Relevant bibliographies by topics / Actin Based Motor Proteins

Academic literature on the topic 'Actin Based Motor Proteins'

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Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Actin Based Motor Proteins"

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Ciocanel, Maria-Veronica, Aravind Chandrasekaran, Carli Mager, Qin Ni, Garegin A. Papoian, and Adriana Dawes. "Simulated actin reorganization mediated by motor proteins." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): e1010026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010026.

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Cortical actin networks are highly dynamic and play critical roles in shaping the mechanical properties of cells. The actin cytoskeleton undergoes significant reorganization in many different contexts, including during directed cell migration and over the course of the cell cycle, when cortical actin can transition between different configurations such as open patched meshworks, homogeneous distributions, and aligned bundles. Several types of myosin motor proteins, characterized by different kinetic parameters, have been involved in this reorganization of actin filaments. Given the limitations in studying the interactions of actin with myosin in vivo, we propose stochastic agent-based models and develop a set of data analysis measures to assess how myosin motor proteins mediate various actin organizations. In particular, we identify individual motor parameters, such as motor binding rate and step size, that generate actin networks with different levels of contractility and different patterns of myosin motor localization, which have previously been observed experimentally. In simulations where two motor populations with distinct kinetic parameters interact with the same actin network, we find that motors may act in a complementary way, by tuning the actin network organization, or in an antagonistic way, where one motor emerges as dominant. This modeling and data analysis framework also uncovers parameter regimes where spatial segregation between motor populations is achieved. By allowing for changes in kinetic rates during the actin-myosin dynamic simulations, our work suggests that certain actin-myosin organizations may require additional regulation beyond mediation by motor proteins in order to reconfigure the cytoskeleton network on experimentally-observed timescales.
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Brown, Susan S. "Cooperation Between Microtubule- and Actin-Based Motor Proteins." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 15, no. 1 (November 1999): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.63.

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Wolgemuth, Charles W., and Sean X. Sun. "Active random forces can drive differential cellular positioning and enhance motor-driven transport." Molecular Biology of the Cell 31, no. 20 (September 15, 2020): 2283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0629.

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Chabrillat, Marion L., Claire Wilhelm, Christina Wasmeier, Elena V. Sviderskaya, Daniel Louvard, and Evelyne Coudrier. "Rab8 Regulates the Actin-based Movement of Melanosomes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 4 (April 2005): 1640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0770.

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Rab GTPases have been implicated in the regulation of specific microtubule- and actin-based motor proteins. We devised an in vitro motility assay reconstituting the movement of melanosomes on actin bundles in the presence of ATP to investigate the role of Rab proteins in the actin-dependent movement of melanosomes. Using this assay, we confirmed that Rab27 is required for the actin-dependent movement of melanosomes, and we showed that a second Rab protein, Rab8, also regulates this movement. Rab8 was partially associated with mature melanosomes. Expression of Rab8Q67L perturbed the cellular distribution and increased the frequency of microtubule-independent movement of melanosomes in vivo. Furthermore, anti-Rab8 antibodies decreased the number of melanosomes moving in vitro on actin bundles, whereas melanosomes isolated from cells expressing Rab8Q67L exhibited 70% more movements than wild-type melanosomes. Together, our observations suggest that Rab8 is involved in regulating the actin-dependent movement of melanosomes.
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Titus, M. A., H. M. Warrick, and J. A. Spudich. "Multiple actin-based motor genes in Dictyostelium." Cell Regulation 1, no. 1 (November 1989): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.1.1.55.

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Dictyostelium cells, devoid of conventional myosin, display a variety of motile activities, consistent with the presence of other molecular motors. The Dictyostelium genome was probed at low stringency with a gene fragment containing the conserved conventional myosin head domain sequences to identify other actin-based motors that may play a role in the observed motility of these mutant cells. One gene (abmA) has been characterized and encodes a polypeptide of approximately 135 kDa with a head region homologous to other myosin head sequences and a tail region that is not predicted to form either an alpha-helical structure of coiled-coil interactions. Comparisons of the amino acid sequences of the tail regions of abmA, Dictyostelium myosin I, and Acanthamoeba myosins IB and IL reveal an area of sequence similarity in the amino terminal half of the tail that may be a membrane-binding domain. The abmA gene, however, does not contain an unusual Gly, Pro, Ala stretch typical of many of the previously described myosin Is. Two additional genes (abmB and abmC) were identified using this approach and also found to contain sequences that encode proteins with typical conserved myosin head sequences. The abm genes may be part of a large family of actin-based motors that play various roles in diverse aspects of cellular motility.
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Koonce, Michael P. "13 Plus 1: A 30-Year Perspective on Microtubule-Based Motility in Dictyostelium." Cells 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030528.

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Individual gene analyses of microtubule-based motor proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum have provided a rough draft of its machinery for cytoplasmic organization and division. This review collates their activities and looks forward to what is next. A comprehensive approach that considers the collective actions of motors, how they balance rates and directions, and how they integrate with the actin cytoskeleton will be necessary for a complete understanding of cellular dynamics.
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Kumpula, Esa-Pekka, and Inari Kursula. "Towards a molecular understanding of the apicomplexan actin motor: on a road to novel targets for malaria remedies?" Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71, no. 5 (April 16, 2015): 500–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x1500391x.

