Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Actif contours'
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Derraz, Foued. "Segmentation optimale par contour actif géométrique binaire rapide." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/cedd31dd-6ea7-4767-b505-64212f64b7d9.
Full textPrecioso, Frédéric. "Contours actifs paramétriques pour la segmentationd'images et vidéos." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327411.
Full textAit, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif base région." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2143/.
Full textObject segmentation and tracking is a challenging area of ongoing research in computer vision. One important application lies in robotics where the ability to accurately segment an object of interest from its background is crucial and particularly on images acquired onboard during robot motion. Object segmentation technique consists in separating the object region from the image background according to a pre-defined criterion. Object tracking is a process of determining the positions of moving objects in image sequences. Several techniques can be applied to ensure these operations. In this thesis, we are interested to segment and track objects in video sequences using active contour method due to its robustness and efficiency to segment and track non-rigid objects. Active contour method consists in making a curve converge from an initial position around the object to be detected towards this object boundary according to a pre-defined criterion. We employ criteria which depend on the image regions what may impose certain constraints on the characteristics of these regions as a homogeneity assumption. This assumption may not always be verified due to the heterogeneity often present in images. In order to cope with the heterogeneity that may appear either in the object of interest or in the image background in noisy images using an inadequate active contour initialization, we propose a technique that combines local and global statistics in order to compute the segmentation criterion. By using a radius with a fixed size, a half-disk is superposed on each point of the active contour to define the local extraction regions. However, when the heterogeneity appears on both the object of interest and the image background, we develop a new technique based on a flexible radius that defines two half-disks with two different radius values to extract the local information. The choice of the value of these two radii is determined by taking into consideration the object size as well as the distance separating the object of interest from its neighbors. Finally, to track a mobile object within a video sequence using the active contour method, we develop a hybrid object tracking approach based on region characteristics and on motion vector of interest points extracted on the object region. Using our approach, the initial active contour for each image will be adequately adjusted in a way that it will be as close as possible to the actual boundary of the object of interest so that the evolution of active contour based on characteristics of the region will not be trapped by false contours. Simulation results on synthetic and real images validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Hueber, Eric. "Segmentation d'images par contour actif : implantation optique avec un corrélateur incohérent ombroscopique." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002984.
Full textoptoélectronique destiné à segmenter par contour actif des images
réelles. Le processus de segmentation est fondé sur des algorithmes
statistiques itératifs qui contiennent des opérations de corrélation.
Notre première contribution a été de les adapter pour bénéficier de la
rapidité de la rapidité des corrélations optiques.
Nous avons conçu et mis en œuvre un corrélateur incohérent ombroscopique
dont les résultats ont pu valider cette approche optoélectronique de la
segmentation par contour actif.
Afin d'accélérer le processus, nous avons ensuite exploité les capacités
de traitement parallèle de l'optique. La configuration multicanal permet
alors d'accélérer sensiblement la segmentation.
Cette thèse ouvre de nouvelles perpectives pour les processeurs optiques
vers des applications de description et met en lumière les grandes
capacités de traitement des corrélateurs incohérents utilisés comme
calculateurs parallèles.
Trebuchet, Guillaume. "Segmentation par contours actifs de séquences de vélocimétrie IRM Application aux artères carotides." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956813.
Full textTrimeche, Iyèd. "Segmentation et analyse quantitative des vaisseaux sanguins de la rétine en optique adaptative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS169.
Full textAdaptive Optical Ophthalmoscopy (AOO) images of the eye fundus allow visualization of retinal vessels with high resolution, in particular arterial bifurcations and their wall thickness, suitable for morphometric biomarker measurements.The objective of this thesis is to study the morphometry of retinal vessels in AOO images, by determining the different biomarkers characterizing blood flow and which are extracted from the estimation of the diameters and the wall thickness of the branches at the bifurcations.We propose two methods for segmentation of retinal vessels in these images. The first is semi-automatic, it extends a previous approach, treating branches of retinal vessels, to the segmentation of bifurcations. The second is a fully automatic hybrid approach, based on a modified U-Net convolutional neural network and active contours, to segment the branches and bifurcations of retinal vessels with high precision.We thus propose a reproducible and automatic measurement technique to extract the diajavascript:nouvelleZone('contenuS-2');meters of the branches of the bifurcations and calculate the biomarkers for three populations: control subjects, diabetic subjects and Cadasil subjects. The experimental results show that the precision of our semi-automatic and fully automatic approaches lies within the range of intra- and inter-user variability, which allowed us to perform a robust statistical study on the extracted biomarkers in order to differentiate the control subjects and pathological subjects
Liu, Siwei. "Apport d'un algorithme de segmentation ultra-rapide et non supervisé pour la conception de techniques de segmentation d'images bruitées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4371.
