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Agnew, Zarinah Karim. "Action execution, action perception and 'mirror' neurones." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11312.
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Da, Silva Fabrice. "L’effet d’affordance comme processus émergeant et constitutif de l’activité perceptive." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30028/document.
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L’activité perceptive du sujet semble être impactée par les actions qu’il peut effectivement réaliser à l’égard de son environnement. Néanmoins, il semble que les possibilités d’action du sujet soient le plus souvent envisagées comme des propriétés objectives de l’environnement si bien qu’elles sont généralement décrites comme étant préparatoires à l’action. Ce travail de thèse s’est consacré à défendre l’idée que d’une part, ces possibilités d’action sont des propriétés émergentes de la relation sujet-environnement et que d’autre part, elles sont susceptibles d’avoir un rôle fonctionnel constitutif pour l’activité perceptive. Dans une première série d’études, nous avons observé que des modulations dans les possibilités d’action conduisaient à un renversement des effets de facilitation lorsque des sujets devaient catégoriser des objets préhensibles. Dans une seconde série d’étude, nous avons observé que la capacité à détecter un objet parmi un ensemble d’autres était impactée par les potentiels d’action suggérés par les objets mais également, modulée par l’engagement moteur du sujet dans la tâche. Enfin, dans une troisième série d’études, nous avons mis en évidence que les possibilités d’action pourraient occuper un rôle fonctionnel significatif pour l’activité perceptive du sujet. Ce dernier travail met en effet en évidence que lors de situations perceptives ambiguës, la manière dont est catégorisé un objet semble dépendre de la capacité du sujet à pouvoir le saisir efficacement. L’ensemble de ces résultats semble indiquer que les possibilités d’action sont bien des propriétés du couplage sujet-environnement et occupent une place majeure dans l’activité perceptive. Plus généralement, ces travaux constituent des arguments en faveur d’une prise en compte de l’ensemble de la situation sujet-environnement ainsi que de l’importance de la signification des actions du sujet en fonction des contraintes qui s’exercent sur lui ici et maintenantPerceptual activity seems to be impacted by the actions the subject can actually carry out with regard to its environment. Nevertheless, it seems that subject action possibilities are most often considered as objective properties of the environment so that they are generally described as being preparatory to action. This thesis work has been devoted to defending the idea that on the one hand, these possibilities of action are emergent properties of the subject-environment relationship and on the other hand, they are likely to have a constitutive functional role for perceptual activity. In a first series of studies we observed that modulations in the possibilities of action lead to a reversal of the facilitation effects when subjects were to categorize prehensile objects. In a second series of studies we observed that the ability to detect an object among a set of others was impacted by the action potentials suggested by the objects but also modulated by the subject's driving engagement in the task. Finally, in a third series of studies, we have shown that the possibilities of action could play a significant functional role for subject perceptual activity. Indeed, this last work shows that in ambiguous perceptual situations, the way in which an object is categorized seems to depend on the ability of the subject to grasp it effectively. All these results seem to indicate that the action possibilities are properties of the subject-environment coupling and occupy a major place in the perceptual activity. More generally, these works constitute some arguments in favor of taking into account the whole subject-environment situation as well as the importance of the meaning of the subject actions according to the constraints that are exerted on him, here and now
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Meldgaard, Betty Li. "Perception, action, and game space." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2462/.
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This paper examines the use of the ecological approach to visual perception in relation to action in game spaces. By applying the ecological approach it is believed that we can gain new insights into the mechanisms of perceiving possibilities for action.
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Booth, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Experience, action and affordance perception." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2451/.
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The aim for this thesis is to motivate, critically evaluate and defend the claim that subjects are able to consciously perceive the affordances of objects. I will present my protagonist, the ‘Conscious Affordance Theorist’, with what are two main obstacles to this claim. The first of these is that affordance perception correctly understood refers only to a kind of subpersonal visual processing, and not to a kind of conscious visual experience. I claim that this results in an explanatory gap at the level of intentional action, which in order to correct we need to redefine the notion of affordance perception to include conscious as well as subpersonal affordance perception. Precisely, I claim that ‘affordance awareness’ has a crucial epistemological role to play, and that subjects must be able to consciously experience affordances in order to gain this awareness. In answer to this claim, I supplement the objection that affordance perception is defined as subpersonal perception to include the claim that any awareness subjects have of the affordances of objects they visually experience is due to them having thoughts about those affordances, and not visual experience of them. I then consider the Conscious Affordance Theorist’s response to this supplemented account. The second obstacle is the claim that conscious visual affordance perception is an impossible notion given that affordances are dispositional properties, and the dispositional properties of objects cannot be ‘seen’. In facing this objection I look to the supporting claims and motivations that lie behind it, in order to find a way for the Conscious Affordance Theorist to challenge its central claim that affordances cannot be seen. I end this thesis with an account of the Conscious Affordance Theorist’s own positive position, and a consideration of how his account has the ability to provide for conscious affordance perception in the case of non-human animals.
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Veto, Peter, Marvin Uhlig, Nikolaus F. Troje, and Wolfgang Einhäuser. "Cognition modulates action-to-perception transfer in ambiguous perception." Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31533.
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Can cognition penetrate action-to-perception transfer? Participants observed a structure-from-motion cylinder of ambiguous rotation direction. Beforehand, they experienced one of two mechanical models: An unambiguous cylinder was connected to a rod by either a belt (cylinder and rod rotating in the same direction) or by gears (both rotating in opposite directions). During ambiguous cylinder presentation, mechanics and rod were invisible, making both conditions visually identical. Observers inferred the rod's direction from their moment-by-moment subjective perceptual interpretation of the ambiguous cylinder. They reported the (hidden) rod's direction by rotating a manipulandum in either the same or the opposite direction. With respect to their effect on perceptual stability, the resulting match/nonmatch between perceived cylinder rotation and manipulandum rotation showed a significant interaction with the cognitive model they had previously been biased with. For the “belt” model, congruency between cylinder perception and manual action is induced by same-direction report. Here, we found that same-direction movement stabilized the perceived motion direction, replicating a known congruency effect. For the “gear” model, congruency between perception and action is—in contrast—induced by opposite-direction report. Here, no effect of perception-action congruency was found: Perceptual congruency and cognitive model nullified each other. Hence, an observer's internal model of a machine's operation guides action-to-perception transfer.
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Roberts, Tom. "Action and experience." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25478.