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Apicomplexan parasites are the causative agents of notorious human and animal diseases that give rise to considerable human suffering and economic losses worldwide. The most prominent parasites of this phylum are the malaria-causingPlasmodiumspecies, which are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, andToxoplasma gondii, which infects one third of the world's population. These parasites share a common form of gliding motility which relies on an actin–myosin motor. The components of this motor and the actin-regulatory proteins in Apicomplexa have unique features compared with all other eukaryotes. This, together with the crucial roles of these proteins, makes them attractive targets for structure-based drug design. In recent years, several structures of glideosome components, in particular of actins and actin regulators from apicomplexan parasites, have been determined, which will hopefully soon allow the creation of a complete molecular picture of the parasite actin–myosin motor and its regulatory machinery. Here, current knowledge of the function of this motor is reviewed from a structural perspective.
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Müller, Kei W., Anna M. Birzle, and Wolfgang A. Wall. "Beam finite-element model of a molecular motor for the simulation of active fibre networks." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2185 (January 2016): 20150555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0555.

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Molecular motors are proteins that excessively increase the efficiency of subcellular transport processes. They allow for cell division, nutrient transport and even macroscopic muscle movement. In order to understand the effect of motors in large biopolymer networks, e.g. the cytoskeleton, we require a suitable model of a molecular motor. In this contribution, we present such a model based on a geometrically exact beam finite-element formulation. We discuss the numerical model of a non-processive motor such as myosin II, which interacts with actin filaments. Based on experimental data and inspired by the theoretical understanding offered by the power-stroke model and the swinging-cross-bridge model, we parametrize our numerical model in order to achieve the effect that a physiological motor has on its cargo. To this end, we introduce the mechanical and mathematical foundations of the model, then discuss its calibration, prove its usefulness by conducting finite-element simulations of actin–myosin motility assays and assess the influence of motors on the rheology of semi-flexible biopolymer networks.
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Vandenboom, Rene. "The Myofibrillar Complex and Fatigue: A Review." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 29, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 330–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h04-022.

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The basis for all biological movement is the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy by different classes of motor proteins. In skeletal muscle this motor protein is myosin II, a thick filament-based molecule that harnesses the free energy furnished by ATP hydrolysis to perform mechanical work against actin proteins of the thin filament. The cyclic attachment and detachment of myosin with actin that generates muscle force and shortening is Ca2+ regulated. Intense muscle activity may lead to metabolically induced inhibitions to the function of these myofibrillar proteins when Ca2+ regulation is normal, a phenomenon referred to as myofibrillar fatigue. Studies using single muscle fibers at room temperature or lower have shown that myosin motor function is inhibited by the accumulation of the ATP-hydrolysis products ADP, Pi, and H+ as well as by excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These metabolically induced impairments to myosin motor function reduce muscle work and power output by impairing maximal Ca2+ activated force, the Ca2+ sensitivity of force, and/or unloaded shortening velocity. Based on uncertainties about their inhibitory effect on muscle function at more physiological temperatures, the influence of ATP-hydrolysis product and ROS accumulation on myofibrillar protein function of human skeletal muscle remains to be clarified. Key words: actin, myosin, muscle contraction
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McQuarrie, Irvine G., and Linda M. Lund. "INTRA-AXONAL MYOSIN AND ACTIN IN NERVE REGENERATION." Neurosurgery 65, suppl_4 (October 1, 2009): A93—A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000338593.76635.32.

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Abstract A FOCUSED REVIEW of sciatic nerve regeneration in the rat model, based on research conducted by the authors, is presented. We examine structural proteins carried distally in the axon by energy-requiring motor enzymes, using protein chemistry and molecular biology techniques in combination with immunohistochemistry. Relevant findings from other laboratories are cited and discussed. The general conclusion is that relatively large amounts of actin and tubulin are required to construct a regenerating axon and that these materials mainly originate in the parent axon. The motor enzymes that carry these proteins forward as macromolecules include kinesin and dynein but probably also include myosin.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Actin Based Motor Proteins"

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Stachelek, Stanley J. "The Role of the Unconventional Myosin Motor Protein, Myosin 5a, in Thyroid Hormone Mediated Actin-Based Vesicle Trafficking: a Dissertaion." eScholarship@UMMS, 2001. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/307.

