRP do not exhibit cytotoxic effects at concentrations < 1000 µg/mL. These antioxidant/antiradical fractions may represent a viable alternative to current shrimp by-product upgrading
Vuichard, Olivier. "Etude des systèmes actifs de contrôle de l'acoustique des salles : développement d'un système à réaction quasi-locale." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1018.
Full textXuárez, Marill Lisbet. "Synthèse par ortho-métallation et couplage pallado-catalysés de nouveaux dérivés de bêta-carbolines actifs au niveau du système nerveux central." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112189.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the synthesis of new derivatives of β-carbolines interacting with the Central Nervous System (CNS) especially at the level of the GABAA receptor. In the first chapter, a new process for the synthesis of a β-carboline-3,4- γ-lactone, (R, S)-10-hydroxymethylbutanolide[3,4-c]-β-carboline using the technique of ortho-directed metallation, allows its preparation in a few steps and in a reproducible fashion. This result confirms the value of the ortho-metallation reaction for the introduction of substituants at the C-4 position of 3-carboxy-β-carbolines. In the second chapter, starting from the 4-iodo-β-carboline-3-carboxamide derivative prepared by ortho-metallation, the Suzuki coupling reaction was used to prepare a series of 4-aryl-β-carbolines-3-carboxamides, some of which were shown to bind to the GABAA receptor. In the third chapter, intramolecular cyclization by CH-ortho activation catalysed by palladium allowed the
Le, Parc Philippe. "Méthodes et outils informatiques pour la commande locale ou distante de systèmes réactifs." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496850.
Full textArreguy-San, Miguel Bernadette. "Transformations du squelette diterpénique en vue d'accéder à des composés biologiquement actifs." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10615.
Full textBelgacem, Aymen. "La réaction du marché d’actions aux annonces macroéconomiques : le cas du marché boursier français." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100157.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the impact of both French and U.S. macroeconomic announcements on the French Stock market. The methodology used allows us to combine theoretical and empirical approaches, in order to identify the sources of the stock market reaction. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the French stock market’s reaction to announcements of news about the real economy. We find that these announcements can have simultaneous effects on different theoretical components of stock returns. We also find that the impact of those macroeconomic announcements on the French stock market is not only attributable to a direct effect, as documented in the literature, but also is due to a spillover effect from the American stock market. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate the impact of monetary policy announcements on the French stock market, bycombining the event study approach and the ICAPM theory. We find that the announcements of the US Federal Reserve have an impact on different components of the risk premium on the French Stock market
Larnaud, Florent. "Etude de la réaction de Julia modifiée pour la synthèse de fluoroalkylidènes et applications à la préparation de précurseurs de biomolécules." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2070.
Full textIt is well known that fluoroalkenes, and in particular, fluoroalkylidenes are excellent amide or enol ether mimics. The introduction of the fluoroalkene moiety into biological active compound allows the modification of their biological properties (metabolisation, half life-time). In 2002, our group reported the first one-step synthesis of fluoroalkylidenes from fluoroalkylsulfones and carbonyl compounds. However, the main limitation of this approach is the availability of functionalized fluorosulfones. The main work of this PhD thesis is focused on the synthesis of functionalized sulfones to develop straightforward synthesis of peptide isosters and modified sugars. The study of the synthesis of -deficient fluorosulfones in two steps is reported, including an alkylation reaction using the Mitsunobu conditions, followed by a Krapcho decarboxylation reaction. These sulfones were then involved in the synthesis of biomolecules. An original approach for the synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes is presented, based on the reduction of ketosulfones. By this way terminal di- and monofluoroalkenes are prepared trough a Smiles rearrangement. A particular attention was focus on the mechanism involved in the modified Julia reaction, in order to rational the formation of the alkenes Z and E. The role of the aromatic ring of the sulfones was studied, and a better understanding of the observed selectivity was achieved with the Felkin-Ahn model
Madelaine, Claire. "Etude de l'oxydation d'aminocyclopropanes préparés par la réaction de Kulinkovich-de Meijere en vue d'obtenir des composés biologiquement actifs." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112258.
