Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Actinides – Structure'
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Hilaire, Sandrine. "Etude de la stabilisation des hauts degrés d'oxydation des actinides." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112031.
Full textEarly actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am) in a high oxidation state show a particular linear structure in bonding with pi-donor ligands (O, NR,. . . ). The diminution of the charge on the metallic centre due to the electronic donation from the equatorial and axial ligands allow the existence of high oxidation states for the light actinide. The particularity of the actinide stands in the fact that An 5f orbitals can take part in chemical bonding because of a partial delocalisation. In order to understand this behaviour, a study of the electronic and the geometric structure is undertaken using both theorical and experimental approaches : - Modelling of geometry and IR vibrational frequencies of compounds with formula AnO2L2n+(H2O)3 (An= U(VI) 5f0, Np(V) 5f2, Np(VI) 5f1 and Np(VII) 5f°, L=CI-, Br-, F-, CO32- and OH-) were performed by the density functional theory (DFT) using Gaussian and ADF software. Bond population and molecular orbitals composition were essentially studied. - Hydroxide, carbonate and oxalate of Neptunium (+V) and (+VI) were synthesized with the aim to study the electronic properties by different experimental way: magnetism susceptibility (SQUID), Mossbauer, XPS measurements and vibrationals spectroscopy's. - Uranium studies are focused on the water free compounds UO2Cl2(THF)3, UO2(OPPh3)4(Otf)2 and UO2(OTf)2, exhibiting more covalent bonds in the equatorial plane
O'Brien, Kieran. "Electronic structure and bonding in pyrrolic macrocycle-supported complexes of actinides." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electronic-structure-and-bonding-in-pyrrolic-macrocyclesupported-complexes-of-actinides(9c8ab96e-0e0d-4cca-aaa2-ef30102fbcc2).html.
Full textYe, Gaoyang. "Thermodynamic and structural investigations on the interactions between actinides and phosphonate-based ligands." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS286/document.
Full textFor exposed person who suffers from contamination from nuclear accidents (Chernobyl, Fukushima) or depleted uranium in war zones, decontamination is required to reduce the sequence damage of radionuclide intake. After an external or internal contamination, the solubilized actinides could be distributed to the target organs (skeletal, liver, kidneys tissues, etc.) via the bloodstream. Considering the dispersion, fate and health effect of the actinides, chelation therapy is an effective decorporation method to promote the excretion of deposited actinides to reduce the health risk. Due to the defect on weak distribution rate to the target organs (bone, liver, kidneys) of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) which currently used in clinics, plenty chelation agents were synthesized and tested in vitro or in vivo. In this project, several polyaminophosphonates ligands, a series ligand originally designed for MRI contrast and SPECT agents, were synthesized according to the properties of ligand bio-distribution, functional groups, coordination site and lipophilic. Then the structural and thermodynamic studies were done with the complexes between metal ion such as uranium(VI) and europium(III) (as americium/curium(III) analogue), and polyaminophosphonates ligands. The sphere of coordination of these cations was observed by UV-visible spectroscopy, TRLFS, FT-IR and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). The affinity study was done with UV-visible spectroscopy. Finally, the UV-visible spectroscopy and TRLFS were used to test the stability of uranyl ligand complex with competition metal ion in biological conditions and to reveal the interactions between the ternary system, uranyl ion/ligand/calmodulin. These results allow to better understand the chemical affinity and possible chelation mechanism of the polyaminophosphonates ligands for the above actinides and therefore to promote the design of new chelation agents
Kervazo, Sophie. "Computational actinide chemistry : structure, bonding and thermodynamics." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R042/document.
Full textThe main question of this thesis is: do we have today the tools to efficiently describe the structure, the bonding and the thermodynamics of actinide systems? This broad question is answered thanks to three studies. The first two are directly applied to the plastic industry and the nuclear plant safety. The last one, more fundamental, concerns the benchmarking of newly developed theoretical approach on f-element systems.First, actinides and transition metal arene-coordinated alkyl cations have been recently proven to be efficient catalysts for ethylene polymerizations. Interestingly, thorium, uranium and zirconium alkyl cations’ catalytic activity depends on the solvent. To understand these behaviors and to confirm the tendency of these complexes to engage in unusual-arene coordination, relativistic DFT calculations combined with a characterization of the interaction thanks to the ETS-NOCV method are used. Second, in accident scenario along the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, plutonium can be released in various volatile forms (PuO2, PuO3 or PuO2(OH)2, …). The exploration of these scenarios by the use of simulations requires, among the various parameters, the knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the possibly formed elements. Our in-silico study focusses on the determination of the enthalpies of formation of the former two species for which experimental uncertainties remain, using multi-configurational relativistic wavefunction method. The last part of the thesis focusses on the benchmark of the B2-PLYP functional for f-element systems, which turns out quite accurate with respect to the experimental data and the gold-standard CCSD(T) method
Gasnier, Estelle. "Etude structurale et propriétés des verres peralumineux de conditionnement des produits de fission et actinides mineurs"." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965076.
Full textDodane, Catherine. "Dommages d'irradiation dans des céramiques de structure spinelle MGAl2O4 et ZNAl2O4- : application à la transmutation des déchets nucléaires." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112013.