Full textImage segmentation is an important step in many image processing systems and many problems remain unsolved. It has recently been shown that when the image is composed of two homogeneous regions, polygonal active contour techniques based on the minimization of a criterion derived from information theory allow achieving an ultra-fast algorithm which requires neither parameter to tune in the optimized criterion, nor a priori knowledge on the gray level fluctuations. This algorithm can then be used as a fast and unsupervised processing module. The objective of this thesis is therefore to show how this ultra-fast and unsupervised algorithm can be used as a module in the conception of more complex segmentation techniques, allowing to overcome several limits and particularly:- to be robust to the presence of strong inhomogeneity in the image which is often inherent in the acquisition process, such as non-uniform illumination, attenuation, etc.;- to be able to segment disconnected objects by polygonal active contour without complicating the optimization strategy;- to segment multi-region images while estimating in an unsupervised way the number of homogeneous regions in the image.For each of these three problems, unsupervised segmentation techniques based on the optimization of Minimum Description Length criteria have been obtained, which do not require the tuning of parameter by user or a priori information on the kind of noise in the image. Moreover, it has been shown that fast segmentation techniques can be achieved using this segmentation module, while keeping reduced implementation complexity
Peng, Ting. "Nouveaux modèles de contours actifs d'ordre supérieur, formes «a priori» et analyse multi-échelle : leurs application à l'extraction de réseaux routiers à partir des images satellitaires à très haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349768.
Full textBerger, Marie-Odile. "Les contours actifs : modélisation, comportement et convergence." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_BERGER_M_O.pdf.
Full textJodouin, Sylvie. "Les contours actifs pour l'actualisation des données topographiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4551.
Full textJodouin, Sylvie. "Les contours actifs pour l'actualisation des données topographiques." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2002.
Find full textPrecioso, Frédéric. "Contours actifs paramétriques pour la segmentation d'images et vidéos." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4078.
Full textActive contour modelling represents the main framework of this thesis. Active contours are dynamic methods applied to segmentation of till images and video. The goal is to extract regions corresponding to semantic objects. Image and video segmentation can be cast in a minimization framework by choosing a criterion which includes region and boundary functional. The minimization is achieved through the propagation of a region-based active contour. The efficiency of these methods lies in their robustness and their accuracy. The aim of this thesis is triple : to develop (i) a model of parametric curve providing a smooth active contour, to precise (ii) conditions of stable evolution for such curves, and to reduce (iii) the computation cost of our algorithm in order to provide an efficient solution for real time applications. We mainly consider constraints on contour regularity providing a better robustness regarding to noisy data. In the framework of active contour, we focus on stability of the propagation force, on handling topology changes and convergence conditions. We chose cubic splines curves. Such curves provide great properties of regularity allow an exact computation for analytic expressions involved in the functional and reduce highly the coputation cost. Furthermore, we extended the well-known model-based on interpolating splines to an approximating model based smoothing splines. This latter converts the interpolation error into increased smoothness, smaller energy of the second derivative. The flexibility of this new model provides a tunable balance between accuracy and robustness. The efficiency of implementating such parametric active contour spline-based models has been illustrated for several applications of segmentation process
Delmas, Patrice. "Extraction des contours des lèvres d'un visage parlant par contours actifs-application a la parole multimodale." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0027.
Full textAllier, Bénédicte. "Contribution à la numérisation des collections : apports des contours actifs." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0070/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is the reverse-engineering (or dematerialization) of particular printed documents coming from the Archives of Savoy. This task consists in converting the original paper documents into a special format that takes into account the metadata included in the images. The methods developed since then in the 1980's gave birth to a particular field of research called Document Engineering. Image Processing appeared at the same time, but the both disciplines never met. One of the aims of this work is to make them coexist, seeking in image processing for generic clues to solve classical problems in Document Engineering. This is why we developed analyzing tools at various levels: by proposing a method for the functional labeling of text blacks (based on texture caracterisation) and by proposing a method for the reconstruction of degraded character shapes (that is as compliant to the original characters as possible). This work opens more generally to the develOQJ2ement of specific image processing tools 12articluarly addressed to document images
Allier, Bénédicte Emptoz Hubert. "Contribution à la numérisation des collections apports des contours actifs /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=allier.