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Type II 5'-deiodinase (D2) catalyzes the conversion of T4 to the transcriptionally active T3. When T4 levels are high, D2 activity levels are low. Conversely when T4 levels are low, D2 catalytic activity is high. Immunocytochemistry and biochemical data from cultured rat astrocytes revealed that physiological concentration of T4 and the non-transcriptionally active metabolite rT3, but not T3, initiates the budding of D2 containing endosomes and their subsequent translocation to the perinuclear space. Further analysis showed that this process required a polymerized actin cytoskeleton but not cellular transcription or translation; however the precise mechanism remained unknown. In this present investigation, we characterized the requirement of an unconventional myosin motor protein, myosin 5a, in the actin-based endocytosis of D2 containing vesicles. We developed an in vitro actin binding assay that exploited the T4 dependent binding of D2 containing vesicles to F-actin, and showed that D2p29:F-actin interactions are calcium, magnesium and ATP-dependent suggesting that a calmodulin (CaM) regulated myosin ATPase is required. Introduction of in vitro transcribed and translated vesicle-binding tail, which lacked the actin binding head, of myosin 5a to the in vitro actin binding assay created a dominant negative inhibitor of D2 binding to the actin cytoskeleton by competing with the native myosin 5a. A replication deficient adenoviral vector expressing the fusion protein of the 29 kDa substrate binding subunit of D2 with a green fluorescent protein reporter molecule enabled us to directly examine T4 dependent regulation of D2 in vitro as well as in living cells. Using immunoprecipitation we showed a T4 dependent association between the vesicle binding tail of myosin 5a and D2 containing vesicles. Biochemical analysis of the interaction of the myosin 5a tail with D2 containing vesicles revealed that the last 21 amino acids of myosin 5a were both necessary and sufficient for the attachment of D2 containing vesicles to the F-actin cytoskeleton. Using rapid acquisition time-lapse digital microscopy in p29GFP expressing rat astrocytes, we showed directed T4 dependent p29GFP movement from the plasma membrane to the perinuclear region. This hormone dependent vesicle movement was not observed in cells treated with T3 or no hormone. Time lapse motion studies allowed for the calculation of the velocity and of the distance traveled for individual fusion protein containing vesicles. The velocity for cells treated with T4 or rT3 was identical to that reported for vesicle-laden myosin 5a in mouse melanophores. In contrast cells treated with T3 or those receiving no hormone treatment had velocities similar to diffusion of proteins within the plasma membrane. Astrocytes constitutively expressing both p29GFP and dominant negative myosin 5a inhibitors failed to show hormone induced centripetal movement. These data demonstrate that myosin 5a is the molecular motor responsible for thyroid hormone dependent actin based endocytosis in astrocytes.
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Buencamino, Raphael Hector Domingo. "Novel roles of actin binding proteins in Listeria monocytogenes actin-based motility revealed within a cellular context." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297798.

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Rudolf, Anja [Verfasser], and Renate [Akademischer Betreuer] Renkawitz-Pohl. "Cytoskeletal Components during Myogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster: Microtubules vs. Myosins as Actin Motor Proteins / Anja Rudolf. Betreuer: Renate Renkawitz-Pohl." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029818800/34.

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Hermann, Michaela-Rosemarie. "Integrin subtype specific assembly of focal adhesion proteins and their effect on cell contractility and actin-based signaling." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-176703.

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Hermann, Michaela-Rosemarie [Verfasser], and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Fässler. "Integrin subtype specific assembly of focal adhesion proteins and their effect on cell contractility and actin-based signaling / Michaela-Rosemarie Hermann. Betreuer: Reinhard Fässler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1062877454/34.

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Evans, Matthew C. "Quantitative Analysis of Novel Chemical and shRNA Based Methods to Increase Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Levels." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/566.

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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that is the leading genetic cause of infantile death. SMA is caused by homozygous deletion or mutation of the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1). The SMN2 gene is nearly identical to SMN1, however is alternatively spliced. The close relationship to SMN1 results in SMN2 being a very power genetic modifier of SMA disease severity and a target for therapies. In this study we attempt to characterize novel chemical compounds identified as potential activators of the SMN2 gene. Additionally, we sought to determine the regulatory role individual HDAC proteins use to control expression of full length protein from the SMN2 gene. We used quantitative PCR to determine the effects of novel compounds and shRNA silencing of individual HDACs on the steady state levels of a SMN2-luciferase reporter transcripts. We determined that the compounds identified in multiple reporter high throughput screens increased SMN protein levels via transcriptional activation of the SMN2 gene. Other compounds identified in the same screen functioned post-transcriptionally, possibly stabilizing the SMN protein itself by decreasing degradation. Furthermore, we determined that reduction of individual HDAC proteins was sufficient to increase SMN protein levels in a transgenic reporter system. Knockdown of class I HDAC proteins preferentially activated the reporter by increased promoter transcription. Silencing of class II HDAC proteins maintained transcriptional activity; however silencing of HDAC 5 and 6 also appeared to enhance inclusion of an alternatively spliced exon. This collective work defines a quantitative RNA based protocol to determine mechanism of SMN reporter increase in response to any chosen treatment method. Additionally, this work highlights HDAC proteins 2 and 6 as excellent investigative targets. These data are important to the basic understanding of SMN expression regulation and the refinements of current therapeutic compounds as well as the development of novel SMA therapeutics.
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Eckert, Christian. "Kristallographische Untersuchungen zur Schweren Kette von Dynein und dem Capping-Protein Cap32/34." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B5D9-5.

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Books on the topic "Actin Based Motor Proteins"

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A, Cross R., and Kendrick-Jones J, eds. Motor proteins: A volume based on the EMBO Workshop, Cambridge, September 1990. Cambridge [England]: Company of Biologists, 1991.

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Thomas, D. D. Molecular Interactions of Actin: Actin-Myosin Interaction and Actin-Based Regulation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002.