Full textThe transmutation of minor actinides in-reactor is one solution currently being studied for the long time management of nuclear waste. In the heterogeneous concept the radionuclides are incorporating in an inert ceramic matrix. The support material must be insensitive to radiation damage. Fission product damage is the main radiation damage source during the transmutation process and therefore it is of the utmost importance to study their effects. We irradiated spinels MgA12O4 (matrix of reference) and ZnAl2O4 by fast ions (by example: (86)Kr of approximately 400MeV) simulating the fission products. Under these conditions, the damage is primarily due to the electronic energy losses (Se). One of the structural features of spinel AB2O4 is that the two cations (A(2+) and B(3+)) can exchange their site. This phenomenon is quantified by the inversion parameter. We highlight by XRD in grazing incidence that the structural changes observed in MgAl2O4 correspond to an order-disorder transition from the cation sub-networks and not to a phase shift as described in the literature. Using other techniques characterizing the space group (Raman spectroscopy) as well as the local order (NMR 27Al, spectroscopy of absorption X with the thresholds K of Al and Zn), we confirm this interpretation. Moreover, for a fluence of 101̂4 ions/cm2̂, the loss of the order at long distance is observed thus meaning a beginning of amorphization of material. The ZnA12O4 spinel presents the same behavior. For this last spinel, an evolution of the inversion parameter according to the stopping power to power 2 was highlighted after irradiation by ions (86)Kr from approximately 20MeV. We illustrate our study by the analysis of the results obtained in XRD of an irradiation out of composite fuel (MgAl2O4 + UO2) called THERMHET
Castro, Ludovic. "Étude théorique de la structure et de la réactivité de complexes de lanthanides et d'actinides : activation de petites molécules." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1706/.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents a theoretical study of the structure and the reactivity of organometallic complexes of lanthanides and actinides at the DFT level. After a general introduction of the methods of theoretical chemistry used for the modelling of organometallic reactivity, a study of the participation of 5f electrons in uranium(IV) reactivity is presented. The results show that the large core ECP can be used safely in order to treat the actinide and so that 5f electrons can be treated implicitly. Then, the reactivity of uranium(III) complexes with CO2 and other analogous molecules is studied via multiple examples from the literature. These studies show that the steric nature of the ligands is very important and controls the reactivity. This study is then extended to samarium(II) complex. Eventually, the reactivity of a hydride complex of cerium(III) with MeOSO2Me is investigated and theoretical results are compared with experimental observations
Lemonnier, Stéphane. "Synthèse par voie douce d'oxydes polymétalliques incluant des actinides : réactivité et structure de la solution au solide." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066056.
Full textLemonnier, Stéphane. "Synthèse par voie douce d'oxydes polymétalliques incluant des actinides : réactivité et structure de la solution au solide /." [Gif-sur-Yvette] : [CEA Saclay, Direction des systèmes d'information], 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41067551t.
Full textLa couv. et la p. de titre portent en plus : "Direction de l'énergie nucléaire" Bibliogr. p. 122-132. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Lutique, Stéphanie. "Etude de zirconates de structure pyrochlore en tant que matrice pour la transmutation ou le conditionnement des actinides mineurs." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112080.
Full textThe "Bataille" law gives orientations for nuclear waste management optimisation, which includes the partitioning of the most radiotoxic elements (the actinides and some fission products) in order to transmute them into less radiotoxic elements or to store for long term. For both applications a matrix with specific criteria is needed to incorporate the radionuclides. The aim of this work was the study of a potential matrix for the transmutation or the storage of actinides after their partitioning: pyrochlore zirconate, which general formula is A2Zr2O7, where A is a lanthanide or a actinide. A fabrication process was developed leading to the production of neodymium zirconate with a density higher than 95 % of the theoretical density. The method of infiltration of active solution in an inactive precursor permitted to incorporate plutonium and uranium and to produce highly dense pellet with pyrochlore structure and general formula Nd(1,57)[Pu/U](0,43)Zr2O(7+y). Using three calorimetric techniques, the lanthanide zirconate heat capacity was measured in the temperature range [0. 4 -1400 K]. The thermal diffusivity of the neodymium zirconate was determined between 400 and 1400 K and its thermal conductivity was deduced in the same temperature range, yielding to the constant value of 1,33 W. M^(-1). S^(-l). Using this value, the thermal behaviour of a zirconate based fuel was numerically simulated. The radiation resistance of the neodymium zirconate was tested using ion implanted with several energy by accelerator in order to simulate fission products and alpha recoil atoms. Finally He ions were implanted in the matrix and their release was monitored using a Knudsen cell. Basis on all those results, it appears that pyrochlore zirconates could be used as inert matrix for the transmutation only as inclusions in composites. However, a complementary study of the compound behaviour against leaching is needed before to be able to conclude concerning it use as waste form for actinides storage
Gausse, Clémence. "Synthèse et dissolution de matrices phosphatées de structure monazitique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT217/document.
