Academic literature on the topic 'Actione teneri'
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Journal articles on the topic "Actione teneri"
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Ryan, Michael J. "Medicine shortages: there are solutions! Actions to take to reduce medicine shortages." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20306.
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The aim of this paper is to propose solutions to reduce the number and frequency of medicine shortages in Australia. Some of the many factors that contribute to medicine shortages, such as manufacturers’ production processes and business decisions, are outside the control of Australian stakeholders. But there are many factors that are within the control of stakeholders, including poor communication between stakeholders, incomplete and inaccurate information, unhelpful practices and attitudes of hospital tender authorities, and lack of certainty and incentives for manufacturers in relation to pharmaceutical tenders. The following strategies are designed to address these issues and achieve a significant reduction in the number and frequency of medicine shortages in Australian hospitals. They include improving communication and understanding between stakeholders, providing higher quality information on likely usage, changing practices of hospital tender authorities to better meet stakeholder requirements, and increasing incentives for manufacturers to participate in hospital tenders. The six key actions to implement the medicine shortage-reducing strategies are: (1) initiate a biannual forum for hospitals and industry; (2) establish a medicines substitutes information service operating nationally; (3) share information on likely changes to hospital usage; (4) reform stock allocation strategies; (5) introduce incentives for manufacturers; and (6) change hospital tender authority practices and policies. The first step to reduce medicine shortages is for stakeholders to think differently about the problem, and to act more collaboratively using the proposed strategies and actions, as a framework for change.
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Bernal, Ramon, Leire San-Jose, and Jose Luis Retolaza. "Improvement Actions for a More Social and Sustainable Public Procurement: A Delphi Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154069.
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Public procurement accounts for almost 20% of Spain’s gross domestic product (GDP). The current legislation allows for the inclusion of social considerations in contracting processes, hence the interest of this study, which defines the procedures and improvement actions for socially efficient public procurement. The Delphi technique has been used, based on online surveys completed by 71 Spanish experts. The universe includes the set of nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTs), as well as a number of agents with the potential to intervene in the analysis process, namely, academia, the business sector, and public administrations. There is an increasing call for the inclusion of social considerations in tender procedures. However, to date, few studies have provided detailed insight into the inclusion of these social aspects. This study contributes to the scientific literature by identifying six possible strategies for including social considerations into public tenders, namely: objectivizing procedures, generating monitoring tools, developing information and training actions for decision-makers, incorporating awareness-raising initiatives, creating transparency systems, and including information and communication technologies (ICTs). The following four key action areas were also detected: social clauses, reserved markets, social impact assessment, and innovation in public procurement. A consensus was reached on four frames for incorporating the strategies and action areas, namely: socio-economic, procedural, competence, and conceptual. This allows for the efficient inclusion of social considerations into public tenders, thereby generating a twofold impact—one via the goods or services acquired, and the second via the impact on the process of producing said goods or services.
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Sirait, Resmaya Agnesia Mutiara. "LARANGAN TINDAKAN PERSEKONGKOLAN DALAM TENDER BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTEK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT." TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL 4, no. 2 (August 15, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v4i2.33980.
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One of the substance of Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition is the provision that regulates collusion in tenders. The provision is regulated in Article 22 which is a special provision with the aim of creating a conducive business climate to support and develop activities for the provision of quality goods and services and at competitive prices. Considering that the impact of the conspiracy in tenders is very significant for national economic development and a healthy competitive climate, the regulation regarding the prohibition of tender conspiracy can be applied both with a rule of reason approach and with a per se illegal approach, so that administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions as well as additional criminal sanctions that will be imposed on business actors can run as desired by Law Number 5 Year 1999. The impact of collusion actions in tenders is not just economic development National and unfair competition climate, but other impacts can be felt by consumers as tender givers who can experience material and immaterial losses. Consumer protection is needed as an effort made to safeguard consumer rights and develop behavior attitudes of responsible business actors.Salah satu substansi Undang - Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat adalah ketentuan yang mengatur persekongkolan dalam tender. Ketentuan tersebut diatur dalam Pasal 22 yang merupakan ketentuan khusus dengan tujuannya untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif guna mendukung dan menumbuh kembangkan kegiatan penyediaan barang dan jasa yang berkualitas dan dengan harga yang bersaing. Mengingat dampak yang ditimbulkan dari tindakan persekongkolan dalam tender sangat signifikan bagi pembangunan ekonomi nasional dan iklim persaingan yang sehat, maka pengaturan mengenai larangan persekongkolan tender dapat diterapkan baik dengan pendekatan secara rule of reason maupun dengan pendekatan secara per se illegal, sehingga sanksi administratif dan sanksi pidana serta pidana tambahan yang akan dijatuhkan pada pelaku usaha dapat berjalan sebagaimana yang dikehendaki oleh Undang - Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari tindakan persekongkolan dalam tender bukan hanya kepada pembangunan ekonomi nasonal dan iklim persaingan tidak sehat, akan tetapi dampak lain dapat dirasakan oleh konsumen selaku pemberi tender yang dapat mengalami kerugian materiil maupun immaterial. Perlindungan konsumen diperlukan sebagai suatu upaya yang dilakukan untuk menjaga hak-hak konsumen dan menumbuh kembangkan sikap perilaku pelaku usaha yang bertanggung jawab.
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Barbier, Liese, Steven Simoens, Caroline Soontjens, Barbara Claus, Arnold G. Vulto, and Isabelle Huys. "Off-Patent Biologicals and Biosimilars Tendering in Europe—A Proposal towards More Sustainable Practices." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060499.
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Background: In Europe, off-patent biologicals and biosimilars are largely procured by means of tender procedures. The organization and design of tenders may play a key role in the evolving biosimilar market, and currently, it is not fully elucidated how tenders for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars are designed and if approaches are aligned with sustaining market competition and societal savings for healthcare systems over the long term. This study aims to (i) explore the design and implementation of tender procedures for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars in Europe, (ii) identify learnings for sustainable tender approaches from purchasers and suppliers, and (iii) formulate recommendations in support of competitive and sustainable tender practices in the off-patent biologicals market. Methods: A mixed methods design was applied. A quantitative web-survey was conducted with hospital pharmacists and purchasers (N = 60, of which 47 completed the survey in full), and qualitative expert-interviews with purchasers and suppliers (N = 28) were carried out. Results: The web survey results showed that the organization and design of tenders for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars, and the experience of hospital pharmacists and purchasers with this, considerably varies on several elements across European countries. From the qualitative interviews, signals emerged across the board that some of the current tender approaches might negatively affect market dynamics for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars. The focus on generating short-term savings and existence of originator favouring tender practices were identified as elements that may limit timely competition from and market opportunity for biosimilar suppliers. The need to optimize tender processes, considering a more long-term strategic and sustainable view, was expressed. In addition, challenges appear to exist with differentiating between products beyond price, showing the need and opportunity to guide stakeholders with the (appropriate) inclusion of award criteria beyond price. Due to the variety in tender organization in Europe, a ‘one size fits all’ tendering framework is not possible. However, on an overarching level, it was argued that tender procedures must aim to (i) ensure market plurality and (ii) include award criteria beyond price (warranted that criteria are objectively and transparently defined, scored and competitively rewarded). Depending on the market (maturity), additional actions may be needed. Conclusions: Findings suggest the need to adjust tender procedures for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars, considering a more long-term strategic and market sustainable view. Five main avenues for optimization were identified: (i) safeguarding a transparent, equal opportunity setting for all suppliers with an appropriate use of award criteria; (ii) fostering a timely opening of tender procedures, ensuring on-set competition; (iii) ensuring and stimulating adherence to laws on public procurement; (iv) securing an efficient process, improving plannability and ensuring timely product supply and (v) safeguarding long-term sustainable competition by stimulating market plurality.
