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Emin, Sandrine, and Gérôme Guibert. "Complexité et auto-organisation en entrepreneuriat collectif : analyse d’une scène musicale locale." Revue internationale P.M.E. 30, no. 2 (July 6, 2017): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040457ar.
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Cet article a pour objet de proposer une autre manière d’appréhender le processus entrepreneurial que celle ancrée dans une vision individualiste. Pour ce faire, il documente une forme spécifique d’entrepreneuriat collectif, celle dans laquelle l’organisation impulsée est un contexte entrepreneurial (et non une entreprise ou une activité innovante). Il repose sur l’étude longitudinale d’une scène musicale locale reposant essentiellement sur les pratiques amateurs et le bénévolat. S’inscrivant dans l’approche processuelle en entrepreneuriat (Steyaert, 2007) et dans les travaux sur l’ancrage territorial de l’entrepreneuriat (Julien, 2005), il s’intéresse aux interactions entre acteurs et aux phénomènes d’encastrement pour répondre aux questions suivantes : comment se forme un tel contexte ? Que produit-il ? Quel est son processus d’organisation ? Les résultats défont l’évidence d’une vision causale et linéaire du processus entrepreneurial ; une telle approche ne permettant pas de saisir le phénomène collectif étudié. L’analyse montre un acte collectif de création que l’on peut qualifier d’auto-organisé et émergent. L’intérêt des résultats est alors à rechercher dans une meilleure compréhension de la complexité et de la créativité du processus entrepreneurial.
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Villanueva-Flores, Mercedes, Mirta Diaz-Fernandez, Dara Hernandez-Roque, and Marloes van Engen. "Psychological capital and entrepreneurship: gender differences." Gender in Management: An International Journal 36, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 410–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2020-0231.
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Purpose This study aims to examine whether the psychological capital of male and female university students explains the intention to undertake entrepreneurism. Following Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour, the aim was to study whether perceived behavioural control and subjective norms influence entrepreneurial intention and if subjective norms moderate established relationships, in both genders. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modelling and analysis of variance was applied to test the hypotheses amongst students at a Spanish university. Findings The results showed that gender differences in psychological capital, in perceived behavioural control and in subjective norms existed between the male and female population, which explain gender differences in entrepreneurial intention. Similarly, subjective norms acted as a moderator in the relationship between psychological capital, the perceived behavioural control and entrepreneurial intention, with the moderating impact being higher on the female population. Practical implications The results obtained in this paper indicate that developing perceived behavioural control and the psychological capital of university students in training programmes of male and female students helps to promote their entrepreneurial intention. Similarly, the results suggest that building a support network, for instance of family and groups of friends is key to fostering entrepreneurial intention, particularly for women. Originality/value Entrepreneurship is key to the successful employability of current and future generations in the labour market. This study examined key antecedents of student’s entrepreneurial intention and how these are gendered. For both men and women (investing in) psychological capital is important. Informal social support was shown to play a key role in women’s entrepreneurial intention.
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YOUALEU KADJI, Christophe. "ENTREPRENEURIAT Connaître l'entrepreneur, Comprendre ses actes." Management international 4, no. 2 (2000): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-2486-rjev.
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Chabaud, Didier, and Roland Condor. "La formation des équipes entrepreneuriales." Revue internationale P.M.E. 22, no. 1 (November 18, 2009): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038610ar.
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Résumé Après avoir longtemps considéré la création d’entreprise comme un acte solitaire, il est aujourd’hui acquis qu’il s’agit fréquemment d’une démarche collective. Cependant, peu de travaux ont examiné les raisons qui conduisent à la création en équipe. Nous montrons dans cet article comment les équipes apparaissent à partir de la cristallisation du réseau social du créateur, selon des logiques de constitution différentes. Le recours à la méthode des cas conduit à proposer une typologie des équipes entrepreneuriales, en mettant en avant les principes de constitution, les avantages et les risques de chaque forme.
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Chadha, Priyanka, Nisha Devi, and Gitanjali Upadhaya. "Finding the linkage between Entrepreneurial Competencies and Entrepreneurial Intention of Students': An Attestation from Kashmir, North India." Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis 25, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/acta.2022.008.
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Rupianti, Reni, Ananda Sabil Hussein, and Ferry Firdaus. "The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Marketing Performance Mediated by Absorptive Capability and Networking Capability." International Journal of Science and Society 4, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i2.475.
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This research aimed to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, absorptive capability, and networking capability on marketing performance; examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on marketing performance mediated by absorptive capability and networking capability. The sample in this research was 140 SME owners of tempeh chips in the Sanan Industrial Center, Malang. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that entrepreneurial orientation had a direct positive effect on marketing performance; entrepreneurial orientation had a direct positive effect on absorptive capability; entrepreneurial orientation had a direct positive effect on networking capability; absorptive capability had a direct positive relationship to marketing performance; networking capability had a direct positive impact on marketing performance; entrepreneurial orientation had a positive effect on marketing performance through absorptive capability; entrepreneurial orientation had a positive effect on marketing performance through networking capability. Absorptive capability and networking capability acted as partial mediating variables.
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Ilsley, Paul J. "Adult education departments in the entrepreneurial age." New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2004, no. 104 (2004): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ace.160.
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Socci, Marco, David Clarke, and Andrea Principi. "Active Aging: Social Entrepreneuring in Local Communities of Five European Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072440.
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Building on the active aging framework, the aim of this study, carried out between 2016 and 2018, is to analyze concrete experiences of older individuals acting as key players of social change in six local communities of five European countries (Bulgaria, Denmark, England, France, Spain). The 19 seniors involved in the study, according to social contexts, individual past experiences, knowledge, and motivations, acted as senior social entrepreneurs, trying to build a pathway towards social solutions for unmet social problems they detected in local communities. Data were collected via templates and questionnaires and analyzed using the thematic analysis. The results highlighted that the 16 local initiatives created by seniors concerned social problems such as food waste, social isolation, multicultural integration, etc. The social solutions implemented by seniors seemed to have the potential to produce social value and, to different degrees, encouraging results and impact. Since this “social experiment” provided evidence that senior social entrepreneuring could be a driver to solve societal problems, policy makers should sustain the spread of both social entrepreneurial mindset and practices at the European level, for catalyzing the active potential of older people for the benefit of European local communities.
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F, f. "The Mediation Effect of Human Capital on the Relationship between Senior Entrepreneurial Competency and Entrepreneurial Performance Using Mediation Model." GLOBAL BUSINESS FINANCE REVIEW 28, no. 7 (December 31, 2023): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2023.28.7.138.
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Purpose: This study analyzed the mediation effect of human capital on the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial performance using mediation model.
Design/methodology/approach: This study was designed as a conceptual research model to verify the mediation effect of human capital on the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial performance using mediation model. In order to design a conceptual research model, a total 24 items were investigated and the SEM method was verified using three latent variables.
Findings: According to this study, human capital acted as a mediating effect in the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial performance. This means that entrepreneurial competency has a direct effect on entrepreneurial performance and at the same time has an indirect effect through human capital, which means that it does not act as a partial mediating effect, but acts as a complete mediating effect through human capital.