Full textAhmed, Fareed. "Un nouvel a priori de formes pour les contours actifs." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4008/document.
Full textActive contours are widely used for image segmentation. There are many implementations of active contours. The greedy algorithm is being regarded as one of the fastest and stable implementations. No matter which implementation is being employed, the segmentation results suffer greatly in the presence of occlusion, context noise, concavities or abnormal deformation of shape. If some prior knowledge about the shape of the object is available, then its addition to an existing model can greatly improve the segmentation results. In this thesis inclusion of such shape constraints for explicit active contours is being implemented. These shape priors are introduced through the use of robust Fourier based descriptors which makes them invariant to the translation, scaling and rotation factors and enables the deformable model to converge towards the prior shape even in the presence of occlusion and contextual noise. Unlike most existing methods which compare the reference shape and evolving contour in the spatial domain by applying the inverse transforms, our proposed method realizes such comparisons entirely in the descriptor space. This not only decreases the computational time but also allows our method to be independent of the number of control points chosen for the description of the active contour. This formulation however, may introduce certain anomalies in the phase of the descriptors which affects the rotation invariance. This problem has been solved by an original algorithm. Experimental results clearly indicate that the inclusion of these shape priors significantly improved the segmentation results of the active contour model being used
Bossart, Pierre-Louis. "Détection de contours réguliers dans des images bruitées et texturées : association des contours actifs et d'une approche multiéchelle." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0098.
Full textGastaud, Muriel. "Modèles de contours actifs pour la segmentation d'images et de vidéos." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089384.
Full textLa contribution de cette thèse réside dans l'élaboration et l'étude de différents descripteurs de région. Pour chaque critère, nous calculons la dérivée du critère à l'aide des gradients de forme, et en déduisons l'équation d'évolution du contour actif.
Le premier descripteur définit un a priori géométrique sans contrainte paramétrique: il minimise la distance du contour actif à un contour de référence. Nous l'avons appliqué à la déformation de courbe, la segmentation et le suivi de cible.
Le deuxième descripteur caractérise le mouvement de l'objet par un modèle de mouvement. Le critère associé définit conjointement une région et son mouvement sur plusieurs images consécutives. Nous avons appliqué ce critère à l'estimation et la segmentation conjointe du mouvement et au suivi d'objets en mouvement.
Rousselle, Jean-Jacques. "Les contours actifs, une méthode de ségmentation : application à l'imagerie médicale." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4032.
Full textThe segmentation methods of images are numerous ; all have advantages but do not give full satisfaction. All must be adapted according to the application which has to be carried out. Active contours or deformable models made it possible to avoid to chain the contour points but require the adjustment of many parameters. Active contours that we have studied are implemented using a greedy algorithm. First, we propose an alternative based on a minimization by genetic algorithm. Then we propose three approaches to regulate the parameters which control the evolution of contour. Design of experiments makes it possible from a set of images to very quickly choose a set of powerful parameters. The genetic algorithms can be used to optimize the parameters. Finally we propose an original approach where the parameters are local and randomly defined. These autonomous snake allow an evolution of contours without any adjustment. The applications use various images, but in particular medical images
Ruch, Olivier. "Reconnaissance des formes par Contour Actif Statistique - Application à l'imagerie optronique active." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30058.
Full textActive systems allow image acquisition both during day and night, with a highest resolution than the infra-red equipments do. Nevertheless, the main drawback of these systems compared to the classical optical sensors is that the obtained images are strongly corruptedby the speckle effect, and therefore their automatic interpretation is drastically limited. In this thesis, we propose to study in which way the Statistical Polygonal Snake (SPS) can be used in orderto perform the recognition of objects in speckled images. The recognition method which has been considered is the nearest neighbour algorithm; we select the reference which is the most similar to the silhouette obtained with the SPS by evaluating a given similarity function between contours
Chesnaud, Christophe. "Techniques statistiques de segmentation par contour actif et mise en oeuvre rapide." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30005.
