Journal articles on the topic 'Actinobacteria'
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Inayah, Mazidah Noer, Yulin Lestari, and Anja Meryandini. "Community of Soil Actinobacteria in PTPN VI Oil Palm Plantation Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia) Based on Amplicon Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.3.389-398.
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In Sumatra, Indonesia, increased oil palm production encourages land expansion for oil palm plantations. And soil Actinobacteria have a potential role in agriculture and plantations ecosystems. The use of fertilizer and herbicide affects soil microbial diversity, including Actinobacteria. This research analyzed and investigated the community composition and diversity of Actinobacteria in soils of oil palm plantations in Jambi Sumatra. Amplicon-based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 hypervariable region) was used to amplify actinobacterial full-length 16S sequences. The V3-V4 actinobacterial specific 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done using Next-Generation Sequencing. This study confirmed that actinobacterial specific 16S rRNA gene primer could amplify the actinobacterial 16S rRNA gene. Frankiales dominated the community composition of soilborne Actinobacteria. The diversity and community composition of soilborne Actinobacteria were not significantly affected by the interaction between fertilization and weed treatments. Furthermore, the use of NPK fertilizer significantly affected the abundance of Kineosporiales, whose abundance increased with the increasing concentration of NPK fertilizer. The interaction between fertilization and weeding treatments in the oil palm plantations has no impact on soil Actinobacteria's community composition and diversity.
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DITA, SASMIATI FARACH, SRI BUDIARTI, and YULIN LESTARI. "Sponge-Associated Actinobacteria: Morphological Character and Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 3, no. 1 (August 11, 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.3.1.21-26.
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Sponge-associated actinobacteria may diverse and have potency to produce bioactive compounds. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of indigenous sponge-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine ecosystem in Indonesia have not much been explored. This work aimed to assess morphological and antibacterial activity of sponge-associated actinobacteria. The morphological characteristics were examined based on their color of aerial and substrate mycelia, and pigmentation, while antibacterial activities were assayed using the antagonist technique. The selected actinobacterial isolate was identified using 16S rRNA gene. Various sponge-associated actinobacteria were successfully isolated from Hyrtios sp., Callyspongia sp., and Neofibularia sp. sponges. A total of 62 actinobacterial isolates were obtained, and each isolate showed a variety of morphological characters, which could be seen in aerial mass color, substrate mass color, and pigmentation. Actinobacterial isolates were tested against human pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, representing Gram-positive, and Escherichia coli EPEC K1-1 and Shigella dysenteriae, representing Gram-negative. Most of actinobacterial isolates had antimicrobial activities at least against one of pathogenic bacteria. High activity was shown by NOHa.2, isolated from Neofibularia, and HRHa.5 isolated from Hyrtios. The NOHa.2 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. dysenteriae, meanwhile, HRHa.5 showed antimicrobial activity against 3 of 4 tested bacterial pathogens. These data showed diversity of sponge-asccociated actinobacteria from marine ecosystem in Indonesia, and several of them have potency as source of antibacterial compounds
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Allgaier, Martin, and Hans-Peter Grossart. "Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Actinobacteria Populations in Four Lakes in Northeastern Germany." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 5 (May 2006): 3489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.5.3489-3497.2006.
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ABSTRACT The phylogenetic diversity and seasonal dynamics of freshwater Actinobacteria populations in four limnologically different lakes of the Mecklenburg-Brandenburg Lake District (northeastern Germany) were investigated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to determine the seasonal abundances and dynamics of total Actinobacteria (probe HGC69a) and the three actinobacterial subclusters acI, acI-A, and acI-B (probes AcI-852, AcI-840-1, and AcI-840-2). Seasonal means of total Actinobacteria abundances in the epilimnia of the lakes varied from 13 to 36%, with maximum values of 30 to 58%, of all DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained cells. Around 80% of total Actinobacteria belonged to the acI cluster. The two subclusters acI-A and acI-B accounted for 60 to 91% of the acI cluster and showed seasonal means of 49% (acI-B) and 23% (acI-A) in relation to the acI cluster. Total Actinobacteria and members of the clusters acI and acI-B showed distinct seasonal changes in their absolute abundances, with maxima in late spring and fall/winter. In eight clone libraries constructed from the lakes, a total of 76 actinobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified from a total of 177 clones. The majority of the Actinobacteria sequences belonged to the acI and acIV cluster. Several new clusters and subclusters were found (acSTL, scB1-4, and acIVA-D). The majority of all obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences are distinct from those of already-cultured freshwater Actinobacteria.
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Ventura, Marco, Carlos Canchaya, Andreas Tauch, Govind Chandra, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Keith F. Chater, and Douwe van Sinderen. "Genomics of Actinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 71, no. 3 (September 2007): 495–548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00005-07.
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SUMMARY Actinobacteria constitute one of the largest phyla among Bacteria and represent gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in their DNA. This bacterial group includes microorganisms exhibiting a wide spectrum of morphologies, from coccoid to fragmenting hyphal forms, as well as possessing highly variable physiological and metabolic properties. Furthermore, Actinobacteria members have adopted different lifestyles, and can be pathogens (e.g., Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Tropheryma, and Propionibacterium), soil inhabitants (Streptomyces), plant commensals (Leifsonia), or gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium). The divergence of Actinobacteria from other bacteria is ancient, making it impossible to identify the phylogenetically closest bacterial group to Actinobacteria. Genome sequence analysis has revolutionized every aspect of bacterial biology by enhancing the understanding of the genetics, physiology, and evolutionary development of bacteria. Various actinobacterial genomes have been sequenced, revealing a wide genomic heterogeneity probably as a reflection of their biodiversity. This review provides an account of the recent explosion of actinobacterial genomics data and an attempt to place this in a biological and evolutionary context.
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Ratte, Marina, Irmanida Batubara, and Yulin Lestari. "Morphological Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Actinobacteria from Xylocarpus granatum Growing in Mangrove Habitat." Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.01.
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Xylocarpus granatum produces various bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities, one of them as an antioxidant. Endophytic actinobacteria can also produce bioactive compounds. This study aimed to explore the existence of the endophytic actinobacteria of X. granatum fruit and determine its antioxidant activity. The research method was carried out by isolating the endophytic actinobacteria from the fruit using selective media Humic Acid (HV). Furthermore, characterizing the obtained isolates using four different media, namely YSA, ISP2, ISP3, and ISP4, measured antioxidant activity for actinobacterial supernatants and actinobacterial ethyl acetate extracts using the DPPH method. The results showed that from X. granatum, 15 isolates of endophytic actinobacteria were obtained from fruit, seeds, and leaves. Endophytic actinobacteria isolates from X. granatum showed different colors of aerial mycelium, substrate mycelium, and spore chain type. XGF11, XGF12, and XGF4 isolates produced high antioxidant activity of the supernatant; 57.30%, 49.77%, and 41.90% inhibition, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of XGF12 ethyl acetate extract was 501.60 μg AEAC/mg extract and 465.47 μg AEAC/mg extract for XGF11 ethyl acetate extract. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, isolates XGF12 and XGF11 showed similarities with Streptomyces xylanilyticus, and isolated XGF4 showed similarities with Brevibacterium sediminis.
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Xu, Ting, Kunpeng Cui, Jiawei Chen, Rui Wang, Xiangnan Wang, Longsheng Chen, Zhen Zhang, et al. "Biodiversity of Culturable Endophytic Actinobacteria Isolated from High Yield Camellia oleifera and Their Plant Growth Promotion Potential." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111150.
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Camellia oleifera Abel. is one of the world’s four famous woody oil trees and has drawn increasing attention because of its high commercial value. Endophytes are microorganisms inhabiting inside plant tissues, and their functions vary with the change of host status and environmental parameters. To deepen our understanding of the interactions between C. oleifera and their endophytic actinobacteria, the present study investigated the four endophytic actinobacterial composition-residing high-yield C. oleifera trees. A total of 156 endophytic actinobacterial isolates were obtained distributed in 17 genera. Among them, Streptomyces was the dominant endophytic actinobacteria, followed by Nocardia, Amycolatopsis, Microbiospora, Micromonospora and other rare actinobacteria genera. Soil characteristics including soil pH and organic matter were found to play crucial roles in shaping the endophytic actinobacterial community composition. Furthermore, all isolates were studied to determine their plant growth-promotion traits, 86.54% could produce Indole 3-Acetic Acid, 16.03% showed nitrogen-fixing, 21.15% showed phosphorus solubilizing, and 35.26% produced siderophore. Under the glasshouse condition, some isolates exhibited growth promotion effects on C. oleifera seedlings with significant increase in spring shoot length and ground diameter. Altogether, this study demonstrated that C. oleifera plants harbored a high diversity and novelty of culturable endophytic actinobacteria, which represent important potential as natural biofertilizers for the high production of C. oleifera.
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Wu, Yu-Rui, Cui-Bai Li, Yan-Hong Wu, Lan Li, Bo Li, Wen-Bo Li, Bu-Jin Ma, and Zhu-Yun Yan. "Diversity and function of culturable actinobacteria in the root-associated of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge." PeerJ 9 (July 9, 2021): e11749. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11749.