Full textIn the course of this thesis, a method to synthesise new peroxides was developed. A range of bicyclic aminocyclopropanes was prepared via the Kulinkovich-de Meijere reaction starting from monosubstituted alkenes. Cyclic voltammetric studies were performed on these compounds and a simple, environmentally friendly and efficient procedure for the electrosynthesis of the corresponding endoperoxides was developed. The instability of these molecules was pointed out. In order to prepare stable compounds, a range of amides fitted with disubstituted alkene groups were synthesised and evaluated in intramolecular Kulinkovich–de Meijere reactions. Good yields could be achieved with substrates bearing a 2-alkyloxyethyl substitution at the carbon–carbon double bond, these being prepared by cross-metathesis. A third range of aminocyclopropanes was synthesised from alkenyl amides where a chiral centre is present on the alkyl chain separating the olefin and the amide group at the α-position relative to the nitrogen atom. The cyclopropanation reaction proved to be diastereoselective in these cases. Preparative-scale electrolysis of aminocyclopropanes under aerobic conditions provides access to stable endoperoxides, which exhibit moderate antimalarial activity
Derbré, Séverine. "Quelques "bonnes réactions" de chimie organique pour élucider les mécanismes d'action de produits naturels actifs : application à la squamocine, une acétogenine des annonaceae." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114817.
Full textRadical decarboxylation and quinone addition reaction allowed us to obtain a library of squamocin quinonic analogues. We evaluated both pro-apoptotic potential and mitochondrial complex I inihibition, supposed to be responsible for acetogenins activity. No clear link between the enzyme inhibition and apoptosis induction appeared, suggesting the possible existence of other biological targets. Squamoquinone, ten times more potent than squamocin as an apoptotic inducer, emerged as a promising compound, as it induces apoptosis through a mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway. Huisgen type 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, catalysed by copper (I) led to the first fluorescent acetogenins. Mitochondria were identified as their major targets by confocal microscopy. We also studied the kinetics of cell penetration. The association of this "click chemistry" reaction both with the activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) concept and classical proteomic methods, allowed us to poiny out five proteins as targets of our fluorescent probes. Those proteins are currently under identification by mass spectrometry. This observation confirmed the hypothesis of a more comlex mechanism of action for acetogenins than the one initially describes. Aiming at understanding the particular supramolecular behaviour of acetogenins of Annonaceae, squamocin was branched onto p-tert-butylcalixarene and phloroglucinol scaffolds, using the same "click chemistry" reaction. We also obtained two diastereoismers of chamuvarinin from squamocin, using biomimetic synthesis. The comparison of their spectral data with natural chamuvarinin led to rule out a biosynthetic link between both acetogenins
Hemmerlin-Kohler, Sophie. "Estimation et agrégation des puissances actives et réactives absorbées par les charges consommatrices d'un réseau en régime perturbé." Grenoble INPG, 1993. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02010571.
Full textThe complexity of power Systems requires the use of signifîcant numerical simulations. Some supply system disturbances, like those before and after a voltage collapse, are strongly conditioned by the loads' behaviour. In spite of an improved accuracy conceming the field of power system components modelîing, the accuracy of load aggregation needs to be further developped. This study has consisted in the élaboration of usual basic and aggregate loads models. Two kinds of loads hâve been considered : on the one hand, usually non-linear loads called "passive" (lighting), on the other hand so-called "active" loads which are essentially induction motors working under an electromechanical dynamic. In ail the cases, the proposed models allow the obtention of active and reactive power absorbed by basic or aggregate loads. Thèse powers' models dépend upon large voltage and/or frequency déviations which can occur during large power system disturbances
Guignard, Alain. "Emploi de la cyano-2 cyclopentanone comme agent de blocage de la fonction aminé : synthèse d'amino-alcools optiquemment actifs, application à la préparation d'oxazolines chirales." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4001.
Full textVerrier, Christelle. "Études des propriétés de reformage de catalyseurs à base de cérium : analyse des sites actifs et des mécanismes de réaction." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2002.
Full textCann, Patrice. "Etudes de l'alkylation de Williams et de la réaction de Strecker pour l'obtention d'acides alfa-amino-omega-phosphonocarboxyliques optiquements actifs." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2018.
Full textLaune, Daniel. "Dissection peptidique du paratope de l'anticorps : identification de résidus impliqués dans la reconnaissance antigénique, de peptides bioactifs et d'idiotopes peptidiques." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON13527.