Research limitations/implications: The policy implications of this study are that it is necessary to create a virtuous cycle of the startup ecosystem of senior entrepreneurs by building and utilizing the human capital possessed by senior entrepreneurs, and the practical implications are that senior entrepreneurs must develop their entrepreneurial competency well to increase entrepreneurial performance. This is important, but more than anything, entrepreneurial performance increases when the human capital of senior entrepreneurs is actively utilized. In the process of carrying out this study, limited discussions were held on the selection of the sample to be investigated, the establishment of the research model and hypothesis, and the operational definition and measurement of variables. These issues need to be reflected in future research to improve the research.
Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is to apply the dynamic capability theory to senior entrepreneurs to find that senior entrepreneurs strengthened their entrepreneurial competency through seizing, sensing, and transforming to increase entrepreneurial performance, and also to create a virtuous cycle in the senior startup ecosystem. The value of this study is that it found the importance of human capital to create a structure.
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Chang, Jane, and Alison Rieple. "Entrepreneurial decision-making in a microcosm." Management Learning 49, no. 4 (July 8, 2018): 471–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507618777929.
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This study investigates when, how and why students use opportunity management behaviours (causation, effectuation and bricolage) within a fundraising project that acted as a microcosm of the entrepreneur’s world. Such a pedagogical device reveals students’ use of different opportunity management behaviours over the different stages of entrepreneurship. Although research has confirmed the use of these behaviours by entrepreneurs, how student entrepreneurs learn, and practice, them, remains underexplored. Causation is the predominant focus for university teaching, yet our data reveal that students adopted all three behaviours at different stages of the fundraising project as they responded to different contextual forces. Our findings suggest that opportunity management theories should take a more prominent role in the higher education entrepreneurship curriculum. Educators also need to provide a better means of facilitating students to learn about, and practice, a greater repertoire of opportunity management behaviours than is currently the case.
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PAVLÁK, Miroslav, and Eva Kostikov. "UFA initiates entrepreneurial thinking in its students." ACTA VŠFS 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/acta-2021/2-07.
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Brito, Bárbara Alessandra Vieira de, Márcio Shoiti Kuniyoshi, Alexandre Cappellozza, and Almir Martins Vieira. "Determining factors of entrepreneurial intention: a study with entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs of the state of Acre." Revista de Administração da UFSM 15, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 290–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465968764.
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Objectives - this article aimed to analyze, from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the determining factors of the entrepreneurial intention of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs of Acre. Design / Methodology / Approach - The research covered graduates of the Empretec Seminar (SEBRAE), using the quantitative methodology of Structural Equation Modeling by Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results - Results showed that Attitude Towards Behavior is the construct that most positively influences the entrepreneurial intention, followed by the constructs of the subjective norms and the perception of control. Limitations / implications of the research - The limitations of the study are related to the population because the list of participants includes only graduates of the Empretec Seminar, as well as the fact that it was not considered whether the individuals were temporally close to the triggering event. Practical implications - Entrepreneurial intention is considered as the first step in the process of discovering and exploiting opportunities, which makes it a fundamental part of the understanding of entrepreneurship. The study contributes in diminishing the gap of theoretical and empirical studies on this subject in the Brazilian scenario. Originality / value - The hypothesis that the need for achievement positively influences the entrepreneurial intention has not been accepted, which can occur due to the fact that the psychological characteristics of the entrepreneurs can undergo changes as the entrepreneur moves away from the motivating event of entrepreneurship.
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Rubleske, Joseph, and Nicholas Berente. "A pragmatist perspective on entrepreneurial opportunities." International Journal of Innovation Science 9, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-09-2016-0031.
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Purpose This paper aims at advancing a pragmatist perspective on entrepreneurial opportunities as an alternative to the traditional and predominant constructivist and objectivist perspectives. To this end, this paper advances a pragmatist definition of an opportunity and draws from empirical evidence to propose a pragmatist model of opportunity conception and exploitation. Design/methodology/approach A review of the entrepreneurial opportunity and pragmatism literatures yields a definition of an opportunity as a dynamic and unfolding experience which an entrepreneur conceives as a general market need to exploit it for financial or social gain. Drawing from this definition, and with the aim of developing a pragmatist model of an opportunity, a case study approach is applied to three radically innovative services conceived and developed by three high-performance computing (HPC) centers. Findings In each of the three cases, an entrepreneurial HPC center conceived a new, general market need (opportunity) and then acted to exploit it. Through its action, the HPC center learned something that enabled it to address barriers, develop an improvement or otherwise reconceive the opportunity. In turn, the HPC center learned more about and advanced the opportunity, and then acted again. After launching a new service based on the opportunity, the opportunity continued to evolve in response to the HPC center’s efforts and to market forces. Research limitations/implications The pragmatist perspective and model of an opportunity can serve as a foundation for future pragmatist research into entrepreneurship and innovation. To this end, future studies could extend the model by examining in greater detail the acting-learning-reconceiving cycle, by exploring how an opportunity evolves and is reconceived after market launch and/or by investigating opportunity conception and exploitation within other types of markets. Practical implications From a pragmatist perspective, an opportunity is not some discrete object to be discovered. It is emergent and dynamic, and to the extent that it is “created”, it is never complete or finalized. It is experienced by the entrepreneur, and it continues to evolve, even after it has been launched as a new good or service. Originality/value The paper proposes novel value by advancing a pragmatist perspective on entrepreneurial opportunities. Such a perspective is an alternative to the constructivist and objectivist perspectives that have framed research into opportunities. The paper also proposes novel value by drawing from case study findings to propose a pragmatist model of opportunity conception and exploitation.
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Cumberland, Denise M., Whitney Peake, Sharon Kerrick, and Mary Tapolsky. "Embedding Evaluation Into a Military Veteran Entrepreneurial Training Program." New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2020, no. 166 (June 2020): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ace.20388.
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Smith, Nathaniel. "Alert Judgment: Ford's Entrepreneurial Five Dollar Day." Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 24, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 542–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35297/qjae.010116.
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This paper provides evidence for the explanatory power of the theory of entrepreneurship through analysis of one of the most widely publicized acts of American entrepreneurship: Ford’s five dollar day. Economists have debated the proper classification and interpretation of the Ford Motor Company’s wage policy extensively. The majority categorize it as an efficiency wage policy, though others argue for rent sharing or the high-wage doctrine. This article argues that Ford acted as an alert, innovative entrepreneur who exercised judgment under uncertainty when he developed the 1914 labor policy and Ford Sociological Department. Viewing the events of 1913 and 1914 at Ford through this lens reveals that Ford’s personnel innovations were not merely efficiency wages, rent sharing, or motivated by the high-wage doctrine. Rather, Ford’s actions are best understood as those of a profit-seeking entrepreneur.
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Hashim, Azizah, Che Mohd Zulkifli Che Omar, Mohd Sahandri Gani Hamzah, and Azmi Umar. "Leadership Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organisational Performance in Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises." International Business Research 11, no. 9 (August 10, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n9p37.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the organizational performance and entrepreneurial orientation of Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Literature has shown that leadership and entrepreneurial orientation are important for organizational performance but still inadequate. Thus, this investigation hopes to close this gap in the literature and contribute to a new understanding of relationships between leadership and organizational performance, and entrepreneurial orientation served as a mediator. This study comprised a sample of owners or managers in the manufacturing and service sectors of SMEs located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, as their largest representation of SME establishments and significant contributions to Malaysia economy. A cross-sectional research design was used to examine the relationships between leadership behavior, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance among SMEs. The respondent’s lists were sought from the SME Corp. Malaysia at http://www.smecorp.gov.my and http://www.smeinfo.com.my. Data were gathered based on a mailed questionnaire and personal administered questionnaires. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial orientation acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between leadership behavior and organizational performance. Transformational leadership and transactional leadership were found to have a significant relationship with entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance of SMEs. An important implication of this research indicated that both transformational and transactional leadership behavior positively increased the individual outcome and lead to higher organizational performance.