Full textDebreuve, Eric. "Segmentation par contours actifs en imagerie médicale dynamique : application en cardiologie nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506987.
Full textCohen, Laurent David. "Etude des modèles de contours actifs et d'autres techniques de traitement d'images." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112323.
Full textDebreuve, Éric. "Segmentation par contours actifs en imagerie médicale dynamique : application en cardiologie nucléaire." Nice, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506987.
Full textDjemal, Khalifa. "Segmentation par contour actif et suivi automatique d'un objet dans une séquence d'images." Toulon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUL0017.
Full textMoreau-Gaudry, Alexandre. "Modélisation géométrique de bifurcations." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006751.
Full textJehan-Besson, Stéphanie. "Modèles de contours actifs basés régions pour la segmentation d'images et de vidéos." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089867.
Full textNous proposons de segmenter les régions ou objets en minimisant une fonctionnelle composée d'intégrales de régions et d'intégrales de contours. Dans ce cadre de travail, les fonctions caractérisant les régions ou les contours sont appelées "descripteurs''. La recherche du minimum se fait via la propagation d'un contour actif dit basé régions. L'équation d'évolution associée est calculée en utilisant les outils de dérivation de domaines. Par ailleurs, nous prenons en compte le cas des descripteurs dépendant de la région qui évoluent au cours de la propagation du contour. Nous montrons que cette dépendance induit des termes supplémentaires dans l'équation d'évolution.
Le cadre de travail développé est ensuite mis en oeuvre pour des applications variées de segmentation. Tout d'abord, des descripteurs statistiques basés sur le déterminant de la matrice de covariance sont étudiés pour la segmentation du visage. L'estimation des paramètres statistiques se fait conjointement à la segmentation. Nous proposons ensuite des descripteurs statistiques utilisant une distance à un histogramme de référence. Enfin, la détection des objets en mouvement dans les séquences à caméra fixe et mobile est opérée via l'utilisation hierarchique de descripteurs basés mouvement et de descripteurs spatiaux.
Trébuchet, Guillaume. "Segmentation par contours actifs de séquences de vélocimétrie IRM : application aux artères carotides." Angers, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956813.
Full textMRI Velocimetry is a useful modality to explore cardiovascular disease. The sequence of phase contrast MRI has the characteristic of providing both anatomical information and the physiological data, thus allow to measure geometric properties of vessels and blood flows. The purpose of this thesis is to automate the segmentation of vessels and velocimetry measurements, manual processing is inadequate to operate the MRI velocimetry for a diagnostic in clinical routine. The work led to propose a segmentation method based on active contours guided by an information region ("region-based" approach), unlike conventional approaches focusing only on cross-border regions ("edge-based" approach). This "region-based" approach was evaluated on data from a phantom made to provide an objective reference. A second evaluation was conducted on the basis of 28 carotid arteries (14 patients) manually segmented by an expert radiologist. The results of the "phantom" data show that the "edge-based" approach leads to an error in measuring the area of the lumen of the segmented carotid and extent linked flows, respectively 18. 4 % and 3. 6%. These errors are larger than those obtained using the proposed approach (respectively 2. 3 % and 0. 7 %). This benefit appears much higher on the database of patients with an underestimation of areas and blood flow, respectively 40. 5 % and 26. 5 % for the "edge-based" approach, against 14. 7 and 6. 4 % for the proposed approach
Foulonneau, Alban. "Une contribution à l'introduction de contraintes géométriques dans les contours actifs orientés région." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13140.
Full textAit, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif basé région." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932263.
Full textGermain, Olivier. "Segmentation d'images radar : caractérisation des détecteurs de bord et apport des contours actifs statistiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30003.
Full textSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAP) allows high resolution Earth observation in any weather condition, both day and night. The drawback of such a system compared to classical optical sensors that it provides images strongly corrupted by the speckle effect, whose automatic interpretation therefore drastically limited. This thesis is devoted to SAR image segmentation, which is a fund mental step to facilitate and improve the analysis of the image. Work is performed according two main lines. Firstly, we characterize the spatial accuracy of a speckle-dedicated family of edge detectors, that commonly used in SAR imagery. We show in particular that these detectors deliver a biased edje location in some situations where the analyzing window is not adapted to the edge (tilted edge, sinuous edge, correlated speckle). A simple phenomenological model is proposed to describe this property and give an approximative expression of the bias. Secondly, we use the technique of Statistical Active Contour (SAC) to improve the location of the contour of one object in a scene. Used in cooperation with the edge detector, the SAC offers notable refinement of the segmentation, by correcting the bias and reducing the variance on the contour location. .