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Motor proteins: A volume based on the EMBO Workshop, Cambridge, September 1990 (Journal of cell science). Company of Biologists, 1991.

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Thomas, D. D. Molecular Interactions of Actin: Actin-Myosin Interaction And Actin-Based Regulation. Springer, 2010.

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(Editor), D. D. Thomas, and C.G. dos Remedios (Editor), eds. Molecular Interactions of Actin: Actin-Myosin Interaction and Actin-Based Regulation (Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation). Springer, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Actin Based Motor Proteins"

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Gupta, G. S. "Microtubule Based Motor Proteins." In Proteomics of Spermatogenesis, 191–210. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27655-6_9.

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Guilbert, Solenn M., Alice-Anaïs Varlet, Margit Fuchs, Herman Lambert, Jacques Landry, and Josée N. Lavoie. "Regulation of Actin-Based Structure Dynamics by HspB Proteins and Partners." In Heat Shock Proteins, 435–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_18.

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Moscatelli, A., G. Cai, and M. Cresti. "Actin Filament- and Microtubule-Based Motor Systems: Their Concerted Action During Pollen Tube Growth." In Fertilization in Higher Plants, 303–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59969-9_21.

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Miki, Masao. "Structural Changes Between Regulatory Proteins and Actin: A Regulation Model by Tropomyosin-Troponin Based on FRET Measurements." In Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, 191–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46558-4_14.

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Grawenhoff, Julia, Sebastian Baumann, and Sebastian P. Maurer. "In Vitro Reconstitution of Kinesin-Based, Axonal mRNA Transport." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 547–68. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_29.

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AbstractMotor protein-driven transport of mRNAs on microtubules and their local translation underlie important neuronal functions such as development, growth cone steering, and synaptic plasticity. While there is abundant data on how membrane-bound cargoes such as vesicles, endosomes, or mitochondria are coupled to motor proteins, surprisingly little is known on the direct interactions of RNA–protein complexes and kinesins or dynein. Provided the potential building blocks are identified, in vitro reconstitutions coupled to Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRF-M) are a powerful and highly sensitive tool to understand how single molecules dynamically interact to assemble into functional complexes. Here we describe how we assemble TIRF-M imaging chambers suitable for the imaging of single protein–RNA complexes. We give advice on optimal sample preparation procedures and explain how a minimal axonal mRNA transport complex can be assembled in vitro. As these assays work at picomolar-range concentrations of proteins and RNAs, they allow the investigation of molecules that cannot be obtained at high concentrations, such as many large or disordered proteins. This now opens the possibility to study how RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), RNAs, and microtubule-associated proteins act together in real-time at single-molecule sensitivity to create cytoplasmic mRNA distributions.
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Ball, Philip. "5. Good little movers: molecular motors." In Molecules: A Very Short Introduction, 94–112. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192854308.003.0005.

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‘Good little movers: molecular motors’ examines molecular motors in cells, before looking at the field of nanotechnology. There are many types of movement in the human body powered by motor proteins. Dynein and kinesin are used to beat respiratory cilia and move items around cells. More visibly, the sliding filament theory explains how actin, myosin, and tropomyosin control muscle contraction. The smallest mechanical motors currently made by humans dwarf these systems. Nanotechnology may provide a means to control motion at the molecular level and enable precise chemical synthesis, but it may be easier to use existing protein motors than to construct them from scratch.
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Sivagami, Arasu, Michael Angelo Kandavalli, and Bhaskarrao Yakkala. "Design and Evaluation of an Automated Monitoring and Control System for Greenhouse Crop Production." In Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97316.