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The root-associated actinobacteria play important roles in plant growth, nutrient use, and disease resistance due to their functional diversity. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a critical medicinal plant in China. The root actinobacterial community structure has been studied; however, the functions of root-associated actinobacteria of S. miltiorrhiza have not been elucidated. This study aimed to decipher the diversity and function of the culturable root-associated actinobacteria in plant growth using culture-dependent technology and culturable microbe metagenomes. We isolated 369 strains from the root-associated actinobacteria, belonging to four genera, among which Streptomyces was dominant. Besides, the functional prediction revealed some pathways related to plant growth, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, and antagonistic pathogens. We systematically described the diversity and functions of the culturable root-associated actinobacteria community. Our results demonstrated that the culturable root-associated actinobacteria of S. miltiorrhiza have rich functionalities, explaining the possible contribution of culturable root-associated actinobacteria to S. miltiorrhiza’s growth and development. This study provides new insights into understanding the function of the culturable root-associated actinobacteria and can be used as a knowledge base for plant growth promoters and biological control agent development in agriculture.
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Li, Feina, Shaowei Liu, Qinpei Lu, Hongyun Zheng, Ilya A. Osterman, Dmitry A. Lukyanov, Petr V. Sergiev, et al. "Studies on Antibacterial Activity and Diversity of Cultivable Actinobacteria Isolated from Mangrove Soil in Futian and Maoweihai of China." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (June 9, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3476567.
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Mangrove is a rich and underexploited ecosystem with great microbial diversity for discovery of novel and chemically diverse antimicrobial compounds. The goal of the study was to explore the pharmaceutical actinobacterial resources from mangrove soil and gain insight into the diversity and novelty of cultivable actinobacteria. Consequently, 10 mangrove soil samples were collected from Futian and Maoweihai of China, and the culture-dependent method was employed to obtain actinobacteria. A total of 539 cultivable actinobacteria were isolated and distributed in 39 genera affiliated to 18 families of 8 orders by comparison analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. The dominant genus was Streptomyces (16.0 %), followed by Microbacterium (14.5 %), Agromyces (14.3 %), and Rhodococcus (11.9 %). Other 35 rare actinobacterial genera accounted for minor proportions. Notably, 11 strains showed relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (< 98.65 %) with validly described species. Based on genotypic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, 115 out of the 539 actinobacterial strains were chosen as representative strains to test their antibacterial activities against “ESKAPE” bacteria by agar well diffusion method and antibacterial mechanism by the double fluorescent protein reporter system. Fifty-four strains in 23 genera, including 2 potential new species, displayed antagonistic activity in antibacterial assay. Meanwhile, 5 strains in 3 genera exhibited inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis due to ribosome stalling. These results demonstrate that cultivable actinobacteria from mangrove soil are potentially rich sources for discovery of new antibacterial metabolites and new actinobacterial taxa.
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Narsing Rao, Manik Prabhu, Karan Lohmaneeratana, Chakrit Bunyoo, and Arinthip Thamchaipenet. "Actinobacteria–Plant Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress." Plants 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 2976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212976.
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Abiotic stressors, such as drought, flooding, extreme temperature, soil salinity, and metal toxicity, are the most important factors limiting crop productivity. Plants use their innate biological systems to overcome these abiotic stresses caused by environmental and edaphic conditions. Microorganisms that live in and around plant systems have incredible metabolic abilities in mitigating abiotic stress. Recent advances in multi-omics methods, such as metagenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, have helped to understand how plants interact with microbes and their environment. These methods aid in the construction of various metabolic models of microbes and plants, resulting in a better knowledge of all metabolic exchanges engaged during interactions. Actinobacteria are ubiquitous and are excellent candidates for plant growth promotion because of their prevalence in soil, the rhizosphere, their capacity to colonize plant roots and surfaces, and their ability to produce various secondary metabolites. Mechanisms by which actinobacteria overcome abiotic stress include the production of osmolytes, plant hormones, and enzymes, maintaining osmotic balance, and enhancing nutrient availability. With these characteristics, actinobacteria members are the most promising candidates as microbial inoculants. This review focuses on actinobacterial diversity in various plant regions as well as the impact of abiotic stress on plant-associated actinobacterial diversity and actinobacteria-mediated stress mitigation processes. The study discusses the role of multi-omics techniques in expanding plant–actinobacteria interactions, which aid plants in overcoming abiotic stresses and aims to encourage further investigations into what may be considered a relatively unexplored area of research.
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Ariansyah, Alifian, Irmanida Batubara, Yulin Lestari, and Saat Egra. "Antioxidant and Antiglycation Activity of Rhizosphere and Endophytic Actinobacteria of Xylocarpus granatum." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 11, no. 2 (August 17, 2019): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i2.20018.
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Utilization of endophytic bacteria such as actinobacteria is one of the alternatives to obtain the bioactive compounds similar to the host plant. This study aimed to identify compounds produced by rhizosphere and endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Xylocarpus granatum for their antioxidant and antiglycation activity. Actinobacterial culture supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate with a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Whole TLC-bioautography and phytochemical tests were used to predict the group of active compounds. Antiglycation activity was identified based on the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Fifteen actinobacterial isolates had been isolated from rhizosphere (ten isolates), fruit (two isolates), and leaf (two isolates) of X. granatum. All isolates had been tested for their antioxidant and antiglycation activity. Isolate XR2 had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1719.26 mg/L. Meanwhile, the highest antiglycation activity was obtained from isolate XR8 with IC50 value of 327.62 mg/L. This study informs that actinobacteria also live in the fruit, leaves and rhizosphere of X. granatum. The existence of rhizosphere and endophytic actinobacteria from X. granatum and their antioxidant and antiglycation activities contributes to the understanding of their diversity and potency as an antioxidant and antiglycation agent.
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Urtgam, Sittichai, Kanjana Thananoppakun, Chaowalit Puengtang, Tawatchai Sumpradit, Bantita Thuankul, and Naruemol Thurnkul. "Antimicrobial Activities and Painting Application of Pigmented-Producing Actinobacteria Isolated from Rhizospheric Soils of Mosses (Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr.) Broth. and Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng.)." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 31, no. 4 (March 16, 2024): 652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.4.652-662.
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In the survey of biodiversity of actinobacteria associated with mosses (Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr.) Broth. and Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng.), certain strains of pigment producing actinobacteria were isolated and purified on SCA and incubated at 30°C for 1 week. Based on deep-shade color of actinobacterial pigments, 4 strains were collected and used for painting color preparation. To evaluate the antimicrobial activities, the crude extracts were prepared from 4 actinobacterial strains and tested with Escherichia coli PSRU-01 and Staphylococcus aureus PSRU-01. The results indicated that the crude extracts of C7, C13, C15 and D13 could not inhibit growth of E. coli PSRU-01, but S. aureus PSRU-01 was inhibited. Two fungal testers, including Colletotrichum sp. PSRU-01 and Fusarium sp. PSRU-01, were completely inhibited by the crude pigment extracts of C13, C15 and D13. Based on phylogenetic results, the actinobacterial strains were closely related to Streptomyces californicus (C7, 100% identity), Streptomyces bungoensis (C13, 99.8% similarity), Streptomyces humi (C15, 99.9% similarity), and Streptomyces rectiverticillatus (D13, 99.8% similarity). They also shared phenotypic characteristics with Streptomyces. The cultivated cells of actinobacteria on broken-milled rice were used for pigment extraction and followed by determination of the extracted pigments for mixing with acrylic color in the shade violet, green, orange and pink colors. Application of actinobacterial pigments in painting is the first report and it is an innovative utilization of actinobacterial pigments in non-scientific field in Thailand.
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Liu, Chongxi, Xiaoxin Zhuang, Zhiyin Yu, Zhiyan Wang, Yongjiang Wang, Xiaowei Guo, Wensheng Xiang, and Shengxiong Huang. "Community Structures and Antifungal Activity of Root-Associated Endophytic Actinobacteria of Healthy and Diseased Soybean." Microorganisms 7, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080243.
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The present study was conducted to examine the influence of a pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary on the actinobacterial community associated with the soybean roots. A total of 70 endophytic actinobacteria were isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of either healthy or diseased soybeans, and they were distributed under 14 genera. Some rare genera, including Rhodococcus, Kribbella, Glycomyces, Saccharothrix, Streptosporangium and Cellulosimicrobium, were endemic to the diseased samples, and the actinobacterial community was more diverse in the diseased samples compared with that in the heathy samples. Culture-independent analysis of root-associated actinobacterial community using the high-throughput sequencing approach also showed similar results. Four Streptomyces strains that were significantly abundant in the diseased samples exhibited strong antagonistic activity with the inhibition percentage of 54.1–87.6%. A bioactivity-guided approach was then employed to isolate and determine the chemical identity of antifungal constituents derived from the four strains. One new maremycin analogue, together with eight known compounds, were detected. All compounds showed significantly antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum with the 50% inhibition (EC50) values of 49.14–0.21 mg/L. The higher actinobacterial diversity and more antifungal strains associated with roots of diseased plants indicate a possible role of the root-associated actinobacteria in natural defense against phytopathogens. Furthermore, these results also suggest that the root of diseased plant may be a potential reservoir of actinobacteria producing new agroactive compounds.