Jaegler, Arnaud. "Segmentation d'image échographique par minimisation de la complexité stochastique en vue du diagnostic sénologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30002.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to propose and study a segmentation method adapted to echographic ultrasound imaging that could be clinically operational (i.e. fast and parameter-free) and robust to both the speckle noise and the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal in the medium. The solutions we studied rely on statistical active contour methods that are based on the Minimization of the Stochastic Complexity (MSC). The impact on the segmentation results of several speckle noise models that still lead to fast segmentation algorithms has been characterized. A key feature of these models, that appears to be crucial for both the segmentation and the speckle characterization, is the ability to take into account the spatial variation of the average intensity induced by the attenuation of the signal in the medium. In addition, we proposed a hierarchical optimization strategy that improves segmentation results and decreases the computation time.Finally, a novel contour model that is adapted to smooth boundaries that are met in medical imaging is also proposed for the considered MSC segmentation algorithms. The construction of this contour model relies on Information Theory concepts. It still allows one to get low computation times and does not contain any tuning parameter. Evaluations performed on synthetic images and real echographic phantom images indicate that this contour model provides better segmentation results for smooth inclusions that usually compose the echographic images
Hafri, Mohamed. "Segmentation de l'os cortical pour la prédiction des fractures ostéoporotiques. Application à l'imagerie in vivo (HRpQCT)." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2052/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the segmentation of HRpQCT images and the evaluation of the cortical bone parameters for the osteoporosis characterization and the fracture prediction. Firstly, two approaches were proposed to segment the cortical bone. The first uses a new fuzzy energy active contours approach followed by a new filling technique designed to mimic the behaviour of clinicians while extracting the cortical bone from the trabecularone. The second approach is a local based 3D dual active contours approach proposed to separate between three regions constituting the image. To move, this approach combines the local information along each point in the two contours conjointly with the information between them. The segmentation results of these approaches were confronted to the state of the art methods to validate their performance. Secondly,different parameters were extracted from the segmented cortical bone to monitor the association of these parameters with the osteoporotic fracture prediction. Global analysis of the cortical bone obscures potentially important regional variations. Therefore, regional cortical decomposition was proposed to illustrate that cortical sub-regions could improve the evaluation of fracture risk than the global analysis of the cortical bone
Xu, Yanli. "Une mesure de non-stationnarité générale : Application en traitement d'images et du signaux biomédicaux." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0090/document.
Full textThe intensity variation is often used in signal or image processing algorithms after being quantified by a measurement method. The method for measuring and quantifying the intensity variation is called a « change measure », which is commonly used in methods for signal change detection, image edge detection, edge-based segmentation models, feature-preserving smoothing, etc. In these methods, the « change measure » plays such an important role that their performances are greatly affected by the result of the measurement of changes. The existing « change measures » may provide inaccurate information on changes, while processing biomedical images or signals, due to the high noise level or the strong randomness of the signals. This leads to various undesirable phenomena in the results of such methods. On the other hand, new medical imaging techniques bring out new data types and require new change measures. How to robustly measure changes in theos tensor-valued data becomes a new problem in image and signal processing. In this context, a « change measure », called the Non-Stationarity Measure (NSM), is improved and extended to become a general and robust « change measure » able to quantify changes existing in multidimensional data of different types, regarding different statistical parameters. A NSM-based change detection method and a NSM-based edge detection method are proposed and respectively applied to detect changes in ECG and EEG signals, and to detect edges in the cardiac diffusion weighted (DW) images. Experimental results show that the NSM-based detection methods can provide more accurate positions of change points and edges and can effectively reduce false detections. A NSM-based geometric active contour (NSM-GAC) model is proposed and applied to segment the ultrasound images of the carotid. Experimental results show that the NSM-GAC model provides better segmentation results with less iterations that comparative methods and can reduce false contours and leakages. Last and more important, a new feature-preserving smoothing approach called « Nonstationarity adaptive filtering (NAF) » is proposed and applied to enhance human cardiac DW images. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a better compromise between the smoothness of the homogeneous regions and the preservation of desirable features such as boundaries, thus leading to homogeneously consistent tensor fields and consequently a more reconstruction of the coherent fibers
Tauber, Clovis. "Filtrage anisotrope robuste et segmentation par B-spline snake : application aux images échographiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7357/1/tauber1.pdf.