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An embedded system integrated with sensors based on nanomaterial is proposed for closely monitoring and control microclimate parameters 24 hours a day to maximise production over the whole crop growth season by introducing greenhouse for the cultivation of plants or specific plant species. The system will also eliminate errors in human intervention to optimise production of crops. This system consists of sensors and actuators, an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) and a Raspberry Pi. The system will determine whether a defined threshold is passed by any climate parameter and systematically changes via the controller. The current work reduces human input through automated irrigation to optimally utilize a scarce resource, namely water. Climatic parameters for plant growth such as, moisture, humidity, temperature, water pressure in drip pipe, soil salinity etc. are monitored and optimized. Furthermore, work was extended to include GSM to control the entire farm remotely. For its success, it is very important to choose a greenhouse location. For instance, the problems are quite different when choosing an adjoining greenhouse, for instance a sunroom or greenhouse. The greenhouse location should be chosen for sunlight, proximity to power and water sources, wind, drain and freeze pockets, and the proximity of the garden and house. The intention behind accomplishment and devise of GSM based Fertigation System is to construct and evaluate the requirement of water in the yield as farming is the major resource of production which habitually depends on the water accessibility. Irrigation of water is usually done by manual method. To ease the work of the farmer GSM based automatic Fertigation (includes chemigation too) system can be implemented so that water wastage can be reduced and also the fertilizer can be added accordingly. Also the Soil Salinity can be checked and reduced if exceeds certain limit. By using GSM, only GSM command via GSM mobile can control the start and stop action of a motor that feeds the field with the water. GSM is used for controlling the entire process and the entire system backbone. It can be used from any distance to control irrigation. The results are assessed by electronic simulator PROTEUS using the desired optimised parameters, the design of this automated greenhouse system with PIC controller. As the inputs to the microcontroller and as an LCD screen record the respective outputs, the model produces a soil moisture sensor, light sensor and temperature sensor. The system performance is accurate and repeatable for measuring and controlling the four parameters that are crucial for plant growth - temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity. With the reduction in electricity consumption, maintenance and complexity, and a flexible and precise environment control form for agriculture, the new system successfully cured quite a couple of defects in existing systems. Nano composite film sensors (Graphene and Graphene mixed in order to optimise the input of fertilisers for chemical composition determination. Using nano technology in agriculture enforces the firm bond between the engineer and farmer. Nano material film-based gas sensors were used to measure the presence of oxygen and CO2.using graphene nano composite sensors integrated into an embedded system, to detect the presence and levels of gases. Improve crop growth with combined red and blue light for lighting under the leavened and solar-powered LED lighting modules. This was achieved by graph/solar cells. The light was measured at the photosynthesis flux (PPFD) of 165 μmol m-2 s-1 by 10 cm of its LED module. LED lights were provided between 4:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. in the daytime treatments and night treatments from 10 to 10 hours. The use of the nighttime interlumination of LEDs was also economical than the interlumination of charts. Thus, nightlighting LEDs can effectively improve plant growth and output with less energy than the summer and winter times. Solar panels are best functioning during times of strong sunlight today, but begin to wan when they become too hot and cloudy. By allowing Solar Panels to produce electricity during harsh weather conditions and increase efficiency, a breakthrough in graphene-based solar panels can change everything. Ultimately with a fully autonomous system, agricultural productivity and efficiency, the length of the growing season, energy consumption and water consumption were recorded and monitored by exporting the data over GSM environment. With the steady decrease in the cost of high-performing hardware and software, the increased acceptance of self-employed farming systems, and the emerging agricultural system industry, the results will be reliable control systems covering various aspects of quality and production quantity.
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Conference papers on the topic "Actin Based Motor Proteins"

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Barhorst, A. A., O. P. Harrison, and G. D. Bachand. "Modeling Elasto-Mechanical Phenomena Involved in the Motor-Driven Assembly of Nanomaterials." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34175.

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As the ability to manipulate materials and components at the nanoscale continues to grow, it will become increasingly critical to understand the dynamic interactions that occur among multiple components. For example, the dynamic interactions among proteins (i.e., nanoscale molecular machines) lead to complex, emergent behaviors such as photosynthesis, self-repair, and cell division. Recently, the research group at Sandia National Labs and The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), headed by George Bachand, has developed a molecular transport system capable of transporting and manipulating a wide range of nanoscale components. This system is based on the kinesin motor molecule and cytoskeletal filament microtubules (MTs), in which the kinesin are mounted to a substrate in an inverted fashion, and capable of binding and transporting the MTs across a surface as a molecular shuttle. In the presence of ATP, the kinesins are capable of generating ∼40 pN·nm of work, and transporting MTs along the substrate at velocities of ∼1 micro-m/sec. The MTs may also serve as a transport platform for various inorganic and biological nanoparticles. During transport, the cargo is transferred, via elastic collisions, from one MT to another or to where two MT carry a single cargo. Bending of the MT and various other elasto-dynamic phenomena such as particle ejection, MT sticking, etc are observed via fluorescence microscopy. The interaction observed by the Bachand team is not unlike the interaction of macroscale devices. The kinesin provide motivation to the MT via a hand-over-hand ratchet like motion driven by ATP hydrolysis. As the kinesin motor domains come into contact with and bind the MT, it is not inconceivable to think of this action from the framework of instantly applied constraints in a manner similar to the macroscopic action of devices coming into and out of constrained interaction. The hypothesis of our work is that the elasto-dynamic phenomenon observed can be modeled with the tools of multiple body dynamics modeling. The modeling perspective is based on the lead author’s hybrid parameter multiple body dynamics modeling methodology. This technique is a variational approach based on the projection methods of Gibbs-Appell. The constrained interaction through contact and impact are modeled with the idea of instantly applied non-holonomic constraints, where the interactions on the boundaries and in the domain of elastic continua are modeled via projections of the d’Alembert force deficit along conjugate directions generated via so called pseudo-generalized-speeds. In this paper we present motivation for our approach, the underlying modeling theory, and current results of our efforts at understanding the kinesin/MT shuttle system interaction.
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Aprodu, Iuliana, Alberto Redaelli, Franco Maria Montevecchi, and Monica Soncini. "Mechanical Characterization of Myosin II, Actin and Their Complexes by Molecular Mechanics Approach." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95670.