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Urtgam, Sittichai, Naruemol Thurnkul, and Tawatchai Sumpradit. "Isolation, Identification, and Application of Pigment-Producing Actinobacteria from Stingless Bee Hives for Handicraft Production." Journal of Current Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (August 30, 2023): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59796/jcst.v13n3.2023.749.
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Actinobacteria are distributed in natural habitats and produce a vast variety of natural pigments that are different in colour shades and applied in textile industry and others. The extracted actinobacterial pigments are used as eco-friendly natural dyes and colour and non-toxic to living organisms and environments compared with chemical or synthetic colours. In order to produce actinobacterial pigments for handicraft making, eight strains of the pigmented producing actinobacteria were isolated from stingless bee (Tetragonilla collina Smith, 1857) hives. Based on deep colour shades presented, 4 actinobacterial strains were chosen to prepare various colour for handicrafts, including yellow, violet, green, and pink. To identify actinobacterial strains selected, phylogenetic identification was carried out. The phylogenetic results indicated that strain C2 phylogenetically shared the 16S rDNA sequence 99.6 % similarity with its closest species, namely Streptomyces cellulosae. Strain C4 had the phylogenetic relationship close to Streptomyces californicus (99.9% similarity of 16S rDNA). Strain E1 was a closest member belonged to Streptomyces chartreusis (99.9% 16S rDNA sequence similarity), and strain E2 was phylogenetically closely related to Streptomyces aureoversilis with 99.2% 16S rDNA sequence similarity. To produce the handicraft colour, we cultivated four actinobacterial strains on broken-milled rice, and actinobacterial pigments were extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extracts obtained were mixed with white flower clay that was used for handicraft making, and the artificial clay flowers were made. This study is the first to report the use of natural colours obtained from pigment-producing actinobacteria in handicrafts in Thailand and other countries. Future research will explore the application of actinobacterial pigments in various fields, including fine arts, the ceramic industry, and others.
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Wolińska, Agnieszka, Dorota Górniak, Urszula Zielenkiewicz, Agnieszka Kuźniar, Dariusz Izak, Artur Banach, and Mieczysław Błaszczyk. "Actinobacteria Structure in Autogenic, Hydrogenic and Lithogenic Cultivated and Non-Cultivated Soils: A Culture-Independent Approach." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100598.
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The aim of the study was to determine the Actinobacteria structure in cultivated (C) versus non-cultivated (NC) soils divided into three groups (autogenic, hydrogenic, lithogenic) with consideration its formation process in order to assess the Actinobacteria sensitivity to agricultural soil use and soil genesis and to identify factors affecting their abundance. Sixteen C soil samples and sixteen NC samples serving as controls were taken for the study. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA metagenomic amplicons (Ion Torrent™ technology) and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) were applied for precise determination of biodiversity. Generally, greater abundance of Actinobacteria in the NC soils relative to the C soils was found. Moreover, it was indicated that the actinobacterial diversity depended on both the soil genesis and the land use; however, this effect directly depended on the particular family and genera. Two factors: redox potential (Eh) and total carbon (TC) seemed to had a significant effect on the diversity of Actinobacteria. More precisely, Actinobacteria from the NC soils displayed a greater affinity for each other and were clearly influenced by Eh, whilst those from the C soils were mostly influenced by TC.
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De Sousa, Juliani Barbosa, Leonardo Lima Bandeira, Valéria Maria Araújo Silva, Franciandro Dantas Dos Santos, Fernando Gouveia Cavalcante, Paulo Ivan Fernandes Júnior, Claudia Miranda Martins, and Suzana Cláudia Silveira Martins. "In Vitro Coinoculation Between Actinobacteria and Diazotrophic Nodulating Bacteria from the Semiarid." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, no. 9 (September 13, 2023): e04127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n9-007.
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Purpose: To evaluate the potential of actinobacterial strains from the Brazilian semiarid to establish facilitation relationships with native rhizobia from the same region.
Theoretical framework: The study is based on the ecological and biotechnological importance of soil actinobacteria, producers of biosurfactants and enzymes, and of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in legumes.
Method: 50 strains of actinobacteria were isolated from soils from Ceará with different levels of anthropization and 19 strains of rhizobia using cowpea. The morphological, cultural and micromorphological characterization of the strains was performed, as well as the evaluation of their enzymatic profiles. In vitro facilitation tests were conducted between cellulolytic actinobacteria and non-cellulolytic rhizobia.
Results: The soil areas presented a similar composition of actinobacteria, but strains from the anthropized area showed higher enzymatic activity. Two Streptomyces strains promoted the growth of non-cellulolytic rhizobia in vitro, indicating potential application as bioinoculants in microbial consortia.
Conclusions: The study contributes to the knowledge of the interaction between beneficial microbial groups from the semiarid region and their possible biotechnological use in agriculture.
Originality/value: Works on coinoculation between actinobacteria and rhizobia from semiarid soils are scarce.
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Rahma, H., J. Trisno, Martinius, and S. D. Shafira. "Potential of actinobacteria as biocontrol agents to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1160, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1160/1/012040.
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Abstract Xanthomans oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a pathogen that causes bacterial leaf blight in rice plants.Biological control using microorganisms, one of which incorporates actinobacteria, is one of the most extensively used control techniques. This work aimed to find actinobacteria isolates from rice that can inhibit Xoo growth in vitro. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed in this experiment, with 14 treatments and three replications. There are 13 isolates used: Act-Hr 49, Act-Hr 21, Act-Hr 24, Act-Pha 4, Act-Mn2, Act-LB3, Act Pha 2.3, Act Pha 3.4, Act-Pha 3.3, Act-Hr 47, Act Pha 3.5, Act-Krj 21, Act-SK2 and control (Xoo without Actinobacteria treatment). The ability of actinobacterial isolates to reduce Xoo growth in vitro and the enzyme activity of each isolate were measured. The study revealed that three Actinobacteria isolates, Act-LB3, Act-Mn2, and Act-Pha4, could potentially suppress Xoo bacteria’s growth with inhibition indices ranging from 12 mm to 15 mm Act-LB3 isolate produced catalase enzyme, while Act-Pha4 isolate produced both catalase and protease enzyme. The results indicate that actinobacteria from the rice rhizosphere could produce antibacterial metabolites and enzyme activity.
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Sasidhar, Muralidharan, Selvam Masilamani, Abirami Baskaran, Manigundan Kaari, and Radhakrishnan Manikkam. "Antifungal activity of rare actinobacterium isolated from forest soil." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1610rjbt92101.
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Prolonged use of antifungal drugs has led to the emergence of drug resistant fungal pathogens that pose serious threat to public health and challenge to researchers for discovering novel antifungal agents. Natural products from the members of phylum actinobacteria are the promising source of antibiotics including antifungal agents. Twenty-seven morphologically different actinobacterial cultures were isolated from the forest soils of Sabarimala, Kerala and Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Actinobacterial strain LA34 showed promising antifungal activity when screened against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, hence selected as potential strain. Antifungal compounds were produced from the strain LA34 using agar surface fermentation and its extraction was done using ethyl acetate and methanol. Results of cultural, microscopic and physiological characteristics as well as cell wall amino acid and sugars analysis revealed that the strain LA34 was nonstreptomyces or rare actinobacterium. Various carbon sources, nitrogen sources and minerals were found to influence antifungal compound production by the strain LA34. The present study concluded that the rare actinobacterial strain LA34 isolated from Lucknow forest soil is a promising source for the isolation of antifungal compounds.
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Ostash, B. O., O. S. Yushchuk, O. T. Koshla, Y. Rebets, I. S. Ostash, Y. V. Sehin, T. Busche, J. Kalinowski, G. Muth, and V. O. Fedorenko. "Elucidation of the genetic mechanisms contributing to moenomycin resistance in actinobacteria." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (September 9, 2018): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.949.
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Aim. Moenomycins are phosphoglycolipid antibiotics produced almost exclusively by representatives of genus Streptomyces. These antibiotics directly inhibit peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases and are extremely active against cocci. Here we studied how antibiotic-producing actinobacteria protect themselves from toxic action of moenomycins. Methods. Microbiological and molecular genetic approaches were combined to reveal intrinsic levels and distribution of moenomycin resistance across actinobacteria genera, and to pinpoint genes contributing to moenomycin resistance in model strain Streptomyces coelicolor M145. Results. Out of 51 actinobacterial species (90 % of which Streptomyces) being tested, only Streptomyces albus J1074 turned out to be highly susceptible to moenomycin A, although resistant variants can be facilely raised. Several classes of mutations increased level of susceptibility of S. coelicolor to moenomycin, although in no case the latter was equal to what we observed in J1074 strain. Conclusions. Moenomycin resistance is widespread across actinobacteria, and it most likely is caused by a combination factors, such as richly decorated cell wall and organization of divisome apparatus. It is possible that moenomycin resistance mechanisms operating in actinobacteria and pathogenic cocci are different.
Keywords: moenomycin, antibiotic resistance, peptidoglycan.