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de Carvalho, Gabriel Stumpf Duarte, and Rui Cunha Marques. "Strategies to Foster Competition for the Market in the Urban Bus Sector in Developing Countries." Infrastructures 5, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5120115.
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Different mechanisms have been adopted by developed and developing countries over the last decades to provide urban bus services. Although competitive tendering has been considered the standard method to procure urban bus services, it cannot be treated as a ready-made solution. Contracts are incomplete by nature and, after the tender, to avoid ex-post opportunism they must be properly monitored. Additionally, developing countries, in general, have weak regulatory bodies and limited capacity to oversee public contracts. This paper aims to review the literature to gather actions that can increase the competition in public tenders and improve service quality during the life of the contract in developing countries.
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Skrastina, Una, and Dzeina Gaile. "PROBLEMATICS OF AMENDMENTS MADE IN TENDER DOCUMENTS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT – THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Acta Prosperitatis, no. 11 (April 22, 2020): 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37804/1691-6077-2020-11-164-183.
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During the procurement process, it is often found that the tenders submitted are deficient, for example, required documents are not submitted. Given the amount of information to be provided, the types of errors are different and can apply to the qualification of the tenderer, its technical or financial tender and other aspects. In each of these situation procurement commission must evaluate whether it is possible to correct the error or the tender should be rejected. The Public Procurement Law does not contain very detailed and clear regulation on this situation. Therefore decisions of contracting authorities are often challenged and found to be unfounded. It justifies the topicality of the study. The aim of the study is to summarize and analyze the findings of the European Court of Justice to determine what legal principles and considerations have to be taken into account in such situations and to make recommendations for further action in Latvia. Research methods used are descriptive, comparative and analytical method. The study will result in suggestions as to what conditions should be considered when assessing the possibility of corrections of the tender.
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Paramita, Ni Putu Pradnyani, I. Putu Sudana, I. G. A. N. Budiasih, and Herkulanus Bambang Suprasto. "Meaning of cost components and cost magnitude determining tender prices: A study on CV. RG." International journal of social sciences and humanities 3, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n2.324.
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The cost was the basis for management in determining the selling price of a product or service. In construction service companies, the cost determining is important. It will affect the value of the tender proposal submitted to get the job. CV. RG is a construction service company provides services in the civil and building fields. CV. RG, of course, has often participated in tenders. The problem is the company often suffer losses. The company’s success rate is still relatively low. The company participates in a tender, costs, and efforts arise in preparing the tender. In conducting costing, there are at least two aspects must be considered. It is namely the cost component and cost magnitude. This study uses a phenomenological approach to gain an understanding of decision holders about a reality based on experience. The interpretative phenomenology method is suitable to be used due to the researcher wants to reveal and understand how the decision holders. CV. RG means cost component and cost magnitude is in the process of price-determining the tender proposal. The results of the research analysis showed that in determining the cost component. The informant felt complicated due to the situation at hand. The dilemma feelings also accompanied the informants in determining the cost magnitude of the tender proposal. The meaning of this informant can also be explained because of motives and in order to motives that underlie the informant actions.
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Haryanto, Imam, Muthia Sakti, and Wirya Agung Kusuma Putra. "Protection For Tender Participants Businesses That Are Losses Due To Collection According To Business Competition Law." Justicia Sains: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.24967/jcs.v5i2.1290.
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The development of the Indonesian economy is aimed at improving the lives of people who are just and prosperous. This is an ideal that has been mandated in the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila. One of the obstacles in the Indonesian economy is the existence of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition in business or business in Indonesia. Tender conspiracy is one of the forms of action prohibited in the Anti-Monopoly Law because tender conspiracy is fraudulent and detrimental, especially to other tender participants who do not conspire, because automatically in the tender, the winner cannot be regulated, but rather who does it. the best bid is the winner and apart from that bid rigging is an anti-competitive act. Regarding the conspiracy, there is a KPPU Decision relating to this matter, namely the KPPU Decision Case Number 6 / KPPU-L / 2015 regarding the construction of the Barito Kuala Regency DPRD building and its Land Development, in its decision the KPPU Commission Council stated that Reported Party I (PT. Citra Kharisma Persada), reported II (PT. Cempaka Mulia Perkasa), reported III (PT Sumber Nor Abadi), reported IV (Pokja I in the Human Settlements Division of the Public Works Office of Barito Kuala Regency Fiscal Year 2013) was proven legally and convincingly violating Article 22 of the Law Number 5 of 1999. This research will discuss legal protections for business actors participating in tenders who suffer losses due to conspiracy in the KPPU's decision.
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Borowiec, Arkadiusz. "The impact of public procurement system on the development of competition in the economy in the light of empirical research." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i1.3.
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Research background: The purpose of the public procurement system in the market economy should be to ensure that the public sector entities conduct purchases which are optimal from the economic point of view, as well as to prevent favoring or discrimination of entities participating in public tenders. The Public Procurement Act mentions fair competition as one of the fundamental principles. Both contractors and contracting entities are subject to this principle. In practice, however, it is very often violated in connection with a number of phenomena resulting from imperfections of the aforementioned system.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to identify the most important solutions to support the development of competition in the economy through the public procurement system, as well as to examine the obstacles and risks carried by the system itself. Another purpose is to present further action proposals based on research — actions affecting the development of competition and at the same time improving the efficiency of tenders.
Methods: The article is based on the analysis of literature and on a questionnaire. The survey was conducted electronically (CAWI). The questionnaire was sent to 300 entities required to apply the provisions of the Public Procurement Law throughout the country. Another method involved a direct route (PAPI) and 155 entities participating in public tenders as contractors. Purposeful sampling was implemented to ensure reliable and expert replies. The study was carried out in the first half of 2016.
Findings and Value added: The results indicate the most important solutions supporting the development of competition. They include the following: facilitating access to information about orders, improving the efficiency of state authorities in detecting collusive tendering, reducing the possibility of using the potential of third parties, and increasing the availability of data on tender results. The solutions presented in this article are evolutionary rather than revolutionary, and point primarily to the ability to streamline existing procedures and regulations and not to replace them with new ones. They should also help to improve the functioning of public procurement system in Poland, which is of great importance for the development of competition in domestic economy.
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Quezada Vidal, Álvaro. "LA EXIGENCIA DEL SOLVE ET REPETE PARA EJERCER ACCIONES CONTENCIOSO ADMINISTRATIVAS ESPECIALES: PRIVILEGIO PROCESAL AÚN VIGENTE EN NUESTRO ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO." Revista de Derecho 40 (June 30, 2022): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/issn2735-6337/2022.n40-03.
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En este trabajo se explicarán las nociones básicas del solve et repete, dando a conocer los casos en los que está vigente esta exigencia establecida por el legislador ante el ejercicio de acciones especiales de carácter contencioso administrativas, expresando lo que ha señalado al respecto tanto el Tribunal Constitucional como la doctrina especializada, y exponiendo finalmente las razones por las cuales debe ser erradicada de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, considerando especialmente el derecho de los justiciables de tener un efectivo acceso a la justicia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Actione teneri"
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SANTORU, PIETRO GIOVANNI ANTONIO. "QUASI EX CONTRACTU TENERI: RICERCHE SULL¿ORIGINE DELLA CATEGORIA DEL QUASI CONTRATTO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/843343.
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The purpose of this thesis is to make a contribution to the reflection on quasi-contracts by surveying the most problematic aspects of the subject. In particular, through the analysis of the evolutionary path made starting from the classification of the sources of obligation, it will be attempted whether the quasi-contract is already attested in the classical Roman jurisprudential thought and, at the same time, to understand what is the process that led to the development of the same.