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The knowledge of the mechanical properties of myosin and actin is of a crucial importance in order to better understand the molecular mechanism of sliding force generation in muscle contraction. The aim of our work was to realize a mechanical characterization of myosin II and actin monomer using the molecular mechanics approach, by assessing the elastic properties of the two proteins, and by establishing the interaction forces between the two monomers of the actomyosin complex, and between myosin’s scissure and adenine nucleotides (ATP and ADP). A restraining method was used in order to modify the axial length of the proteins or the intermolecular distances. The interaction force and the stiffness were calculated as first and second order derivative of the potential energy with respect to the applied elongation and intermolecular distance respectively. According to our results, the values of elastic modulus of myosin motor domain and actin are 0.48 GPa, and 0.13 GPa respectively, and myosin-ATP complex is characterized by an attraction force of 130 pN which is twofold greater than the interaction force between myosin and ADP. As for the actomyosin complex, the interaction force has a maximum value of 180 pN. The results of our simulations comply with theoretical and experimental remarks about mechanical properties of myosin II, actin, and their complex.
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Martinez, R., Murat Kekic, Vlado Buljan, Dan V. Nicolau, and Cristobal G. dos Remedios. "A novel biosensor for mercuric ions based on motor proteins." In Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, edited by Dan V. Nicolau, Uwe R. Muller, and John M. Dell. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.548363.

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Puskar, Kathleen, Leonard Apeltsin, Shlomo Ta’asan, Russell Schwartz, and Philip R. LeDuc. "Bridging Mechanical Stimulation of Cellular and Molecular Structure Through Lattice Based Computational Simulations." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61613.

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Understanding the connection between mechanics and cell structure requires a critical exploration of molecular structure. One of these molecular bridges is known to be the cytoskeleton, which is involved with intracellular organization and mechanotransduction. In order to examine the structure in cells, we have developed a computational simulation that is able to probe the self-assembly of actin filaments through a lattice based Monte Carlo method. We have modeled the polymerization of these filaments based upon the interactions of globular actin through a probabilistic scheme with both inert and active proteins. The results show similar response to classic ordinary differential equations at low molecular concentrations, but a bi-phasic divergence at realistic concentrations for living mammalian cells. Further, these inert monomers have a limiting effect based upon their relative density ratios, which alter the polymerization process. Finally, by introducing localized mobility parameters, we are able to set up molecular gradients that are found in non-homogeneous protein distributions in vitro. This method and results have potential applications in cell and molecular biology as well as self assembly in inorganic systems.
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Fuentes, Daniela E., and Peter J. Butler. "Dynamics of Membrane Rafts, Talin, and Actin at Nascent and Mechanically Perturbed Focal Adhesions." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-54027.

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A single endothelial cell was deformed at the apical surface by binding a functionalized nanoelectrode probe to a predetermined location on the surface of the cell. After identifying the point of contact, as recognized by the electronic signature of the nanoelectrode, and allowing binding to the cell of the fibronectin-functionalized tip, a focal adhesion site was induced at the probe site. The probe was displaced thereby applying a prescribed shear deformation to the surface of the cell. Locations of membrane rafts were identified by cholera toxin, and focal adhesion proteins were assessed using RFP-talin, and GFP-actin. Mechanical coupling and kinetics of assembly of these labeled proteins were measured using time-lapse fluorescent images taken under 60X with a multi-point confocal scanner. Raft marker GM1, Actin, and Talin were observed to sequentially accumulate at probe site with different kinetics not only upon probe contact but also upon deformation. Following deformation, later transient motion of rafts in the opposite direction of initial deformation was observed suggesting that rafts recoil. In conclusion, we report a novel nanoelectrode-based method for controlled manipulation of the cell surface and observed mechanical coupling of focal adhesions and cross-linked lipid rafts.
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Hendricks, Adam G., Bogdan I. Epureanu, and Edgar Meyho¨fer. "Synchronization of Motor Proteins Coupled Through a Shared Load." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15752.

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Kinesin-1 is a processive molecular motor that converts the energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and thermal fluctuations into motion along microtubules. This motion can be interpreted as a result of ATP-fueled nonlinear nonsmooth oscillations of coupled motor domains which interact with a microtubule to transport a cargo. This class of nano-scale motors transport cargoes for distances of several micrometers in cells. This transport can also be achieved in vitro, opening the possibility of developing robust and extremely versatile nano-scale actuators or sensors based on the machinery used by biological systems. These devices could be used in a range of nano-scale applications such as drug delivery and lab-on-a-chip. However, to design such systems, a quantitative, in-depth understanding of molecular motors is essential. Single-molecule techniques have allowed the experimental characterization of kinesin-1 in vitro at a range of loads and ATP concentrations. Existing models of kinesin movement are stochastic in nature and are not well suited to describing transient dynamics. However, kinesin-1 is expected to undergo transient dynamics when external perturbations (e.g. interaction with other kinesin molecules) cause the load to vary in time. It is thought that in the cell, several kinesin motors work cooperatively to transport a common load. Thus, a transient description is integral to capturing kinesin behavior. This paper presents a mechanistic model that describes, deterministically, the average motion of kinesin-1. The structure of the kinesin-1 molecule is approximated with a simplified geometry, explicitly describing the coupling between its two heads. The diffusion is modeled using a novel approach based on the mean first-passage time, where the potential in which the free head diffuses is time varying and updated at each instant during the motion. The mechanistic model is able to predict existing force-velocity data over a wide range of ATP concentrations (including the interval 1μM to 10 mM). More importantly, the model provides a transient description, allowing predictions of kinesin-1 pulling time-varying loads and coordinated transport involving several kinesin-1 molecules. The deterministic approach is validated by comparing results to experiments and Monte Carlo simulations of the stochastic dynamics. Furthermore, using this model, the synchronization of several kinesin-1 molecules transporting a common load is investigated. Novel methods to characterize synchronization, tailored to the particularities of these nonsmooth systems, are presented.
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Agrawal, Amit, Xiaohu Gao, Nitin Nitin, Gang Bao, and Shuming Nie. "Quantum Dots and FRET-Nanobeads for Probing Genes, Proteins, and Drug Targets in Single Cells." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43598.