Full textBlanchard, Jean-Christophe. "Étude de stabilité d'une interaction chimique principe actif - excipient par microcalorimétrie et chromatographie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE18012.
Full textOlivi, Nathanaël. "Dendrimères poly(arylpropargylamine) (PAPAM) : vecteurs potentiels de principes actifs : hydratation d'arylalcynes et réaction tri-composants : synthèse de ß[bêta]-amino-arylalcynes." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114807.
Full textRamarohetra, Myriam. "L'arsenic en synthèse organique : une nouvelle méthode de synthèse de sels de pentamethinium par action de tris (dialkylamino) arsanes sur des sels de pyrylium." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30257.
Full textGasparini, Giovanna. "Méthodes de préparations stéréosélectives d'hydroxydiènes conjugués de stéréochimie E, Z racémiques et optiquement actifs : applications à la synthèse de précurseurs d'HETES et de leucotriènes." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112286.
Full textThis work describes a general, original and selective method for the preparation of racemics then optically active E,Z conjugated hydroxydienes which represents a common structural pattern of several natural products. The first method used is highly stereo-selective but it could not be extended in an effective way to optically active E,Z hydroxydienes. The efficiency of this method is illustrated by synthesis of precursors of biologically active lipids such as 5-HETE and leukotriene A4. A new way allows the obtention of E,Z acetoxydienes with an excellent stereo-isomeric and enantiomeric purity. The control of the stereoselectivity of acetylenic organometallics addition reaction on the carbonyl group of a lactol, and allylic acetates Palladium (II)-catalysed [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement are the most important reactions of this new pathway. Starting from one enantiomer of the lactol, the stereoselective synthesis, via two chirality transfers, of (R) and (S) 6-acetoxy 2Z,4E-undecadien I-ol are described
Rodrigues, Romain. "Mécanisme et cinétique de la déchloration réductrice de l'hexachlorobutadiène et de l'hexachloroéthane par action de réactifs à base de fer zéro-valent." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30294/document.
Full textThis work focused on the reductive dechlorination of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) and hexachloroethane (HCA). The first part consisted of experimental measurement of solubility data for both compounds (i) at different temperatures and (ii) in the presence of surfactants. Thermodynamic parameters for dissolution have been calculated in order to propose a physical explacation of the minimum solubility observed between 12 and 45 °C. The second part, based on a preliminary selection of a reaction for its efficiency, aimed to investigate the mechanism of the reductive dechlorination of HCBD and HCA by Pd/Fe microparticles in suspension in polylactic acid. Different experimental conditions have shown that atomic hydrogen is the main reductant of the system. Different kinetic laws were then used for the modeling of the disappearance of HCBD and HCA, taken separately and in mixture
Nguyen, Régis. "De l'utilisation de biomolécules comme matrices pour favoriser la formation de molécules complémentaires." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0004.
Full textBurger, Benjamin Jean-Baptiste François. "Tensio-actifs macrocycliques chiraux dérivés de sucres : synthèse, propriétés de complexation, auto-agrégation et application pour la mise en oeuvre de réactions sélectives en milieu micellaire aqueux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0015.
Full textCe travail est consacré à l'étude de la régio- et stéréosélectivité de réactions en milieu micellaire aqueux. L'étude de l'ouverture de l'époxystyrène en solution micellaire aqueuse d'un tensioactif cationique (bromure de dodécyltriméthyl ammonium) montre que la chimiosélectivité (hydrolyse/bromolyse) et la régio-sélectivité sont contrôlées par la partition et son orientation dans les agrégats. Un tensio-actif chiral (DAC12) constitué de deux blocs amphiphiles dérivés du glucose liés à un macrocycle a été préparé, ses propriétés de complexation et d'agrégation étudiées. Des réactions d'ouverture d'époxyde et d'additions de Michael ont été réalisées en solutions aqueuses micellaires de DAC12. Une légère énantiosélectivité est observée lors de la bromolyse du 2,3-époxypropylbenzène par contre l'addition de -cétoesters sur des cétones conjuguées, bien que favorisée en présence de DAC12, n'est pas stéréosélective. Ces additions-1,4, catalysées par des acides de Lewis Cu(II) ou Eu(III), peuvent être réalisées sans solvant ni tensio-actif avec d'excellents rendements