Full textIn the context of the French research law dedicated to the radioactive waste management, several ceramics were proposed for the specific conditioning of actinides. Among them, monazites and monazite/cheralite solid solutions were particularly considered in this work.Thus, monazites LnPO4 (Ln = La → Gd) were prepared by thermal conversion of low-temperature rhabdophane precursors, LnPO4•0.667H2O. From synchrotron experiments, the crystal structure of rhabdophane was solved. It was found to be monoclinic (space group C2) as monazite (space group P21/n).The multiparametric study of the kinetics of dissolution of monazites LnPO4 (Ln = La → Gd) was performed in nitric acid solutions and using dynamic conditions. The normalized dissolution rates remained very low whatever the acidity, the temperature, and the lanthanide element considered. The partial order of the reaction related to the protons activity varied from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.3. Moreover, the apparent activation energy of the dissolution mechanism was found to vary with temperature, suggesting a change in the rate-limiting step. The decrease of the apparent activation energy for T ≥ 313 K was assigned to the impact of saturation processes with respect to the rhabdophane.Thus, the solubility products as well as thermodynamic data associated to the formation of rhabdophanes were evaluated from over- and under-saturation conditions. The similar values obtained by both approaches confirmed the reversibility of the equilibrium associated to the rhabdophane precipitation. Solubility products as well as thermodynamic data only slightly varied along the lanthanide elements series : -2151±13 ≤ Df H^o (298K) ≤ -2130±12 kJ.mol-1, -2004±2 ≤ Df G^o (298K) ≤ -1984±2 kJ.mol-1 and -504±11 ≤ Df S^o (298K) ≤ -473±12 J.mol-1.K-1, excepted for europium that presented the highest values of free energy (-1896 ± 2 kJ.mol-1), enthalpy (-2057 ± 9 kJ.mol-1) and entropy (–538 ± 11 J.mol-1.K-1) of formation. The comparison of the data obtained for rhabdophanes and monazites showed that the values associated to rhabdophane can be deduced from those of monazite by adding the contribution of 0.667 water molecule. It confirms either the monoclinic structure of the rhabdophane and the number of water molecules present in the structure.For the first time, structural and microstructural evolution of monazite pellets was monitored during dissolution thanks to several complementary surface analysis techniques (ESEM, AFM, GI-XRR and GI-XRD). This study confirmed the very good chemical durability of these ceramics (only 0.04 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% of dissolved ceramic in 0.1 M HNO3 and 0.25 M HNO3, respectively, at 363 K after 300 days of dissolution). These different techniques also highlighted that pre-existing defects (pores, cracks, polishing marks) acted as preferential dissolution zones. However, no secondary phase was clearly evidenced onto the surface of the samples even if the solutions were found to be close to equilibrium with rhabdophane.Finally, an original protocol of precipitation of Th-doped rhabdophanes, Nd1-2xCaxThxPO4•0.667H2O, was developed during this work. The first estimation of the apparent solubility constants, performed in under-saturated conditions in 0.25 M HCl solution, did not evidence any significant variation in the temperature range investigated
Bisson, Julia. "Synthèse de nouvelles molécules polyfonctionnelles pour la séparation groupée des actinides : influence de la structure sur leurs propriétés complexantes et extractantes." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2051.
Full textThe aim of this project is to design and study new extractants for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. To decrease the long-term radiotoxicity of the waste, the GANEX process is an option to homogenously recycle actinides. All actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm) would be extracted together from a highly acidic media and separated from fission products (especially from lanthanides). In this context, fourteen new bitopic ligands constituted of a nitrogen polyaromatic unit from the dipyridyl-phenanthroline and dipyridyl-1,3,5-triazine families and functionnalized by amid groups were synthesized. Extraction studies performed with some of these ligands confirmed their interest to selectively separate actinides at different oxidation states from an aqueous solution 3M HNO3. To determine the influence of ligands’structure on cation complexation, a study in a homogenous media (MeOH/H2O) has been carried out. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry have been used to characterize the complexes stoichiometries formed with several cations (Eu3+, Nd3+, Am3+, Pu4+ and NpO2+). Stability constants, evaluated by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, confirm the selectivity of these ligands toward actinides. Lanthanides and actinides complexes have also been characterized in the solid state by infra-red spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Associated to nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and DFT calculations (Density Functional Theory), a better knowledge of their coordination mode was achieved
Arab-Chapelet, Bénédicte. "Étude fondamentale des mécanismes réactionnels intervenant lors de la synthèse par co-conversion oxalique de composés oxyde à base d'actinides." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10147.
Full textAt the end of the nuclear fuel reprocessing, co-conversion by oxalic co-precipitation is one of the routes investigated to immobilize actinides in a solid compound before their subsequent recycling. The development of this process requires a good knowledge of the structure of the co-precipitated compounds. The structural resolution by single crystal X-ray diffraction of U(IV)-Ln(III) oxalates, where lanthanides simulate the actinides behaviour, led to elucidate three solid solutions characterized by an unexpected U(IV)-Ln(III) mixed site and to the constitution of a structural database decisive for the identification of actinides co-precipitated compounds. In addition, the thorough investigation of these mixed oxalates has allowed (i) to specify the solid solution domains; (ii) to underline the quantitative transfer of actinides initially in solution to the co-precipitated solid, without modification of their oxidation state; (iii) to clarify the role of monovalent cations taking part in the deficit charge compensation in the structure. Finally, these original results were extended to the An(IV)-An(III) mixtures and mixed oxalates exhibiting structures similar to those obtained for the U(IV)-Ln(III) co-precipitates, were synthesised. The existence of An(IV)-An(III) mixed site within a compound oxalate is totally original and at the basis of the original properties of the co-precipitate. Then, actinides co-precipitation allows to elaborate particularly homogeneous solid compounds with desired composition which can be advantageously used as starting materials for mixed oxides synthesis
Petit, Thierry. "Étude de la structure électronique des actinides et de leurs dioxydes : application aux défauts ponctuels et aux gaz de fission dans le dioxyde d'uranium." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENSL0033.