The analysis is structured in four chapters. In the first one, it is outlined a brief historical evolutionary framework of the quasi-contract that starts from the reflections made by Roman jurists, in the main historical periods, and then reaches, passing through the discipline of common law and the doctrine of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the reasons that led to its non-acceptance within the current regulatory framework of the Italian Civil Code of 1942. In the second part, starting from the summa divisio obligationum contained in the Institutiones of Gaius, the first question is why a partition that is originally presented as basically complete, is not in fact so, and then what can be, following the close relationship between mutuum and solutio indebiti, the perspective from which the jurist moves in the elaboration of his partition. All of this, trying to establish whether, starting from the proper juridical foundation on which the obligationes ex variis causarum figuris are based, there is any clear dialectical purpose between what Gaius asserts in his multifunctional institutional manual and the subsequent elaboration envisaged in the Libri rerum cottidianarum sive aureorum.
In the third one, after that, an attempt will be made to demonstrate both the truthfulness and completeness of what has been transmitted to us in the Res cottidianae, about the tripartition of the sources of obligations and the figures that can be traced back to it, especially in the light of what was the subsequent elaboration expressed in Justinian’s Institutions, and then, questioning the relationship between obligatio and actio in personam, to establish whether, before and during the period in which Gaius lived, the cases listed among the obligationes ex variis causarum figuris were known, and likewise to ascertain whether they were treated in the same way as obligations that did not come within the category of contracts, but could, however, be approached analogically to them.
Finally, in the fourth chapter, taking its cue from Justinian’s systematization, in which the threefold division of the sources of obligations was replaced by a fourfold division in which, in addition to obligations under contract and delict, there are obligations quasi ex contractu and those quasi ex delicto, a review is made of the individual obligationes quasi ex contractu contained in the Iustiniani Institutiones, in relation to those provided for in the Res cottidianae, and concludes with an analysis of the relevant passages, devoted to quasi contractus, in the Greek Paraphrase to the Imperial Institutions of Theophilus.
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Genuit, Daisy. "Développement d'une nouvelle génération de catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement à haute teneur en phase active." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10144.
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Ce travail fait partie d'un effort de recherche visant à réduire la teneur en soufre des carburants pour satisfaire aux nouvelles normes européennes. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer une nouvelle génération de catalyserus à haute teneur en phase active à base de sulfure de molybdène promu par le cobalt ou le nickel. Ces catalyseurs sont obtenus par la précipitation du thiodimolybdate d'ammonium avec un sel ou complexe du cobalt ou nickel. Cette réaction s'effectue dans un solvant mixte (eau, éthylène glycol, surfactant organique). La formation des phases mixtes CoMoS et NiMoS obtenues par activation thermique du produit issu de la précipitation génère des catalyseurs jusqu'à 6 fois plus actifs que les catalyseurs commerciaux en HDS du 4,6-diméthyldibenzothiophène. L'adjonction d'alumine pendant la préparation permet non seulement d'augmenter l'activité catalytique de ces solides mais suggère une possible mise en forme ultérieure afin de leur conférer une morphologiee adaptée aux réacteurs industriels d'hydrodésulfuration
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Jackson, Desmond Henry. "The implementation of affirmative procurement policy : the post tender role of the public client." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1054.
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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005The study investigates the effectiveness of the Public Works Affirmative Procurement Policy in the Republic of South Africa, and the research being conducted in the Western Province. It is the intention of the researcher to determine the role of the public sector, and to determine if government's efforts to implement the policy of procurement have been successful. The aim of the Affirmative Procurement Policy was primarily to promote Affirmable Business Enterprises (ABE's i.e. small medium and micro enterprises which is owned mainly by previously disadvantaged communities or PDI's). The need to transform the public sector procurement system as current policies and procedures clearly favour large and established enterprises. In 1996 the State Tender Board approved the decision that the Department of Public Works implement the policy of APP, in all its construction projects. International models of procurement were explored, so to compare that with the current South African situation. Surveys conducted throughout the research targeted mainly previously disadvantaged individuals, in order to establish the ambiguity of the system. The countries discriminatory past laws contributed largely to the backlog of service delivery and to widespread impoverishment. Due to lack of resources, finance and skills training growth in the emerging sector hinders progress as contractors encounter numerous problems facing the industry. The introduction of the lO-point plan approved by Cabinet as a measure to achieve this goal was not fully successful as some provinces only implemented it partially whilst others have systems in place that differ from the proposal detailed in the plan. The implementation of affrrrnative procurement, which would ensure participation of, targeted groups would consequently address the development of SMME's, increase the volume of work and generate income among the marginalized sector of society.
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Smit, David. "Towards a tenure system for sustainable natural resource management for the communal and commonage land of the Leliefontein rural area, Namaqualand." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8792_1183462957.
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The aim of this research is firstly, to determine the impact of the current practiced tenure system in the Leliefontein Rural Area on the use of the natural resources and secondly, to devise and establish the most appropriate tenure system that will ensure the sustainable natural resource management on the communal and commonage land of the mentioned area. Quantitative questionnaires, review of relevant literature from documentation, research studies and reports were used to gather information and provide contextual insights. A wide spectrum from the Leliefontein Rural area specifically, Namaqualand in general and other semi-arid and communal areas in Southern Africa were covered with the gathering of the secondary data.
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Metcalfe, Simon Christopher. "Communal land reform in Zambia: governance, livelihood and conservation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1409_1242373575.
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Communal land tenure reform in Zambia is the overarching subject of study in this thesis. It is an important issue across southern Africa, raising questions of governance, livelihood security and conservation. WIldlife is a 'fugitive' and 'mobile' resource that traverses the spatially fixed tenure of communal lands, national parks and public forest reserves. The management of wildlife therefore requires that spatially defined proprietorial rights accommodate wildlife's temporal forage use. Land may bebounded in tenure, but if bounded by fences its utility as wildlife habitat is undermined. If land is unfenced, but its landholder cannot use wildlife then it is more a liability than an asset. Africa's terrestrial wildlife has enormous biodiversity value but its mobility requires management collaboration throughout its range, and the resolution of conflicting ecological and economic management scales. The paper does not aim to describe and explain the internal communal system of tenure over land and natural resources but rather how the communal system interacts with the state and the private sector.
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Segret, Léa. "Traitement pré récolte en vue de développer des opérations culturales permettant d'optimiser la teneur en principes actifs de plants de ginseng." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0003.
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France ginseng est une jeune entreprise qui cultive un ginseng "Made in France" de façon pérenne et rentable en France. Cette entreprise a développé un concept innovant de production de plante médicinale. En vue d'accélérer son développement et d'optimiser ses connaissances et ses techniques, un ambitieux programme de recherche et développement est lancé. Les objectifs du projet proposé porteront sur l'identification de facteurs agronomiques favorisant l'accumulation des ginsénosides et la qualité du produit obtenu. Plus précisément, il s'agira de définir et justifier via la physiologie de la feuille et de la racine, les conditions permettant d'obtenir ces meilleures teneurs et compositions en ginsénosides. A cette fin, des essais en conditions de cultures sous ombrières sur 2 sites de production ou en conditions contrôlées seront mis en place et conduits sur des plants de 1 à 4 ans. Divers traitements post-récolte seront associés à ces essais de productionFrance ginseng is a young company that cultivates ginseng "Made in France" in a sustainable and profitable way in France. This company has developed an innovative concept of medicinal plant production. In order to accelerate its development and to optimize its knowledge and techniques, an ambitious program of research and development is launched. The objectives of the proposed project will focus on the identification of agronomic factors improving the accumulation of ginsenosides and the quality of the product obtained. More precisely, the aim is to define and justify via the physiology of the leaf and the root, the conditions allowing to obtain the best contents and compositions in ginsenosides. For this purpose, tests under shade-culture conditions on 2 production sites in field or in controlled conditions in a greenhouse will be set up and conducted on plants of 1 to 4 years. Various post-harvest treatments will be associated with these production trials
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Ncube, Richmond. "Land Tenure Rights and Poverty Reduction in Mafela Resettlement Community (Matobo District, Zimbabwe)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4825_1323161074.
