Journal articles: 'Action reaction'

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Herman, Martin, and Daniel Scheidt. "Action/Reaction." Leonardo Music Journal 3 (1993): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1513284.

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Hewitt, Paul. "ACTION-REACTION." Physics Teacher 46, no. 6 (September 2008): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2971213.

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Dopheide, Julie. "Action not reaction." Mental Health Clinician 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.n167597.

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Freebairn, Ross. "Action and Reaction." Critical Care Medicine 43, no. 9 (September 2015): 2039–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000001169.

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Ryan, Sharon. "action or reaction!" Journal of Early Childhood Research 6, no. 1 (February 2008): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x07086602.

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Dollbaum, Jan Matti. "Aktion und Reaktion." osteuropa 70, no. 6 (2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2020-0039.

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Chu, Lan T. "From Reaction to Action." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 11, no. 2 (2016): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jvs.2016.11.2.37.

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Melosh, H. J. "Action and delayed reaction." Nature 336, no. 6196 (November 1988): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336205a0.

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Kavanagh, Michael J. "Affirmative Action or Reaction?" Group & Organization Management 20, no. 4 (December 1995): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601195204001.

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YOUNG, JUDY. "Action stat: Transfusion reaction." Nursing 30, no. 12 (December 2000): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200030120-00013.

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Allen, Robert C. "Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence." Journal of Immunology Research 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794072.

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Neutrophil leukocytes protect against a varied and complex array of microbes by providing microbicidal action that is simple, potent, and focused. Neutrophils provide such action via redox reactions that change the frontier orbitals of oxygen (O2) facilitating combustion. The spin conservation rules define the symmetry barrier that prevents direct reaction of diradical O2with nonradical molecules, explaining why combustion is not spontaneous. In burning, the spin barrier is overcome when energy causes homolytic bond cleavage producing radicals capable of reacting with diradical O2to yield oxygenated radical products that further participate in reactive propagation. Neutrophil mediated combustion is by a different pathway. Changing the spin quantum state of O2removes the symmetry restriction to reaction. Electronically excited singlet molecular oxygen (O2*1) is a potent electrophilic reactant with a finite lifetime that restricts its radius of reactivity and focuses combustive action on the target microbe. The resulting exergonic dioxygenation reactions produce electronically excited carbonyls that relax by light emission, that is, chemiluminescence. This overview of neutrophil combustive microbicidal action takes the perspectives of spin conservation and bosonic-fermionic frontier orbital considerations. The necessary principles of particle physics and quantum mechanics are developed and integrated into a fundamental explanation of neutrophil microbicidal metabolism.

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Pesquita, Ana, Ulysses Bernardet, Bethany E. Richards, Ole Jensen, and Kimron Shapiro. "Isolating Action Prediction from Action Integration in the Perception of Social Interactions." Brain Sciences 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040432.

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Previous research suggests that predictive mechanisms are essential in perceiving social interactions. However, these studies did not isolate action prediction (a priori expectations about how partners in an interaction react to one another) from action integration (a posteriori processing of both partner’s actions). This study investigated action prediction during social interactions while controlling for integration confounds. Twenty participants viewed 3D animations depicting an action–reaction interaction between two actors. At the start of each action–reaction interaction, one actor performs a social action. Immediately after, instead of presenting the other actor’s reaction, a black screen covers the animation for a short time (occlusion duration) until a still frame depicting a precise moment of the reaction is shown (reaction frame). The moment shown in the reaction frame is either temporally aligned with the occlusion duration or deviates by 150 ms or 300 ms. Fifty percent of the action–reaction trials were semantically congruent, and the remaining were incongruent, e.g., one actor offers to shake hands, and the other reciprocally shakes their hand (congruent action–reaction) versus one actor offers to shake hands, and the other leans down (incongruent action–reaction). Participants made fast congruency judgments. We hypothesized that judging the congruency of action–reaction sequences is aided by temporal predictions. The findings supported this hypothesis; linear speed-accuracy scores showed that congruency judgments were facilitated by a temporally aligned occlusion duration, and reaction frames compared to 300 ms deviations, thus suggesting that observers internally simulate the temporal unfolding of an observed social interction. Furthermore, we explored the link between participants with higher autistic traits and their sensitivity to temporal deviations. Overall, the study offers new evidence of prediction mechanisms underpinning the perception of social interactions in isolation from action integration confounds.