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Dimov, Dimo. "Beyond the Single-Person, Single-Insight Attribution in Understanding Entrepreneurial Opportunities." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31, no. 5 (September 2007): 713–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00196.x.
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This article helps develop the creativity perspective within entrepreneurship in two ways. First, it elaborates on the nature of opportunity as a creative product. Rather than viewing opportunities as single insights, it suggests that they are emerging through the continuous shaping and development of (raw) ideas that are acted upon. Second, rather than attributing them to a particular individual, it highlights the contextual and social influences that affect the generation and shaping of ideas. This helps move entrepreneurship research beyond the single–person, single–insight attribution that currently permeates it.
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Rae, David, Simon Gee, and Robert Moon. "Creating an Enterprise Culture in a University." Industry and Higher Education 23, no. 3 (June 2009): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009788640279.
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The ‘entrepreneurial university’ is considered a desirable and achievable goal, but how do universities become entrepreneurial? The role of the enterprising academic in stimulating cultural change is often overlooked. This article presents as a case study the teaching team at the University of Derby, UK, who ‘acted as entrepreneurs’ for five years to stimulate enterprising learning across the university. The analysis provides insights into cultural change in a modern regional university. The authors explore three questions: how can a university develop an entrepreneurial culture, how can entrepreneurial teachers stimulate cultural change, and are there general learning points to be gained from the experience at the University of Derby? The process of developing an enterprising culture in a university is examined by tracing the organizational, pedagogical, systemic and behavioural changes and conflicts that arose. The authors examine the impact on a higher education institution of five years of significant growth in enterprise learning from a zero base, including the development of an enterprise curriculum, innovative learning methods, funded projects for student and community entrepreneurship, practice-based research and the formation of networks of educators, practitioners and influencers. They conclude with an account of the ‘Energizing Enterprise Education’ staff development event for the team and the university. The paper highlights the significance of the values, skills and methods of an entrepreneurial teaching team as crucial factors in the cultural change process and in addressing the inevitable conflict with the ‘base culture’.
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Lyons, Roisin, Ciara Lynch, and Eoghan McConalogue. "Looping Everyone into the Conversation." Irish Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 6, no. 1 (December 11, 2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22554/ijtel.v6i1.85.
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At its most fundamental, entrepreneurship involves discovering, evaluating, and exploiting opportunities to create future goods and services (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000). Acknowledging that characteristics, emotions, cognitive biases, and past experiences influence entrepreneurial activity and decision making (Shepherd and Patzelt, 2017; De Winnaar and Scholtz, 2019), many propose that active reflection is an important facet of the entrepreneurial curricula (Nabi et al., 2016; Santos et al., 2016). For the entrepreneurial student, learning to make rationale decisions is paramount, and this is vitally linked to their ability to reflect and be self-aware.
This study recounts the use of the eportfolio within a new large class (over 600 students) module in enterprise education. The module utilised an eportfolio reflective assignment to allow students express their feelings and knowledge about a series of attended entrepreneurial events and guest speaker seminars. In this paper, we present a novel insight into the efficacy of this curricular approach. External stakeholders who acted as mentors and speakers were asked to review a number of these student portfolios, and provide their thoughts on the assignments themselves, and the e-portfolio construct more generally. As such, this study highlights the multiple feedback loops of reflection which can be obtained from the eportfolio when used as a carefully considered pedagogical tool. It also highlights the integral role that industry stakeholders play in the enterprise curriculum.
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Khajeheian, Datis. "Enterprise Social Media." International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2018010103.
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This article reports an ethnographic research on effect of enterprise social media on communication of members in entrepreneurial teams. The researcher acted as an entrepreneur and as a team member in two entrepreneurial projects to observe the communication of team members within the enterprise social media. In addition to observation, he conducted some interviews with team members to collect supplementary data. A theoretical framework developed from an array of three metaphors: leaky pipe, echo chamber and social lubricant, and four organizational learning processes: social capital, boundary work, attention allocation and social analytics. By the interpretation of the collected data, a new metaphor of “living room” was proposed. This metaphor suggests that enterprise social media provide a space for interaction of internal-external people similar to what home members and guests do in a living room (public conversations), as well as possibility of conversation corners (private conversations).
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Leong, David. "Probabilistic Interpretation of Observer Effect on Entrepreneurial Opportunity." Organizacija 55, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orga-2022-0016.
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Abstract Background: In quantum mechanics, the observer effect categorically states that observing a phenomenon changes it. This research explores a probabilistic interpretation of entrepreneurial opportunity and explains the observer effect reflecting on Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment. This approach addresses opportunity as a “possibility” concept reinterpreting it from multiple observers’ perspectives and the cruciality of action to cause wave function collapse to an emergent reality. This paper intends to resolve the epistemological paradox and ‘opportunity’ war by re-contextualising opportunity as an artefact and positing it as a probability wave with a range of possibilities until alert entrepreneurs act on it. Method: This conceptual development relies on literature review as a research methodology, using reasoning by analogy for the progress of theory and metaphors for theorisation. Results: This conceptual narrative strengthens the epistemological foundation focused on possibility and probability (illustrated through wave function) to sharpen the definition of opportunity and action theory. The observer effect in opportunity is underexplored in entrepreneurial scholarship. This study features how the observer effect influences the evolving state of opportunity. Opportunity is affected by other observers and the entrepreneur’s imagination, social construction and effort. Each involved agent relates and interacts to give rise to possibilities in opportunities. The interrelations and interdependence are complex, giving rise to superposition with a mixed state with many possibilities. Conclusions: The contribution of this research is manifold from a theoretical and practical level. It presents a quantum-like model where an ‘un-acted’ opportunity is in superposition (multiple possibilities emerging simultaneously until it is enacted), expanding on Ramoglou and Tsang’s (2016) view on propensity. The interactional effects – interfering and entangling between agents observing the same opportunity generate possibilities. The potentiality and the many-possibilities states in the opportunity artefact hold great promise in entrepreneurial research.
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Hanzal, Petr, and Ivana Faltová Leitmanová. "The examination of the validity of Bendford's model in scope of accounting data of entrepreneurial units in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis 13, no. 4 (October 2, 2012): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/acta.2010.042.
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Nchu, Rylyne Mande, Robertson Khan Tengeh, and Johannes Cronje. "A call for more entrepreneurship education in non-business programs at South African TVET colleges." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2023.003062.
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There has been an increase in the number of unemployed Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates even though these institutions are meant to train students for a particular job, several employment opportunities or self-employment. While proactive higher learning institutions acted on the need to equip graduates with entrepreneurial skills, others have not. More concerning is that even those who do not include entrepreneurial education in their curricula expect their graduates to be self-employed if they cannot find employment upon graduation. This article ascertained the extent, to which TVET colleges equipped their graduates for self-employment by including entrepreneurial skills in their programmes. Grounded on the contingency organizational theory, this article ascertained the necessity to incorporate entrepreneurship education in non-business programmes at TVET colleges. Data was collected from the TVET colleges, websites, brochures and documents of all the public TVET colleges in South Africa. The findings indicated that only 42 % of the programmes offered entrepreneurship education in their curricula. Moreover and interestingly, the province with the highest prevalence of entrepreneurship education (49 %) in their programmes is Limpopo and not the Western Cape, the financial capital. Consequently, there is a vital need to implement entrepreneurship education in all non-business programmes, for it may increase business start-ups, innovation and improve on the employability rate of the graduates
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Karnowati, Nandang Bekti, Sudarto Sudarto, Lusi Suwandari, Fajar Adi Prakoso, and Devy Widya Apriandi. "Achieving Marketing Performance through Orientation Innovation and Entrepreneurial Orientation." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 14, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/mb.v14i2.19086.