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Quantum dots are tiny light-emitting particles on the length scale of 2–10 nm, and FRET-nanobeads for fluorophore-embedded nanoparticles on the length scale of 40–200 nm based on the phenomenon of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). These materials are emerging as a new class of biological labels with properties and applications that are not available with traditional organic dyes and fluorescent proteins. In this ASME contribution, we report new developments in using semiconductor quantum dots for quantitative imaging and spectroscopy of single cancer cells. We also show results from intracellular staining of actin filaments using FRET-nanobeads. These results raise new possibilities in disease diagnostics, drug and biochemical discovery, cancer imaging, molecular profiling, and disease staging.
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Holle, Andrew W., Juan Carlos Del Alamo, and Adam J. Engler. "Focal Adhesion Mechanotransduction Regulates Stiffness-Directed Differentiation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14676.

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Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are capable of differentiating into mesodermal lineages, with their fate mirroring the tissue lineage possessing a matching in vivo stiffness. The precise mechanisms responsible for this mechanotransduction-induced change in fate are unknown beyond the requirement for force transmission from the extracellular niche through to the nucleus. As a result of cellular contraction, linker proteins connecting the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are exposed to differing levels of force and deform to different extents based on the adjacent ECM’s stiffness. Therefore, some of these linker proteins could act as ‘molecular strain gauges,’ as they have been shown to unfold in response to this force. The unfolding process could result in exposure of cryptic binding sites and induction of new signaling pathways. For example, talin exposes multiple vinculin binding sites under physiological force [1]. Vinculin binds at either end to talin and actin and is thought to change its conformation in conjunction with this force [2] similar to how a strain gauge works. Here we show that force-dependent changes in vinculin recruit MAPK1, inducing a signaling cascade that results in the expression of myogenic markers. Together these data suggest that specific proteins may act as ‘molecular strain gauges’ and play a role in mechanosensitive stem cell differentiation.
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Sharma, G., M. Badescu, A. Dubey, C. Mavroidis, T. Sessa, S. M. Tomassone, and M. L. Yarmush. "Kinematics and Workspace Analysis of Protein Based Nano-Motors." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57569.

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Kinematic and workspace analyses are performed to predict the performance of a new nanoscale biomolecular motor: The Viral Protein Linear (VPL) Motor. The motor is based on a conformational change observed in a family of viral envelope proteins when subjected to a changing pH environment. The conformational change produces a motion of about 10 nm, making the VPL a basic linear actuator, which can be further interfaced with other organic/inorganic nanoscale components such as DNA actuators and carbon nanotubes. This paper presents the principle of operation of the VPL motor and the development of direct and inverse kinematic models for workspace analysis. Preliminary results obtained from the developed computational tools are presented.
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Yamaguchi, Laís Ciribelli, Jéssica Cristina Silveira Damasceno, Bruna Queiróz Vieira, Laura Altomare Fonseca Campos, Marcelo Sobrinho Mendonça, and Thiago Cardoso Vale. "Pure motor-variant CIDP associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.640.

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Introduction: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disease with many possible etiologies. There are only a few reports of CIDP secondary to the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The aim is to describe a case of CIDP secondary to the treatment of metastatic melanoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab and nivolumab). Case report: A 52-year-old male patient, with arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism, presented with paresthesia and pain in the hands and forearms in November/22, that progressively spread and affected the feet in a one-month period. He then presented proximal and distal tetraparesis in January/23, leading him to depend on a wheelchair. At the time, he was being treated with immunotherapy for metastases in the pectoral muscles due to a melanoma. Symptoms’ onset and progression coincided with the therapy infusions. On examination, there were a grade 4 strength in flexion, extension, abduction and adduction of the thighs and grade 5 in other movements, with global areflexia and tactile hypoesthesia in the feet. Cerebrospinal fluid examination (CSF) showed 11 cells, predominantly with lymphocytes, and 283 mg/dL of proteins. Electromyographic studies revealed focal demyelinating neuropathy of the medians at the wrist level, with moderate to severe intensity on the right and moderate on the left, suggestive of pure motor-variant CIDP. Methylprednisolone 1g/day was given for five days with significant improvement of the condition. Results: The 2021 EFNS/PSN criteria provide diagnostic guidelines for CIDP based on clinical, electromyographic and CSF studies. Conclusion: CIDP secondary to the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has distinct characteristics such as lymphocytic pleocytosis with slightly increased CSF cellularity and severe neuropathic pain as an initial symptom.
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Reports on the topic "Actin Based Motor Proteins"

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Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Mohamad Abu-Abied. Studies of Novel Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins that are Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592652.bard.