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Pekař, Miloslav. "Affinity and Reaction Rates: Reconsideration of Theoretical Background and Modelling Results." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 64, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2009): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2009-5-602.

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Abstract The phenomenological affinity approach to chemical kinetics based on mass-action rate expression is revised. It is shown that the reaction rate is not an unambiguous function of affinity and that in ideal mixtures with only elementary reactions thermodynamic coupling, i. e. a positive reaction rate and negative affinity of some reaction step at the same time, is not possible. Neither does thermodynamic coupling occur in a non-ideal system of elementary reactions where the mass-action rate equation is written with activities in place of concentrations. The non-ideality and/or non-equality of reaction orders to stoichiometric coefficients lead to more complex affinity-rate relationships than commonly given which puts no explicit restrictions on affinity and rate signs. Theoretical considerations are completed with results of numerical modelling made on several simple mechanisms. Various combinations of affinity and rate signs and complex affinity-rate profiles were obtained. Modelling results support the idea that affinity is much more a result of the time evolution of a reacting system and corresponding time profiles of concentrations than the actual cause of reaction rates.

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Payne, Keith B. "Action‐reaction metaphysics and negligence." Washington Quarterly 24, no. 4 (December 2001): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016366001317149228.

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Brand, Howard. "Action-reaction at a distance." Physics Teacher 40, no. 3 (March 2002): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1466543.

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GENDLER, TAMAR SZABÓ. "Alief in Action (and Reaction)." Mind & Language 23, no. 5 (November 2008): 552–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2008.00352.x.

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STOLP, A. "Call for reaction ... and action." Trends in Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (January 1989): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(89)90080-2.

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Butoli, A. "Action and reaction in electrodynamics." European Journal of Physics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/10/1/012.

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Moore, Will H. "Action-Reaction or Rational Expectations?" Journal of Conflict Resolution 39, no. 1 (March 1995): 129–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002795039001006.

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Johnson, Robert J., Stevan E. Hobfoll, Brian J. Hall, Daphna Canetti-Nisim, Sandro Galea, and Patrick A. Palmieri. "Posttraumatic Growth: Action and Reaction." Applied Psychology 56, no. 3 (July 2007): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00296.x.

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Tamir, Abraham, and Guy Tamir. "Newton's 3rd Law: Action = Reaction." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 82, no. 1 (May 19, 2008): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450820128.

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Jiang, Richard, Prashant Singh, Fredrik Wrede, Andreas Hellander, and Linda Petzold. "Identification of dynamic mass-action biochemical reaction networks using sparse Bayesian methods." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): e1009830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009830.

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Identifying the reactions that govern a dynamical biological system is a crucial but challenging task in systems biology. In this work, we present a data-driven method to infer the underlying biochemical reaction system governing a set of observed species concentrations over time. We formulate the problem as a regression over a large, but limited, mass-action constrained reaction space and utilize sparse Bayesian inference via the regularized horseshoe prior to produce robust, interpretable biochemical reaction networks, along with uncertainty estimates of parameters. The resulting systems of chemical reactions and posteriors inform the biologist of potentially several reaction systems that can be further investigated. We demonstrate the method on two examples of recovering the dynamics of an unknown reaction system, to illustrate the benefits of improved accuracy and information obtained.

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Teixeira, Marcus Zulian. ""˜Paradoxical pharmacology": therapeutic strategy used by the "˜homeopathic pharmacology" for more than two centuries." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 13, no. 49 (October 24, 2021): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v13i49.714.

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Using the empirical or phenomenological research method by observing the effects of drugs in the human physiology, Samuel Hahnemann proposed the homeopathic treatment. He synthesized modern pharmacodynamic in the â€˜primary actionâ€™ of the drugs and in the consequent and opposite â€˜secondary actionâ€™ or â€˜vital reactionâ€™ of the organism. Noting that drugs with â€˜contraryâ€™ primary action to the symptoms of the diseases caused worsening of the symptoms after its withdrawal, as a result of secondary action of the organism, Hahnemann proposed using this vital reaction in a curative way, administering to sick individuals the drugs that caused â€˜similarâ€™ symptoms in healthy individuals (therapeutic use of the similitude principle). According to the clinical and experimental pharmacology, this secondary action (vital reaction) of the organism is observed in the â€˜rebound effectâ€™ or â€˜paradoxical reactionâ€™ of several classes of drugs, which is the scientific basis of the â€˜homeopathic pharmacologyâ€™. In the last decade, exponents of modern pharmacology have suggested the therapeutic use of the paradoxical reaction (â€˜paradoxical pharmacologyâ€™), proposing the use of drugs that cause an exacerbation of the disease in the short term to treat these same diseases in the long-term. In this review, we compare the various aspects between the â€˜homeopathic pharmacologyâ€™ and the â€˜paradoxical pharmacologyâ€™, reinforcing the validity of homeopathic assumptions and expanding the knowledge to optimize both proposals.