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Research aims: The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between innovation orientation (IO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and its role in mediating marketing orientation (MO) to achieve marketing performance (MP), specifically focusing on MSMEs in the culinary sector in Banyumas, Purbalingga, Cilacap, and Kebumen (Barlingmascakeb).Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 100 food industry businesses in Barlingmascakeb. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used utilizing Smart PLS to analyze data.Research findings: The results demonstrated that innovation orientation had a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation and marketing performance. EO, which mediated the relationship between IO and MP, acted as a partial mediator. RBV is still a relevant theory for MSMEs, where organizational resources are assets that need to be managed and become superior to expand in a dynamic market. The research findings also support the MBV theory, where the market is a necessary factor to be considered by MSMEs in business and entrepreneurial decision-making. RBV and MBV actually complement each other and have an important role in influencing marketing performance.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the management study literature, which has built an empirical model that encourages MSME marketing performance by investigating the relationship between IO, EO, and MO to support MSME marketing performance.Practitioners/Policy Implications: This study provides insight into culinary MSME entrepreneurs to focus on innovation orientation and not ignore market orientation as a supporter of innovation and marketing performance.Research Limitations/Implications: This research only focused on MSMEs in the culinary sector, so generalizations and findings were limited. Therefore, future studies are expected to combine larger and more diverse samples.
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Lihanda, Boniface B., Caroline Oloo, and Fredrick O. Aila. "Social Entrepreneurship Strategies and Resilience of One-Acre Fund Household Livelihoods in Kenya." American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation 2, no. 3 (September 16, 2023): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1942.
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Entrepreneurial activities, especially social entrepreneurship, are acclaimed to foster resilience. A social entrepreneurship One Acre fund program was introduced in western Kenya to help improve maize production on one acre pieces of land occupied by many households. However, One Acre Fund households in Kakamega county still suffer deficiency in income growth, job creation, meeting health and education obligations of their families, food security, and payment of other family bills despite engaging all the social entrepreneurship strategies, Literature identifies five social entrepreneurship strategies that help in fostering resilience of household livelihoods. These are: system reform, physical capital development, individual empowerment, collective action, and earned income strategies. All five strategies are seldom studied together in relation to resilience of household livelihoods but their impacts are unknown. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze demographic factors while inferential statistics-moderated multiple regression was used to analyze how social entrepreneurship strategies and social innovation are related to resilience of household livelihoods. The findings revealed that social entrepreneurship strategies statistically significantly contributed to resilience of One-Acre Fund household livelihoods with (β=.652, t(311)=15.103, p=.000) that accounted for 42.3% change in resilience of One-Acre Fund household livelihoods(R2=0.423,F(1,309=228.101, p=.000), The study recommends that as a coping mechanism to food insecurity, farmers should adopt one acre fund model. This study advises the policy makers to consider the production of maize by use of one-acre fund skills as a social entrepreneurship to minimize the inefficiency levels and increase production by minimizing the cost of inputs and cost of capital The study highlights the applicability of social entrepreneurship in a new context and further facilitates the creation of knowledge and growth of literature in social entrepreneurship.
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Ferguson, Ronald, Kaspar Schattke, and Michele Paulin. "The social context for value co-creations in an entrepreneurial network." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 22, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2015-0100.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study micro-level research into the social dimensions of entrepreneurial partnerships assessed by the influences of: the degree of interpersonal attraction, the strength of relational norms and the level of partner trustworthiness on value co-creations in an emerging biotechnology network. Design/methodology/approach – Financial and scientific partnerships were investigated by structured interviews with entrepreneurs. Financial partnerships were also studied using interviews with lead investors. Research design and analyses were based on a Conditional Process Model. Findings – Partner trustworthiness was found to be critical for the co-creation of value in both types of partnerships. In financial partnerships, the level of interpersonal attraction and relational norms strength acted independently as antecedents of partner trustworthiness. Only the entrepreneur linked interpersonal attraction directly to value co-creation. Both entrepreneurs and lead investors perceived the association between interpersonal attraction and co-created value to be mediated through partner trustworthiness. Only the lead investor perceived this mediation to be moderated by relational norms strength. However, in scientific partnerships, relational norms strength, but not interpersonal attraction, contributed to partner trustworthiness that subsequently effected value co-creation. The entrepreneur’s trustworthiness perception in both types of partnerships was mainly due to a partner’s reputation, whereas for lead investors it was primarily the perceived reliability of the entrepreneur. Originality/value – This research points out the challenges of measurement and interpretation of network research. Theoretical conclusions based on only one partner’s perspective and in one context would not be sufficient to describe the complexity of value co-creations in entrepreneurial networks. Also, the cooperative social, rather than competitive opportunistic nature of entrepreneurial knowledge-intensive networks was confirmed.
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Ferrandino, Vittoria, and Valentina Sgro. "Italian Migration and Entrepreneurship’s Origins in the United States of America: A Business History Analysis from the Post Second World War Period to the Present Day." European Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/813dbe72f.
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The opening of international markets following World War II highlighted the differences between territories at regional and national level in terms of the attractiveness of economic activities, investment and human resources. In this context, an important aspect concerned the entrepreneurial process: businesses and entrepreneurs have played a leading role in the activation of the paths of economic growth on the product value, employment and international competitiveness. From this perspective, the study of entrepreneurial dynamics - who the entrepreneurs are, their formation, the path followed for the creation of the enterprise, socio-economic and institutional context in which they acted - becomes crucial to understand the influence of economic and social conditions in the countries of origin as well as the employment and market opportunities, infrastructures and attractiveness of the destination countries. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial path is linked to the migration process and requires a study to highlight the relationship between these two phenomena and their impacts on the development and territorial competitiveness. Starting from the analysis of the literature and researches available at national and international level, in this paper we present the first results of a quantitative and qualitative research at the Archives of the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, as well as in other American economic institutions. The study aims to highlight the scale of the phenomenon in the Italian-Americans economic relations after World War II, the characteristics of firms with immigrant entrepreneurs, as well as the relationship between immigrant entrepreneurship and entrepreneur training. Even though the two authors share the article’s setting, please note that introduction and paragraph 1 are by Vittoria Ferrandino and paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are by Valentina Sgro. Both of the authors wrote the conclusions.
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Othman, Noor Shahaliza, Govindan Marthandan, and Kamarulzaman Ab Aziz. "Measuring the motives of informal entrepreneurs." F1000Research 11 (January 18, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73706.1.