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The project examines the relationship between perception and action, and is divided into two parts. The first establishes a detailed philosophical critique of recent sensorimotor or enactive approaches to perception, targeting in particular the work of Alva Noë. In the second part I defend what may be called an 'action-space' account, according to which conscious experience is constituted by an agent's representing his surroundings in such a way as to enable a certain suite of actions. The enactive approach, I argue, misconstrues the relationship between perception and action and fails in its aim to provide an explanation of consciousness. It faces difficulties, too, when it comes to illusion, hallucination and non-visual perception. The action-space model, by contrast, drawing upon work by Andy Clark, Daniel Dennett and Philip Pettit, has the resources to provide a reductive, functionalist account of phenomenal consciousness; an account that locates consciousness where we want it - in the service of fluid world-engagement by embodied, active perceivers. Thus the perception/action interface is taken to be less direct than on the sensorimotor interpretation, but is nonetheless deep and important. The approach I endorse, furthermore, is consistent with and informed by empirical results from the cognitive sciences, including work on embodied, situated cognition and dual-streams analyses of visual processing.
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Desanghere, Loni. "Gaze strategies in perception and action." Experimental Brain Research, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17898.
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When you want to pick up an object, it is usually a simple matter to reach out to its location, and accurately pick it up. Almost every action in such a sequence is guided and checked by vision, with eye movements usually preceding motor actions (Hayhoe & Ballard, 2005; Hayhoe, Shrivastava, Mruczek, & Pelz, 2003). However, most research in this area has been concerned about the sequence of movements in complex “everyday” tasks like making tea or tool use. Less emphasis has been placed on the object itself and where on it the eye and hand movements land, and how gaze behaviour is different when generating a perceptual response to that same object. For those studies that have, very basic geometric shapes have been used such as rectangles, crosses and triangles. In everyday life, however, there are a range of problems that must be computed that go beyond such simple objects. Objects typically have complex contours, different textures or surface properties, and variations in their centre of mass.
Accordingly, the primary goals in conducting this research were three fold: (1) To provide a deeper understanding of the function of gaze in perception and action when interacting with simple and complex objects (Experiments 1a, 1b, 1c); (2) To examine how gaze and grasp behaviours are influenced when you dissociate important features of an object such as the COM and the horizontal centre of the block (Experiments 2a, 2c); and (3) To explore whether perceptual biases will influence grasp and gaze behaviours (Experiment 2b).
The results from the current series of studies showed the influence of action (i.e., the potential to act) on perception in terms of where we look on an object, and vice versa, the influence of perceptual biases on action output (i.e. grasp locations). In addition, grasp locations were found to be less sensitive to COM changes than previously suggested (for example see Kleinholdermann, Brenner, Franz, & Smeets, 2007), whereas fixation locations were drawn towards the ‘visual’ COM of objects, as shown in other perceptual studies (for example see He & Kowler, 1991; Kowler & Blaser, 1995; McGowan, Kowler, Sharma, & Chubb, 1998; Melcher & Kowler, 1999; Vishwanath & Kowler, 2003, 2004; Vishwanath, Kowler, & Feldman, 2000), even when a motor response was required. The implications of these results in terms of vision for Perception and vision for Action are discussed.
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Josa, Roman. "Perception des distances : effets des contraintes environnementales et des variations de la fluence métacognitive." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30085/document.
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La perception visuelle de l’espace est largement déterminée par les capacités visuelles des individus. Cependant, la recherche sur l’influence de variables dites non visuelles semble indiquer une importance déterminante des dimensions corporelle et émotionnelle sur la perception visuelle. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la perception des distances et avons tenté de comprendre en quoi nos perceptions pouvaient refléter la nature de nos interactions sensorimotrices avec notre environnement. Dans une première étude nous avons montré que des contraintes d’actions, tel que le coût énergétique, générées par les dispositions de l’environnement, pouvaient avoir une influence sur la perception de distances allocentriques. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons tenté de mettre en évidence le rôle du processus d’intégration sensorimotrice dans des tâches d’évaluation de distances, ainsi que de comprendre l’influence des modalités non visuelles, telles que l’audition et la motricité, dans ce même type de tâche. Enfin, dans une troisième étude, nous nous sommes intéressés au concept de fluence – i.e., information métacognitive renseignant le système sur la qualité de ses interactions dans son environnement – et proposons l’idée selon laquelle ce signal contenu dans le flux perceptif permettrait d’expliquer différentes variations perceptives liées aux contraintes de nos actions. Finalement, cette thèse défend une approche unifiée de la perception, selon laquelle la limite entre les concepts d’action et de perception devrait être repensée afin de rendre compte de la nature sensorimotrice de nos connaissancesVisual perception of space is mainly known as depending upon one’s vision capacity. However, research about the influence of non-visual variables seems to indicate that the body also plays an important role in visual perception. In this Ph.D. thesis, we support the idea that distance perception has to be studied as a function of the sensorimotor interactions between the individuals and their environment. In the first study, we showed that action constraints in the environment such as energetic cost could influence allocentric distance perception. In the second study, we focused on the role of the sensorimotor integration process in distance perception tasks, as well as the influence of non-visual variables such as audition and motor activity. In the third study, we investigated the phenomenology of perception, and more precisely in the relative fluency of motor activity. In other words, we focused here on the metacognitive feedback that emerges from the quality of the interactions with the environment. We highlighted that such a metacognitive signal could explain the influence of action constraints on distance perception. Finally, this work provides strong supports to the idea of an integrative approach of perception according to which the theoretical boundary between perception and action is questioned by the sensorimotor nature of our knowledge
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Guernut, Rémi. "Etude du lien perception-action en robotique mobile." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP919S.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le projet romosapiens de robotique mobile du laboratoire heudiasyc de l'universite de technologie de compiegne. Cette these s'interesse plus particulierement au controle d'execution de missions peu repetitives ou teleoperees dont la specification doit etre faite dans un langage de haut niveau. Les actions entreprises par le robot correspondent a la realisation de liaisons virtuelles (suivre, contourner, longer) a des amers (mur, porte, poteau) nous avons ainsi defini la commande referencee amer caracterisee par une gestion simultanee de la perception et de la commande. Une etude des problemes souleves par la perception de son environnement par un vehicule autonome a ete realisee pour les telemetres a ultrasons et la vision (mono et stereo). Le couplage de cette perception avec les differentes techniques de commandes proposees permet l'enchainement de missions elementaires et introduit de facon naturelle le concept de perception active. Plusieurs experimentations ont ete menees a bien tant en simulation que sur la plate-forme mobile du laboratoire (asservissement visuel, suivi de mur, franchissement de porte) validant ainsi l'approche proposee et son integration dans l'architecture existante
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Glendinning, Simon Benjamin. "Scepticism and subjectivity : action, perception and language." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319034.
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Rice, Nichola J. "Perception, action and the cortical visual streams." Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2884/.