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Hauthal, Eva, and Dirk Burghardt. "Action, Emotion, Opinion – A Taxonomy of Human Reactions Expressed in Location-Based Social Media." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-108-2019.

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Abstract. A particular form of volunteered geographic information are data from location-based social media (LBSM), which are social network platforms that include location information into shared contents. Being increasingly used as a data source for geospatial research, LBSM data are applicable also outside science since they open up numerous opportunities. Social media networks are extensively used for expressing reactions towards a topic or an event (publicly or within a particular group of people) by exchanging thoughts, opinions, ideas, feelings etc. Key to any framework aiming for analysing these reactions is a definition of dimensions through which reactions can be characterised including ways of describing (What, Who, Where, When) and explaining (How) (Dunkel et al., 2019).The dimensions What, Who, Where and When are invariably explored in many research projects dealing with LBSM, although not necessarily all four dimension are considered in combination in each case. Though, the dimension How has been also addressed so far but with a rather specific focus, like on emotions or sentiment (e.g. Hauthal & Burghardt, 2016). Nevertheless, a systematic breakdown what a reaction can be is lacking, i.e. in which ways people can react to events. The presented work aims at that by demerging the term ‘reaction’ and subsequently proposing a taxonomy.The term ‘reaction’ occurs manifoldly and can describe behaviour or an unpleasant effect, but is also used in chemistry or physics. Within the scope of this work, reactions as a form of human behaviour are of interest. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a human reaction as “any response to an event; something done, felt, or thought in response to a situation, statement, etc.”1. Numerous other definitions hold this tripartition, which serves as the basis for the presented taxonomy. The tripartition is depicted in Figure 1.An emotional reaction towards an event can be related to a past or a future event. In case of a past event, the emotions are referred to its consequences, which are either affecting the reacting person or others, and depend on whether these consequences are (un)desirable for others or whether expectations related to the consequences for self are relevant and, if so, got (dis)confirmed (Ortony, Clore & Collins, 1988). Emotions concerning a future event can evolve diversely based on the agency of the reacting person (Wahner, 2009).A reaction can also occur in the form of an opinion, an appraising thought or an attitude. Opinions can be characterised regarding their content (pro, contra, neutral), holder (personal or collective opinion) and reference (public, scientific, legal, judicial, editorial opinion). Often, in LBSM, particular hashtags become established representing an opinion towards a matter and being used by people with the respective attitude (e.g. the hashtag #voteremain as a contra expression towards Brexit, prior the referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union in June 2016).A reaction towards an event in terms of an action, i.e. doing something, can occur within LBSM or beyond. Actions within social media networks need to be regarded from a technical point of view and can be creating own, original content (e.g. tweeting, posting), reacting to content (e.g. liking, favourite), interacting/associating with content (e.g. replying, commenting, mentioning, following) or spreading content (e.g. retweeting, sharing) (Davis, 2016). These kinds of actions are contained in the metadata of LBSM posts. Moving beyond LBSM content as a reaction to an event can happen in the web (e.g. reading a blog post, signing up for a newsletter, downloading an ebook) or outside (e.g. going to a demonstration, stop smoking). Actions beyond LBSM may in turn be pre-announced or reported in LBSM.By utilising an application case, the described three kinds of reactions will be studied and visualised cartographically. Possible extraction methods can include emotions recognition for emotional reactions, sentiment analysis or opinion mining for attitudinal reactions, activity modelling for action-related reactions. All these approaches could involve natural language processing, but could also consider emojis appearing in LBSM posts, for example emojis of faces depicting countenances or gestures as an expression of emotions, or emojis of common hand gestures, particularly of thumb signals as an indicator of opinions. Besides serving as input data, emojis will also be deployed as an output for metaphoric map symbols.

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Pan, Dipika, and Jhuma Ganguly. "Assessment of Chitosan Based Catalyst and their Mode of Action." Current Organocatalysis 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 106–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213337206666190327174103.