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Background - Handling non-observed activities pose major challenges to the governments and other stakeholders. Non-observed activities refer to underground activities, illegal activities, informal sector and any other activities that result in goods or services consumed by the household. The impact of these non-observed activities shows that the volume of people involved in the informal sector will rapidly increase. Informal economic activities are technically illegal yet are not intended as antisocial, thereby remaining acceptable to many individuals within the society. This research aimed to identify the factors that lead to entrepreneurial necessity and opportunity. Methods – The data of 51 respondents who were employed as informal entrepreneurs in Klang Valley areas in Malaysia was collected with the use of a questionnaire and convenient and proportionate sampling techniques. The data were analysed using SPSS software. Results – The two primary drivers of informal entrepreneurial activity were necessity and opportunity. The inability to find a formal job was an example of being driven by necessity. Meanwhile, individuals that are driven by opportunity chose to work independently in these informal sectors. Between necessity and engagement, refinement acted as a mediator. Often, necessity and opportunity do not automatically translate into successful entrepreneurship; further refinement is required in terms of market potential, technology usage, location preferences, and capital requirements. Improved refinement results in increased entrepreneurial engagement. Conclusions - The role and contribution of the informal sector entrepreneurship in economic development need to be evaluated and not just observed as an opportunity for individuals who choose this type of career. Therefore, further research is required in a wider variety of contexts to evaluate whether the same remains true in different populations. The results of this study can be useful for the government to set policies to encourage the transition of informal to formal entrepreneurships in Malaysia.
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Othman, Noor Shahaliza, Govindan Marthandan, and Kamarulzaman Ab Aziz. "Measuring the motives of informal entrepreneurs." F1000Research 11 (December 1, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73706.2.
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Background - Handling non-observed activities pose major challenges to the governments and other stakeholders. Non-observed activities refer to underground activities, illegal activities, informal sector and any other activities that result in goods or services consumed by the household. The impact of these non-observed activities shows that the volume of people involved in the informal sector will rapidly increase. Informal economic activities are technically illegal yet are not intended as antisocial, thereby remaining acceptable to many individuals within the society. This research aimed to identify the factors that lead to entrepreneurial necessity and opportunity. Methods – The data of 51 respondents who were employed as informal entrepreneurs in Klang Valley areas in Malaysia was collected with the use of a questionnaire and convenient and proportionate sampling techniques. The data were analysed using SPSS software. Results – The two primary drivers of informal entrepreneurial activity were necessity and opportunity. The inability to find a formal job was an example of being driven by necessity. Meanwhile, individuals that are driven by opportunity chose to work independently in these informal sectors. Between necessity and engagement, refinement acted as a mediator. Often, necessity and opportunity do not automatically translate into successful entrepreneurship; further refinement is required in terms of market potential, technology usage, location preferences, and capital requirements. Improved refinement results in increased entrepreneurial engagement. Conclusions - The role and contribution of the informal sector entrepreneurship in economic development need to be evaluated and not just observed as an opportunity for individuals who choose this type of career. Therefore, further research is required in a wider variety of contexts to evaluate whether the same remains true in different populations. The results of this study can be useful for the government to set policies to encourage the transition of informal to formal entrepreneurships in Malaysia.
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Omarbayev, Y. K., V. T. Tarakchi, K. К. Bazarbayev, and Zh Zh Kumganbayev. "Subjects of Austria-Hungary in Western Siberia and Turkestan in the early twentieth century (1900–1917)." Rusin, no. 64 (2021): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/64/7.
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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire played an important role in the processes of European migration. Of particular importance was the migration policy with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Czechs, Rusins, Poles, and Slovaks, who belonged to the Austro-Hungarian population, settled mainly in the European part of the Russian Empire and engaged mainly in agriculture, while the Austrians and Germans opened industrial enterprises in the cities of Western Siberia (Governor- Generalship of the Steppes, 1882–1918). In general, there were two reasons why the Austro-Hungarians settled in Western Siberia and Turkestan: some voluntarily resettled and contributed to the economic and social development of the regions, while others had to move here as prisoners of war. However, it should be noted that in both cases, the tsarist administration did not restrict their social and legal status. The article examines the reasons for the stay of Austro-Hungarian subjects in Western Siberia and Turkestan, as well as their impact on the socio-economic situation of these regions. Austro- Hungarian immigrants, as well as immigrants from other European countries, acted as transmitters of new entrepreneurial experience, advanced technologies, and Western entrepreneurial culture. The descendants of immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian lands became part of the multinational composition of Western Siberia and Turkestan.
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Kirsch, David A., and Mohsen A. Chowdhury. "Fanbois and Fanbots: Tesla’s Entrepreneurial Narratives and Corporate Computational Propaganda on Social Media." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 2 (February 5, 2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020043.
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This paper reports the discovery of a series of computational social media accounts (Fanbots) on Twitter that may have played a critical role in sustaining the entrepreneurial narratives of Tesla, the electric-vehicle maker. From 2010 to 2020—a period of trial, error, and eventual success for Tesla—these computational agents generated pro-firm tweets (Corporate Computational Propaganda, CCP), accounting for more than 10% of the total Twitter activity that included the cashtag, $TSLA, and 23% of activity that included the hashtag, #TSLA. Though similar to programmed social media content in the political sphere, the activities of these accounts predate the existence of political computational propaganda associated with foreign support for, for instance, Brexit in the United Kingdom (2016) and Donald Trump in the United States (2016). The paper (a) characterizes the extent of Fanbot content in two large Tesla tweet corpora, (b) identifies possible motivations for the creation of these accounts in relation to the firm’s entrepreneurial narratives, and (c) explores possible mechanisms by which the Fanbots might have acted. Although we are unable to directly observe the source or stated purpose of these accounts, based upon the timing of Fanbot creation and other indirect indicators, we infer that these accounts and the social media activity they generated were intended to influence social perception of Tesla. The conclusion assesses the generalizability of a Fanbot-based strategy, highlighting contextual limitations, while also pointing to ways that firms may already be using CCP to manage social approval in emerging-industry contexts.
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Wettestad, Jørgen. "The Making of the 2003 EU Emissions Trading Directive: An Ultra-Quick Process due to Entrepreneurial Proficiency?" Global Environmental Politics 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380053243477.
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The EU emissions trading scheme has been characterized as one of the most farreaching and radical environmental policies for many years, and “the new grand policy experiment.” Given the EU's earlier resistance to this market-based instrument with no international track record and with US origins, the EU decision-making process, which took less than two years, can be characterized as a puzzlingly ultra-quick political “pregnancy.” In order to understand this, it is necessary to take three explanatory perspectives—and the interaction between them—into account. First, the emissions trading issue was more mature within the EU system than immediately apparent, given that emissions projections were worrying and no effective common climate policies had been adopted. Second, the Commission acted as a strong and clever policy entrepreneur, dealing with other basically positive EU bodies. Third, when the US pulled out of the Kyoto process in March 2001, it provided a window of opportunity for the EU to take the reins of global policy leadership.
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Yu, Jiarong, and Shouming Chen. "Gender Moderates Firms' Innovation Performance and Entrepreneurs' Self-efficacy and Risk Propensity." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.4.679.
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On the basis of upper echelons theory and social learning theory, we examined the direct effects of 2 cognitive characteristics—self-efficacy and risk propensity—on entrepreneurs' innovation in the early stage of entrepreneurial activities. We also investigated the moderating role of gender on these relationships, using data collected from the 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database, comprising 12,828 entrepreneurs from 44 countries. We found that both self-efficacy and risk propensity were positively associated with innovation. In addition, gender acted as a moderator in the 2 relationships, and both were strengthened when the entrepreneurs were male. We have made 2 main contributions to the literature. First, we investigated the effects of two cognitive factors on innovation from a global perspective. Second, we introduced gender and examined it as a novel moderator in relation to its influence on these relationships.