Full textSoulet, S. "Etude des effets d'auto-irradiation dans des matériaux à structure apatitique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00068309.
Full textAndersson, Per. "Theoretical Investigations of Selected Heavy Elements and Metal-hydrogen Systems by Means of Electronic Structure Calculations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5103-9/.
Full textTamain, Christelle. "Synthèse et caractérisation structurale de composés oxalate à base d’actinides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10143.
Full textOxalic acid is a well-known reagent to recover actinides thanks to the very low solubility of An(IV) and An(III) oxalate compounds in acidic solution. Therefore, considering mixed-oxide fuel or considering minor actinides incorporation in ceramic fuel materials for transmutation, oxalic co-conversion is convenient to synthesize mixed oxalate compounds, precursors of oxide solid solutions. As the existing oxalate single crystal syntheses are not adaptable to the actinide-oxalate chemistry or to their manipulation constrains in gloves box, several original crystal growth methods were developed. They were first validate and optimized on lanthanides and uranium before the application to transuranium elements. The advanced investigations allow to better understand the syntheses and to define optimized chemical conditions to promote crystal growth. These new crystal growth methods were then applied to a large number of mixed An1(IV)-An2(III) or An1(IV)-An2(IV) systems and lead to the formation of the first original mixed An1(IV)-An2(III) and An1(IV)-An2(IV) oxalate single crystals. Finally thanks to the first thorough structural characterizations of these compounds, single crystal X-ray diffraction, EXAFS or micro-RAMAN, the particularly weak oxalate-actinide compounds structural database is enriched, which is essential for future studied nuclear fuel cycles
Aldair, Misael Wilken. "Shedding X-rays on molecules through the lenses of relativistic electronic structure theory." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR043.
Full textThis thesis aims to investigate the electronic structure of actinides by means of ab initio relativistic quantum chemistry methods, with a specific emphasis on the spectroscopic observables of the uranyl moiety (UO22+). Considering the pivotal role of this unit in the solid-state and solution chemistry of uranium, one of the most abundant and stable actinides on earth, as well as recent advancements in synchrotron radiation facilities, our investigation relies on evaluating the interaction of x-ray photons with the uranyl unit in varying degrees of complexity, ranging from molecules to crystalline solids.First, we showcase how the resonant-convergent formulation of response theory can be employed to investigate the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of actinides. 4-component damped-response time-dependent density functional theory (4c-DR-TD-DFT) simulations for the uranyl tetrachloride dianion ([UO2Cl4]2-) were found to be consistent with previous data for angle-resolved near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) at the oxygen K-edge and high energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) at the uranium M4- and L3-edges of the dicesium uranyl tetrachloride crystal (Cs2UO2Cl4), a prototype system for actinide electronic structure investigations.We then present the results of collaborative work with the Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). 2-component TD-DFT simulations within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (2c-TDA) and HERFD measurements uranyl systems within different structural motifs highlight the role of charge transfer states in determining the spectral features at the uranium M4-edge.The role of orbital correlation and relaxation in the core-ionization energies of heavy elements was investigated using the recently developed core-valence-separation equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method (CVS-EOM-CC). We also evaluated the performance of various 4- and 2-component Hamiltonians for calculating these properties. The results of this investigation highlight the importance of computing two-electron interaction beyond the zeroth order truncation, i.e., the Coulomb term, when working at the tender (1 keV - 5 keV) and hard x-ray (5 keV - 200 keV) ranges.We also evaluated the performance of quantum-chemical embedding methods to account for environmental effects. Specifically, we employed the frozen density embedding (FDE) method, which allowed us to gain valuable insights into how the equatorial ligands of the uranyl ion influence its spectroscopic properties. Notably, this method successfully addressed the role of such interactions in binding energies in the soft X-ray range and in the peak splittings observed in the emission spectra at the U M4-edge. The latter is particularly significant as it has been instrumental in addressing a long-standing problem in actinide science: the role of 5f orbitals in actinyl bonding.In summary, this thesis presents fundamental research work that aims to push the boundaries of ab initio quantum chemical methods when addressing spectroscopic observables toward the bottom of the periodic table, and the findings of this work capture how these approaches can provide further insights into state-of-the-art experiments
Dahou, Samir. "Organisation structurale et spectroscopie de peptides susceptibles de complexer des actinides." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20062.