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Over a decade ago Milner and Goodale suggested that perception and action are subserved by two distinct cortical visual streams. The ventral stream projecting from striate cortex to inferotemporal cortex is involved in the perceptual identification of objects. The dorsal stream projecting from striate cortex to posterior parietal cortex is involved in visually guided actions. A series of experiments have been carried out and are presented within this thesis to investigate how various aspects of visuomotor behaviour fit into such a model. A range of techniques were employed, including: (1) behavioural studies with patients with optic ataxia (dorsal stream damage) and visual form agnosia (ventral stream damage); (2) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in healthy subjects; (3) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects. The following conclusions were made: (1) obstacle avoidance behaviour is impaired in patients with optic ataxia due to damage to the dorsal stream; (2) obstacle avoidance is intact in patients with visual form agnosia as damage is restricted to the ventral stream; (3) obstacle avoidance is mediated by the dorsal stream when an immediate response is required, whereas under delayed conditions the ventral stream comes into play; (4) visual form agnosic patients can use looming information to catch moving objects and they are capable of responding to online perturbations due to an intact dorsal stream; (5) V5 / MT+ is involved in motion processing for perception and action and does not belong exclusively to the dorsal or ventral stream; (6) the dorsal stream is only sensitive to orientation changes if the stimuli are graspable. While some modifications of the original distinction are necessary, the experiments presented within this thesis suggest that this model has, for the most part, withstood the test of time and provides a useful framework for understanding various aspects of perception and action.
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Kirtley, Clare. "Perception and action weighting in memory representations." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/78115b01-817a-4f3f-ae33-efd4c34775ff.
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The research reported in the present explored the interaction between perception and action, focusing on how this might occur under memory conditions. This was done in line with the proposals of grounded cognition and situated action, in which action and perception are tightly linked, and able to influence one another in order to aid the performance of a task. Following this idea of a bi-directional loop between the two processes, studies were conducted which focused on each side of this relationship, in conditions where memory would be necessary. The first experiments investigated how the perception of objects and the memory of those perceived objects could influence the production of actions. Later studies examined how the preparation and performance of actions could affect the perception of a scene, and subsequent recall of the objects presented. Throughout these studies, object properties (e.g., shape, colour, position) were used as a means to either manipulate or measure the effect of the tasks. The findings of the studies suggested that weighting an off-line memory representation by means of the task setting was possible, but that this was not an automatic occurrence. Based on the results obtained, it seemed that there were conditions which would affect whether memories could be tailored to the current demands of the tasks, and that these conditions were linked to the realism of the situation. Factors such as the task complexity, the potential for object interaction and the immersive environment were all suggested as possible contributors to the construction and use of weighted representations. Overall, the studies conducted suggest that memory can play a role in guiding action, as on-line perception does, so long as the situation makes it clear that this is necessary. If such weightings are useful, then the memory will be constructed accordingly. However, if the situation is such that there is no clear task, then the memory representations will remain unaffected and unprepared for one specific action, or not be used to aid action. Memory can be seen as serving action, but our memory systems are flexible, allowing us to cope with the demands and restrictions of particular situations.
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Davis, Tehran J. "Perceiving Affordances for Joint Action." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243351717.
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Ward, David. "Action-space theory of conscious vision." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5604.
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I argue that conscious visual experience consists in a direct and noninferential grasp of the way one’s current perceptual contact with the environment poises one to pursue various intentional plans, goals and projects. I show that such a view of visual consciousness is supported by current work in cognitive neuroscience, affords a compelling account of colour perception, and suggests a way to bridge the ‘explanatory gap’ between consciousness and the language of the natural sciences. In chapter 1, I examine the reasoning that leads to the appearance of an explanatory gap between the phenomenal and the physical in more detail, and set out the constraints on a solution that our discussion of the problem has imposed. I then sketch the two rival takes on the relationship between perception and action mentioned above – adjudicating between these two theories (and finding in favour of the action-space view) is the task of the next two chapters, and is a recurring theme throughout. Chapter 2 moves on to discuss some recent work in the neuropsychology of vision and what it might suggest about the functional role of conscious vision, and the first half of chapter 3 considers two puzzle cases concerning colour perception. Each of these discussions turns out to constitute a source of support for the actionspace view that visual perception consists in a grasp of the practical consequences of sensation, and the second half of chapter 3 sets out this view and responds to an initial range of questions and objections it might face. Chapter 4 illustrates our view via a discussion of colour perception, and chapter 5 discusses the type of grasp of practical consequences that is necessary for perceptual sensitivity to issue in conscious experience. By chapter 6, we are in a position to see how the action-space approach can help close the explanatory gap for phenomenal consciousness, and our final chapter sets out how I think this should be done. I conclude with a brief discussion of further questions and prospects for the action-space approach.
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Delgado, Huitrón Cynthia Citlallin. "Boundaries transgressed : action-reaction-repercussion ; /." Connect to online version, 2009. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2009/369.pdf.
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Olofson, Eric Lee. "Infants' processing of action for gist /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8294.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-125). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Keitel, Anne. "Action perception in development: The role of experience." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-140484.
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The perception of an action and its production are inextricably linked. This entails that, during development, the skills that children are able to perform influence their perception of others\\\' actions. The present dissertation aimed to investigate the role of children’s experience on the perception of actions in three distinctive areas: manual actions performed by one person (individual action), manual actions performed by two people (joint action), and a conversation between two people. In order to succeed in each of the three areas, children have to acquire new skills and do so successively during their first three years of life. The methodological approach of this work was to measure the gaze behaviour of children, aged 6 months to 3 years, and adults during the observation of visually presented actions, which provided information on whether they were able to anticipate action goals.
The findings obtained generally show an influence of experience on the anticipation of action goals in each of the three areas. First, a link between action and perception is not established as soon as an action emerges. There is at least some experience necessary for its development. Second, infants with no coordinated joint-action skills themselves anticipate the goals of joint action less well than those of individual action. Adults with considerable joint-action skills anticipate both equally well. And third, the course of a conversation can only be reliably anticipated by children aged 3 years and adults, whereas younger children shift their gaze between speakers randomly. Furthermore, only at the age of 3 years, did intonation support children’s anticipation of conversations.
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Davis, Tehran J. "The role of affordance perception in action-selection." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1330024294.
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Hovaidi-Ardestani, Mohammad [Verfasser]. "Action in Mind : Neural Models for Action and Intention Perception / Mohammad Hovaidi-Ardestani." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219903582/34.
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Kube, Claus Ronald. "Collective robotics, from local perception to global action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21586.pdf.
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Nam, Se-Ho. "Modulations of visual and somatosensory perception by action." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11966/.