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PIOCH, ELKE, and RUTH A. SCHMIDT. "LOCAL CULTURE MEETS SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET - AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDEPENDENT ENTREPRENEURS IN THE FRENCH BOOK RETAIL SECTOR." Journal of Enterprising Culture 07, no. 04 (December 1999): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495899000224.
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The introduction of the Single European Market (SEM) acted as a catalyst to internationalization activities throughout the European Union (EU). Set against the backdrop of a wider study of retail change within the SEM this industry case study examines the changing role of the independent sector within French book retailing in the face of a growing trend towards cross-border activity. The interplay between consumer culture and the dynamics of the changing structural components of the market is discussed against the backdrop of a wider EU context. Barriers and challenges as well as opportunities for international activities are examined and the respective positioning of the different types of retail capital considered. Conclusions highlight the importance of entrepreneurial style rather than the size of the firm as a driver of international activity and present a discussion of likely future trends in this market.
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Akpoviroro, Kowo Solomon, and Akinbola Olufemi Amos. "The Efficacy of Counseling in Eradicating the Problems of Entreprenuership Education." Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acta-2018-0004.
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Abstract Counselling has been identified as a key focus in addressing the mismatch between the needs of labour market and the products of the educational and training system. The objectives of the study are to examine the significant effect between Cognitive Behaviour Modification Strategies of counselling (CBMS) and awareness of Entrepreneurship education and also to investigate the effect of Counselling on Entrepreneurship Education. The Sample size consists of one hundred and sixty-five (165) employees out of the two hundred and eighty (280) employees of Centre for Entrepreneurship Studies Kwara State University Nigeria. Sample size was determined using Yard's formula. For this research, the quantitative research design was adopted. The instrument used for this research work was questionnaire. The instrument passed the following test of validity. These are: content test, criterion related test, construct test and discriminate validity. The data was analysed using manual and electronic based methods through the data preparation grid and statistical package for the social sciences, (SPSS). Linear regression analysis method and ANOVA was employed to test the hypothesis. The study found out that there was a significant effect between Counselling and Entrepreneurship Education and also CBMS significantly affects awareness of Entrepreneurship education. Based on the results of the study, the study recommends that Cognitive Behaviour Modification Strategies of counselling (CBMS) should be used to instil awareness of Entrepreneurship Education and Career counselling which emphasizes entrepreneurial should never be overlooked in any programme seeking solutions of entrepreneurship education. Suggestions for further studies and limitations of the research were also identified.
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Porayko, Vasily V. "Prospects of criminal liability of legal entities for crimes in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity in the context of the princi-ples of russian criminal law." Yugra State University Bulletin 15, no. 4 (January 11, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu2019447-54.
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Abstract. The article critically analyzes the arguments of the proponents of introducing the possibility of criminal liability of legal entities into the Russian legislation.the Author gives additional arguments in favor of the fact that the introduction of the Institute of criminal liability of legal entities into the domestic legislation contradicts the principles of Russian criminal law and the doctrine of the subjective side of the crime. The scientist speaks in favor of the need to improve the effectiveness of existing legal instruments to counter socially dangerous acts committed by legal entities. The proposal is made to fix in the legislation the procedure of compulsory liquidation of a legal entity that acted as an instrument of committing a crime.
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Aktar, Serena. "An Assessment of Entrepreneurial Affinity in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis between Small Live Entrepreneurs and Potential Entrepreneurs of University Level Students." Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v10i1.26903.
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This is an empirical and quantitative study conducted on small scale live entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs of university level students of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this study is to identify and examine the factors influencing decision of becoming an entrepreneur. For fulfilling the study purpose, by using simple random sampling technique a total of 600 questionnaires were administered; 300 were distributed to the students who were interested to become entrepreneurs and 300 questionnaires were also distributed to small scale live entrepreneurs who formed their business during the last two years and more. Data were analyzed according to objectivity. The results indicated that need for achievement is highly influential factor in picking up decision of becoming an entrepreneur of potential entrepreneurs of university level students and family business background is the main influential factor in taking decision of becoming an entrepreneur of the small scale live entrepreneurs. Parallel factors, e.g., locus of control, risk taking propensity and proactive personality also acted as the influential factors of creating entrepreneurial affinity in both of them.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(1) 2015; 1-20
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Rivai, Harif Amali, Rahmat Eka Putra, Hendra Lukito, and Rebi Fara Handika. "Impact of Success Expectations, Motivation and Team Behavior on Entrepreneurship Learning Outcomes in Higher Education." Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Bung Hatta 18, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37301/jmubh.v18i1.20870.
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While there is ample evidence to support the direct impact of success expectations on academic achievement, little research has explored the motivational mechanisms that mediate success expectations–learning outcomes in the entrepreneurial context and student learning environment, and such studies are needed to understand how and why success expectations affect learning outcomes. For this purpose, it integrates the social cognitive approach of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the organismic theory of motivation of self-determination theory (SDT). More specifically, it tests the role of success expectations, motivation, and learning outcomes in the form of business ideas in an indirect conditional process where team behavior becomes a contextual variable. The sample consist of 231 students at several universities in Indonesia. Data is analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that students' motivation acted as a mediator between success expectations and learning outcomes, and team behavior strengthens the relationship. These results provide empirical evidence to better understand the mechanism of the success expectation–learning outcome. The implications of these findings are then discussed for teaching and learning in universities.
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Langley, Paul. "The folds of social finance: Making markets, remaking the social." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17752682.
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The global financial crisis acted as a spur to ‘social finance’, a loose grouping of markets demarcated on the grounds of their ostensible social purpose. This article’s critical analysis of social finance contributes to cultural economy research into marketization processes in economic geography and allied fields. First, responding to calls for greater attention to be given to heterogeneous and variegated market-making processes ‘on the ground’, social finance is analysed as a relatively discrete and hybrid modality of marketization that makes possible the valuation and capitalization of the social economy to address collective social problems. Second, moving beyond topographical accounts that understand geographies of marketization as ‘taking place’ through the outward expansion of the market’s imagined boundaries, Gilles Deleuze’s concept of ‘the fold’ is elaborated upon to develop a topological analysis of the spatial constitution of social finance markets. The folds of social finance are seams of inflection, entanglements where the social utility typically lacking from mainstream finance is variously spliced and stitched into marketization processes. In social finance markets-in-the-making, ‘the social’ is also shown to be remade as an array of thoroughly liberal associations and subjectivities that are, at once, pluralist, ethical and entrepreneurial.
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Michaelis, Timothy L., Jeffrey M. Pollack, Paul Mulvey, Beth M. Ritter, and Jon C. Carr. "Gender Bias and Venture Funding: Discussing Bias in the Entrepreneurship Classroom." Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy 3, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 154–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515127419879459.
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We report on the findings from an in-class experiment that represents a learning innovation which can enable classroom-based conversations about bias in the domain of entrepreneurship. More specifically, the present learning innovation explores gender bias in venture funding with regard to entrepreneurship. In an introduction to entrepreneurship class, we randomly assigned students to one of the three experimental conditions—students evaluated an executive summary for a venture either written by a woman, or a man, or one in which the gender was neutral (i.e., the control group). Students acted as if they were considering an investment and reported whether, for example, the executive summary was well written as well as how much equity they would want in the venture as a potential investor. Overall, these results provide evidence consistent with the inference that the students sampled in this study did not use gender as a decision-making heuristic when evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities. We discuss the results of our experiment and describe (a) how to replicate this activity, (b) how to discuss this in the classroom, and (c) how to adapt this activity to explore other types of bias (e.g., race, ethnicity, weight-based, etc.).