Full textMeziou, Leïla. "Segmentation par contours actifs basés alpha-divergences : application à la segmentation d'images médicales et biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920443.
Full textCladel, Nicolas. "Optimisation multicritères de contours actifs par algorithmes génétiques : application à la segmentation de la bouche." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S078.
Full textMeziou, Leïla Ikram. "Segmentation par contours actifs basés alpha-divergences : application à la segmentation d’images médicales et biomédicales." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0635/document.
Full textIn the particular field of Computer-Aided-Diagnosis, the segmentation of particular regions of interest corresponding usually to organs is still a challenging issue mainly because of the various existing for which the charateristics of acquisition are very different (corrupting noise for instance). In this context, this PhD work introduces an original histogram-based active contour segmentation using alpha-divergence family as similarity measure. The method keypoint are twofold: (i) the flexibility of alpha-divergences whose metric could be parametrized using alpha value can be adaptedto the statistical distribution of the different regions of the image and (ii) the ability of alpha-divergence ability to enbed standard distances like the Kullback-Leibler's divergence or the Hellinger's one makes these divergences an interesting unifying tool.In this document, first, we propose a supervised version of proposed approach:. In this particular case, the iterative process of segmentation comes from alpha-divergenceminimization between the current probability density function and a reference one which can be manually defined for instance. In a second part, we focus on the non-supervised version of the method inorder to be able.In that particular case, the alpha-divergence maximization between probabilitydensity functions of inner and outer regions defined by the active contour is maximized. In addition, we propose an optimization scheme of the alpha parameter jointly with the optimization of the divergence in order to adapt iteratively the divergence to the inner statistics of processed data. Furthermore, a comparative study is proposed between the different segmentation schemes : first, on synthetic images then, on natural images. Finally, we focus on different kinds of biomedical images (cellular confocal microscopy) and medical ones (X-ray) for computer-aided diagnosis
Guillot, Laurence. "Segmentation par contours actifs et flux de vecteurs gradients : application à des images de tuffeau." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2013.
Full textHerbulot, Ariane. "Mesures statistiques non-paramétriques pour la segmentation d'images et de vidéos et minimisation par contours actifs." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507087.
Full textAllili, Mohand Saïd. "Segmentation d'images et suivi d'objets en vidéos approches par estimation, sélection de caractéristiques et contours actifs." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5118.
Full textSelsis, Muriel. "Application des modèles de contours actifs au suivi et à la localisation 3D d'objets en mouvement." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10021.
Full textMartin, Pascal. "Application du principe de minimisation de la complexité stochastique à la segmentation d'images bruitées par contour actif." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30010.
Full textImage segmentation consists in divise an image into differents regions of interest. It occurs in many application areas and the processed images can thus be corrupted with noise of various physical origin. Most of the developped segmentation techniques are based on the optimization of a criterion that has at least one parameter to be tune by the user. In this work, we present segmentation algorithms in two regions based on the minimization of the stochastic complexity of the image. In particular, we propose an original nonparametric statistical modelization of the fluctuations of the gray levels. We thus obtain the first segmentation technique adapted to the noise present in the segmented image without \emph{a priori} knowledge of the probability laws which describe it and which is based on the optimization of a criterion without parameter to be tuned by the user
Rochery, Marie. "Contours actifs d'ordre supérieur et leur application à la détection de linéiques dans les images de télédétection." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4036.
Full textThis thesis addresses the question of how to introduce prior knowledge about the shape of an object to be detected in the general framework of object recognition from images. We illustrate this idea with the problem of line network extraction from satellite and aerial images. We use the framework of active contours, which has been extensively used in image processing for object extraction. We introduce a whole new class of active contours, named "higher-order active contours". This class allows us to define new models that incorporate sophisticated prior geometric knowledge describing, rather than a specific shape, a general family of shapes. We first study a particular case of a geometric quadratic energy that favours network structures composed of arms of roughly constant width joined at junctions. This energy demonstrates the modelling possibilities offered by the new class of active contours. The geometric quadratic energy is added to the linear terms length and area, and is used as a geometric prior for the line network extraction models we propose. Several image terms are defined, one of them being a quadratic term linking the geometry of contour points and the data. A model for extraction in presence of occlusions is also presented. In order to minimize these energies, we develop an algorithm based on the level set methodology. The non-local forces of the gradient descent equation are computed on the extracted contour, before being extended to the whole domain. Finally, in order to solve certain difficulties with both standard active contours and the new models, we propose to use phase field models to model regions
Amer, Fawzy. "Les algorithmes d'extraction de contours ligne par ligne." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI235.