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Baranova, Anna A., Yuliya V. Zakalyukina, Anna A. Ovcharenko, Vladimir A. Korshun, and Anton P. Tyurin. "Antibiotics from Insect-Associated Actinobacteria." Biology 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111676.
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Actinobacteria are involved into multilateral relationships between insects, their food sources, infectious agents, etc. Antibiotics and related natural products play an essential role in such systems. The literature from the January 2016–August 2022 period devoted to insect-associated actinomycetes with antagonistic and/or enzyme-inhibiting activity was selected. Recent progress in multidisciplinary studies of insect–actinobacterial interactions mediated by antibiotics is summarized and discussed.
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Arocha-Garza, Hector Fernando, Ricardo Canales-Del Castillo, Luis E. Eguiarte, Valeria Souza, and Susana De la Torre-Zavala. "High diversity and suggested endemicity of culturable Actinobacteria in an extremely oligotrophic desert oasis." PeerJ 5 (May 2, 2017): e3247. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3247.
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The phylum Actinobacteria constitutes one of the largest and anciently divergent phyla within the Bacteria domain. Actinobacterial diversity has been thoroughly researched in various environments due to its unique biotechnological potential. Such studies have focused mostly on soil communities, but more recently marine and extreme environments have also been explored, finding rare taxa and demonstrating dispersal limitation and biogeographic patterns for Streptomyces. To test the distribution of Actinobacteria populations on a small scale, we chose the extremely oligotrophic and biodiverse Cuatro Cienegas Basin (CCB), an endangered oasis in the Chihuahuan desert to assess the diversity and uniqueness of Actinobacteria in the Churince System with a culture-dependent approach over a period of three years, using nine selective media. The 16S rDNA of putative Actinobacteria were sequenced using both bacteria universal and phylum-specific primer pairs. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed to analyze OTUs clustering and taxonomic identification of the isolates in an evolutionary context, using validated type species ofStreptomycesfrom previously phylogenies as a reference. Rarefaction analysis for total Actinobacteria and for Streptomyces isolates were performed to estimate species’ richness in the intermediate lagoon (IL) in the oligotrophic Churince system. A total of 350 morphologically and nutritionally diverse isolates were successfully cultured and characterized as members of the Phylum Actinobacteria. A total of 105 from the total isolates were successfully subcultured, processed for DNA extraction and 16S-rDNA sequenced. All strains belong to the order Actinomycetales, encompassing 11 genera of Actinobacteria; the genusStreptomyceswas found to be the most abundant taxa in all the media tested throughout the 3-year sampling period. Phylogenetic analysis of our isolates and another 667 reference strains of the family Streptomycetaceae shows that our isolation effort produced 38 unique OTUs in six new monophyletic clades. This high biodiversity and uniqueness of Actinobacteria in an extreme oligotrophic environment, which has previously been reported for its diversity and endemicity, is a suggestive sign of microbial biogeography of Actinobacteria and it also represents an invaluable source of biological material for future ecological and bioprospecting studies.
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Warnecke, Falk, Ruben Sommaruga, Raju Sekar, Julia S. Hofer, and Jakob Pernthaler. "Abundances, Identity, and Growth State of Actinobacteria in Mountain Lakes of Different UV Transparency." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 9 (September 2005): 5551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.9.5551-5559.2005.
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ABSTRACT The occurrence, identity, and activity of microbes from the class Actinobacteria was studied in the surface waters of 10 oligo- to mesotrophic mountain lakes located between 913 m and 2,799 m above sea level. Oligonucleotide probes were designed to distinguish between individual lineages within this group by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bacteria of a single phylogenetic lineage (acI) represented >90% of all Actinobacteria in the studied lakes, and they constituted up to 70% of the total bacterial abundances. In the subset of eight lakes situated above the treeline, the community contribution of bacteria from the acI lineage was significantly correlated with the ambient levels of solar UV radiation (UV transparency, r 2 = 0.72; P < 0.01). Three distinct genotypic subpopulations were distinguished within acI that constituted varying fractions of all Actinobacteria in the different lakes. The abundance of growing actinobacterial cells was estimated by FISH and immunocytochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into de novo-synthesized DNA. The percentages of Actinobacteria with visible DNA synthesis approximately corresponded to the average percentages of BrdU-positive cells in the total assemblages. Actinobacteria from different subclades of the acI lineage, therefore, constituted an important autochthonous element of the aquatic microbial communities in many of the studied lakes, potentially also due to their higher UV resistance.
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Conn, Vanessa M., and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Analysis of the Endophytic Actinobacterial Population in the Roots of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Sequencing of 16S rRNA Clones." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1787-1794.2004.
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ABSTRACT The endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat grown in three different soils obtained from the southeast part of South Australia was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA genes. A new, validated approach was applied to the T-RFLP analysis in order to estimate, to the genus level, the actinobacterial population that was identified. Actinobacterium-biased primers were used together with three restriction enzymes to obtain terminal restriction fragments (TRFs). The TRFs were matched to bacterial genera by the T-RFLP Analysis Program, and the data were analyzed to validate and semiquantify the genera present within the plant roots. The highest diversity and level of endophytic colonization were found in the roots of wheat grown in a dark loam from Swedes Flat, and the lowest were found in water-repellent sand from Western Flat. This molecular approach detected a greater diversity of actinobacteria than did previous culture-dependent methods, with the predominant genera being Mycobacterium (21.02%) in Swedes Flat, Streptomyces (14.35%) in Red Loam, and Kitasatospora (15.02%) in Western Flat. This study indicates that the soil that supported a higher number of indigenous organisms resulted in wheat roots with higher actinobacterial diversity and levels of colonization within the plant tissue. Sequencing of 16S rRNA clones, obtained using the same actinobacterium-biased PCR primers that were used in the T-RFLP analysis, confirmed the presence of the actinobacterial diversity and identified a number of Mycobacterium and Streptomyces species.
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Rao, Pooja, Yasaswini Winchester, Rameshkumar Varatharajan, Gopikrishnan Venugopal, and Radhakrishnan Manikkam. "Bioprospecting of insect nest associated actinobacteria with special reference to antimicrobial and anti HIV activity." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/168rjbt12121.
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The present study attempted to explore actinobacteria from different insect nest samples for antimicrobial activity. Totally, 43 actinobacterial colonies were recovered from ant nest, termite nest, wasp nest and blanket worm nest samples by adopting standard spread plate method. Screening of antimicrobial properties of actinobacterial strains was determined by agar plug method. Two actinobacterial strains AN1 and AN5 showed promising activity (14-18 mm inhibition) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Both the strains produced antimicrobial compound earlier on ISP2 agar when compared to ISP2 broth. Crude extracts from the strains AN1 and AN5 were produced by adopting agar surface fermentation and extracted using ethyl acetate. Based on the studied phenotypic characteristics, actinobacterial strains AN1 and AN5 isolated from ant nest were identified as Streptomyces sp. In addition to antimicrobial activity, extracts also showed anti-HIV activity. This study concluded that insect nest is a promising source for bioactive actinobacteria. Two potential Streptomyces sp. AN1 and AN5 isolated from ant nest will be promising sources for antimicrobial metabolites against drug resistant bacteria, retrovirus and mycobacterial pathogens.
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Benndorf, René, Huijuan Guo, Elisabeth Sommerwerk, Christiane Weigel, Maria Garcia-Altares, Karin Martin, Haofu Hu, et al. "Natural Products from Actinobacteria Associated with Fungus-Growing Termites." Antibiotics 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7030083.
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The chemical analysis of insect-associated Actinobacteria has attracted the interest of natural product chemists in the past years as bacterial-produced metabolites are sought to be crucial for sustaining and protecting the insect host. The objective of our study was to evaluate the phylogeny and bioprospecting of Actinobacteria associated with fungus-growing termites. We characterized 97 Actinobacteria from the gut, exoskeleton, and fungus garden (comb) of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis and used two different bioassays to assess their general antimicrobial activity. We selected two strains for chemical analysis and investigated the culture broth of the axenic strains and fungus-actinobacterium co-cultures. From these studies, we identified the previously-reported PKS-derived barceloneic acid A and the PKS-derived rubterolones. Analysis of culture broth yielded a new dichlorinated diketopiperazine derivative and two new tetracyclic lanthipeptides, named rubrominins A and B. The discussed natural products highlight that insect-associated Actinobacteria are highly prolific natural product producers yielding important chemical scaffolds urgently needed for future drug development programs.
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Ayuningrum, Diah, Aninditia Sabdaningsih, and Oktavianto Eko Jati. "The Potential of Phylogenetically Diverse Culturable Actinobacteria from Litopenaeus vannamei Pond Sediment as Extracellular Proteolytic and Lipolytic Enzyme Producers." Tropical Life Sciences Research 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2022.33.3.10.