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TOMÁŠKOVÁ, Andrea, and Roman ŚMIETAŃSKI. "The Rise or Decline of Craft Trades? Evidence from Czech Republic and Poland." ACTA VŠFS 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/acta-2021/2-01.
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Entrepreneurial activity in the field of craft professions is an integral part of national economies. The aim of the authors is to prepare an overview article, which would simultaneously compare selected business activities in the Czech Republic and Poland in the field of craft trades with an emphasis on young people and their employability in the labour market. In line with the aim of the article, the authors identified four research questions, which they answered based on the analysis of secondary data. They drew data from databases of statistical offices, ministries and associations. Data were processed using a descriptive statistics apparatus. In the Czech Republic, interest in the study of crafts has stagnated for a long time. In recent years, the number of graduates of craft apprenticeships has been growing. Crafts in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering are preferred, e.g. car mechanic, repairman, mechanical locksmith, electrician. Decrease in the number of graduates is recorded in the food and most construction professions. After finishing the apprenticeship, graduates often leave their field. In Poland, most companies operate in the field of trade and repair of motor vehicles. Measured by the number of graduates, the predominant field is the machinery industry, wellness professions and professions in the food industry. The interest among young people in the studied craft trades is declining in most fields, the field of metal machining shows a growing trend. It is also necessary to confirm the craftsman's expertise with a master craftsman’s certification. It is desirable to expand the possibilities of educating pupils and students in a real work environment. It is important that mutual communication between the worlds of practice and education is functional and effective.
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McVeigh, Simon. "The London Symphony Orchestra: The First Decade Revisited." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 138, no. 2 (2013): 313–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690403.2013.830476.
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ABSTRACTThe early history of the London Symphony Orchestra and its association with Richter and Elgar have been well documented, yet there is much still to be learnt about the 1904 break with the autocratic Henry Wood and about the artistic and commercial decisions facing the new self-governing orchestra. From the start, the LSO confidently allied itself with international standards and cosmopolitan repertoire, and a roster of celebrated conductors to match. But financial security was less easily gained. Detailed analysis of the finances of the prestigious subscription series shows initial eclecticism giving way to concentration on the Austro-German canon in reaction to commercial and social pressures. British music came in and out of focus, despite the nationalistic mood of the time, and the analysis places in sharp relief the successes and failures of the link with Elgar. Furthermore, in an extraordinary sacrifice of self-interest, the freelance members decided to renounce normal fees for the subscription series in order to gain lucrative engagements elsewhere: thus the orchestra acted more as an agency than as a stable business proposition. Nevertheless, the innovative governance structure, underpinning a combination of resolute management, entrepreneurial energy and communal decision-making, eventually proved a viable and sustainable model that has remained influential up to this day.
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Davidson-Schmich, L. K., K. Hartmann, and U. Mummert. "You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t (always) make it drink: postive freedom in the aftermath of German unification." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no. 3 (September 1992): 325–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00014-4.
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This article investigates the degree to which the East Germans have acted on the freedoms they gained after the fall of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Initially, many observers expected that the East Germans would quickly take advantage of their political, religious, and economic freedoms to become as entrepreneurial, partisan, and religious as their Western counterparts. Over the past decade, however, social scientists have discovered the persistence of ‘Leninist legacies,’ arguing that the East Europeans’ socialization under communism will make them reluctant to act on the before-mentioned freedoms. Contrary to both of these expectations, we find considerable variation in the Easterners’ behavior. In the economic sphere, while the Easterners have been willing to engage in legal market activity, they have been reluctant to get involved with gray market activity. In the political realm the elites have embraced partisan politics more thoroughly than have ordinary citizens. Finally, the Easterners have flocked neither to the Catholic and Protestant churches nor to new religious movements like Scientology. These results suggest that the combination of Western rights and Eastern Leninist legacies has created a unique incentive structure in East Germany. The Easterners face a different cost-benefit calculus than do the Westerners and, as a result, at times are less willing to act on their positive freedoms.
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PESSIRERON, MARCUS FRETS, and Justintje A. Moriolkosu. "Retracted: RELASI KUASA DAN BISNIS." JURNAL MANEKSI 9, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.31959/jm.v9i1.338.
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https://bit.ly/SuratPermohonanPencabutanArtikelThis study aims to obtain in depth information about the pattern of relations between ruling groups and entrepreneurs in the maros political atmosphere in Indonesia. This type of research is qualitative by using a constructivism approach. In collecting data researchers gather discourse data through print and electronic media and researchers act always as research instruments. Collected data is the relationship between the authorities and entrepreneurs in the Maros political atmosphere in Indonesia. In data collection, researchers collected, discourse data through print and electronic media and researchers acted as instruments of research. Data collected was the relationship between rulers and entrepreneurs in the political atmosphere of Maros in Indonesia. This data was obtained through two sources namely documentation and informants. Collection techniques the data was carried out through the in depth interview method. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using interactive analysis techniques intended to see the process of meaning and effects of discourse production and reproduction. The results showed that power relations between ruling groups and entrepreneurial groups had two objective and subjective dimensions reciprocally influential in producing up to reproducing the discourse of power it produces support for upper level middle level ruling groups to the lowest level of authority in the region.
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Ruskin, Steve. "The Business of Natural History." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 357–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.3.357.
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Charles Aiken was a Colorado ornithologist and specimen dealer whose career spanned almost sixty years, roughly 1870–1930. He was an entrepreneurial naturalist who operated a long-running commercial natural history dealership in Colorado Springs, which enabled him to pursue his passion for birds and make important contributions to American ornithology. Definitive studies of Colorado and Rocky Mountain avifauna were based on his personal specimen collection and extensive residential knowledge. However, his contributions to ornithology have largely been forgotten, highlighting the fact that collectors like Aiken were “invisible technicians.” This article examines the importance of specimen dealers to the science of natural history, suggesting that the tools we use to examine the careers of scientists can also be useful in understanding those commercial collectors who provided scientists with the materials they needed to produce scientific knowledge. The first half follows Aiken’s career from his early training in natural history through to the operation of his natural history dealership. The second half considers Aiken’s contributions to American ornithology, providing insight into the social and scientific status of collectors in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century America. I consider whether specimen dealers are best classified as amateurs, professionals, or scientists. I also examine the tensions engendered by collectors’ commercial practices, and how scientific publication acted as a boundary between collectors and those scientists who used their specimens in the production of knowledge.
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Ricket, Allison L., G. Jason Jolley, Faith Beale Knutsen, and Sarah C. Davis. "Rural Sustainable Prosperity: Social Enterprise Ecosystems as a Framework for Sustainable Rural Development." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 11339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411339.