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This thesis aimed to further investigate the effects of movements on modulations of visual and somatosensory perception. The first experiment (Chapter 2) investigated spatial mislocalisation of visual stimuli presented before saccade using a pointing paradigm and found that a predictive remapping of visual space occurred before saccade and the post-saccadic remapping employed spatially as well as temporally accurate memory of pre-saccadic visual stimuli. The second experiment (Chapter 3) examined relevance of saccadic chronostasis to remapping of visual space using a target displacement paradigm and found that it did not serve as a mechanism that fills in a perceptual gap during saccadic suppression. The third (Chapter 4) and fourth (Chapter 5) experiments adopted a target blanking paradigm and found that the pre-saccadic stimuli predictively remapped before saccade were anchored to the location of the pre-saccadic target remapped using a precise efference copy and neither saccade landing sites nor remembered locations of pre-saccadic targets were used in this process. Behavioural (Chapter 6) and fMRI (Chapter 7) studies were conducted to investigate modulations of tactile perception by manual movements and found that the tactile attention induced by the cued index finger facilitated processing of tactile stimuli presented to the responded hand. The somatosensory ROIs mainly showed a bias towards contralateral tactile stimulation in comparison with ipsilateral tactile stimulation. The right primary motor cortex (right M1), the left precuneus (left PreC) and the left middle frontal gyrus (left MFG) showed significant modulations of somatosensory processing by the Moving condition compared to the Non Moving condition. The final chapter included summaries and conclusions of each chapter and proposals for future investigations.
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Condon, Laura A. "Representation of body posture in action & perception." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546543.
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Symes, Edward Michael. "The coupling of perception and action in representation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1741.
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This thesis examines how the objects that we visually perceive in the world are coupled to the actions that we make towards them. For example, a whole hand grasp might be coupled with an object like an apple, but not with an object like a pea. It has been claimed that the coupling of what we see and what we do is not simply associative, but is fundamental to the way the brain represents visual objects. More than association, it is thought that when an object is seen (even if there is no intention to interact with it), there is a partial and automatic activation of the networks in the brain that plan actions (such as reaches and grasps). The central aim of this thesis was to investigate how specific these partial action plans might be, and how specific the properties of objects that automatically activate them might be. In acknowledging that perception and action are dynamically intertwining processes (such that in catching a butterfly the eye and the hand cooperate with a fluid and seamless efficiency), it was supposed that these couplings of perception and action in the brain might be loosely constrained. That is, they should not be rigidly prescribed (such that a highly specific action is always and only coupled with a specific object property) but they should instead involve fairly general components of actions that can adapt to different situations. The experimental work examined the automatic coupling of simplistic left and right actions (e.g. key presses) to pictures of oriented objects. Typically a picture of an object was shown and the viewer responded as fast as possible to some object property that was not associated with action (such as its colour). Of interest was how the performance of these left or right responses related to the task irrelevant left or right orientation of the object. The coupling of a particular response to a particular orientation could be demonstrated by the response performance (speed and accuracy). The more tightly coupled a response was to a particular object orientation, the faster and more accurate it was. The results supported the idea of loosely constrained action plans. Thus it appeared that a range of different actions (even foot responses) could be coupled with an object's orientation. These actions were coupled by default to an object's X-Z orientation (e.g. orientation in the depth plane). In further reflecting a loosely constrained perception-action mechanism, these couplings were shown to change in different situations (e.g. when the object moved towards the viewer, or when a key press made the object move in a predictable way). It was concluded that the kinds of components of actions that are automatically activated when viewing an object are not very detailed or fixed, but are initially quite general and can change and become more specific when circumstances demand it.
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Held, Bjorn. "Dissociating perception and action in a metacontrast paradigm." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265764.
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Goullet, de Rugy Aymar. "Couplage perception-action au cours du pointage locomoteur." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22085.
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Heideman, Simone. "Dynamics of temporal anticipation in perception and action." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98dde64e-11ea-4516-af8c-5f4707d52907.
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The selective deployment of attention over time optimises our perception and action at the moments when relevant events are expected to happen. Such "temporal orienting" to moments when something is going to happen is especially useful when this information can be combined with predictions about where and what events are likely to occur. A large body of research has already established how temporal predictions dynamically influence our perception and action, but questions remain regarding the neural bases of these attentional mechanisms. In this thesis I present three magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies that I conducted to investigate anticipatory neural dynamics associated with spatial-temporal orienting of attention for perception and action. I also investigate and discuss how such anticipatory dynamics change with ageing and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), and how these anticipatory neural dynamics behave in situations where a complex, hidden spatial-temporal structure is present. In Chapter 1, I introduce the topic of this thesis by reviewing the literature on temporal orienting of attention and by introducing my specific research questions. In Chapter 2, I present an MEG study on anticipatory neural dynamics of joint spatial-temporal orienting of attention in the visual domain, in younger and older adults. This study shows that neural dynamics with spatial, temporal and spatial-temporal orienting are all differentially affected by ageing. In Chapter 3, I describe an MEG experiment that investigates anticipatory neural dynamics during spatial-temporal motor preparation and compares PD participants to healthy control participants. This study reveals that both behavioural and neural dynamics with temporal orienting are affected in PD. In Chapter 4, I describe an experiment that explores how an implicit spatial-temporal structure is utilised to predict and prepare for upcoming actions. This study shows that motor cortical excitability is dynamically modulated in anticipation of the location and timing of events, even when such expectations are hidden in complex visual-motor sequences that remain largely implicit. In Chapter 5, the General discussion, I place these results in their wider context and discuss limitations and future directions.
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Jovanovic, Ljubica. "Contextualizing the clock(s) : integrating cues for the perception of time and timing an action." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE034/document.
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Les événements pertinents de notre environnement sont intégrés au flux d'information complexe et multisensoriel qui nous parvient. La perception du temps est malléable et de nombreuses illusions suggèrent que le temps perçu est influencé par le contexte. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence de différents aspects du contexte sur la perception du temps et du timing des actions chez l’humain. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons étudié le rôle du caractère explicite de l’apparition d’un événement sur la durée perçue de l’intervalle entre deux événements. Nous avons montré que l’influence du contexte temporel était plus forte dans la condition d’apparition implicite, pour laquelle le biais d’estimation des vers la moyenne des durées présentées est plus fort, et la sensibilité plus basse. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous avons étudié les effets du contexte temporel et spatial sur le temps perçu des événements. Les résultats de ces études suggèrent que le moment perçu de l’apparition d’un événement ne correspond pas toujours aux latences perceptives mesurées par des taches de temps de réaction, et que la saillance est un indice important pour percevoir le temps. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous avons examiné comment différentes sources d’incertitude influencent le timing perçu d’une action et son auto-évaluation. Les résultats suggèrent que ces deux aspects s’appuieraient au moins en partie sur des processus différentsRelevant events in our environment are embedded in the complex, multisensory stream of information. Time perception is malleable, and numerous time illusions suggest that the perceived time of events is affected by context. The work presented in this thesis investigated how different aspects of human time perception and timing an action are affected by context. In the first part of the thesis, we investigated how the explicitness of the event onset affects perceived elapsed time between two points in time. The temporal context affected the estimates more in the implicit onset condition. The estimates were more biased towards the mean of the presented durations, and sensitivity of duration discrimination sensitivity was lower in the condition with no explicit onset of the duration to be timed. The effects of the temporal and spatial context on the perceived time of events were addressed in the second part. The findings suggest that the perceived time of events can be easily and compulsory biased by the temporal and spatial context. Findings from these studies support the hypothesis that the perceived time of events does not always correspond the the perceptual latencies measured in the reaction time tasks, and that the saliency is an important cue for the perceived time. Finally, in the third part, we investigated how different sources of uncertainty affect the timing and self-evaluation of an action. The findings suggest that timing an action and evaluating its outcome may, at least in part, rely on different computations
28
Zwickel, Jan. "Specific interference effects between temporally overlapping action and perception." Leipzig MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015633411&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Capdepuy, P. "Informational principles of perception-action loops and collective behaviours." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5199.