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In this research, I present critical facts about Land Tenure Systems and Poverty Reduction processes in Mafela Resettlement community. I focus mainly on the Post-Fast Track Land Reform (2004 â 2011) period and the interactive processes in this new resettlement area. The research - premised on the rights approach - sought to explore land tenure rights systems and poverty reduction mechanisms seen by the Mafela community to be improving their livelihoodsit also sought to find out if there is evidence linking tenure rights to poverty reduction and how land tenure rights governance systems affect their livelihoods. Suffice to say in both the animal kingdom and human world, territorial space and integrity, its demarcation as well as how resources are used within the space, given the area - calls for a - defined system of rights by the residents themselves. Whilst it is true that there is no one story about Zimbabweâs land reform (Scoones et al 2011), the contribution of this research towards insights emanating from the newly resettled farmers adds another invaluable contribution in the realm of rural development issues.
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Faucher, Karine. "Le système latéral du bar, Dicentrarchus labrax, et les conséquences d'un dysfonctionnement sur son comportement : action potentielle des ions métalliques." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS124.
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Le système latéral est un organe sensoriel présent chez les amphibiens aquatiques et les poissons. Il est utilisé par les poissons pour l'identification et la localisation d'obstacles, la détection des objets en mouvement (proies, prédateurs), la détection des vibrations générées par les ondes sonores, la communication intraspécifique (nage en banc, parade sexuelle) et la rhéotaxie. L'intégrité morphologique et fonctionnelle de ce système sensoriel apparaît donc comme un élément indispensable à la présence et à la survie d'un poisson dans un écosystème. Or, de part sa localisation à l'interface entre l'animal et le milieu, et le fait qu'il fonctionne via des flux d'ions, cet organe sensoriel exposé directement et en permanence au milieu ambiant pourrait être la cible d'une pollution d'origine naturelle ou anthropique. Le but de cette étude était d'examiner l'impact d'une pollution métallique (et en particulier, de l'ion cadmium) du milieu sur l'état tissulaire et fonctionnel du système latéral du bar, Dicentrarchus labrax (L. ), puis d'observer les conséquences comportementales induites sur des groupes d'individus évoluant dans des conditions contrôlées de laboratoire. Une étude préliminaire des caractéristiques morphologiques et de la distribution spatiale des deux types de neuromastes composant le système latéral du bar a été réalisée à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à balayage. Comme ce qui a été généralement observé chez les téléostéens, le bar possède deux types de neuromastes (superficiels et canaux) répartis sur la tête, le tronc et la queue. Le gradient décroissant de capacité sensorielle, mis en évidence de l'extrémité rostrale à l'extrémité caudale de la ligne latérale troncale du bar, est très original et pourrait jouer un rôle dans le fonctionnement du système latéral. L'axe de sensibilité majeure des deux types de neuromastes du système latéral troncal a été identifié dans l'axe longitudinal du poisson, ce qui lui octroie une sensibilité accrue aux stimuli appliqués le long de son corps. Afin de révéler les conséquences comportementales liées à un dysfonctionnement du système latéral du bar, les deux types de neuromastes ont été endommagés artificiellement. Pour cela, une double technique spécifique, efficace, reproductible et peu invasive pour le poisson a été mise au point afin de dégrader au maximum ce système sensoriel. Cette méthode alliait la section des nerfs innervant le système latéral et un bain antibiotique. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que l'inactivation du système latéral du poisson entraîne une réduction de son comportement d'exploration verticale de l'habitat. Par contre, l'inactivation de ce système sensoriel n'a pas d'effet sur la prise alimentaire nocturne du poisson lorsque cette prise est constituée de proies inertes, un système de compensation sensorielle s'appuyant sur le système olfactif se met en place très rapidement. Les conséquences comportementales d'une exposition aiguë du bar à l'ion métallique cadmium ont ensuite été examinées. Cette étude a montré que le cadmium à forte concentration dans l'eau de mer (5 µg. L-1) a un effet inhibiteur sur la réponse de fuite des poissons face à un danger. Cet effet comportemental s'accompagne de la destruction des deux types de neuromastes composant le système latéral observé en microscopie électronique à balayage. Après 21 jours, on constate une régénération des tissus des neuromastes, ainsi qu'une restauration du comportement de fuite des poissons. Par contre, lors de l'exposition aiguë au cadmium à la concentration rencontrée en milieu naturel contaminé (0,5 µg. L-1), le comportement de fuite du poisson n'est pas modifié et les tissus des neuromastes demeurent intacts. Cependant, les stimuli appliqués lors de cette étude pour simuler un danger au poisson étant relativement forts, on peut donc se demander si après une exposition aiguë au cadmium à 0,5 µg. L-1, le bar serait toujours capable de détecter le mouvement subreptice d'une proie vivante mobile. Ce travail mériterait d'être poursuivi par des études visant à déterminer la concentration seuil de cadmium responsable de dommages tissulaires au niveau des neuromastes et celle causant des désordres comportementaux. Il serait également intéressant d'examiner l'effet synergique des ions métalliques présents dans le milieu naturel (cadmium, cobalt, cuivre, mercure, nickel, plomb, zinc, etc. . . . ) sur le système latéral du bar et le comportement de cette espèceThe lateral system is a sensory organ found in aquatic amphibians and fish. It is used by fish for obstacle identification and localization obstacles, for moving objects (preys, predators) detection, for the detection of vibrations generated by low-frequency sound waves, for intraspecific communication (shoaling and sexual parade) and rheotaxis. The functional and morphologic integrity of this sensory system appears thus as an indispensable element for the presence and the survey of fish in an ecosystem. By its localization at the interface between the animal and the environment, and the fact that it functions via ion flux, this sensory organ, directly and constantly exposed to ambient medium, could then be the target of a natural or anthropic pollution. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of an environmental metallic pollution (and in particular, the cadmium ion) on tissues and function of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L. ) lateral system, then to observe behavioral consequences induced on individual groups evolving in laboratory controlled conditions. A preliminary study concerning morphologic characteristics and spatial distribution of both types of neuromasts composing the sea bass lateral system was realized using scanning electron microscopy. As usually observed in teleosts, the sea bass possesses two types of neuromasts (superficial and canal ones) distributed on the head, trunk and tail. The decreasing gradient of sensory capacity, underlined from the rostral to the caudal ends of the sea bass trunk lateral line system, is really original and could be involved in the lateral system function. The major sensitivity axis of both types of neuromasts from the trunk lateral line system was identified along the fish's long axis, which confers itself a greater sensitivity of stimuli applied along its body. To reveal the behavioral consequences related to a sea bass lateral system dysfunction, both types of neuromasts were artificially damaged. For this, a double specific, efficient, reproducible and few invasive technique for fish was developed in order to alter at most this sensory system. This method combined the lateral system nerves section with an antibiotic bath. The results indicate that the fish lateral system inactivation involves a reduction of its habitat vertical exploration behavior. In contrast, the fish lateral system inactivation has no effect on the fish nocturnal demand feeding when stationary preys constitute food. A sensory compensation system leaning on olfactive system sets very quickly. The behavioral consequences of an acute exposition of sea bass to cadmium ions were then investigated. This study has shown that cadmium at high concentration in seawater (5 µg. L-1) has an inhibitory effect on the fish startle response facing a danger. This behavioral effect goes along with the destruction of both types of lateral system neuromasts observed in scanning electron microscopy. After 21 days, we notice tissue neuromast regeneration as well as fish startle response restoration. In contrast, when exposed to cadmium at the concentration of the contaminated natural environment (0,5 µg. L-1), fish startle response was not modified and neuromast tissues remain intact. However, in this study, the stimuli applied to simulate a danger to fish being of relatively high intensity, we can wonder if after an acute exposition to cadmium at 0,5 µg. L-1, the sea bass will be always able to detect the surreptitious movement of an alive moving prey. This work would earn to be pursued by studies aiming at determining the cadmium threshold concentration responsible to neuromast tissue damages and the one causing behavioral disorders. It would be also interesting to examine the synergetic effect of metallic ions present in natural environment (cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, etc. . . ) on the sea bass lateral system and on this species behavior
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Van, Frank Gaëlle. "Gestion participative de la diversité cultivée et création de mélanges diversifiés de blé tendre à la ferme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS525/document.