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Introduction:The popularity of chitosan is increasing among the researchers due to its environment friendly nature, high activity and easy approachability. Chitosan based catalysts are not only the most active and selective in catalytic reaction, but their “green” accessibility also makes them promising in organic catalysis. Chitosan is commonly extracted from chitin by alkaline deacetylation and it is the second abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose. Chitosan based catalysts are advantageous by means of non-metallic activation as it involves small organic molecules. The robustness, nontoxicity, the lack of metal leaching possibility, inertness towards moisture and oxygen, easy handling and storage are the main advantages of organocatalysts. Traditional drawbacks associated with the metal-based heterogeneous catalysts, like longer reaction times during any synthesis, metal-leaching after every reaction and structural instability of the catalyst for prolonged recycling experiments are also very negligible for chitosan based catalysts. Besides, these catalysts can contribute more in catalysis due to their reusability and these special features increase their demand as the functionalized and profitable catalysts.Objective:The thorough description about the preparation of organocatalysts from chitosan and their uniqueness and novel activities in various famous reactions includes as the main aim of this review. Reusable and recycle nature of chitosan based organocatalysts gain the advantages over traditional and conventional catalyst which is further discussed over here.Methods and Discussions:In this article only those reactions are discussed where chitosan has been used both as support in heterogeneous catalysts or used as a catalyst itself without any co-catalyst for some reactions. Owing to its high biodegradability, nontoxicity, and antimicrobial properties, chitosan is widely-used as a green and sustainable polymeric catalyst in vast number of the reactions. Most of the preparations of catalyst have been achieved by exploring the complexation properties of chitosan with metal ions in heterogeneous molecular catalysis. Organocatalysis with chitosan is primarily discussed for carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, carbon dioxide fixation through cyclo- addition reaction, condensation reaction and fine chemical synthesis reactions. Furthermore, its application as an enantioselective catalyst is also considered here for the chiral, helical organization of the chitosan skeleton. Moreover, another advantage of this polymeric catalyst is its easy recovery and reusability for several times under solvent-free conditions which is also explored in the current article.Conclusion:Important organocatalyzed reactions with either native chitosan or functionalized chitosan as catalysts have attracted great attention in the recent past. Also, chitosan has been widely used as a very promising support for the immobilization of catalytic metals for many reactions. In this review, various reactions have been discussed which show the potentiality of chitosan as catalyst or catalyst support.

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Karam, Sabah E. "Action-reaction in mass-charge quaternions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1251 (June 2019): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1251/1/012023.

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Fiscus, Ronald J. "A Negative Reaction to Affirmative Action." Harvard Law Review 105, no. 7 (May 1992): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341753.

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GRIFFITHS, A. J., and C. CRESSWELL. "The Teaching Company Concept: action—reaction." European Journal of Engineering Education 10, no. 3-4 (September 1985): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043798508939253.

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Mattson, Mark P. "A reaction to mitochondria in action." Cell Research 21, no. 9 (May 24, 2011): 1279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2011.87.

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SCHIFFMANN, YORAM. "Hormone action as an explosive reaction." Biochemical Society Transactions 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0160562.

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Campbell, F. W., J. M. Artigas, and A. Felipe. "Visual reaction-time versus action-time." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1988.tb01083.x.

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Dumitrescu, Domnita. "A particular kind of ‘action-reaction’." Language and Dialogue 6, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.6.2.01dum.

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In this article, I discuss a particular (and little studied) action-reaction exchange in Spanish and Romanian, consisting of a dyadic exchange where an exploratory speech act (i.e., a question) is followed by a sequence-dependent reactive speech act, which repeats parts or all of the trigger’s structure in an interrogative form. Rather than being a canonical echo question, the reactive speech act under discussion represents what I call an Interrogative Echo Response (IER), by virtue of the fact that it provides an answer of opposite polarity to that of the initiative move put forward by the questioner (or Interrogative Echo Reply, when the response may or must be explicitly provided after the sequence-dependent interrogative utterance). In both languages, these IERs (and IERps) have a distinct syntactic structure, and the discourse function they fulfill is that of rhetorically challenging the validity of the initial move and providing (or implying) a response of opposite polarity with regard to the triggering question.

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Yoneda, G. "Action and reaction in special relativity." European Journal of Physics 15, no. 3 (May 1, 1994): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/15/3/007.

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Schielen, Zoe, Julia Verhaegh, Chris Dijkerman, and Marnix Naber. "Reaction time coupling in a joint stimulus-response task: A matter of functional actions or likable agents?" PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): e0271164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271164.