Full textThe contamination of living organisms by actinide elements is at the origin of both radiological and chemical toxicity that may lead to severe dysfunction. Most of the data available on the actinide interaction with biological systems are macroscopic physiological measurements and are lacking a molecular description of the systems. Because of the intricacy of these systems, classical biochemical methods are difficult to implement. Our strategy consisted in designing simplified biomimetic peptides, and describing the corresponding intramolecular interactions with actinides. A carboxylic pentapeptide of the form DDPDD has been at the starting point of this work in order to further assess the influence of the peptide sequence on the topology of the complexes. To do so, various linear (Asp/Ala permutations, peptoïds) and cyclic analogues have been synthesized. Furthermore, in order to include the hydroxamic function (with a high affinity for Fe(III)) in the peptide, both desferrioxamine and acetohydroxamic acid have been investigated. However because of difficulties in synthesis, we have not been able to test these peptides. Three actinide cations have been considered at oxidation state +IV (Th, Np, Pu) and compared to Fe(III), often considered as a biological surrogate of Pu(IV). The spatial arrangement of the peptide around the cation has been probed by spectrophotometry and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data and EXAFS data adjustment lead us to rationalize the topology of the complexes as a function of the peptide sequence : mix hydroxy polynuclear species for linear and cyclic peptides, mononuclear for the desferrioxamine complexes. Furthermore, significant differences have appeared between Fe(III) and actinide(IV), related to differences of reactivity in aqueous medium
Cricchio, Francesco. "Multipoles in Correlated Electron Materials." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132068.
Full textFelaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 705
Bernhard, Gert, Katja Schmeide, Susanne Sachs, Karl-Heinz Heise, Gerhard Geipel, Jens Mibus, Adela Krepelova, and Vinzenz Brendler. "Investigation of the Complexation and the Migration Behavior of Actinides and Non-Radioactive Substances with Humic Acids under Geogenic Conditions - Complexation of Humic Acids with Actindies in the Oxidation State IV Th, U, Np." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28981.
Full textBernhard, Gert, Katja Schmeide, Susanne Sachs, Karl-Heinz Heise, Gerhard Geipel, Jens Mibus, Adela Krepelova, and Vinzenz Brendler. "Investigation of the Complexation and the Migration Behavior of Actinides and Non-Radioactive Substances with Humic Acids under Geogenic Conditions - Complexation of Humic Acids with Actindies in the Oxidation State IV Th, U, Np." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2004. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21725.
Full textChouard, Nolwenn. "Structure, stabilité thermique et résistance sous irradiation externe de verres aluminoborosilicatés riches en terres rares et en molybdène." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00644194.
Full textFlanders, David John. "Structural studies of actinide compounds." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108758/.
Full textBettencourt, Maria Joaquina de. "Bandes rotationnelles dans les noyaux impairs ²³³U et ²³⁵U." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112160.
Full textThe nuclear structure of the well deformed uranium nuclei of mass 233 and 235 has been studied experimentally up to high-spin states and compared with rotor-plus-quasiparticle-model predictions where the individual wave-functions are obtained through a HF + BCS calculation using a Skyrme III nucleon-nucleon interaction. The heavy-ion coulomb excitation experiments and the radioactive decay study of ²³³Pa have allowed to characterize eleven bands in ²³³U, four of which are newly evidenced, and also eleven bands, of which one new, in ²³⁵U. In this last case, the ground-state band was developed up to spin 47/2, and the other bands were extended up to spins between 19/2 and 25/2. The main interband connexions have been determined showing evidence for most of the Coriolis mixings and for vibrational modes. The behaviour of the rotational bands (band-head energy and moment of inertia) have been compared to the one of rotational bands of near-lying odd isotopes and isotones. A very good agreement shows up between theoretical and experimental values, more precisely as concerning the band-head energies, the ground-state magnetic and electric multipole moments, the transition probabilities and the behaviour of the rotational band moments of inertia as function of the spin. These facts show the reliability of the individual wavefunctions used
Aas, Wenche. "Constitution, dynamics and structure of binary and ternary actinide complexes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/aas0329.pdf.
Full textJonasson, L. "Computational investigations of the electronic structure of molecular actinide compounds." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15798/.
Full textCasey, Laura. "Synthesis, structure and characterisation of advanced ceramics for actinide immobilisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18310/.
Full textSmith, Anna Louise. "Structural and thermodynamic properties of sodium actinide ternary oxides." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/263068.
Full textStolze, Karoline. "Synthese und Charakterisierung niedervalenter Actinoidphosphidtelluride und ternärer Selen-Halogenid-Komplexe des Iridiums." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202233.
Full textAudras, Matthieu. "Caractérisation structurale de complexes d'actinides (III) et (IV) par le ligand DOTA." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20096/document.