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Enzymes are catalysts that can increase the reaction time of a biochemical process. Hydrolytic enzymes have a pivotal role in degrading organic waste in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the ability of actinobacteria isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei pond sediment to produce proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, (2) to identify promising candidates using 16S rRNA gene amplification, and (3) to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA genes. A skim milk agar medium was used in the preliminary experiment of the proteolytic assay, and a Tween 20/80 medium was used in the lipolytic assay. Fifteen and 20 (out of 40) actinobacterial isolates showed great potential for proteolytic and lipolytic activities, respectively. Furthermore, four actinobacteria isolates produced both enzyme types with proteolytic and lipolytic index scores of 1–6.5. The most promising candidates were SA 2.2 (IM8), SC 2.1 (IM6), SD 1.5 (IM6) and SE 1.1 (IM8). BLAST homology results showed a high similarity between the actinobacteria isolates and Streptomyces verucosisporus, S. mangrovicola, S. barkulensis and Nocardiopsis lucentensis, respectively. Therefore, actinobacteria from Litopenaeus vannamei pond sediment are high-potential proteolytic and lipolytic enzyme producers.
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Atikana, A., S. Ratnakomala, I. Nurzijah, M. N. Sari, A. Agnestania, II Aisy, F. Untari, et al. "Uncovering the potential of actinobacterium BLH 1-22 isolated from marine sediment as a producer of antibiotics." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012056.
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Abstract Actinobacteria have been known as producers of many bioactive compounds. The present study examines ten marine Actinobacterial isolates, aiming to investigate their potential as producers of antimicrobial compounds. The secondary metabolites were extracted from these Actinobacteria using ethyl acetate, and the crude extracts were tested for their bioactivity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus. The antibacterial screening showed that the crude extracts of these Actinobacteria inhibit the growth of indicator strains. The extracts of isolate BLH 1-22 were further analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which showed potential compounds with peak and retention time similar to the antibiotic standards (i.e., erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin). In addition to the HPLC profile, molecular identification showed that the isolate BLH 1-22 was similar to Micromonospora chalcea (99.6%). Further genome characterization of the strain, as well as purification and fractionation of the metabolite extracts, are important to obtain a comprehensive study on the potential of isolate BLH 1-22 as antibiotic compound producers. This study reported the potential of Micromonospora BLH 1-22 isolated from marine sediment. Hence, it also highlighted the potential of Actinobacteria isolated from Indonesian environments for bioprospecting studies.
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Nwokolo, Nwabunwanne Lilian, Matthew Chekwube Enebe, Chinyere Blessing Chigor, Wasu Pathom-aree, and Vincent Nnamdigadi Chigor. "The impacts of phage-actinobacterial interactions on the ecological functions of actinobacteria." Microbe 2 (March 2024): 100042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2024.100042.
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Ebrahimi-Zarandi, Marzieh, Roohallah Saberi Riseh, and Mika T. Tarkka. "Actinobacteria as Effective Biocontrol Agents against Plant Pathogens, an Overview on Their Role in Eliciting Plant Defense." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091739.
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Pathogen suppression and induced systemic resistance are suitable alternative biocontrol strategies for integrated plant disease management and potentially comprise a sustainable alternative to agrochemicals. The use of Actinobacteria as biocontrol agents is accepted in practical sustainable agriculture, and a short overview on the plant-beneficial members of this phylum and recent updates on their biocontrol efficacies are the two topics of this review. Actinobacteria include a large portion of microbial rhizosphere communities and colonizers of plant tissues that not only produce pest-antagonistic secondary metabolites and enzymes but also stimulate plant growth. Non-pathogenic Actinobacteria can also induce systemic resistance against pathogens, but the mechanisms are still poorly described. In the absence of a pathogen, a mild defense response is elicited under jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling that involves pathogenesis-related proteins and secondary plant metabolites. Priming response partly includes the same compounds as the response to a sole actinobacterium, and the additional involvement of ethylene signaling has been suggested. Recent amplicon sequencing studies on bacterial communities suggest that future work may reveal how biocontrol active strains of Actinobacteria can be enriched in plant rhizosphere.
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Smati, Maria, and Mahmoud Kitouni. "Diversity of actinobacteria in the marshes of Ezzemoul and Djendli in northeastern Algeria." European Journal of Ecology 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0009.
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Abstract The main purpose of this research is to study the microbial diversity of actinobacteria, living in “Ezzemoul” and “Djendli” sebkhas soils. These salt lakes are situated in the east of Algeria and they are microbiologically underexploited. Such unexplored ecological niches have been considered by many authors as sources of novel actinobacteria and bioactive molecules. Actinobacteria play an important role in safeguarding the environment by improving plant growth through nitrogen fixation, biodegradation, and bioremediation. Therefore, studying the diversity and distribution of actinobacteria in such special environments is important for determining the ecological and biotechnological roles of these microorganisms. In this article, we focused on the occurrence and the diversity of actinobacteria from sebkhas using two techniques: cultural and culture-independent (molecular cloning). The latter are based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene. Thus, the cultural method allowed us to obtain 62 isolates: 40 from the “Ezzemoul” site and 22 from the “Djendli” site. These isolates tolerate mainly 2, 5, and 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) and belong to the genera Nocardiopsis, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus. Moreover, the molecular cloning gave us 39 clones. Twenty-four clone sequences from “Ezzemoul” site are affiliated to the genera Demequina, Plantactinospora, Friedmanniella, and Mycobacterium. Also, 15 clone sequences from “Djendli” site are related to the genera Marmoricola, Phytoactinopolyspora, Streptomyces, and to an unclassified actinobacterial clone. Some sequences from both sites are related to uncultured clones. In addition to the data provided by the cultural method, molecular cloning allowed us to have additional information about the unknown actinobacteria, uncultured ones as well as on the genera that exist in both sites. So, the cultural method is complementary to the culture-independent one, and their combination revealed an important diversity in targeted saline environments. Furthermore, all new isolated strains that tolerate 10% NaCl may have a very interesting biotechnological potential in the future.
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M, Shubha, Ushashi B, Veena S, and Bhaskara Rao Kv. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES VARIABILIS STRAIN-VITUMVB03 ISOLATED FROM KANYAKUMARI MARINE SEDIMENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19250.
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Objective: This study was focused on an evaluation of antimicrobial activity of actinobacterial isolated from Kanyakumari marine sediments.Methods: This study includes sample collection from Kanyakumari beach, followed by isolation of marine actinobacteria, screening for antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. Finally, the most active isolate was identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Marine actinobacteria are one of the leading microbes of the ocean known for producing excellent secondary metabolites and having a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity, hence they are very important from an industrial point of view. The marine sediment sample used was collected from Kanyakumari beach, in the month of July, falling in the latitudinal range of 8.5074°N and in the longitude of 76.9730°E. A total of 8 actinobacterial colonies were isolated by spread plate technique on Actinomycetes isolation agar, Kuster's agar and Starch casein agar. The isolate cultures were designated as UST1- UST8. Among them, UST3 showed a maximum zone of inhibition against clinical pathogens Salmonella typhi and Aspergillus niger with a zone of inhibition of 22mm and 20mm respectively. In solvent extraction study ethyl acetate and hexane was found as best solvents for extraction. Potential isolate UST3 was identified as Streptomyces variabilis using morphological studies and 16S rRNA sequencing. Potential strain was submitted as Streptomyces variabilis- VITUMVB03Conclusion: Results obtained in this study concluded that marine actinobacteria have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.Keywords: Anti-fungal activity, Anti-bacterial activity, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces variabilis
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Messaoudi, Omar, Joachim Wink, and Mourad Bendahou. "Diversity of Actinobacteria Isolated from Date Palms Rhizosphere and Saline Environments: Isolation, Identification and Biological Activity Evaluation." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121853.
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The diversity of cultural Actinobacteria in two types of Algerian Sahara environments, including saline environments and date palms rhizosphere, was investigated. In this study, a total of 40 strains of actinomycetes was isolated from different soil samples, using a rehydration and centrifugation method. Molecular identification, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, revealed that these isolates were affiliated to six clusters corresponding to eight genera, including Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Saccharopolyspora, Actinomadura, Actinocorallia, Micromonospora, Couchioplanes, and Planomonospora. A taxonomic analysis, based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular investigation, of selected strains, which belong to the rare Actinobacteria, was undertaken. Four strains (CG3, A111, A93, and A79) were found to form distinct phyletic lines and represent new actinobacterial taxa. An assessment of antimicrobial proprieties of the 40 obtained actinomycetes strains, showed moderate to strong antimicrobial activities against fungi and bacteria. This study demonstrated the richness of Algerian Sahara with rare Actinobacteria, which can provide novel bioactive metabolites, to solving some of the most challenging problems of the day, such as multi-drug resistance.
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Risdian, C., E. S. Endah, V. Saraswaty, H. A. Wulansari, A. M. Diwan, D. Ratnaningrum, N. A. Hidayati, and T. Mozef. "Production of antibacterial and antioxidant agents by Actinobacteria using soybean meal as a nitrogen source." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1201, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012100.
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Abstract Actinobacteria are mainly found in soil and some of them have properties that are common to bacteria and fungi, despite having quite distinct characteristics. Unlike bacterial colonies in general, which are clearly slimy and grow rapidly, some groups of actinobacteria colonies grow slowly by showing a powdery consistency and are tightly attached to the agar surface. Observations on a colony under the microscope showed that many of them form asexual spores for their reproduction. Many metabolite compounds generated by actinobacteria have promising activities like antioxidant and antagonistic activity against bacteria and fungi. The production of these compounds depends not only on the strain of the organism but also on the medium in which it is grown and the growth conditions. Moreover, agricultural by-products such as soybean meal are known to have high protein content, thus it can be potentially used as an alternative media for actinobacteria. In this research, ten actinobacterial strains were isolated from the soil. After seven days of cultivation with the medium containing soybean meal, the cultures were subjected to ethyl acetate extraction. Five extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis with a zone of inhibition ranging from 10–14 mm. One extract could strongly inhibit Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of 21 mm. However, none of them were active against Escherichia coli. Five extracts demonstrated antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity with more than 40%.