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Shaping one owns actions by observing others’ actions is driven by the deep-rooted mechanism of perception-action coupling. It typically occurs automatically, expressed as for example the unintentional synchronization of reaction times in interactive games. Theories on perception-action coupling highlight its benefits such as the joint coordination of actions to cooperatively perform tasks properly, the learning of novel actions from others, and the bonding with likable others. However, such functional aspects and how they shape perception-action coupling have never been compared quantitatively. Here we tested a total of hundred-fifteen participants that played a stimulus-response task while, in parallel, they observed videos of agents that played the exact same task several milliseconds in advance. We compared to what degree the reaction times of actions of agents, who varied their behavior in terms of functionality and likability in preceding prisoner dilemma games and quizzes, shape the reaction times of human test participants. To manipulate functionality and likability, we varied the predictability of cooperative behavior and correctness of actions of agents, respectively, resulting in likable (cooperative), dislikable (uncooperative), functional (correct actions), and dysfunctional (incorrect actions) agents. The results of three experiments showed that the participants’ reaction times correlated most with the reaction times of agents that expressed functional behavior. However, the likability of agents had no effects on reaction time correlations. These findings suggest that, at least in the current computer task, participants are more likely to adopt the timing of actions from people that perform correct actions than from people that they like.

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Fa Yang, Shang. "Biosynthesis and Action of Ethylene." HortScience 20, no. 1 (February 1985): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.1.41.

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Abstract Ethylene is a plant hormone which regulates many aspects of growth, development, and senescence (1). Depending upon where and when ethylene occurs, it may be beneficial or harmful to harvested horticultural crops. Efficient postharvest technology therefore requires the ability to control ethylene effects to suit our practical needs. Before ethylene can exert such responses, it has to be biosynthesized by the plants or supplies from external sources. As in the case of other hormones, ethylene is thought to bind to a receptor, forming an activated complex which in turn triggers the primary reaction. The primary reaction then initiates the chain of reactions, including modification of gene expression, and leading to a wide variety of physiological responses (Fig. 1). Thus, there are 4 levels of manipulation we can use to regulate ethylene responses: (a) control the level of ethylene in the tissue by addition or removal of ethylene, (b) regulate the level of ethylene in the tissue by stimulating or inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis, (c) modify the binding characteristics of ethylene to the receptor, or modify the amount of the receptor, and (d) manipulate the ethylene-dependent gene expression.

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Pekař, Miloslav. "Thermodynamics and foundations of mass-action kinetics." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 30, no. 1-2 (June 2005): 3–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/007967405777874868.

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A critical overview is given of phenomenological thermodynamic approaches to reaction rate equations of the type based on the law of mass-action. The review covers treatments based on classical equilibrium and irreversible (linear) thermodynamics, extended irreversible, rational and continuum thermodynamics. Special attention is devoted to affinity, the applications of activities in chemical kinetics and the importance of chemical potential. The review shows that chemical kinetics survives as the touchstone of these various thermody-namic theories. The traditional mass-action law is neither demonstrated nor proved and very often is only introduced post hoc into the framework of a particular thermodynamic theory, except for the case of rational thermodynamics. Most published “thermodynamic'’ kinetic equations are too complicated to find application in practical kinetics and have merely theoretical value. Solely rational thermodynamics can provide, in the specific case of a fluid reacting mixture, tractable rate equations which directly propose a possible reaction mechanism consistent with mass conservation and thermodynamics. It further shows that affinity alone cannot determine the reaction rate and should be supplemented by a quantity provisionally called constitutive affinity. Future research should focus on reaction rates in non-isotropic or non-homogeneous mixtures, the applicability of traditional (equilibrium) expressions relating chemical potential to activity in non-equilibrium states, and on using activities and activity coefficients determined under equilibrium in non-equilibrium states.

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Brahmbhatt, Harsh K., Nidhi Patel, Tejas K. Patel, and Tantul Sarkar. "Premedication of Ranitidine and the Action of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Paclitaxel." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 04 (December 25, 2023): 1646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.4.79.