Full textThe polyaminocarboxylate anions have been identified as compounds of interest in the operations of actinide separation, in actinide migration in the environment and in human radiotoxicology. The structural characterization of complexes formed between actinides and polyaminocarboxylates ligands is essential for a better understanding of actinide-ligands interactions. Among the polyaminocarboxylate anions, the DOTA ligand (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid) is described as a very strong complexing agent of the lanthanides(III), but has been little studied with actinides. The objective of this thesis is to describe the complexes formed between the actinides (III) and (IV) and the DOTA ligand, and compare them with the lanthanide complexes. For this, an approach has been introduced to characterize the complex by complementary analytical techniques (spectrophotometry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, NMR, EXAFS, electrochemistry), but also by calculations of theoretical chemistry to help the interpretation of the experimental data. The formation of a 1:1 complex is observed with the actinides(III) (plutonium and americium) as in the case of lanthanides(III): rapid formation of intermediate species which evolves slowly towards the formation of a limit complex. Within this complex, the cation is located inside the cavity formed by the ligand. Four nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms from the carboxylate functions are involved in the coordination sphere of the cation. However, differences were observed in the bond lengths formed between the cation and the nitrogen atoms (the bonds are somewhat shorter in the case of actinide complexes) as well as the complexation kinetics, which is slightly faster for the actinides(III) than for lanthanide(III) ions of equivalent radius. The same behavior was observed in solution upon complexation of actinides(IV) (uranium, plutonium and neptunium): slow formation of a 1:1 complex (actinide(IV):ligand) in wherein the cation is located inside the cavity formed by the macrocycle DOTA, although the kinetics of actinide(IV) complexation is slower than for the actinides(III) complexation. Nevertheless, the study of thorium(IV)-DOTA complexes shows differences since 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in solution are detected, and where only the carboxylate functions are involved in the coordination sphere of the cation. Finally, an initial estimate of the stability constant of the plutonium(IV)-DOTA complexes by electrochemical measurements indicates that complexes of actinide(IV) are approximately 10 orders of magnitude more stable than the complex of actinides(III), as previously observed with other polyaminocarboxylate anions
Rogers, Brendan James. "Arrangement and structure of α-actinins in striated muscle." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22905/.
Full textCaisso, Marie. "Etude structurale de la synthèse de microsphères d’U1-xAmxO2±δ dédiées à la fabrication de couvertures chargées en américium." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT204/document.
Full textOne of the studied routes to reduce nuclear waste amount, is, after plutonium recycling, americium (Am) heterogeneous transmutation in fast neutron reactors, through the generation of short-lives and inert elements. Am irradiation requires the fabrication of U1-xAmxO2±δ pellets and the CRMP (Calcined Resin Microsphere Pelletization) process is currently considered as one the most promising candidate among other fabrication routes. It is based, before pellet sintering, on the compaction of U1-XAmXO2±δ oxide microspheres, synthetized through the thermal conversion of ion exchange resin microspheres, loaded with UO22+ and Am3+ cations. Compared to standard methods using powder metallurgy, CRMP process favours pressing step (easy microsphere flow) while limiting generation of highly radioactive Am-based fine particles. In this context, this PhD work was focused on the exhaustive characterization of CRMP process different steps, from a mechanistic and structural point of view. The cation molecular complex used in the resin was thus determined, highlighting carboxylic bidendate ligand binding around U and Am elements. Thermal conversion was also in-situ followed, and the structures of the different synthetized compounds evidenced and accurately characterized, i.e. (U1-XAmX)3O8 et U1-XAmXO2±δ. Am substitution in each of them was explained, revealing related distortions around U and Am cations. Finally, sintering of U1-XAmXO2-δ microspheres shaped into pellets was studied, showing a two-step densification. This unusual behavior corresponds to multi-scale reorganization into the material during sintering thermal treatment, associated to the presence of nanoparticles in the green pellet that sinter at low temperature
Vaughn, Anthony E. "High valent uranium dioxo and imido complexes synthesis and structure /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5596.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed June 17, 2009). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Du, Toit Erasmus Johannes. "Cluster model analysis of exotic decay in actinide nuclei." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95812.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The binary cluster model is used to investigate the properties of exotic structures and decays in various nuclei. A simple method is described to choose the possible clusters forming within the nucleus, by assuming the nucleus consists of a mixture of up to four different core-cluster pairs. A phenomenological potential is then used, with optimized parameters, to describe the even-even 222-232Th nuclei within the binary cluster model, by calculating exotic decay half-lives, reduced electromagnetic transition probabilities, and energy spectra. After finding that all experimentally observed heavy ion emissions are predicted with the model and calculated structure observables are reproduced within good agreement of the experimentally measured values, the model was extended to include the even-even 230-234U, 236-240Pu and 222-224Ra nuclei. We found that almost all experimentally observed heavy ion emissions are predicted within the model with reasonable accuracy in the calculated halflives, and found good agreement in the other calculated structure observables.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die binêre bondel model is gebruik om die eienskappe van eksotiese strukture en verval in verskeie nukliedes te ondersoek. ’n Eenvoudige metode is gebruik om die moontlike bondels wat binne die nuklied vorm te kies, deur die aanname te maak dat die nuklied uit ’n mengsel van tot vier verskillende kern-bondel pare bestaan. ’n Fenomenologiese potensiaal is dan gebruik, met optimale parameters, om die ewe-ewe 222-232Th nukliedes met die binêre bondel model te beskryf, deur eksotiese verval halfleeftye, verminderde elektromagnetiese oorgangswaarskynlikhede, en energie spektra te bereken. Nadat daar gevind is dat alle vrygestelde swaar ione wat eksperimenteel waargeneem is deur die model voorspel word, en berekende struktuur waarneembares tot goeie ooreenstemming met die eksperimentele waardes produseer is, is die model uitgebrei om die ewe-ewe 230-234U, 236-240Pu en 222-224Ra nukliedes in te sluit. Daar is gevind dat byna alle vrygestelde swaar ione wat eksperimenteel waargeneem is deur die model voorspel word met redelike akkuraathied in die berekening van hul halfleeftye, asook dat daar goeie ooreenstemming tussen die berekende en eksperimentele waardes van ander struktuur waarneembares was.