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Dos Santos, Franciandro Dantas, Juliani Barbosa De Sousa, Valéria Maria Araújo Silva, Leonardo Lima Bandeira, Valéria Borges Da Silva, Paulo Ivan Fernandes Júnior, Suzana Cláudia Silveira Martins, and Claudia Miranda Martins. "Enzymatic Profile of Actinobacteria Across a Desertification Gradient in the Brazilian Semiarid Region." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 1 (November 15, 2023): e04416. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-041.
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Objective: This study aimed to determine the enzymatic profile for xylanase, amylase, cellulase and pectinase in areas with different levels of desertification, in order to investigate how this process influences the enzymatic variation of actinobacteria.
Method: Soil samples were collected from areas susceptible to desertification with different levels of vegetation cover in the Brazilian semiarid region. The enzymatic activities of 46 actinobacterial strains isolated from these areas were evaluated using specific culture media. Enzymatic indices were calculated and correlated with soil physicochemical properties.
Results: There was a significant difference in enzymatic activity according to the desertification gradient. Xylanase exhibited the highest enzymatic index, followed by pectinase, amylase and cellulase. The open area showed better performance for xylan degradation, indicating that lack of vegetation cover and low nutrient availability influenced this enzymatic activity.
Conclusion: The actinobacterial strains have potential for producing functional enzymes across a desertification gradient. Xylanase was the most frequent, suggesting adaptation of actinobacteria to degradation of complex plant polysaccharides in nutrient deprived soils.
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de Menezes, Alexandre B., Miranda T. Prendergast-Miller, Pabhon Poonpatana, Mark Farrell, Andrew Bissett, Lynne M. Macdonald, Peter Toscas, Alan E. Richardson, and Peter H. Thrall. "C/N Ratio Drives Soil Actinobacterial Cellobiohydrolase Gene Diversity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 9 (February 20, 2015): 3016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00067-15.
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ABSTRACTCellulose accounts for approximately half of photosynthesis-fixed carbon; however, the ecology of its degradation in soil is still relatively poorly understood. The role of actinobacteria in cellulose degradation has not been extensively investigated despite their abundance in soil and known cellulose degradation capability. Here, the diversity and abundance of the actinobacterial glycoside hydrolase family 48 (cellobiohydrolase) gene in soils from three paired pasture-woodland sites were determined by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and clone libraries with gene-specific primers. For comparison, the diversity and abundance of general bacteria and fungi were also assessed. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 80 clones revealed significant new diversity of actinobacterial GH48 genes, and analysis of translated protein sequences showed that these enzymes are likely to represent functional cellobiohydrolases. The soil C/N ratio was the primary environmental driver of GH48 community compositions across sites and land uses, demonstrating the importance of substrate quality in their ecology. Furthermore, mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry-predicted humic organic carbon was distinctly more important to GH48 diversity than to total bacterial and fungal diversity. This suggests a link between the actinobacterial GH48 community and soil organic carbon dynamics and highlights the potential importance of actinobacteria in the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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Gangotry, M., S. U. Nandhini, G. Vijayalashmi, K. Manigundan, B. Abirami, and M. Radhakrishnan. "Isolation and bioactive potentials of Streptomyces from Tripura forest soil, North-east India." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 6 (November 15, 2022): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/6/mrn-1740.
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Aim: The bioactive potential of Actinobacteria from Tripura forest soil, Northeast India was investigated in this study. Methodology: Sixty seven actinobacterial isolates recovered from six soil samples were screened for antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The production of antimicrobial metabolites from the potential strain TFA59 was done by both solid state and submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial compounds were further extracted using ethyl acetate as solvent and the activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The actinobacterial strain TFA59 was characterized based on its phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Results: Antimicrobial activity was exhibited by 28 actinobacterial cultures against atleast one of the test pathogens. Among the solvents tested for extraction, only ethyl acetate extract exhibited activity against S. aureus (21 mm) and C. albicans (23 mm). The production of antimicrobial compounds by TFA59 was influenced by raffinose, starch, yeast extract and pH 7 when compared with other variables. Based on the phenotypic and molecular characterization, the strain TFA59 was identified as a species of the genus Streptomyces. Interpretation: This study concluded that the Streptomyces strains isolated from Tripura forest soil show potential in producing bioactive metabolites that are effective against wide range of pathogens. Key words: Actinobacteria, Antimicrobial, Bioprospecting, North-east India, Streptomyces
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Shirokikh, I. G., N. A. Bokov, E. V. Dabakh, L. V. Kondakova, and T. Ya Ashikhmina. "Diversity of active bacterial communities in the disposal sites of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise." Theoretical and Applied Ecology, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-174-183.
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The composition and taxonomic structure of the phylum Actinobacteria were studied on the example of technosols formed on the territory of the former tailings of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise in the floodplain of the Vyatka River. The diversity of actinobacteria in soil samples taken from three spatially remote monitoring sites (SG, SU1 and SU2), differing in the complex of physico-chemical properties and the nature of the vegetation cover, was studied. The results were compared with the background soil (BS) – alluvial soil selected on the territory of the Nurgush State Nature Reserve. The studies were carried out using high-performance sequencing using Illumina technology and the culture method (seeding). The culture method revealed representatives of the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium and a number of oligospore forms in the actinobacterial complexes. The total number of actinomycetes in the samples of technosols varied from 2.4·104 to 1.8·105 CFU/g, and in the background soil was 8.5·103 CFU/g. Families of actinomycetes established by the seeding method were also detected using the amplicon sequencing of the V4 section of the 16S rRNA gene, but the molecular method made it possible to identify a number of other taxa in the studied samples, including those that do not have cultured representatives or are not yet classified. Using amplicon sequencing, it was found that representatives of the phylum Actinobacteria in samples of technogenically disturbed soils are absolute dominants in relative abundance in the total bacterial diversity. The proportion of actinobacteria in disturbed soils ranges from 33 to 41%, while in the background soil it is only 22%. Actinobacteria in the samples of technosols were represented by the families Micromonosporaceae, Micrococcaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Actinosynnemataceae, and Intrasporangiaceae, etc. The taxonomic spectrum of actinobacteria in the BS sample was similar to technosols, but the proportion of taxa was different. The results obtained will be used in further studies of soil actinobiota in connection with changes in ecosystems disrupted by human economic activity, and are also of interest for the search and isolation of natural strains of actinobacteria for biotechnology purposes.
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Kothe, Erika. "Special Focus: Actinobacteria." Journal of Basic Microbiology 58, no. 9 (September 2018): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201870028.
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Lestari, Yulin, Lia Aseptin Murdini, and Dedy Duryadi Solihin. "The Existence of Endophytic Actinobacteria from Rhododendron zoelerri Revealed by Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Approaches." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 25, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.25.2.54.
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Endophytic actinobacteria from medicinal plant may play a significant role in producing bioactive compounds. The information regarding their diversity is an important. Rhododendron are traditionally used for treating human disorders. One of the selected Rhododendron used in this study was R. zoelleri from Papua origin, which has been conserved and grown in Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to assess the existence of endophytic actinobacteria from R. zoelleri based on a culture-dependent and their community structure based on a culture-independent approach. Culturable actinobacteria were isolated and cultured on HV medium. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) targeting the metagenomic 16S rRNA was used to analyse the structure of the actinobacterial community. Six culturable endophytic actinobacteria (200 cfu/g fresh weight) from R. zoelleri were successfully isolated, three isolates from leaf, and the other isolates were obtained from stem. The six culturable isolates were RZP 1.3, RZP 1.1, RZP 2.2, RZPB 1.1, RZPB 7.1, RZPB 4.1. Based on their morphological characteristics, the endophytes have Streptomyces characters. The existence of Streptomyces spp. were also confirmed with molecular analysis based on 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene to the reference strains available in EzTaxon-e database showed that six isolates were closely related to S. djakartensis strains of NBRC 15409ᵀ(99.19%), S. tritolerans strains of DAS 165T(99.90%), S. coelicoflavus strains of NBRC 15399T(99.59). However, they showed differences in morphological characteristics as compared with the reference strains. The metagenomic analysis of the DGGE profile based on 16S rRNA gene showed the community structure of endophytic actinobacteria from R. zoelleri which was represented by 13 DGGE bands. The bands were closely related to Agromyces, Gordonia, Microbacterium, Micromonospora, Propionibacterium, Saccharomonospora, Streptomyces which have 93.18%-100% similarity. Based on the data, it showed diversity of endophytic actinobacteria from R. zoelleri which may be further assess for their novelty and bioprospecting.