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Paclitaxel is used asa chemotherapeutic agent for curing various types of cancer. To reduce the hypersensitivity of the chemotherapeutic effect, premedication of antihistaminic drugs like ranitidine, cetirizine, diphenhydramine, fexofenadine and desloratadine are prescribed. The antihistaminic drugs are given as premedication to prevent the formation of hives on the body. Ranitidine can be replaced by another antihistaminic drug which reduces the side effects and increases the efficacy of the drug. Studies were conducted comparing the antihistamine and non-antihistamine groups and tests like the chi-square test, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test to determine the extent of hypersensitivity. There are immediate and non-immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions occurring in cells that initiate the allergic reaction. These allergic reactions like flushing, itching, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, swelling, etc lead to affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and other body parts. In this article, the method used for the study of hypersensitivity reaction is specified with the test to determine the allergic reaction on the skin and desensitization of the rapid hypersensitivity of the drug.

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Hájková, Hana, and Zdeněk Pavlíček. "Generation of electronically excited states by means of methemoglobin and methemoglobin-haptoglobin complex." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 4 (1990): 1119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901119.

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It has been found that both human methemoglobin and its complex with human haptoglobin in their enzymatic action can generate products in electronically excited states. The time dependence has been measured of the chemiluminescence generated by both the haem proteins in their peroxidase as well as oxidase actions. The methemoglobin-haptoglobin complex exhibited, in its peroxidase action, a higher chemiluminescence as compared with methemoglobin alone. The chemiluminescence observed in the oxidase reaction was the same with both the haem proteins. The Stern-Volmer plots for quenching of chemiluminescence with indole and acrylamide have been constructed for both enzymatic reactions.

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Castellote, J. M., M. E. L. Van den Berg, and J. Valls-Solé. "The StartReact Effect on Self-Initiated Movements." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/471792.

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Preparation of the motor system for movement execution involves an increase in excitability of motor pathways. In a reaction time task paradigm, a startling auditory stimulus (SAS) delivered together with the imperative signal (IS) shortens reaction time significantly. In self-generated tasks we considered that an appropriately timed SAS would have similar effects. Eight subjects performed a ballistic wrist extension in two blocks: reaction, in which they responded to a visual IS, and action, in which they moved when they wished within a predetermined time window. In 20–25% of the trials, a SAS was applied. We recorded electromyographic activity of wrist extension and wrist movement kinematic variables. No effects of SAS were observed in action trials when movement was performed before or long after SAS application. However, a cluster of action trials was observed within 200 ms after SAS. These trials showed larger EMG bursts, shorter movement time, shorter time to peak velocity, and higher peak velocity than other action trials (P<0.001for all), with no difference from Reaction trials containing SAS. The results show that SAS influences the execution of self-generated human actions as it does with preprogrammed reaction time tasks during the assumed building up of preparatory activity before execution of the willed motor action.

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Ayub, Khurshid, and Ralf Ludwig. "Gas hydrates model for the mechanistic investigation of the Wittig reaction “on water”." RSC Adv. 6, no. 28 (2016): 23448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25747f.

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Water in action! A gas hydrate model consisting of 20 water molecules nicely illustrates acceleration of cis-Wittig reaction over trans-Wittig reaction "on water". "Bucky" water is a perfect model for describing chemical reactions "on water".

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Symington, Banu E. "Prescription Narcotics: Action, Reaction, and Unintended Consequences." American Journal of Medicine 134, no. 8 (August 2021): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.03.042.

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Srinivasan, Nirmala. "Care giver′s reaction after covert action." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 3 (2012): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.102432.

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Domokos, Bernadett, and Zoltán Baracskai. "Action and Reaction: Mapping of Behavioral Patterns." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2022.18-1.3.

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Rafi, Imran, Ralph Sullivan, and Nigel Mathers. "The Accessible Information Standard: action and reaction." British Journal of General Practice 66, no. 643 (January 28, 2016): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16x683545.

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Olson, Laura R. "From the Editor: Religion, Action, and Reaction." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 52, no. 4 (December 2013): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12077.

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Klein, Carole B. "Action‐reaction: What hangs in the balance?" Children's Health Care 15, no. 4 (December 1987): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02739618709514778.

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Carpenter, C. J. "Action-reaction forces between current-carrying conductors." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 153, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20045008.

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Habal, Mutaz B. "Too Much Reaction and Very Little Action." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 24, no. 3 (May 2013): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e318292c6a8.

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Langer, Seppo W. "A Recall Reaction and Call for Action." Onkologie 33, no. 3 (2010): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000278722.

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Tarkka, Ina M., and Pekka Hautasaari. "Motor Action Execution in Reaction-Time Movements." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 98, no. 9 (September 2019): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0000000000001187.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Action reaction'

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