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In the original proposal we planned to focus on two proteins related to the actin cytoskeleton: TCH2, a touch-induced calmodulin-like protein which was found by us to interact with the IQ domain of myosin VIII, ATM1; and ERD10, a dehydrin which was found to associate with actin filaments. As reported previously, no other dehydrins were found to interact with actin filaments. In addition so far we were unsuccessful in confirming the interaction of TCH2 with myosin VIII using other methods. In addition, no other myosin light chain candidates were found in a yeast two hybrid survey. Nevertheless we have made a significant progress in our studies of the role of myosins in plant cells. Plant myosins have been implicated in various cellular activities, such as cytoplasmic streaming (1, 2), plasmodesmata function (3-5), organelle movement (6-10), cytokinesis (4, 11, 12), endocytosis (4, 5, 13-15) and targeted RNA transport (16). Plant myosins belong to two main groups of unconventional myosins: myosin XI and myosin VIII, both closely related to myosin V (17-19). The Arabidopsis myosin family contains 17 members: 13 myosin XI and four myosin VIII (19, 20). The data obtained from our research of myosins was published in two papers acknowledging BARD funding. To address whether specific myosins are involved with the motility of specific organelles, we cloned the cDNAs from neck to tail of all 17 Arabidopsis myosins. These were fused to GFP and used as dominant negative mutants that interact with their cargo but are unable to walk along actin filaments. Therefore arrested organelle movement in the presence of such a construct shows that a particular myosin is involved with the movement of that particular organelle. While no mutually exclusive connections between specific myosins and organelles were found, based on overexpression of dominant negative tail constructs, a group of six myosins (XIC, XIE, XIK, XI-I, MYA1 and MYA2) were found to be more important for the motility of Golgi bodies and mitochondria in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum (8). Further deep and thorough analysis of myosin XIK revealed a potential regulation by head and tail interaction (Avisar et al., 2011). A similar regulatory mechanism has been reported for animal myosin V and VIIa (21, 22). In was shown that myosin V in the inhibited state is in a folded conformation such that the tail domain interacts with the head domain, inhibiting its ATPase and actinbinding activities. Cargo binding, high Ca2+, and/or phosphorylation may reduce the interaction between the head and tail domains, thus restoring its activity (23). Our collaborative work focuses on the characterization of the head tail interaction of myosin XIK. For this purpose the Israeli group built yeast expression vectors encoding the myosin XIK head. In addition, GST fusions of the wild-type tail as well as a tail mutated in the amino acids that mediate head to tail interaction. These were sent to the US group who is working on the isolation of recombinant proteins and performing the in vitro assays. While stress signals involve changes in Ca2+ levels in plants cells, the cytoplasmic streaming is sensitive to Ca2+. Therefore plant myosin activity is possibly regulated by stress. This finding is directly related to the goal of the original proposal.
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Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Zvi Kam Weizmann. functional genomic screen for new plant cytoskeletal proteins and the determination of their role in actin mediated functions and guard cells regulation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587725.bard.

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The original objectives of the approved proposal were: 1. To construct a YFP fused Arabidopsis cDNA library in a mammalian expression vector. 2. To infect the library into a host fibroblast cell line and to screen for new cytoskeletal associated proteins using an automated microscope. 3. Isolate the new genes. 4. Characterize their role in plants. The project was approved as a feasibility study to allow proof of concept that would entail building the YFP library and picking up a couple of positive clones using the fluorescent screen. We report here on the construction of the YFP library, the development of the automatic microscope, the establishment of the screen and the isolation of positive clones that are plant cDNAs encoding cytoskeleton associated proteins. The rational underling a screen of plant library in fibroblasts is based on the high conservation of the cytoskeleton building blocks, actin and tubulin, between the two kingdoms (80-90% homology at the level of amino acids sequence). In addition, several publications demonstrated the recognition of mammalian cytoskeleton by plant cytoskeletal binding proteins and vice versa. The major achievements described here are: 1. The development of an automated microscope equipped with fast laser auto-focusing for high magnification and a software controlling 6 dimensions; X, Y position, auto focus, time, color, and the distribution and density of the fields acquired. This system is essential for the high throughput screen. 2. The construction of an extremely competent YFP library efficiently cloned (tens of thousands of clones collected, no empty vectors detected) with all inserts oriented 5't03'. These parameters render it well representative of the whole transcriptome and efficient in "in-frame" fusion to YFP. 3. The strategy developed for the screen allowing the isolation of individual positive cDNA clones following three rounds of microscopic scans. The major conclusion accomplished from the work described here is that the concept of using mammalian host cells for fishing new plant cytoskeletal proteins is feasible and that screening system developed is complete for addressing one of the major bottlenecks of the plant cytoskeleton field: the need for high throughput identification of functionally active cytoskeletal proteins. The new identified plant cytoskeletal proteins isolated in the pilot screen and additional new proteins which will be isolated in a comprehensive screen will shed light on cytoskeletal mediated processes playing a major role in cellular activities such as cell division, morphogenesis, and functioning such as chloroplast positioning, pollen tube and root hair elongation and the movement of guard cells. Therefore, in the long run the screen described here has clear agricultural implications.
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