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Liu, Shao-Wei, Norovsuren Jadambaa, Arina A. Nikandrova, Ilya A. Osterman, and Cheng-Hang Sun. "Exploring the Diversity and Antibacterial Potentiality of Cultivable Actinobacteria from the Soil of the Saxaul Forest in Southern Gobi Desert in Mongolia." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050989.
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Saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) is the most widespread plant community in the Gobi Desert in Mongolia, which plays important roles in wind control, sand fixation and water conservation. Investigations of soil-derived actinobacteria inhabiting in the saxaul forest in Gobi Desert in Mongolia have been scarce. In this study, biodiversity of culturable actinobacteria isolated from soil of the saxaul forest in Southern Gobi Aimak (Southern Gobi Province) of Mongolia was characterized and their potential to produce compounds with antibacterial activities was assessed. A total of 172 actinobacterial strains were recovered by culture-based approaches and were phylogenetically affiliated into 22 genera in 13 families of seven orders. Forty-nine actinobacterial isolates were selected to evaluate the antibacterial activities and their underlying mechanism of action was screened by means of a dual-fluorescent reporter assay (pDualrep2). Twenty-three isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against at least one of the tested pathogens, of which two Streptomyces strains can attenuate protein translation by ribosome stalling. Combinational strategies based on modern metabolomics, including bioassay-guided thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based structural annotation and enhanced molecular networking successfully annotated chloramphenicol, althiomycin and granaticin and their derivatives as the antibacterial compounds from extracts in three Streptomyces strains, respectively. This work demonstrates that UPLC-MS/MS-based structural identification and enhanced molecular networking are effective strategies to rapidly illuminate the bioactive chemicals in the microbial extracts. Meanwhile, our results show that the saxaul forest in Mongolia Gobi Desert is a prospective source for discovering novel actinobacteria and biologically active compounds.
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Chaiya, Leardwiriyakool, Jaturong Kumla, Nakarin Suwannarach, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, and Saisamorn Lumyong. "Isolation, Characterization, and Efficacy of Actinobacteria Associated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spores in Promoting Plant Growth of Chili (Capsicum flutescens L.)." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061274.
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Nowadays, microorganisms that display plant growth promoting properties are significantly interesting for their potential role in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. This research study proposed the isolation of the actinobacteria associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores and the investigation of their plant growth promoting properties in the in vitro assay. Three actinobacterial strains were obtained and identified to the genus Streptomyces (GETU-1 and GIG-1) and Amycolatopsis (GLM-2). The results indicated that all actinobacterial strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and were positive in terms of siderophore, endoglucanase, and ammonia productions. In the in vitro assay, all strains were grown in the presence of water activity within a range of 0.897 to 0.998, pH values within a range of 5–11, and in the presence of 2.5% NaCl for the investigation of drought, pH, and salt tolerances, respectively. Additionally, all strains were able to tolerate commercial insecticides (propargite and methomyl) and fungicides (captan) at the recommended dosages for field applications. Only, Amycolatopsis sp. GLM-2 showed tolerance to benomyl at the recommended dose. All the obtained actinobacteria were characterized as plant growth promoting strains by improving the growth of chili plants (Capsicum flutescens L.). Moreover, the co-inoculation treatment of the obtained actinobacteria and AMF (Claroideoglomus etunicatum) spores could significantly increase plant growth, contribute to the chlorophyll index, and enhance fruit production in chili plants. Additionally, the highest value of AMF spore production and the greatest percentage of root colonization were observed in the treatment that had been co-inoculated with Streptomyces sp. GETU-1.
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Ibrahimi, Manar, Wassila Korichi, Mohamed Hafidi, Laurent Lemee, Yedir Ouhdouch, and Souad Loqman. "Marine Actinobacteria: Screening for Predation Leads to the Discovery of Potential New Drugs against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria." Antibiotics 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020091.
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Predatory bacteria constitute a heterogeneous group of prokaryotes able to lyse and feed on the cellular constituents of other bacteria in conditions of nutrient scarcity. In this study, we describe the isolation of Actinobacteria predator of other bacteria from the marine water of the Moroccan Atlantic coast. Only 4 Actinobacteria isolates showing strong predation capability against native or multidrug-resistant Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria were identified among 142 isolated potential predatory bacteria. These actinobacterial predators were shown to belong to the Streptomyces genus and to inhibit the growth of various native or multidrug-resistant micro-organisms, including Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus (native and methicillin-resistant), and Escherichia coli (native and ampicillin-resistant). Even if no clear correlation could be established between the antibacterial activities of the selected predator Actinobacteria and their predatory activity, we cannot exclude that some specific bio-active secondary metabolites were produced in this context and contributed to the killing and lysis of the bacteria. Indeed, the co-cultivation of Actinobacteria with other bacteria is known to lead to the production of compounds that are not produced in monoculture. Furthermore, the production of specific antibiotics is linked to the composition of the growth media that, in our co-culture conditions, exclusively consisted of the components of the prey living cells. Interestingly, our strategy led to the isolation of bacteria with interesting inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Coombs, Justin T., and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Isolation and Identification of Actinobacteria from Surface-Sterilized Wheat Roots." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 9 (September 2003): 5603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.9.5603-5608.2003.
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ABSTRACT This is the first report of filamentous actinobacteria isolated from surface-sterilized root tissues of healthy wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat roots from a range of sites across South Australia were used as the source material for the isolation of the endophytic actinobacteria. Roots were surface-sterilized by using ethanol and sodium hypochlorite prior to the isolation of the actinobacteria. Forty-nine of these isolates were identified by using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing and found to belong to a small group of actinobacterial genera including Streptomyces, Microbispora, Micromonospora, and Nocardiodes spp. Many of the Streptomyces spp. were found to be similar, on the basis of their 16S rDNA gene sequence, to Streptomyces spp. that had been isolated from potato scabs. In particular, several isolates exhibited high 16S rDNA gene sequence homology to Streptomyces caviscabies and S. setonii. None of these isolates, nor the S. caviscabies and S. setonii type strains, were found to carry the nec1 pathogenicity-associated gene or to produce the toxin thaxtomin, indicating that they were nonpathogenic. These isolates were recovered from healthy plants over a range of geographically and temporally isolated sampling events and constitute an important plant-microbe interaction.
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backera, Rineesha. "Plant growth promoting actinobacteria from rhizosphere soils of black pepper in Wayanad." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 5 (June 24, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/031.
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Actinobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soils of black pepper comprising both flood affected and non-flood affected areas of Wayanad district. Among different soil samples analysed, Puttad (Ptd) recorded significantly superior actinobacterial population on starch casein aga, Kenknight & Munaier’s agar and actinomycetes isolation agar. Actinobacterial colonies could not be detected in any of the flooded soil samples on any medium, even at a dilution of 10-1, except in Meppadi soil, which recorded a low population of 0.3x101cfu g-1 soil. Starch casein agar is best media to isolate actinobacteria from soil samples compared to other two media. The cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of thirty-five isolates was carried out. Further the isolates were evaluated for their plant growth promoting traits such as IAA production, nitrogen fixation, P, K and Zn solubilization. The isolates Ptd-A and Amb-C were found to be significantly superior to all other isolates, with IAA production of 15.9 g ml-1 and 15.38 g ml-1 respectively. The four isolates viz. Ptd-A, Ptd-E, Ptd-B and Ptr-A recorded significantly superior nitrogen fixation and the phosphate solubilized was significantly higher in Ptd-E, Ptd-D, Ptr-E, Ptd-A and Ptr-A, as compared to other isolates. All isolates were negative to K and Zn solubilization. Based on in vitro evaluations, three isolates were shortlisted (Ptd-A, Ptd-E and Ptr-A) and subjected to in vivo evaluation for growth promotion in black pepper (variety Panniyur 1). Rooted plants of black pepper were raised in sterile potting mixture. Bioinoculants applied at the time of planting and 45 days after planting. The PGPR Mix-1 and Organic Package of Practices Recommendations (2017) were used for comparison with the microbial inoculants along with control. In the in-planta experiment, biometric characters were recorded at monthly intervals, up to five months. The actinobacterial treatment, T1: Ptd-E, T2: Ptd-A and T3: Ptr-A showed significant increase in shoot length, number of leaves and internode length throughout the growth period from planting to five MAP. Significantly higher root growth was observed in treatment T2: Ptd-A, with significantly higher root volume, fresh and root weight. The potential actinobacteria were identified Ptd-A and Ptr-A as Streptomyces sp. and Ptd-A as Actinobacteria bacterium using 16S r RNA gene sequencing.
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Ayswarya, S., K. Manigundan, G. Vijayalakshmi, and M. Radhakrishnan. "Antibacterial activity of siderophores from marine actinobacteria against Gram negative bacterial pathogens." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/2/mrn-1943.
