Relevant bibliographies by topics / Act of Uniformity (1662)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Act of Uniformity (1662)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Act of Uniformity (1662)"

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McMahon, S. "John Ray (1627-1705) and the Act of Uniformity 1662." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 54, no. 2 (May 22, 2000): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2000.0105.

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John Ray was one of the most influential British natural philosophers of the 17th century. His model of natural history served as an organizing principle for the philosophic understanding of living nature and his works on natural theology were seminal. Many modern historians have placed Ray within the Puritan tradition, primarily based on Ray's choice, as an ordained Anglican priest, to leave his fellowship at Cambridge rather than subscribe to the Act of Uniformity in 1662. However, Ray left no explicit evidence of either his religious or political views during this period and his reasons for refusing to subscribe to the Act are not transparent. My analysis of his early Essex environment, his friends and associates at Cambridge University, his correspondence during the crucial years of 1660–62 and the strategies he pursued in his only contemporary published work, the Catalogus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam (1660) provide no evidence to situate Ray within a Puritan framework and much evidence to suggest that Ray remained committed to Anglican and loyalist principles throughout his career.
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Wykes, David L. "Protestant Dissent and the Law: Enforcement and Persecution, 1662–72." Studies in Church History 56 (May 15, 2020): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2019.17.

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Religious Dissent was shaped by the law. The Act of Uniformity (1662) set out the terms of conformity, and those who could not accept those terms risked prosecution. A great many were convicted under the earlier Elizabethan and Jacobean recusancy statutes, but new laws, such as the Conventicle Acts (1664, 1670) and the Five Mile Act (1665), were also passed. Anthony Fletcher's essay, published in 1984, remains almost the only study of enforcement, in which he argued that the impact of the penal laws on Dissent has been exaggerated because the Conventicle Acts were not systematically enforced. A range of contemporary accounts will be used to suggest that their impact was greater than has been appreciated because of the enforcement of other statutes and the harassment of ejected ministers and their supporters.
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Fiddes, Paul S. "Baptists and 1662: the Effect of the Act of Uniformity on Baptists and its Ecumenical Significance for Baptists today." Ecclesiology 9, no. 2 (2013): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455316-00902004.

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The Act of Uniformity of 1662 had a much greater impact on the lives of Baptists in England and Wales than is indicated by the number of about 22 ejected from livings, since the Act was the symbolic focus of an attempt to impose religious uniformity more widely in society than merely in the practice of the clergy of the state church. Even before the Conventicle Act of 1664 (replaced by the second Conventicle Act of 1670), the 1662 Act encouraged revival and application of the Elizabethan Act of Uniformity of 1559, reinforced by the Religion Act of 1592, resulting in fines, imprisonment, threat of transportation and deaths in the unhealthy conditions of prison. The purpose of this article is not, however, to chronicle in detail the miseries caused by the series of Acts commonly called the ‘Clarendon Code’, but to explore the theological reasons why Baptists resisted the uniformity that was being attempted, drawing on two Baptist Confessions of faith written in the period. Uniformity is considered with regard to resistance to the Prayer Book, the requirement for reception of the Anglican eucharist as qualification for public office, and episcopacy. It is argued that the central theological reason for refusal of conformity in all these areas was an honouring of the rule of Christ in the congregation. Comparison is made in each of these areas with the life of the church today and especially with the ecumenical situation. The speculative suggestion is thus made that, had obedience to the rule of Christ been seen to be satisfied, Baptists could in principle have been drawn with other Nonconformists into a comprehensive national church. Less speculatively, it is urged that there are implications for ecumenical relations today.
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Johnson, Rosalind, and Roger Ottewill. "Memorializing 1662: Hampshire Congregationalists and the 250th Anniversary of the Great Ejection." Studies in Church History 49 (2013): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400002163.