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La transition d'une agriculture diversifiée à un système productiviste a entraîné une perte de diversité cultivée et pose de nombreux enjeux environnementaux, sociétaux et de santé. Des alternatives telles que l'agro-écologie ont émergé, reposant sur la valorisation de l'agro-biodiversité, notamment de la diversité génétique au sein des agroécosystèmes. Constatant qu'aucune des variétés du catalogue n'est adaptée à leurs besoins, des paysan.ne.s et animateur.trice.s du Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) mènent depuis 2006, en collaboration avec l'équipe DEAP (Diversité, Évolution et Adaptation des Populations) de l'UMR GQE Le Moulon, un projet de sélection participative (SP) du blé tendre. Ces paysan.ne.s mobilisent la diversité pour sélectionner des populations adaptées à leurs pratiques, terroirs et débouchés, dans le but de retrouver une autonomie semencière et une cohérence de leur système. Ma thèse porte sur l'étude des impacts des pratiques de gestion collective et de sélection paysanne sur la diversité cultivée du blé et l'adaptation des populations. Elle vise à proposer des adaptations éventuelles des pratiques de SP existantes et d'appuyer la mise en place de nouveaux projets. Les impacts de pratiques de création et sélection à la ferme de mélanges de populations sur leur comportement agronomique et morphologique ont été évalués par une expérimentation en collaboration avec une quinzaine de paysan.ne.s et animateur.trice.s du RSP. Dans une deuxième partie nous avons étudié les impacts de la sélection naturelle et la sélection paysanne sur l'évolution des populations, leur stabilité et leur adaptation aux environnements au cours du projet de SP blé. Ensuite une étude prospective a porté sur les impacts de l'adoption de peuplements hétérogènes sur la diversité cultivée à l'échelle du paysage, par l'évaluation de la diversité des populations issues de SP, la simulation de scénarii d'adoption des peuplements hétérogènes et l'utilisation d'indicateurs de la diversité cultivée. Enfin, je me suis intéressée aux impacts qu'ont les paramètres du dispositif expérimental mis en place sur les fermes sur l'ajustement et la précision des estimations par les modèles Bayésiens utilisés, afin d'améliorer notre capacité à détecter des différences significatives entre populations et de donner des recommandations pour d'autres projets d'évaluation décentralisée de variétés utilisant les dispositifs et modèles développés dans projet SP blé françaisThe transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project
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Mfuywa, Sigqibo Onward. "Factors affecting the functioning of the pro-active land acquisition strategy in the Buffalo City Municipal area." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011786.
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A Pro-active Land Acquisition Strategy is an aspect of the land reform programme which is aimed at speeding up land acquisition. The distinct feature of this approach is that the State acquires land pro-actively and then identifies beneficiaries who then become leaseholders. In other land reform programmes the land is acquired by the state and transferred to the beneficiaries, who then own the land. The Pro-active Land Acquisition Strategy was approved ‘in principle’ in July 2003, and included Ministerial provisions that an implementation plan be developed prior to the implementation of the strategy in 2006. The Pro-active Land Acquisition Strategy deals with two possible approaches: a needs-based approach and a supply-led approach, but essentially focuses on the State as the lead driver in land redistribution, rather than the current beneficiary-driven redistribution (Pro-active Land Acquisition Strategy, 2006:4). The Department of Land Affairs Pro-active Land Acquisition Strategy implementation plan (2006:4) further outlines the important elements in order to contextualize the Proactive Implementation Framework, and to stress the revision of the plan in terms of the “new trajectory”. The strategy shifts from the principle that there is a need or demand for land. It is not driven by the demand of beneficiaries, but rather state-driven. This means that the State will target proactively land and compare this with the demand for land.
Books on the topic "Actione teneri"
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Uncharted territory: Land, conflict and humanitarian action. Rugby: Practical Action Publishing, 2009.
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Heather, Conway. Co-ownership of land: Partition actions and remedies. 2nd ed. Haywards Heath: Bloomsbury Professional, 2012.
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Permanent Technical Team on Land Reform (Namibia). Strategic options and action plan for land reform in Namibia. [Windhoek, Namibia]: Government of the Republic of Namibia, Ministry of Lands and Resettlement, the Permanent Technical Team on Land Reform, 2005.
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Group, Great Britain Land Reform Policy. Recommendations for action: January 1999. [Edinburgh, Scotland]: Scottish Office, 1999.
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Mike, Robinson. Mapping how we use our land: Participatory action research. Calgary: Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, 1994.
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Winks, Robin W. 'To stimulate to some action': The Harmsworth professorship 1920-2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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Laurie, Cosgrove, Evans David, and Yencken David, eds. Restoring the land: Environmental values, knowledge, and action. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1994.
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Zepeda, Manuel Garza. Luchas y autodeterminación social en Oaxaca: Dos experiencias de movilización por la tierra urbana (1974-1977). Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca: Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2018.
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Alain, De Janvry, and World Institute for Development Economics Research., eds. Access to land, rural poverty, and public action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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J, Roth Michael, Somalia Wasaaradda Beeraha, USAID/Somalia, and University of Wisconsin--Madison. Land Tenure Center., eds. Land tenure policy and registration in Somalia: An action plan for legislative and administrative reforms. Madison, Wis: Land Tenure Center, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Actione teneri"
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Heidenreich, Sharon. "Tender Action." In Englisch für Architekten und Bauingenieure - English for Architects and Civil Engineers, 155–68. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03063-6_12.
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Heidenreich, Sharon. "Tender Action." In Englisch für Architekten und Bauingenieure – English for Architects and Civil Engineers, 131–44. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9621-6_10.
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Heidenreich, Sharon. "Tender Action." In Englisch für Architekten und Bauingenieure - English for Architects and Civil Engineers, 141–54. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-2226-0_11.
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Heidenreich, Sharon. "Tender Action." In Englisch für Architekten und Bauingenieure - English for Architects and Civil Engineers, 157–70. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13954-4_12.
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Heidenreich, Sharon. "Tender Action." In Englisch für Architekten und Bauingenieure - English for Architects and Civil Engineers, 171–84. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26052-1_13.
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Rhode, Alexander. "Contracting Authorities’ scope of action in tenders." In Public Procurement in the European Union, 59–86. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28073-4_4.
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Timmins, Hannah L., Patricia Mupeta-Muyamwa, Jackson Marubu, Chira Schouten, Edward Lekaita, and Daudi Peterson. "Securing Communal Tenure Complemented by Collaborative Platforms for Improved Participatory Landscape Management and Sustainable Development: Lessons from Northern Tanzania and the Maasai Mara in Kenya." In Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development, 247–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81881-4_12.
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AbstractCommunity lands play a critical role in community well-being and conservation, but community lands can be at odds with statutory land systems. We present two case studies from the Kenya-Tanzania border that illuminates the risks of top-down approaches imposing misaligned privatized tenurial systems onto the community, and the potential of community-based organizations (CBO) to promote collaboration in a socially fractured landscape via communal titles. The case studies indicate that applying a private tenure system in a misaligned cultural setting can fracture cultural and ecological coexistence between communities and the land. CBOs can play a role in catalyzing collective action to resolve these issues. The full devolution of rights must be sensitive to communities’ culture, traditions, and history, while ensuring avenues for collective action.