Full textAbstract:
Living beings, robotic and software artefacts can all be seen as agents acting and perceiving within an environment. When observed under that perspective, a new concept is accessible: information in the sense of Shannon. It has long been known that information and control are interrelated concepts. However it is only recently that this perspective has been better understood and used in order to study cognition. In this thesis, we build upon such an information-theoretic perspective and add some biologically motivated assumptions. They introduce various constraints on the capture, the processing, or the storage of information by an agent. Using such constraints it is possible to understand some limits on the control abilities of agents, and to derive algorithms that optimize these abilities. More specifically this thesis uses the recently introduced concept of empowerment, i.e. the ability to act upon the environment and perceive back the changes through the sensors. Maximizing this quantity leads to a wide range of cognitively interesting properties. This work studies some of these properties. One of them, the ability to capture information that is relevant for the perception-action loop of the agent, is deeply investigated and algorithms for exploiting this ability are presented. The second part of the thesis deals with the use of the information-theoretic framework when multiple agents are interacting with each other. Empowerment maximization in this context leads to two phenomena: the generation of complex structures, and the emergence of synchronised and potentially cooperative interactions. In this thesis, the first phenomenon is empirically investigated through various spatial scenarios in order to understand the kind of structures that are generated and under which conditions they appear. Connections are made between the second phenomenon and the concept of the multiple-access channel. Using recent developments of this information-theoretic model, it is possible to precisely study the kind of interactions that can occur, and the situations that lead to synchronised or cooperative behaviour. The general aim of this work is to give a comprehensive picture of the information-theoretic framework for studying the perception-action loop, bringing both single and multi-agents aspects together. The concepts presented in this thesis allows one to study some fundamental aspects of cognition, to engineer self-motivated robotic systems, or to drive self-organization in multi-agents systems.
30
Kljubin, Aleksandr. "Organization of information flow through the perception-action loop." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440173.
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Rutkowska, Julie Christine. "Perception, action and representation in infancy : a computational approach." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328320.
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White, Eliah. "The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342463538.
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Collier, E. S. "The illusion of action-specific scaling effects : action capacity does not directly influence spatial perception." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3018487/.
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34
Fagioli, Sabrina. "The cognitive representation of action: modulation effects between action and perception as mediated by the event cosing." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917252.
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Deplancke, Antoine. "Approche psychophysique des dissociations perception-action : effet de la détection de distracteurs au seuil sur l’atteinte de cibles visuelles." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30033/document.
Full textAbstract:
La théorie dominante suggérant une séparation entre une vision consciente pour la perception et une vision non consciente pour l'action au sein du système visuel fut particulièrement discutée au cours des dernières décennies. La thèse défendue ici se positionne dans le cadre d'une approche alternative reposant sur une évaluation conjointe des réponses motrice et perceptive en présence de stimuli au seuil perceptif. Les travaux réalisés dans ce contexte ont initialement porté sur les temps de réaction et ont contribué au développement d'un modèle psychophysique postulant que les réponses perceptives et motrices dépendraient d'un signal sensoriel unique mais de seuils de décision spécifiques. Les trois études réalisées au cours de cette thèse ont permis de tester ces propositions à partir de travaux portant sur le contrôle moteur manuel. Tout en confirmant une forte association entre les traitements visuels pour la perception et pour l'action, ces travaux ont permis de mettre en évidence un rôle important des conditions expérimentales (par exemple le contraste des stimuli et la présence ou non d'un masque visuel) dans les résultats obtenus. Les résultats se sont révélés compatibles avec les modèles neurophysiologiques du masquage visuel qui postulent que la réponse neurale à une stimulation visuelle est constituée d'une vague d'activation feedforward associée à la présence physique de la stimulation et de boucles de rétroaction liées à la perception consciente de celle-ci. Nos travaux ont également permis d'adapter au contrôle moteur manuel le modèle de décision à signal unique initialement développé dans le cadre des études portant sur les temps de réactionThe dominant position of a separation between a conscious vision for perception and an unconscious vision for action within the visual system has been particularly discussed in the last decades. The present dissertation is to be placed in the context of an alternative approach consisting in evaluating jointly both perceptual and motor responses in the presence of near-treshold visual stimuli. Previous work within this framework, which have mainly concerned reaction times, have contributed to develop a psychophysical model in which perceptual and motor decision are taken relatively to the same single incoming signal but are based on different tresholds. The three studies conducting during this PhD aimed to testing these proposals in experiments involving manual motor control. While confirming the strong link between perceptual and motor processing within the visual system, the results obtained in these studies underlined the importance of experimental parameters such as the contrast of the stimuli and the presence of visual masks. These results are congruent with neurophysiological models of visual masking, which postulate that the neural response to a visual stimulus is composed of a transient feedforward sweep of activation related to the presence of as stimulus and recurrent feedback loops linked to the conscious perception of this stimulus. Our work also led to the adaptation to manual motor control of the single signal decisional model initially developed on the basis of reaction time studies
36
Camus, Thomas. "Action et intégration : le rôle fonctionnel de la motricité dans la construction des connaissances sensori-motrices." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30076.