Full textRochery, Marie. "Contours actifs d´ordre supérieur et leur application à la détection de linéiques dans des images de télédétection." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010631.
Full textLecellier, François. "Les Contours actifs basés région avec à priori de bruit, de texture et de forme : Application à l'échocardiographie." Phd thesis, Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2012.
Full textThe objective of this work is the design and the implementation of a generic method for medical images segmentation which can adapt to the constant evolution of acquisition techniques and medical experts requirements. Segmentation of medical images requires prior knowledges, on the contaminating noise, on texture or/and shape of the objects to be segmented. Towards this end, we adopt a method able to combine elegantly all these prior information, namely: region based active contours. This method consists in deforming an initial contour toward the boundaries of the desired object. The deformation of the curve is deduced from the shape derivative of a functional to optimized. Our main contribution lies in the achievement of general criteria that allow the addition of prior information. Regarding the noise model, the criterion consists in the optimization of a general function of a pdf belonging to the parametric exponential family. We shed the light on the influence of the estimation method in the evolution speed. For the texture model, the lack of general representation capable of discriminating all kinds of texture led us to adopt a non parametric approach based on sparse representations. Finally, the shape prior uses a criterion based on Legendre moments. The different priors are then merged into a single functional which is then minimized using an alternating relaxation scheme. The three approaches have been tested and validated separately and together on both synthetic, real images. And echocardiographic data
Olivier, Julien. "Méthodes d'accélération et approches supervisées pour les contours actifs : applications à la segmentation d'images 2D, 3D et texturées." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4029/document.
Full textIn this work, several approaches developed to improve active contours are presented. Three acceleration methods have been developed for parametric models evolving with the greedy algorithm, and applied to 2D and 3D segmentation. Their principle is to dynamically manage the neighbourhood grid of each control point of the active contour. Two supervised level set models are also detailed. Both are based on Haralick texture features and use a learning image with an expert segmentation. The first model is a region-based active contour, inspired by the model developed by Chan and Vese. Linear programming principle is used to determine the optimal weight of each Haralick coefficient. The second model introduces a binary classifier in the motion equation of the active contour, the classifier being learned using the Haralick coefficients, extracted from the learning image. Both models are applied to 2D and 3D textured image segmentation
Dorval, Thierry. "Approches saillantes et psycho-visuelles pour l'indexation d'images couleurs." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066096.
Full textPham, Minh Hoan. "Méthodes de détection des régions cancéreuses dans des images obtenues par tomographie calculée." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30388.
Full textComputed Tomography (CT) is a non-invasive technique which provides images of the human body without superposing adjacent structures. This technique is based on the absorption of X-rays by the human body. Analysis from X-ray absorption is subject to a variety of imperfections and image artifacts including quantum noise, X-rays scattered by the patient (absorptive environment), beam hardening, and nonlinear volume effects. Image processing is a crucial tool for contrast enhancement and region analysis. Analysis of CT images is a decision-making tool for cancer formation at an incipient phase. Segmentation of computed tomography (CT) images is an important step in image-guided surgery that requires both high accuracy and minimal user interaction. Previous attempts include thresholding (global and optimal), region growing (region competition, watershed segmentation), edge tracing, and parametric active contour (AC) approaches for segmentation, are not fully satisfying. In this dissertation we have been interested in the CT image processing methods to detect and analyze cancerous regions in phase II and III. A new algorithm, which hinges on dynamic programming, has been proposed for automatically extracting region of interest using adapted active contours. In our new approach, Entropy is used to estimate the parameters alpha and beta of the active contour internal energy. In order to enhance the image quality in terms of contrast and to understand more the regions of interest, image fusion is used. Image fusion is a process of combining multiple images into a single image containing more relevant information. We use Wavelet Transform and a specific Fusion Rule to identify and select relevant information of the process. All these methods have been implemented as plugins in GIMP software