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Caron, Cynthia M. "Women's insights on bargaining for land in customary tenure systems: land access as an individual and collective issue." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 80–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0007.
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Abstract This chapter finds that women bargain with men in different ways for land access and that women see lack of access as an individual rather than a collective problem. Recent donor interventions that seek to improve women's land tenure security focus on women as private, rights-holding individuals within the household. While there is evidence that individual women do benefit from such schemes, donors also might focus on investments in grassroots and women's organizations and networks and leadership development so that women might be more willing to help one another thereby expanding the space for women's collective action.
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Murphy, Colleen, and Charles Fogelman. "Gender, structural inequality and just governance." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 15–22. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0002.
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Abstract This chapter examines the ways in which gendered structural inequality inhibits the just governance of land. Institutions of various kinds (legal, governmental, economic, social, and cultural) specify rules and norms for interaction. Rules and norms outline what types of action are permitted, required, or prohibited by certain groups of actors, as well as the formal and informal penalties for violating such rules and norms. Structural inequality exists when institutional rules and norms differentially restrict opportunities for certain groups to do and become things of value (e.g. being healthy, being employed, being educated) and differentially restrict the ability of certain groups to shape and define institutional rules and norms.
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Arroyo, José Luis Blas. "‘No eres inteligente ni para tener amigos… Pues anda que tú’ [‘You are not even clever enough to have any friends… Look who’s talking!’]: a quantitative analysis of the production and reception of impoliteness in present-day Spanish reality television." In Real Talk: Reality Television and Discourse Analysis in Action, 218–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313461_11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Actione teneri"
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van Velzen, L. P. M. "Developments in Radiological Characterization and Remediation of Non-Nuclear Industrial Sites in the Netherlands." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4821.
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In the Netherlands, like in other countries, many industries process ores that contain small amounts of natural radioactivity e.g. phosphate ore for the production of phosphate-acid and fertilizers. These non-nuclear industries have often started their activities many years ago, sometimes 50 to 60 years ago, and cases are known for even longer periods. In these periods no governmental regulations concerning naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) existed and it was generally accepted that remaining materials of the industrial process were used for road construction, site improvement, send to household waste belts etc. In the eighties of the last century one became aware that due to industrial processes enhanced concentrations of NORM (TENORM; Technical Enhanced NORM) could occur and employees could receive doses that had to be observed and regulated. Due to this regulations and R&D new processes were set-up and existing factories were closed and successfully decommissioned and dismantled. What remains is that at these sites, due to actions and disposals in the past, enhanced NORM material can still be present that now will fall under the new established regulations. The radiological characterization is a necessarily action for the official ending of the site license in the case that no activities remain that use NORM or produce TENORM. Radiological characterization is also recommended in the case that the property changes of ownership. The characterization gives the new owner the security that there are no spots left with NORM or TENORM above existing governmental limits. While the advantage for the former owner is that no financial funds have to be reserved for an eventual contamination of a non localized spot with NORM or TENORM that supersedes existing governmental limits. In The Netherlands experience has been gained with the radiological characterization, decommissioning and remediation of non-nuclear industrial sites. Used methods will be presented and especially the process of radiological characterization and the definitions of selection and action criteria including motivations.
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Ishmuratova, N. M., M. P. Yakovleva, V. A. Vydrina, Yu V. Myasoedova, L. R. Garifullina, and G. Yu Ishmuratov. "Creation of a pheromone preparation for the control of Tenebrio molitor – a pest of grain and grain products." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-22.
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Sonaike, Kayode, S. M. Hadi Sadati, Christos Bergeles, and Ian D. Walker. "Exploiting the Morphology of a Shape Memory Spring as the Active Backbone of a Highly Dexterous Tendril Robot (ATBR)." In 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros45743.2020.9341692.
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Dyson, Richard, James Varney, Vaseem Khan, and Chris Dartnell. "Net Zero Facilities – A Tenet for Survival or a Pipedream." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31098-ms.
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Abstract To meet global climate targets, it is critical that the oil and gas industry address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to its operations. According to the IEA, 15% of global energy-related GHG emissions arise from the process of hydrocarbon extraction and distribution. Production facilities built today may operate for 20-30 years, by which time industries, governments and countries have committed to significant reductions in emissions. If facilities are not designed with carbon neutrality in mind, there is a risk that carbon pricing may cause projects to become uneconomic before their planned end-of-life - an expensive folly. To meet GHG emission targets and de-risk projects it is essential that operators design and construct facilities with carbon neutrality in mind. This will future-proof their operations, ensuring that operators are active participants in a carbon neutral future. In fact, this is a tenet for survival in a world with pressure to decarbonise from shareholders, financial institutions, and society itself. This paper presents a pathway to the carbon neutral upstream facility. A methodology to achieve net-zero emissions for an offshore compression platform is proposed. The project team used a Decision Quality framework to identify methods for achieving carbon neutrality, including: Power import and electrification Renewable micro-grids Integration with hydrogen networks Reduction of fugitive emissions Flare system removal Facility demanning and access method Engineered offsetting methods (excluding nature-based offsetting) Digital Transformation of design and operations - remote operation and monitoring. Design concepts were created to test carbon neutral facilities feasibility. Expertise gained from demanning projects, along with specialist Electrical & Instrumentation experience were used, to perform a techno-economic assessment. Class 5 CAPEX and OPEX estimates were prepared and compared against a Reference Case "traditional" facility design. Traditional approaches to facility design were challenged at every level and an optimal, carbon neutral design was identified based on the above assessments integrating the latest techniques and technology. The study team determined the facilities lifecycle cost, identifying breakeven carbon pricing required to ensure cost-competitiveness. This paper demonstrates what is achievable with current technology, and opportunities for further technology development. Breakeven carbon pricing for carbon neutral facilities is presented within a range of economic scenarios. A hierarchy of technologies show those which have the biggest impact per dollar spent. This will allow operators to make informed decisions on areas that present the biggest targets for emissions reduction. The methodology can be adapted to any geographical region, considering local infrastructure and carbon pricing. The approach presented can be applied across many industries. Long lifespan, capital intensive projects with large GHG footprints are particularly vulnerable to carbon taxes. These projects have much to gain from adopting carbon neutrality early in system design.
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LAIRESSE, Julie. "Le visuel comme vecteur de modifications comportementales : le cas de l’émulation écologique." In Les journées de l'interdisciplinarité 2022. Limoges: Université de Limoges, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/lji.598.
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L’émulation écologie est le nom donné aux nudges ayant pour objectif de permettre aux individus d’avoir un meilleur comportement vis-à-vis de l’environnement. Les nudges sont des dispositifs offrant la possibilité d’influencer les pratiques des individus sans les priver de liberté. Pour ce faire, les nudges utilisent divers biais cognitifs afin d’orienter les attitudes individuelles vers des actions plus vertueuses pour eux-mêmes, mais également pour la société de manière générale. De nombreux nudges reposent sur une modification des formants plastiques de l’objet nudgé, notamment via la mise en place de dispositifs visuels. Cet article suggère alors de s’interroger sur l’efficience des visuels afin d’influencer les comportements. Est-ce efficace ? Et si tel est le cas, comment cela fonctionne-t-il ? A l’aide d’un corpus nous allons tenter de proposer quelques pistes de réponses.
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de Miranda, Mario, Luca Marinini, Rodrigo Affonso, and Marta de Miranda. "The Design of the new Storstrøm Bridge: design philosophy, structural concepts, fundamental design and innovative construction methods." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0686.