Full textAbstract:
La mise en place d’un comportement semble en grande partie déterminée par la capacité du système cognitif à intégrer, au sein de représentations cohérentes, le flux continu d’informations provenant de l’environnement. Les travaux réalisés lors de cette thèse viennent modérer ce lien de causalité, et apportent des éléments en faveur d’une co-détermination de l’intégration des informations perceptives et de la mise en place d’un comportement moteur. En d’autres termes, cette thèse soutient l’idée que les actions effectuées par un individu ne sont pas seulement le produit d’une activité interne, mais sont aussi et surtout une condition de possibilité de la construction d’une représentation cohérente de nos interactions avec l’environnement.La première étude que nous avons réalisée a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle fonctionnel des réponses motrices dans le processus d’intégration. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons montré que les composants perceptifs et moteurs ne sont pas seulement co-activés lors de l’activité perceptive, mais bien intégrés les uns aux autres au sein d’une même représentation sensorimotrice. Enfin, notre dernière étude indique que la construction de telles représentations pourrait dépendre de l’intégration des conséquences sensorimotrices de nos actions. Pris dans une perspective plus large, l’ensemble de ces résultats souligne le rôle fondamental de l’action dans la cognition, et suggère finalement de reconsidérer la distinction stricte que nous opérons habituellement entre les éléments perceptifs et moteurs qui composent nos représentationsThe ability to integrate the vast amount of information coming from the environmentinto a coherent representation is usually considered a necessary conditionfor any behavior to take place. In this Ph.D. thesis, our proposal is to moderatethis apparent causality, and to bring new elements that support the idea of a codeterminationof the building of sensorimotor representations and the execution ofmotor behavior. In other words, we propose that actions are not only adapted toexternal constraints through an internal activity, but also contribute to the buildingof coherent representations of the world. Therefore, we made a series of experimentsto highlight the role of motor activity in the process of binding perceptiveinformation. The first study examined the functional role of motor responses inthe integration process, which were found to be a necessary condition for an integrationto take place. The second study investigated the link between perceptiveand motor components. The results showed that both are indeed integrated into acommon sensorimotor representation. Our final study shed light on the fact thatbuilding sensorimotor representations seems to rely on the integration of sensorimotoraction-effects. Taken together, our results point toward the critical role of motoractivity in cognitive processes, and question the relevance of distinguishing motorcomponents from perceptive ones
37
Ferrier, Laurent. "Simulation motrice et perception d'objets manipulables : quand l'action potentielle contribue à l'identification de la couleur." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30019/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’effet de potentialisation motrice, initialement décrit par Tucker et Ellis (1998), correspond au bénéfice entrainé par l’action potentielle évoquée par la perception d’objets manipulables en lien avec le dispositif de réponse. Cet effet a été observé dans de nombreux contextes expérimentaux. Toutefois, il semble que cet effet ne s’observe pas lorsque la tâche des participants ne porte pas directement sur une caractéristique requise pour le contrôle de l’action (Tipper, Paul & Hayes, 2006) ou qui n’entraîne pas suffisamment d’attention sur l’objet (Ellis, Tucker, Symes & Vainio, 2007 ; Symes, Ellis & Tucker, 2005). Le cas particulier de l’identification de la couleur est un exemple dans lequel cet effet n’est généralement pas constaté (Symes et al. 2005 ; Tipper et al. 2006). En s’appuyant sur des travaux qui proposent une alternative aux théories dissociatives classiques du système visuel (Creem & Proffitt, 2001 ; Frey, 2007 ; Young, 2006 ; Derbyshire, Ellis & Tucker, 2006) et qui se basent essentiellement sur des processus de résonance motrice et de simulation comme condition nécessaire à l’identification et à la reconnaissance (Rizzolatti & Matelli, 2003 ; Bar, 2007 ; Berthoz & Petit, 2003), cette thèse a pour objet de spécifier les conditions d’observation du phénomène de potentialisation motrice en tâche d’identification chromatique. Pour ce faire, nous avons adapté le paradigme SRC modifié de Tucker et Ellis (1998) et le protocole d’amorçage développé par Phillips et Ward (2002) à l’étude de l’identification des couleurs d’objets manipulables. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus montrent une interaction entre l’identification de la couleur et les simulations motrices associées à la perception d’objets manipulables. Ces résultats sont discutés en faveur des modèles qui cherchent à réconcilier les approches écologiques et représentationnelles de la perception ainsi que de ceux qui insistent sur la nature profondément proactive et simulationniste du système perceptifPotentiation of action effect, originally described by Tucker and Ellis (1998), corresponds to the advantage led by action evoked by the perception of graspable objects related to the response device. These effects have been reported for many experimental conditions. However, this effect is not observed when the task is not directly about a characteristic required for action control (Tipper, Paul & Hayes, 2006) or when it does not allowed for enough attention on the object (Ellis, Tucker, Symes & Vainio, 2007; Symes, Ellis & Tucker, 2005). Color perception and identification is a particular case where these effects are generally not observed (Symes et al. 2005; Tipper et al. 2006). Relying on recent works that propose an alternative to theories of classic dissociation of the visual system (Creem & Proffitt, 2001; Frey, 2007; Young, 2006; Derbyshire, Ellis & Tucker, 2006) and that are essentially based on motor resonance and simulation processes as a condition to identification and recognition (Rizzolatti & Matelli, 2003; Bar, 2007; Berthoz & Petit, 2003), this thesis aims to specify the conditions of observation of a potentiation of action phenomenon in a chromatic identification task. To that end, we have adapted the SRC paradigm (stimulus response compatibility) modified by Tucker and Ellis (1998) and the priming paradigm developed by Phillips and Ward (2002) to study color identification of graspable objects. Results we obtain shows an interaction between the identification of color and the motor simulations associated with the perception of graspable objects. We discuss our results in the light of models which tend to reconcile ecological and representational approaches of perception as well as those which insist on the deeply proactive and simulationist nature of the perceptual system
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Brown, Christopher Michael. "Specific effects of action video games on perception and attention." Diss., Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5352.
Full textAbstract:
Many research studies have
established that playing
action video games can
lead
to
visual
attention
and
perception
benefits
for
the
player.
This
dissertation
pioneers
the
use
of
custom
designed
video
game
levels
to
determine
if
a
single
aspect
of
action
video
game
play
has
specific
effects
on
the
player.
In
the
following
studies,
specific
aspects
of
action
video
games
can
indeed
be
isolated
and
thus
potentially
used
as
training
tools
for
targeted
perceptual
benefits.
Experiment
1
demonstrates
that
just
two
hours
of
training
in
a
custom
designed
video
game
world
that
emphasizes
friend
vs.
foe
discrimination
benefits
players’
ability
to
focus
on
relevant
visual
information,
and
leads
to
marginally
decreased
flanker
interference
and
marginally
improved
filtering
capacity.
Experiment
2
examines
the
beneficial
effects
of
dispersed
vs.
narrowly
focused
attention
in
a
second
custom
designed
video
game
world.
After
two
hours
of
game
play,
players
in
the
dispersed
attention
condition
significantly
increased
their
visual
working
memory
capacity
and
ability
to allocate
attention
to
peripheral
items.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Windridge, David, Michael Felsberg, and Affan Shaukat. "A Framework for Hierarchical Perception–Action Learning Utilizing Fuzzy Reasoning." Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85688.
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Perception-action (P-A) learning is an approach to cognitive system building that seeks to reduce the complexity associated with conventional environment-representation/action-planning approaches. Instead, actions are directly mapped onto the perceptual transitions that they bring about, eliminating the need for intermediate representation and significantly reducing training requirements. We here set out a very general learning framework for cognitive systems in which online learning of the P-A mapping may be conducted within a symbolic processing context, so that complex contextual reasoning can influence the P-A mapping. In utilizing a variational calculus approach to define a suitable objective function, the P-A mapping can be treated as an online learning problem via gradient descent using partial derivatives. Our central theoretical result is to demonstrate top-down modulation of low-level perceptual confidences via the Jacobian of the higher levels of a subsumptive P-A hierarchy. Thus, the separation of the Jacobian as a multiplying factor between levels within the objective function naturally enables the integration of abstract symbolic manipulation in the form of fuzzy deductive logic into the P-A mapping learning. We experimentally demonstrate that the resulting framework achieves significantly better accuracy than using P-A learning without top-down modulation. We also demonstrate that it permits novel forms of context-dependent multilevel P-A mapping, applying the mechanism in the context of an intelligent driver assistance system.DIPLECS
GARNICS
CUAS
40
De, Wit Mattheus Maria. "Information over function: a reappraisal of the perception-action model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434366.