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The fourth wave of economic development has ushered in social enterprises (SEs) that have the potential to contribute to sustainable development goals (SDGs) in rural regions that have not prospered under the economic development strategies of the past. This study examines three SEs that have emerged at different times in Appalachian Ohio, a region recognized as a rural area recovering from the environmental and health consequences of extractive industries and poverty over the last century. The social entrepreneurial ecosystem (SEE) in this region has begun to thrive recently, rendering now a crucial time to evaluate the conditions that have led to success. Using qualitative methods, three cases were coded to identify whether present-day SEs in rural Appalachia (1) realize values for natural resource stewardship and community wellness in addition to economic profits (a triple bottom line), (2) attract external funds that are retained in the local economy, and (3) align with SDGs. Evidence of these qualities in SEs manifested in different ways across the three cases. Stage two coding revealed findings that (1) the university acted as a catalyzing agent and (2) collective action by generational families was foundational for the social capital that kick-started each case. As the natural capital recovers in the region, opportunities for the SEE to nurture new enterprises aligned with the triple bottom line will increase SDGs. The SEE of Appalachian Ohio offers a model for sustainable development in dispersed rural locations.
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Romaniuk, Nelia Yo. "The Role of Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in the Economic Modernization of the South-East Ukraine: 1861–1914." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190108.
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The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of the modernization of the South-East region of Ukraine in the latter half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century as well as to specify the contribution of entrepreneurs in the formation of the production industry. Methods of research: analysis and synthesis of available information, logical-analytical, problematic-chronological, system-structural methods. The principles of historism, objectivity and consistency, which were the basis of the indicated research methods, made it possible to consider the essence of processes and phenomena, to keep track both of the manifestations of general patterns in the socioeconomic processes in the development of the South-East region of Ukraine and their specific character under the influence of entrepreneurial activity, and also to draw certain conclusions. Key findings: the contribution of entrepreneurs of the South-East Ukraine, which became an important factor in the acceleration of socioeconomic modernization during 1861–1914, is highlighted in the article. Heavy industry became the basis for the modernization in the context of reforms in the latter half of the 19th century, namely production industries related to the extraction of minerals and their processing. During this period, three powerful industrial centers formed: Donetsk coal and metal, Kryvyi Rih ironstone and Nikopol manganese. An important feature of the entrepreneurship development in the South-East region of Ukraine in 1861–1914 was the representation of all population strata: peasants, Cossacks, townsmen, intellectuals, merchants, nobles and foreign capital. They acted as private businessmen and co-owners of collective enterprises. The most common organizational form of entrepreneurship in this period were joint-stock companies, the role and number of which was constantly growing. Conclusions. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Donetsk and Krivyi Rih region became a powerful center of heavy industry (coal, metallurgy, metalworking, machine-building, and chemical). The result of entrepreneurial activity was an increase in production volumes, profitability, the creation of a large number of jobs, the improvement of organization and production technology. Practical value: is determined by the emphasis of the researchers on the need to comprehend the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, its historical lessons, taking into account the powerful factors of this phenomenon and its influence on the contemporary and future civilization development of Ukraine; it is recommended to be used by authors for writing articles, manuals and for development of special courses. Scientific novelty: consists in formulating and studying a relevant topic, which has not received a comprehensive study in historical science. The independent role of entrepreneurship in the capitalist economy at the regional level is shown for the first time; it was proved that the South-East region of Ukraine was the one where the preconditions for the development of private initiative were formed, and also the spread of market relations and entrepreneurship took place; the participation of entrepreneurs in economic modernization as well as the most profitable branches in the region are characterized. Originality: the generalization of experience, practices of profit-making economy of the entrepreneurial strata of the region is used. Type of article: descriptive.
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Krott, Ivan I. "The Place of Modernity: German Entrepreneurship in Western Siberia in the late 19th – early 20th Centuries." Journal of Frontier Studies 6, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v6i4.340.
Full textAbstract:
The study focuses on the issues related to the process of adaptation and economic behavior of German entrepreneurship in Western Siberia in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The construction of the Siberian Railway and migration processes changed the economy, social structure and cultural practices of “old” Siberia. The “yesterday’s outskirts” became a “place of modernity”. The paper aims at presenting economic practices and strategies of German entrepreneurship adaptation in the conditions when the socio-spatial structures of the imperial periphery. were experiencing transformation. On the basis of representative resources, the mechanisms and methods of German entrepreneurs’ adaptation to the local community are shown. The structure of the market space and its segmentation as well as economic niches and economic strategies of German entrepreneurship are defined. The author comes to the conclusion that German entrepreneurs acted in the region as a “market ferment” changing Siberian society, and they could be regarded as actors of socio-economic, cultural modernization of the Siberian space. At the same time, the German merchants themselves experienced external influence from the host society. The research is based on the combination of macroanalytical strategies and microhistorical approach. The concept of “entrepreneurial minority” is a methodological basis for the study presented in the paper. The materials of the paper are addressed to the experts in the field of the history of Siberia as well as to the professional corporation of the researchers interested in the history of ethnic entrepreneurship and in the issues of various ethnic groups’ adaptation to the conditions of a non-ethnic host environment.
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Dirsmith, Mark W., Mark A. Covaleski, and Sajay Samuel. "On Being Professional in the 21st Century: An Empirically Informed Essay." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 34, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 167–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50698.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY The purpose of this article is to reflect on the ongoing transformation of the Big 8/6/5/4 public accounting firms, with the intent of helping primarily doctoral students and junior faculty engaged in developing their own research programs. Drawing on a variety of theoretical research traditions that we have employed in our field research spanning over 30 years, we will briefly reconsider three “moments” through which the phenomenon of the multi-discipline (or, as termed in the sociology of professions literature, the “entrepreneurial”) professional service firm has shaped both accounting firms and accountants: Moment I, in which administrative partners implemented centrally orchestrated control systems to better direct the actions of audit team members, and the response of the latter to resist, deflect, and transform such efforts; Moment II, in which the profession attempted to rebrand itself as a professional service delivery system that could offer “higher platforms of service” to a global business community, in a legal and political context shaped by regulators, U.S. presidential and congressional politicians, the lay membership of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), and such laws as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; and Moment III, in which the concept of professional entrepreneurialism became internalized within and acted upon by both individual professionals and firms, although in a manner not wholly controlled by administrative partners nor practice partners. Impressions gleaned from this reflective exercise are explored, and implications for researchers who may be contemplating field research using qualitative methods are sketched.
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Inoyatova, Dilaram M. "Participation of Representatives of the German Diaspora in the Economy of Turkestan." Journal of Frontier Studies 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2023): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v8i1.495.
Full textAbstract:
The mass resettlement of Germans, among other Russian peoples, from Russia, Germany and other European countries and the formation of a diaspora on the territory of Turkestan began in the second half of the 19th century after its conquest by the Russian Empire. Having successfully adapted to the new lands, Germans, along with other peoples, took an active part in the political, cultural and economic life of Turkestan. This article is devoted to the representatives of the German diaspora who were directly involved in the economy of Turkestan. The goal is to analyze the economic activity of the Germans in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. In this study, both general scientific and specialized methods are used, which allowed for a consistent analysis.
We have identified various areas of German entrepreneurship in the spheres of the economy of Turkestan. In particular, urban Germans were directly employed in the field of service personnel, in industrial, commercial and entrepreneurial activities; they acted both as independent merchants and as managers of firms. Rural peasants, German settlers, became one of the main driving forces of the agrarian development of the region. They became owners of farms, contributed to the development of agriculture, irrigation and animal husbandry. An analysis of the economic activities of the German diaspora in Turkestan showed that, despite their relatively small number in the region, they had a very noticeable impact on the socio-economic development of the region, which had a positive value for Turkestan. The article may be useful to scientific and practical workers, graduate students and all those who are interested in the history of the German diaspora and the development of the economy in the Turkestan period.