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Aim: To study the siderophore production and antibacterial activity of actinobacteria isolated from mangrove plants and sediments. Methodology: In the present study, 112 actinobacterial strains were recovered from mangrove rhizosphere sediments and plants collected from Andaman Islands and mangrove zones at Vellar estuary, Parangipettai, South India. All the strains were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Providencia stuartii, Salmonella paratyphi and Klebsiella pneumoniae and also studied for siderophore production. Results: In total, 13 actinobacterial strains showed broad spectrum of activity against all the five Gram negative bacterial pathogens tested with zone of inhibition ranging between 9.2 to 18.7 mm. In CAS assay,14 actinobacterial strains were found to produce siderophore. Among them, strain MEA 11 was found to produce 88% siderophore in iron free succinate broth. Results of CAS plate assay and FeCl3 test revealed that the siderophore produced by the strain MEA11 as hydroxamate type. In optimization study, variables such as glucose (17.7±0.9 and 17.7±0.3), malt extract (14.7±0.9 and 15.0±0.6) and MgSO4 (12.0±0.6 and 12.3±0.3) were found to influence siderophore production and antimicrobial activity. Further, this multi potentialstrain MEA 11 was characterized and identified as Streptomyces tendae. Interpretation: These results revealed that the marine ecosystem of Andaman coastal area and Parangipettai region harbored a rich consortium of many bioactive actinobacteria, which could synthesize novel bioactive compounds of pharmacological significance.
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Rebai, Hadjer, Essam Nageh Sholkamy, Reem Mohammed Alharbi, Neveen Abdel-Raouf, Oumeima Boufercha, Paula Castro, and Allaoueddine Boudemagh. "Streptomyces sp. Strain SRH22: A Potential Bioremediation Agent for Glyphosate-Contaminated Agricultural Soils." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 21, no. 6 (October 24, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/21/20230181.
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Glyphosate, also known as N-phosphonomethylglycine, is the herbicide that is widely used across the globe. As there are concerns over its potential toxicity to non-target soil species, there is a growing interest in identifying glyphosate-degrading microorganisms in soil. Biodegradation, by actinobacteria, is a very promising approach to eliminate this pesticide from contaminated environments. The present work isolated and identified actinobacteria capable of degrading glyphosate from Saharan agriculture, as well as determined how the application of this herbicide affects the abundance of actinobacteria present in soil. It was observed that the use of glyphosate led to an increased abundance of actinobacteria in the soil compared to the untreated soil. Among this population, an actinobacterial strain was isolated from glyphosate contaminated soil by the enrichment method, and was identified to possess the greatest capability to degrade glyphosate at 50 mg/L. The identification of this strain was achieved through a combination of cultural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. This included the use of 16S rDNA sequencing, leading to its successful classification as Streptomyces sp. strain SRH22. This strain was assigned the accession number OQ302556 by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A rapid, sensitive, and straightforward spectrophotometric technique was employed for the quantification of glyphosate. Results showed that the optimal biodegradation (90.2%) was obtained under a temperature of 30 degrees, a PH of 7.2, and an inoculum volume of 4% timed over six days. This work shows that the Streptomyces SRH22 presents good potentiality to be used as a bioremediation agent for agricultural soils in the Algerian Sahara.
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Hu, Dini, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee, Kai Li, and Kai Meng Mok. "Secondary Metabolite Production Potential of Mangrove-Derived Streptomyces olivaceus." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060332.
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Mangroves are intertidal extreme environments with rich microbial communities. Actinobacteria are well known for producing antibiotics. The search for biosynthetic potential of Actinobacteria from mangrove environments could provide more possibilities for useful secondary metabolites. In this study, whole genome sequencing and MS/MS analysis were used to explore the secondary metabolite production potential of one actinobacterial strain of Streptomyces olivaceus sp., isolated from a mangrove in Macau, China. The results showed that a total of 105 gene clusters were found in the genome of S. olivaceus sp., and 53 known secondary metabolites, including bioactive compounds, peptides, and other products, were predicted by genome mining. There were 28 secondary metabolites classified as antibiotics, which were not previously known from S. olivaceus. ISP medium 2 was then used to ferment the S. olivaceus sp. to determine which predicted secondary metabolite could be truly produced. The chemical analysis revealed that ectoine, melanin, and the antibiotic of validamycin A could be observed in the fermentation broth. This was the first observation that these three compounds can be produced by a strain of S. olivaceus. Therefore, it can be concluded that Actinobacteria isolated from the mangrove environment have unknown potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites.
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Sottorff, Ignacio, Sven Künzel, Jutta Wiese, Matthias Lipfert, Nils Preußke, Frank Sönnichsen, and Johannes Imhoff. "Antitumor Anthraquinones from an Easter Island Sea Anemone: Animal or Bacterial Origin?" Marine Drugs 17, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17030154.
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The presence of two known anthraquinones, Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B, which have antitumor activity, has been identified in the sea anemone (Gyractis sesere) from Easter Island. So far, these anthraquinones have been characterized from terrestrial and marine Actinobacteria only. In order to identify the anthraquinones producer, we isolated Actinobacteria associated with the sea anemone and obtained representatives of seven actinobacterial genera. Studies of cultures of these bacteria by HPLC, NMR, and HRLCMS analyses showed that the producer of Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B indeed was one of the isolated Actinobacteria. The producer strain, SN26_14.1, was identified as a representative of the genus Verrucosispora. Genome analysis supported the biosynthetic potential to the production of these compounds by this strain. This study adds Verrucosispora as a new genus to the anthraquinone producers, in addition to well-known species of Streptomyces and Micromonospora. By a cultivation-based approach, the responsibility of symbionts of a marine invertebrate for the production of complex natural products found within the animal’s extracts could be demonstrated. This finding re-opens the debate about the producers of secondary metabolites in sea animals. Finally, it provides valuable information about the chemistry of bacteria harbored in the geographically-isolated and almost unstudied, Easter Island.
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Yadav, Neelam, and Ajar Nath Yadav. "Actinobacteria for sustainable agriculture." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00172.
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Actinobacteria is a phylum and class of Gram-positive bacteria. The phylum Actinobacteria are classified into six classes namely Acidimicrobiia, Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Nitriliruptoria, Rubrobacteria and Thermoleophilia. Members of phylum Actinobacteria are ubiquitous in nature. Actinobacteria can be utilized as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture as they can enhance plant growth and soil health though different plant growth promoting attributes such as solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc, production of Fe-chelating compounds, phytohormones hormones such indole acetic acids, cytokinin, and gibberellins as well as by biological nitrogen fixation. The Actinobacteria also plays an important role in mitigation of different abiotic stress conditions in plants. The members of phylum Actinobacteria such as Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Bifidobacterium, Cellulomonas, Clavibacter, Corynebacterium, Frankia, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus, Sanguibacter and Streptomyces exhibited the multifarious plant growth promoting attributes and could be used as biofertilizers for crops growing under natural as well as under the abiotic stress conditions for plant growth and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Yadav, Neelam, and Ajar Nath Yadav. "Actinobacteria for sustainable agriculture." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00172.
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Actinobacteria is a phylum and class of Gram-positive bacteria. The phylum Actinobacteria are classified into six classes namely Acidimicrobiia, Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Nitriliruptoria, Rubrobacteria and Thermoleophilia. Members of phylum Actinobacteria are ubiquitous in nature. Actinobacteria can be utilized as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture as they can enhance plant growth and soil health though different plant growth promoting attributes such as solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc, production of Fe-chelating compounds, phytohormones hormones such indole acetic acids, cytokinin, and gibberellins as well as by biological nitrogen fixation. The Actinobacteria also plays an important role in mitigation of different abiotic stress conditions in plants. The members of phylum Actinobacteria such as Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Bifidobacterium, Cellulomonas, Clavibacter, Corynebacterium, Frankia, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus, Sanguibacter and Streptomyces exhibited the multifarious plant growth promoting attributes and could be used as biofertilizers for crops growing under natural as well as under the abiotic stress conditions for plant growth and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Tarao, Mitsunori, Jan Jezbera, and Martin W. Hahn. "Involvement of Cell Surface Structures in Size-Independent Grazing Resistance of Freshwater Actinobacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 14 (June 5, 2009): 4720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00251-09.
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ABSTRACT We compared the influences of grazing by the bacterivorous nanoflagellate Poterioochromonas sp. strain DS on ultramicrobacterial Actinobacteria affiliated with the Luna-2 cluster and ultramicrobacterial Betaproteobacteria of the species Polynucleobacter cosmopolitanus. These bacteria were almost identical in size (<0.1 μm3) and shape. Predation on a Polynucleobacter strain resulted in a reduction of >86% relative to the initial bacterial cell numbers within 20 days, while in comparable predation experiments with nine actinobacterial strains, no significant decrease of cell numbers by predation was observed over the period of ≥39 days. The differences in predation mortality between the actinobacterial strains and the Polynucleobacter strain clearly demonstrated size-independent grazing resistance for the investigated Actinobacteria. Importantly, this size-independent grazing resistance is shared by all nine investigated Luna-2 strains and thus represents a group-specific trait. We investigated if an S-layer, previously observed in an ultrastructure study, was responsible for the grazing resistance of these strains. Experiments aiming for removal of the S-layer or modification of cell surface proteins of one of the grazing-resistant strains by treatment with lithium chloride, EDTA, or formaldehyde resulted in 4.2- to 5.2-fold higher grazing rates in comparison to the levels for untreated cells. These results indicate the protective role of a proteinaceous cell surface structure in the size-independent grazing resistance of the actinobacterial Luna-2 strains, which can be regarded as a group-specific trait.