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In the influential perception-action model, the ventral visual system of the primate brain serves to obtain knowledge of objects in the environment, while the dorsal system serves to control actions in interaction with those objects. In recent years, criticism of the model has gained momentum following reports of evidence that involvement of the two systems may not principally depend on whether observers are engaged in action or perception tasks. This thesis appraises the perception-action model over the course of five experiments that test a number of the model’s central assertions. Evidence for an alternative functional characterization of the dorsal and ventral systems is obtained. Specifically, the evidence suggests that the dorsal system can be involved in both action and perception on the basis of fast egocentric information pickup, while the ventral system can be involved in both perception and action on the basis of slower allocentric information pickup. This raises the possibility that a more fundamental distinction pertains to the characteristics of information pickup by the two systems rather than to the behavioral functions subserved.
The thesis develops a stance in which involvement of the two systems in the visual guidance of behavior is dependent on their operational characteristics in combination with the constraints of the task. The proposed relevant task constraints are: (i) whether tasks allow for egocentric and/or allocentric information pickup, (ii) the amount of time that is available for information pickup in a task and, possibly, (iii) whether stimuli are located within or outside functional space (the space that affords action for an observer). Whether a task requires an immediate or a delayed response is of less importance. It is argued that while the typical requirements of perception and action tasks bring about a tight coupling between perception and the ventral system and action and the dorsal system, this coupling is not invariant; perception can involve fast egocentric information pickup and action can involve slower allocentric information pickup. The findings are discussed in the context of higher-level theories of visual perception. It is proposed that the view of the dorsal and ventral visual systems that is suggested by the findings presented in this thesis corresponds better with ecological than with constructivist approaches to visual perception.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
41
Davies, M. N. O. "The perception of relative movement and the control of action." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235374.
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Vernat, Jean-Philippe. "Le couplage perception action dans l'espace acoustique d'une tâche d'interception." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2323.
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Ce travail concerne l'etude du comportement moteur des aveugles dans un environnement sonore. Il se place dans la perspective de la psychologie ecologique et tente de valider l'hypothese que le sujet aveugle preleve dans le flux acoustique des invariants necessaires au controle de son acte moteur. Pour expliquer ce comportement, la tache motrice choisie est celle de l'interception d'un mobile dont la trajectoire rectiligne. La tache du sujet consiste a lancer une boule dans un rail et faire entrer en coincidence sa boule avec le mobile sonore. Trois experiences sont proposees : la premiere - etude du flux auditif- cherche a identifier les caracteristiques du comportement des aveugles quand les parametres de distance, de vitesse et d'acceleration de la cible mobile sonore varient. Elle montre que le facteur tau acoustique base sur le parametre de l'intensite sonore est un candidat potentiel comme detecteur d'invariant. La seconde experience - etude de l'amodalite perceptuelle- tente de differencier les caracteristiques du flux visuel et du flux auditif en comparant trois populations de sujets : des voyants, des voyants aveugles et un groupe de sujets aveugles congenitaux realisant une tache similaire dans l'espace sonore. Les caracteristiques du flux visuel et du flux sonore presentent peu de differences quand l'interception est reussie. Si les voyants peuvent presenter un couplage d'intensite, les aveugles n'en sont pas affectes. La derniere experience se propose d'evaluer le phenomene d'echolocation dynamique dans la perspective gibsonienne. Il est montre comment le flux sonore est module par le phenomene d'echo et comment il peut servir l'aveugle dans sa precision pour localiser une cible. L'ensemble convergent de faits experimentaux permet de conclure que, pour (se) mouvoir sans voir, les aveugles prelevent directement une information sonore disponible dans la structure dynamique de l'environnement auditif, sans traitement cognitif et representation.
43
Kirlik, Alexander Charles. "The organization of perception and action in complex control skills /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487598748018584.
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Surrallès, Alexandre. "Au coeur du sens : perception, affectivité, action chez les Candoshi /." Paris : CNRS éd. : Éd. de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389832019.
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Ziemer, Christine Julia. "Flexible recalibration of perception and action in children and adults." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3419.
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We conducted eight experiments to examine how manipulating perception vs. action during walking affects perception-action recalibration in real and imagined blindfolded walking tasks. Participants first performed a distance estimation task (pretest), and then walked through an immersive virtual environment on a treadmill for 10 minutes. Participants then repeated the distance estimation task (posttest), the results of which were compared to their pretest performance. In Experiments 1a, 2a and 3a, participants walked at a normal speed during recalibration, but the rate of visual motion was either twice as fast or half as fast as the participants' walking speed. In Experiments 1b and 2b we tested 12-year-old children in the same recalibration task as 1a and 2a. In Experiments 1c, 2c, and 3b, the rate of visual motion was kept constant, but participants walked at either faster or a slower speed. During pre- and posttest, we used either a blindfolded walking distance estimation task or an imagined walking distance estimation task. Additionally, participants performed the pretest and posttest distance estimation tasks in either the real environment or in the virtual environment. With blindfolded walking as the distance estimation task for pre- and posttest, we found a recalibration effect when either the rate of visual motion or the walking speed was manipulated during the recalibration phase. With imagined walking as the distance estimation task, we found a recalibration effect when the rate of visual motion was manipulated but not when the walking speed was manipulated in both the real environment and the virtual environment. Neither blindfolded walking nor imagined walking yielded significant results when 12-year-old children were tested. Discussion focuses on how spatial updating processes operate on perception and action and on representation and action.
46
Lucas, Joubert. "Perceptual Feedback, Interoception and Action-Specific Effects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447689462.
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Chik, Janice Tzuling. "The unity of action." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6550.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis develops a disjunctivist approach to action as an alternative to the standard causal theory, or 'causalism'. The standard theory promotes a concept of action as constituted by a bodily event joined to certain mental conditions by a bond of causation. A disjunctivist approach, in contrast, claims that action must be distinguished by more than merely its etiology: action and mere movement are fundamentally different kinds. Recent objections to the causal theory of action are first surveyed, and the common causalist assumption claiming Aristotle as the progenitor of the causal theory is examined and dismissed. More refined interpretations of Aristotle's thought on action yield two different concepts: action as change, and action as a unified psychophysical process. The latter in particular is argued to hold promise as a basis for developing the disjunctivist approach to action. The remainder of the thesis therefore considers a contemporary account of psychophysicality, known as 'embodiment theory' (Hanna and Maiese 2009), with the conclusion that the intelligibility of the account depends on appeal to a recent variant of top-down causation (Steward 2012). The thesis also concludes that consideration of the concept of an animal agent makes it entirely unsurprising that the mental and physical are always found together in voluntary movement, and that the embodiment theory's central notion of ‘property fusion' potentially complements a naturalistic variant of top-down causation in explanations of agency.