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<p>This paper describes the structural design of the new Storstrøm Bridge under construction in Denmark, carried out by DMA - De Miranda Associati from the initial tender phase through development of basic design to the early phases of construction in 2021.</p><p>The bridge, the contracting entity for which is the Danish Road Directorate, is a prestressed concrete road and railway structure almost 4km long, including a central cable-stayed section with 160m spans and two approach viaducts.</p><p>The paper describes the design concepts, structural concepts, construction methods, static and dynamic analysis, as well as the wind analysis and the wind tunnel test campaign designed by DMA and carried out for assessing the structural response of the bridge to wind action.</p>
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Tyagi, Pawan. "Easily Adoptable Interactive Teaching Practices and Students Progress Monitoring Strategies." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39118.
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An active class room teaching practice can become highly rewarding for students. An instructor practicing active learning approaches may get significantly higher success in inculcating course materials deeply as compared to a lecture based teaching. However, transitioning from prevailing lecture based instruction to an active learning approach can be hampered by the reservations and prejudices of an engineering educator; a tenure track faculty may find it even more challenging to leave the traditional lecture based teaching approach and adopt an active teaching approach. This paper will describe the active teaching techniques that I, a tenure track faculty, has been practicing to teach mechanical engineering courses; the main discussion will focus on the Fuel Cell Science and Technology course. I have devised my current deep learning and teaching strategies through a yearlong Myrtilla Miner Faculty Fellowship cohort under Dr. Ken Bain and a number of workshops on the group based active teaching and peer interaction based teaching. This paper describes the strategies for developing a teaching and assessment plan for the courses I teach by emphasizing on (i) designing significant learning outcomes before starting a class, (ii) the long term retention of key concepts of a course by fostering student centered deep learning course activities, and (iii) far transfer of the skills students gain from a course. The first topic of this paper is about various strategies to understand students’ motivations and inhibitions that may govern their learning curve in a course. The second topic of this paper discusses the crucial aspect of designing a promising syllabus to give students a bigger purpose for learning the course material; a promising syllabus attempt to connect students’ long held curiosities and career ambitions with the course to be offered. The third topic delves into the strategies to engage students in self-preparation to assimilate the key concepts to be discussed in a class. This paper will also highlight the approach to design conceptual quizzes to guide student preparation before they come to the class and then use the same conceptual quizzes to conduct peer discussion and define the flow of a class; this strategy is derived from Dr. Eric Mazur’s work on peer interaction based teaching. The fourth topic is about the utility of one pager feedback form to be filled by the students after every class. This paper will discuss structure and effectiveness of the feedback form in improving student attention and participation in the class discussions. I have offered two workshops on effective teaching at the University of the District of Columbia to promote active student learning in a wide range of courses. I plan to conduct workshops for the middle and high school teachers to share the effective teaching skills.
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Идрисов, Хусейн Вахаевич. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CATEGORY OF GUILT THROUGH PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY." In Социально-экономические и гуманитарные науки: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Февраль 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/seh295.2021.29.79.008.
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Статья посвящена характеристике элемента вины в теории психоанализа. Рассматриваются основные положения психоанализа в отношении таких категорий как вина, стыд, совесть, чувство неполноценности и ряд др. В заключении работы формулируется вывод о том, что вина как психологическое чувство, определенное внутреннее психологическое состояние, возникает в ситуациях, когда индивид претерпевает дискомфортные состояния, связанные с внешними последствиями, проявлениями своего поведения, действий, выходящих за рамки общепринятых правил. the article is devoted to the characterization of the element of guilt in the theory of psychoanalysis. Discusses the tenets of psychoanalysis in relation to such categories as guilt, shame, conscience, a sense of inferiority and many others. In the conclusion of the work, the conclusion is formulated that guilt as a psychological feeling, a certain internal psychological state, occurs in situations when an individual undergoes uncomfortable states associated with external consequences, manifestations of his behavior, actions that go beyond the generally accepted rules.
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Peake, R. Thomas, Daniel Schultheisz, Loren W. Setlow, Brian Littleton, Reid Rosnick, and Ken Czyscinski. "An Overview of US EPA’s Current Radioactive Waste Management and General Radiation Protection Efforts." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16104.
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The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Radiation Protection Division is the portion of EPA (or the Agency) that develops environmental standards for radioactive waste disposal in the United States. One current issue of concern is the disposal of low activity radioactive waste (LAW), including wastes that would be produced by a radiological dispersal device (RDD), for which current disposal options may be either inconsistent with the hazard presented by the material or logistically problematic. Another major issue is related to the resurgence in uranium mining. Over the past several years, demand for uranium for nuclear power plant fuel has increased as has the price. The increase in price has made uranium mining potentially profitable in the US. EPA is reviewing its relevant regulations, developed primarily in the 1980s, for potential revisions. For example, in-situ leaching (also known as in-situ recovery) is now the technology of choice where applicable, yet our current environmental standards are focused on conventional uranium milling. EPA has two actions in process, one related to the Clean Air Act, the other related to revising the environmental standards that implement the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (UMTRCA). Separately, but related, EPA has developed over the last several years uranium mining documents that address technologically enhanced natural occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) from abandoned uranium mines, and wastes generated by active uranium extraction facilities. Lastly, in 1977 EPA developed environmental standards that address nuclear energy, fuel fabrication, reprocessing, and other aspects of the uranium fuel cycle. In light of the increased interest in nuclear power and the potential implementation of advanced fuel cycle technologies, the Agency is now reviewing the standards to determine their continued applicability for the twenty-first century.
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Kutrowski, Karine, Rob Bos, Jean-Re´gis Piccardino, and Marie Pajot. "Implementation of a Pipeline Integrity Management System at TIGF (France): The Added Value of the Pipeline Threats and Mitigations Module." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64123.
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On January 4th 2007 TIGF published the following invitation for tenders: “Development and Provision of a Pipeline Integrity Management System”. The project was awarded to Bureau Veritas (BV), who proposed to meet the requirements of TIGF with the Threats and Mitigations module of the PiMSlider® suite extended with some customized components. The key features of the PiMSlider® suite are: • More than only IT: a real integrity philosophy, • A simple intuitive tool to store, display and update pipeline data, • Intelligent search utilities to locate specific information about the pipeline and its surrounding, • A scalable application, with a potentially unlimited number of users, • Supervision (during and after implementation) by experienced people from the oil and gas industry. This paper first introduces TIGF and the consortium BV – ATP. It explains in a few words the PIMS philosophy captured in the PiMSlider® suite and focuses on the added value of the pipeline Threats and Mitigations module. Using this module allows the integrity analyst to: • Prioritize pipeline segments for integrity surveillance purposes, • Determine most effective corrective actions, • Assess the benefits of corrective actions by means of what-if scenarios, • Produce a qualitative threats assessment for further use in the integrity management plan, • Optimize integrity aspects from a design, maintenance and operational point of view, • Investigate the influence of different design criteria for pipeline segments. To conclude, TIGF presents the benefits of the tool for their Integrity Management department and for planning inspection and for better knowledge of their gas transmission grid.
Reports on the topic "Actione teneri"
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Oyono, Phil René. Poverty, tenure security, and landscape governance: Exploring inextricable interdependencies for science, policy, and action. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134791.
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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.
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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.
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The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.
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Hambrey, John, Paul Medley, Sue Evans, Crick Carlton, Carole Beaumont, and Tristan Southall. Evidence gathering in support of sustainable Scottish inshore fisheries: work package (6) final report: integrating stock management considerations with market opportunities in the Scottish inshore fisheries sector – a pilot study. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.24677.
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In June 2014, Hambrey Consulting successfully responded to a call for tenders for research to undertake a pilot assessment of the potential economic and associated benefits of establishing minimum market landing size (MMLS) in excess of minimum legal landing size (MLS) for shellfish; and to evaluate if such an intervention could be undertaken at a regional level. The project was originally conceived as including 3 case studies, but the scope of the research led us to focus mainly on the trawl and creel fishery for Nephrops prosecuted by the fleet based in Skye and SW Ross. The basic framework for the assessment approach was to: Develop an economic profile of the case study area and its fishing fleet; Review and synthesise existing data on size profile of the catch, the factors that affect size, including costs associated with individual (vessel) actions or strategies to increase the size profile of the catch; Analyse market and market trends, and the prices for different sizes of product; Develop economic models of representative fishing enterprises, taking account of the relationships between costs and returns and the size profile of the catch; Use plausible scenarios to explore likely short term economic consequences of any changes in MMLS; Use yield and utility per recruit analysis to explore possible yield benefits associated with increased MMLS.