Estevenon, Paul. "Synthèse et caractérisation de silicates MSiO4 (M = Ce, Th, U, Np, Pu)." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0013/document.
Full textActinides, and mainly plutonium, are the main contributors to the long-term radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel. In conditions representative for geological repository, the interactions between such radioelements and silicate species could influence the mobility of the actinides in the environment and thus, could affect the safety of the storage facilities. Especially, the formation of actinide silicate, AnSiO4, has to be considered carefully, since thorium and uranium silicate are ubiquitous in environmental silicate rich media and under reductive conditions. Because the chemistry of AnSiO4 is poorly known, their preparation is a prerequisite in order to determine thermodynamic data associated to their formation and to evaluate their stability under geological repository conditions.The first part of this work consisted in the preparation, under hydrothermal conditions, of ThSiO4, USiO4 and CeSiO4 as surrogates of PuSiO4. This study allowed us to determine the preponderant parameters which impact the formation of silicate phases, to establish optimized conditions for their synthesis as pure phases and then to propose potential mechanisms of formation. For all of these syntheses, the competition between the complexation of metal cations by silicate ions and their hydrolysis played a predominant role. Three different and efficient strategies have been identified for the formation of actinide silicates. The first one was characterized by the use of weakly acid reactive media to limit the hydrolysis of actinide in solution. The second involved the use of strong ligands to maintain the actinide in solution in weakly basic media. The third was developed with element oxidation states that also protected it against hydrolysis. The transposition of these strategies to the preparation of PuSiO4 allowed to determine the suitable synthesis conditions to form PuSiO4 and then to identify the differences in terms of reactivity between Pu(IV) and surrogate elements
Babelot, Carole [Verfasser]. "Monazite-type ceramics for conditioning of minor actinides : structural characterization and properties / Carole Babelot." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1048160866/34.
Full textDewan, Leslie. "Molecular dynamics simulation and topological analysis of the network structure of actinide-bearing materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86266.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Actinide waste production and storage is a complex problem, and a whole-cycle approach to actinide management is necessary to minimize the total volume of waste. In this dissertation, I examine three actinide-bearing materials relevant to both the front end and back end of the nuclear fuel cycle: light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel stored in a crystalline ceramic medium (zircon), LWR spent fuel stored in a glassy medium (alkali borosilicate glass), and three molten salt systems (LiF-BeF2, LiF-ThF4 , and LiF-UF4). I model these materials using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and then perform a range of material-dependent analyses - including structural evaluation, species segregation, solubility limits, and assessment of transport properties - to examine their suitability as actinide-bearing materials. The initial portion of this work focuses on actinide waste storage media, examining the microstructural changes induced in zircon and alkali borosilicate glass doped with uranium. Alpha-decay of the uranium changes the structure of the host material, inducing amorphousness, recrystallization, and microcracking, among other structural changes. My work on actinide waste storage shows the utility of topological methods for quantifying the intermediate-range structure of amorphous systems. In many cases, the intermediate-range structure correlates with larger-scale properties, such as density and viscosity. I then identify three molten salt systems of interest - LiF-BeF2 , LiF-ThF4, and LiUF4 - as a focus for analysis. LiF-BeF2 is a coolant salt, and LiF-ThF4 and LiF-UF4 are fuel salts used on the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle in molten salt reactors (MSRs). MSRs can, in some configurations, achieve extremely high actinide bum-ups. Some molten salt reactors can also be fueled by the actinides in spent fuel produced by LWRs. While MSRs have many advantages, research into new designs often proceeds slowly because of gaps in available experimental data for the molten fuel and coolant salts. I use MD simulations to evaluate the transport properties and structure of these salts, and show that these simulations can be used reliably to augment the existing body of experimental data describing the salts' material properties. Furthermore, I examine how the structure of the salt correlates with its material properties, in particular its viscosity. I use network topology-based algorithms to describe the amorphous structure quantitatively. Network-based topological methods have never before been applied to molten salts, and many new insights can be gained from the analysis.
by Leslie Dewan.
Ph. D.
Nelson, Janet E. Bercaw John E. Bercaw John E. "Synthetic, structural, and mechanistic studies in early transition metal and actinide chemistry /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1991. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07192007-074200.
Full textSonnenberg, Jason Louis. "Structure and reactivity studies of environmentally relevant actinide-containing species using relativistic density functional theory." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124308219.
Full textTitle from second page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 151 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-151). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Strittmatter, Richard Joseph. "The bonding and electronic structure of tris(cyclopentadienyl) actinide compounds and related transition-metal systems /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683756123976.