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Edwardian Congregationalists regarded 1662 as their annus mirabilis, to be venerated and celebrated in equal measure. For them it was the year when all that they revered, such as the enthronement of conscience, had been thrown into sharp relief by the Great Ejection. This event, which helped to shape the identity of historically minded Congregationalists, had acquired a mythical quality and become part of the denomination’s folk lore. The Ejection involved the removal of ‘some 2,000 ministers … from their livings because they could not swear their “unfeigned assent and consent to … everything contained and prescribed” in the new Prayer Book, or meet some of the other requirements of the new Act of Uniformity’. Many ejected ministers attracted followers, who became the founding members of Dissenting congregations which later evolved into self-governing Congregational churches.
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Clark, Richard. "How was the Church of England Restored in the 1660s? Bishop Hacket, the Act of Uniformity of 1662, and the Archdeaconry of Derby." Midland History 38, no. 1 (March 2013): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0047729x13z.00000000015.

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Wykes, David L. "‘To let the memory of these men dye is injurious to posterity’: Edmund Calamy’s Account of the ejected ministers." Studies in Church History 33 (1997): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400013358.

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Edmund Calamy is celebrated as the biographer of Restoration Nonconformity. His account of the sufferings of the ministers ejected from their livings following the Restoration religious settlement is well known to historians of Dissent. As a biographer he was responsible for rescuing many details and even the names of ejected ministers which would otherwise have been lost. His account remains therefore the pre-eminent source for the study of the early history of Nonconformity. In addition to the biographical details about individual ministers, he included much incidental information on the organization and structure of early Dissent. Nevertheless, the significance of his work went beyond the biographical accounts. Modern religious Dissent dates from the Restoration of Charles II and the passing of the 1662 Act of Uniformity, which saw about 2,000 ministers, preachers, and teachers suffer the loss of their livelihoods for their refusal to conform. The Great Ejection was, however, more than just an historical event. As A. G. Matthews, the compiler of the outstanding revision of Calamy’s list of ejected ministers, wrote:
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Morehen, John. "The English Anthem Text, 1549–1660." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 117, no. 1 (1992): 62–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/117.1.62.

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The extensive repertory of English anthems composed between the passing of the Act of Uniformity (1549) and the cessation of church services precipitated by the Civil War during the 1640s has been the focus of such concentrated attention in recent years that, on first sight at least, few important facets appear to have languished in neglect. Amongst those aspects of the anthem which have been subjected to detailed scrutiny are the genre itself,' the associated printed and manuscript music sources, the many vexing problems of performance practice, and the anthem settings of most of the principal composers. One conspicuous omission from this research profile, however, is any survey of anthem texts, a subject of such fundamental importance as to refute any suggestion that the present understanding of the anthem genre is complete.
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Bursell, Rupert D. H. "The Seal of the Confessional." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 2, no. 7 (July 1990): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00000958.

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The seal of the confessional was part of the canon law applied in England before the Reformation. It was also part of that law which was continued in force at the Reformation, as is confirmed by the proviso to canon 113 of the 1603 Canons. This proviso is still in force and proprio vigore binds the clergy of the Church of England. By the Act of Uniformity, 1662, the hearing of confessions was enjoined upon those clergy in certain circumstances; the law places no limit upon the frequency of their being heard. It is unsurprising that there are infrequent references to the seal of the confessional since the Reformation; such cases as there are are inconclusive. Nevertheless, although the seal of the confessional may be waived by the penitent, the refusal by an Anglican clergyman to disclose what was said within sacramental confession is based upon a duty imposed on him by the ecclesiastical law rather than upon an evidential privilege. An Anglican clergyman in breach of that duty would be in grave danger of censure by the ecclesiastical courts and such censure might well lead to his deprivation and possible deposition from Holy Orders. The ecclesiastical law is part of the general law of the land and must be applied in both the ecclesiastical and secular courts. Both courts must therefore enforce that clerical duty and uphold any refusal by an Anglican clergyman to answer questions in breach of the seal of the confessional.
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Maharini, Rismarika, and Yusnelti. "Pengaruh konsentrasi PEG 400 sebagai kosurfaktan pada formulasi nanoemulsi minyak kepayang." CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/chp.v5i1.7604.