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de Marcellis-Warin, Nathalie, and Ingrid Peignier. BAROMÈTRE DE LA CONFIANCE DES CONSOMMATEURS QUÉBÉCOIS À L’EGARD DES ALIMENTS -2e édition-. CIRANO, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/jgoa6889.
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La Politique bioalimentaire du gouvernement du Québec place les attentes des consommateurs et leur santé au cœur des priorités pour les prochaines années. Offrir des produits répondants aux besoins des consommateurs figure parmi les principales orientations définies pour atteindre les ambitions et les cibles de cette politique. Dans ce contexte, le Baromètre de la confiance des consommateurs québécois à l’égard des aliments du CIRANO est un outil important et très utile à la prise de décisions pour les différentes directions du ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ), mais aussi pour l’ensemble des parties prenantes du secteur bioalimentaire. Réalisé sur une base régulière, le Baromètre permet de bien cerner les tendances et de tenir compte de l’évolution du contexte dans lequel les Québécoises et Québécois font des choix en matière d’alimentation. Comme c’était le cas de la première édition en 2019, le Baromètre de 2021 fournit des informations riches, opportunes et inédites sur un ensemble d’enjeux reliés au niveau de confiance des consommateurs à l’égard des aliments. Il permet aussi d’identifier des actions à privilégier pour le gouvernement, incluant des leviers pour augmenter la consommation d’aliments biologiques ou d’aliments du Québec, s’attaquer au gaspillage alimentaire ou encore encourager les pratiques d’affaires responsables comme le bienêtre animal ou le respect de l’environnement. Cette deuxième édition du Baromètre est fondée sur une enquête administrée du 8 au 11 février 2021 auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 1005 personnes. Le rapport présente des statistiques descriptives très détaillées, mais aussi les résultats d’analyses multivariées et tests statistiques afin de déterminer si les résultats varient significativement en fonction de certaines caractéristiques sociodémographiques des personnes interrogées comme le sexe, l’âge, la région de résidence, le revenu. Les analyses multivariées permettent aussi de déterminer si certains comportements, contextes, aptitudes ou attitudes ont un impact sur diverses variables d’intérêt, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Quelques faits saillants
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Bishop, Stephanie, and Juliana Correa. Consideraciones clave: la participación de los jóvenes de América Latina y el caribe en la respuesta al COVID-19. SSHAP, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.028.
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La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado de gran forma a los jóvenes de toda América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Desde el año 2020, los jóvenes de ALC se han enfrentado a muchos desafíos, como tener adaptarse a entornos de aprendizaje virtuales, han sufrido experiencias de depresión y pérdidas, desempleo, entre otros, sin ninguna señal clara de alivio. Si bien las medidas sociales y de salud pública instituidas por los gobiernos fueron necesarias para frenar la transmisión del COVID-19, la mayoría de ellas no tuvieron en cuenta las necesidades de los jóvenes. Con poco apoyo, los jóvenes tuvieron que enfrentarse a la pandemia por su cuenta. A medida que avanza la respuesta a la pandemia, surgen preguntas clave para los profesionales y los gobiernos, como las siguientes: ¿Qué lecciones podemos aprender de las perspectivas de los jóvenes en la respuesta al COVID-19 hasta ahora? ¿Y cómo podemos involucrar de una mejor manera a los jóvenes en la preparación y respuesta a la pandemia ahora y en el futuro? Este informe se base en la literatura académica y gris que explora cómo el COVID-19 afecta a los jóvenes, así como en literatura que describe la respuesta a la pandemia en ALC y otras regiones. Presenta consideraciones sobre cómo involucrar a los jóvenes considerándolos no solo como parte de la población afectada, sino también como socios en la respuesta. El informe tiene por objetivo orientar a los actores humanitarios, los funcionarios de salud pública, los defensores de los jóvenes, los profesionales de la participación de la comunidad y otros involucrados en la respuesta al COVID-19. También representa un aporte a la base de pruebas existente sobre el impacto del COVID-19 en los jóvenes. Estas lecciones son útiles para fortalecer la preparación y las respuestas programáticas a los brotes epidémicos. Se consideran jóvenes las personas entre los 10 y los 24 años de edad. Las consideraciones clave se comparten para los adolescentes (de 10 a 19 años) y los jóvenes (de 15 a 24 años). Barbados y Brasil fueron elegidos como estudios de caso debido a su gran número de jóvenes (que representan algo menos del 20 % de la población en ambos países), así como a sus diferentes respuestas nacionales al COVID-19, a pesar de enfrentarse a retos similares durante la pandemia. Este informe es parte de la serie de Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) sobre las consideraciones de las ciencias sociales en relación con el COVID-19. Forma parte de una serie elaborada por los participantes del programa de becas de SSHAP, cohorte 2, y fue escrita por Stephanie Bishop y Juliana Corrêa. Las contribuciones fueron proporcionadas por expertos en la materia de UNICEF, el Ministerio de la Juventud de Barbados y la Universidad de Espírito Santo. El informe recibió el apoyo del equipo de SSHAP en el Institute of Development Studies y fue editado por Victoria Haldane (Anthrologica). Este informe es responsabilidad de SSHAP.
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.
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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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Indigenous Peoples & Local Community Tenure in the INDCs: Status and Recommendations. Rights and Resources Initiative, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/itwr4987.
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This brief presents a review of 161 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted on behalf of 188 countries for COP 21 to determine the extent to which Parties made clear commitments to strengthen or expand the tenure and natural resource management rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities as part of their climate change mitigation plans or associated adaptation actions. Of the 161 INDCs submitted, 131 are from countries with tropical and subtropical forests.
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Rights-Based Conservation: The path to preserving Earth's biological and cultural diversity? Rights and Resources Initiative, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/zikj2998.
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This report is informed by the imperative to prevent the collapse of biodiversity while respecting the tenure and human rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples. It seeks to highlight the risks and opportunities arising out of the proposed expansion of conservation areas by asking the following questions: 1) How many people live within important biodiversity conservation areas, including existing protected areas that could be affected by future conservation action required to meet biodiversity protection imperatives? 2) What is the distribution of people living in important biodiversity conservation areas according to the income status of countries? 3) As a notional exercise, what could be the potential financial cost of exclusionary conservation practices applied to all high biodiversity value terrestrial areas? 4) What are the costs and benefits of community rights-based conservation as an alternate pathway for the expansion of areas under conservation to meet biodiversity goals? 5) To what extent would recognizing and enforcing the collective tenure rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples contribute towards area-based targets for conservation?
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Who Owns the Land in Africa? Formal recognition of community-based land rights in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rights and Resources Initiative, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/wlvi2246.
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The question of who owns the world’s lands and natural resources is a major source of contestation around the globe, affecting prospects for rural economic development, human rights and dignity, cultural survival, political stability, conservation of the environment, and efforts to combat climate change. To inform advocacy and action on community land rights, RRI has published Who Owns the World’s Land? A global baseline of formally recognized indigenous & community land rights (“the global baseline”), which identifies the amount of land national governments have formally recognized as owned or controlled by Indigenous Peoples and local communities across 64 countries constituting 82 percent of global land area. The report focuses on community-based tenure regimes, which include any system where formal rights to own or manage land or terrestrial resources are held at the community level, including lands held under customary tenure regimes. This brief summarizes findings on community ownership and control of lands in the 19 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that were included in the global baseline.