Full textLing, Jie Albrecht-Schmitt Thomas E. "Hydrothermal syntheses, structures, and properties of new iodate and selenite compounds of transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides." Auburn, Ala, 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Dissertations/LING_JIE_49.pdf.
Full textWood, Hayley Marie. "Density functional studies of relativistic effects on molecular properties." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/density-functional-studies-of-relativistic-effects-on-molecular-properties(9f362361-5c09-4b35-a296-dec927ce7b7b).html.
Full textDabos-Seignon, Sylvie. "Etudes par diffraction x du comportement sous pression d'actinides (np, pu, am-cm) et de composes d'actinides anx : :(2) (an = np, x = o, al) et anx (an = th, u, np, pu, x = as, te)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066324.
Full textJewula, Pawel. "Synthèse et étude de ligands hydroxamates cycliques dérivés des sidérophores naturels pour la complexation sélective des actinides." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS038.
Full textThe goal of this research was the synthesis and spectroscopic, structural andphysical-chemical characterization of cyclic 6- and 7-membered hydroxamicacids, a tetrahydroxamic calix[4]arene-based tetrapodal receptor, and their metalcomplexes with trivalent and tetravalent metal cations. They were characterizedby several techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopies,single crystal X-ray analysis, and potentiometry. Cyclic hydroxamic acids arefound in a few mix siderophores but their coordination properties were stillunknown. The structural features of metal complexes formed with Fe(III),Ga(III), Ce(IV), Zr(IV), Hf(IV), U(IV) and U(VI) have been investigated both inthe solid state and in solution. The synthesis and complexation studies of anoriginal calix[4]arene-based tetrapodal receptor is described. Reactionparameters for all key steps in the synthetic route have been optimized. Thesingle X-ray crystal analysis of benzyl-protected receptor was obtained.Complexation studies with zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) evidenced theformation of two metal two ligand complexes rather than 1:1 species, whichwere shown to interact in solution with a third alkali cation
Mrozik, Michael Kiyoshi. "Electronic Structure Across the Periodic Table: Chemistry of the Large in Mass and the Small in Size." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299078304.
Full textGhezzi-Perra, Béatrice. "Étude comparative de la composition chimique et de la structure de la subérine et de la lignine extraites à partir d'écorces de hêtre et de pellicules de kiwi." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL153N.
Full textBorschinger, Benoit. "Démarche d’ingénierie écologique en santé des plantes : étude du rôle des couvre-sol végétaux des vergers dansl'émergence des maladies des arbres fruitiers causées par Pseudomonas syringae." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0337/document.
Full textProcess of ecological engineering in plant health: study of the role of orchard ground cover plants in the emergence of fruit tree diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringaeIdentification of reservoirs and inoculum sources of plant pathogenic microorganisms is a major issue in plant pathology. Perennial agricultural systems, such as orchards, are exposed to many pests and pathogenic microorganisms. P. syringae, a phytopathogenic bacterium responsible for the emergence of diseases of fruit trees, including the recent outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused P. syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), represent an important economic issue worldwide. In France, means of control of bacterial canker consist of copper treatments and preventive measures in order to reduce the spread of bacteria within and between orchards. With the awareness for environmental conservation by consumers and producers, current cultivation methods tend to be progressively replaced by more agroecological ones and the use of ecological engineering to improve plant health. Ecological engineering of orchard ground cover plant communities provides good results for the control of orchard pests, such as herbivorous arthropods, but the effects on pathogenic microbial communities remains unexplored. The ground cover plants and orchard weeds host abundant P. syringae communities, however the role of ground covers in the emergence of fruit tree diseases remains ignored. Therefore, the research presented here is focused on the simultaneous study of P. syringae communities associated with ground covers and fruit trees from three apricot and four kiwifruit orchards of Drôme county, southeastern France, chosen for their health status (healthy, diseased, or disease emergence), as well as different ground cover management practices (bare soil, ground cover in inter-rows, ground cover in inter-rows and tree rows). In the absence of tools for rapid identification and affiliation to one of 13 currently described phylogroups for the P. syringae species, the screening of whole genomes of more than fifty P. syringae strains has allowed the development of specific molecular markers able to identify 9 of the 13 phylogroups. Results show that ground cover P. syringae community abundances and structures are correlated to plant community composition. The presence of Prunella vulgaris, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is correlated to a decrease in the P. syringae abundances. Reproducibility of this result is currently under investigation in an experimental field. However, preliminary results from the experimental field show that the presence of P. vulgaris in 1-year-old ground covers is not correlated to a decrease in P. syringae abundances. Simultaneous study of ground cover and fruit tree P. syringae communities highlight bacterial exchanges between these two compartments because of the presence of genetically correlated strains in both of them. When present, Psa coexist with other P. syringae, raising the question of the interaction between these strains and their role in the emergence of the disease. Finally, the results highlight a potential antagonism between phylogroups 1 and 2
Siari, Ahmed. "Propriétés magnétiques et électroniques d'alliages amorphes à base de terres rares ou d'uranium." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10055.
Full textVedel, Isabelle. "Variation du volume jusqu'a 25 gpa de composes de cerium et d'uranium : influence de la pression sur l'hybridation du niveau f et sur l'effet kondo." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066030.
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