48
Morgado, Nicolas. "L'influence des contraintes physiques et sociales des actions sur la perception visuelle de l'espace." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS025/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les actions que les individus réalisent dans leur vie quotidienne sont soumises à un ensemble de contraintes physiques et sociales qui donnent un cadre à leur réalisation. Le but de cette thèse était d'apporter des arguments empiriques en faveur d'une approche intégrative selon laquelle ces contraintes influencent la perception visuelle de l'espace. Nous avons pour cela réalisé deux études comportementales sur l'influence des contraintes physiques sur la perception des distances (Articles 1 et 2) et une étude sur la perception d'une de ces contraintes (Article 3). Nous avons également réalisé trois études comportementales sur l'influence des contraintes sociales sur la perception de l'espace et des possibilités d'action (Articles 4, 5 et 7) ainsi qu'une simulation en robotique pour étudier davantage une de ces contraintes (Article 6). À première vue, nos résultats semblent indiquer que les contraintes des actions influencent la perception de l'espace. Cependant, des limites méthodologiques nous incitent à nuancer cette interprétation dans la mesure où certains de nos résultats pourraient refléter des biais de demande expérimentale plutôt que des effets perceptifsActions that people can perform in their everyday life are subject to a lot of constraints which limit their ability to perform these actions. The main purpose of these doctoral researches was to provide empirical evidences for an integrative approach according to which these constraints influence the visual perception of space. We conducted two behavioral experiments to investigate the influence of physical constraints on distance perception (Papers 1 and 2) and one experiment to investigate the perception of one of these constraints (Paper 3). We also conducted three other behavioral experiments to investigate the potential influence of social constraints on the perception of space and affordances (Papers 4, 5, and 7) and one robotic simulation to gain more insight into one of these constraints (Paper 6). Our results seem to provide some supports to the hypothesis that action constraints influence the visual perception of space. However, some methodological flaws prevent us to draw firm conclusions about this general hypothesis given that some of our results might be better explained in terms of experimental demand biases rather than in terms of perceptual effects
49
Quesque, François. "Montre-moi comment tu bouges, je te dirai à quoi tu penses : vers une approche incarnée de la cognition sociale." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30043/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une approche incarnée de la cognition sociale, selon laquelle la capacité à comprendre les états mentaux d’autres individus ne nécessite aucune inférence mais repose plutôt sur l’expérience immédiate des informations sensori-motrices perçues lors d’interactions sociales. D’importantes limites ont été formulées à l’encontre de cette approche. Il est notamment considéré qu’elle ne peut rendre compte de phénomènes dits de « hauts niveaux » de mentalisation, comme l’inférence d’intentions sociales, puisqu’il n’existe pas de relations systématiques entre ces dernières et les systèmes de la perception et de l’action. A travers les études de cette thèse, nous avons tout d’abord mis en évidence des altérations systèmatiques de la cinématique de mouvements volontaires selon les intentions sociales poursuivies. Précisément, lorsqu’une action est produite avec l’intention de servir à un partenaire, ses caractéristiques spatio-temporelles sont amplifiées. Ensuite, nous avons démontré que ces déformations cinématiques étaient fonction des propriétés physiques, et particulièrement de la hauteur des yeux du partenaire. Enfin, nos résultats montrent que ces déformations cinématiques sont implicitement traitées lors d’interactions sociales et qu’elles entraînent l’inférence spontanée d’intention sociale. De façon intéressante, la capacité des participants à accéder à ces informations privées à partir de variations cinématiques était fortement liée à leurs capacités explicites de mentalisation. Ainsi, cette thèse fournit les premières évidences expérimentales soutenant la possibilité d’accéder spontanément aux intentions sociales d’autres personnes à partir de processus perceptifs et moteursThis thesis assumes a grounded approach to social cognition, which defends that our abilities to understand others’ mental states rely on our immediate experience of sensori-motor informations in social interactions and do not need any inference processes. Some critical theorethical limits have been addressed to this approach to social cognition. Typically, it is considered that this conception can not explain high order mentalization, as, for example, the inference of social intentions, because there are not systematic links between those cognitive constructs and the systems of perception and action. Through the studies of this thesis, we have in a first time showed that the kinematics of voluntary movements are influenced by the type of social intention that is endorsed by participants. Precisely, when an action is produced for a partner, its spatio-temporal characteristics are amplified. Then, we have demonstrated that these kinematic variations are influenced by the physical properties of the partner, and particularly by the eyes’ level. Finally, our results showed that these typical kinematic variations are implicitly processed during social interaction and that they can trigger spontaneous social intention attribution. Interestingly, the ability of participants to access others’ mental states from motor action variations is strongly related to their explicit mentalizing performances. In sum, this thesis provides the first experimental evidences supporting the possibility to spontaneously access to others’ social intentions from perceptive and motor processes
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Burton, Joel. "Linkages between auditory perception and action : acoustical facilitation of motor responses." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/7560/.
Full textAbstract:
In our everyday lives we often have to respond quickly to events in the world around us. This thesis examined whether task-irrelevant, moving auditory stimuli facilitated context-appropriate motor responses. The experiments followed the same general methodology: participants responded to a visual target (a box on the screen) which was sometimes accompanied, or preceded, by a moving broadband auditory stimulus. For the experiments in Chapter 2 the auditory stimulus started in one hemifield and moved to the other. The results indicated motor responses were facilitated when the auditory stimulus was moving azimuthally, to a greater degree than when it was static, but only when the direction of the auditory stimulus was opposite to that of the response (incongruent) and only for Experiment 2. Chapter 3 further examined this facilitation, whilst restricting the movement of the auditory stimuli to either the left or right hemifield. The results indicated facilitation from bi-modal presentations, particularly when responses were towards the hemifield the auditory stimulus was presented in. Experiments 3 - 6 indicated responses were facilitated when the auditory stimulus and the required motor response moved in the same direction. Finally, Chapter 4 utilised looming auditory stimuli to test whether they led to greater facilitation than that observed in Chapter 3. The results indicated looming auditory stimuli facilitated responses relative to receding or static stimuli. There was also facilitation from bimodal presentations over their uni-modal counterparts, particularly when the responses were towards the hemifield the auditory stimulus was presented in. There was facilitation when the auditory stimulus moved in the opposite direction to the required response, compared to static, though only in Experiments 7 and 11. This thesis suggests that motor responses can be facilitated by task-irrelevant, moving, particularly looming, auditory stimuli and may be of benefit in tasks that require quick responses.