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Kepayang oil has a high content of linoleic and oleic acids. Linoleic and oleic acids act as emollients in the cosmetic field. Nanotechnology is one of the latestinnovations that can be used in cosmetics preparation delivery systems because it can improve the drug delivery process. This study aims to examine the effect of PEG 400 on the formulation of Kepayang oil nanoemulsion. The concentrations of tween 80 and variation concentrations of PEG 400 used in F1, F2, and F3 are 36%: 0%, 36%: 24% and 36%: 14% using the SNEDDS method. The characteristics of nanoemulsion preparations include organoleptic, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. The result of nanoemulsion production has the organoleptic form in bright yellow color and has a distinctive odor, the particle size in F1, F2 and F3 are 11.8, 13.2 and 11.3 with a polydispersity index of 0.315, 0.147 and 0.121 and zeta potential -16.2, 13.4 and 1.8. The effect of variations in surfactant concentration in the nanoemulsion formulations of kepayang oil is that the higher the level of PEG 400, it will reduce the pH and viscosity of the preparation, increase the particle size, the uniformity of droplet size uniformity, but does not affect the potential zeta value. The best formula is F2.
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IANNACE, ALESSANDRO. "A THREE-STEP VIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF GEOLOGY." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 388–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.2.388.

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ABSTRACT The evolution of geology as an independent science can be envisaged as a relatively continuous process yet marked by three fundamental steps. These represented singularities which established significant advances in the epistemological and heuristic power of the discipline. This interpretation of history has to be strictly based on an evaluation of the epistemological basis of geology according to modern scholarship. The recognition of these ‘golden spikes’, albeit artificial, may help geologists to better grasp the philosophical position of geology with respect to other sciences. The first step was the publication of Steno's Prodromus in 1669, which established the methodological rules for decoding a geologic history from the geometrical arrangements of beds. The second step was the founding of the Geological Society of London in 1807, an act by which a new community recognized itself as a scientific and professional entity applying a novel methodology in the study of Earth. Their approach represented a synthesis of the Wernerian-historical and the Huttonian-causal methods. The third step was the emergence of plate tectonics in 1967, when the actualistic method (i.e. uniformity of laws and processes) could be extended to the interpretation of the whole lithosphere. At the same time, the heuristic power of historical geology was validated by independent, physico-mathematical testing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Act of Uniformity (1662)"

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Resnick, Shawna K. "Elizabeth I and the 1559 Act of Uniformity: A Study of the Impact of Gender Roles and Religious Conflict." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/65.

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This study, which is entitled, “Elizabeth I and the 1559 Act of Uniformity: A Study of the Impact of Gender Roles and Religious Conflict” analyzes the impact of 16th century gender roles and religious conflict to explain the decision of Elizabeth I, Queen of England from 1558 – 1603, to champion the passage of the Act of Uniformity through Parliament in 1559. Through the analysis of primary sources, specifically Elizabeth’s letters from her childhood through the Act’s passing in 1559, an understanding of these influences on Elizabeth is developed which illuminates important turning points in her life and the subsequent development of her personal desire to mitigate religious conflict in England and to bring unity to her people. The analysis was conducted through the use of historical analysis of primary sources in combination with the use of Narrative Thematic Analysis in order to discover themes within the sources. The themes which emerged then offered insight into Elizabeth’s personal development and her decisions regarding the Act of Uniformity. The focus of this dissertation is guided by the context of 16th century gender roles and the 16th century Protestant Reformation which ultimately laid the foundation for Elizabeth’s birth and directly influenced her education as well as religious and personal development. The impact of gender roles and the expectations placed upon Elizabeth is intertwined with the subsequent religious conflict Elizabeth witnessed in England from her birth. The results focus on illustrating areas of conflict in the 16th century and how each area of conflict is relevant to comprehend if there is to be success in altering the path of both gender conflict and religious conflict in the modern era.
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Phanraksa, Orakanoke. "Uniformity of the patent policy in technology transfer in Thailand : to what extent can the Bayh-Dole Act concept be adapted for the Thai technology transfer system? /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9626.

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Laubscher, Jacques. "An investigation of the National Building Regulations to promote uniformity and sustainability in the South African built environment." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28660.

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The study investigates two aspects that arise when an application is made for building plan approval to the Building Control Officer (BCO) in the Department of Building Control at a local authority (LA). Firstly, the uniform application of the minimum requirements for building plan approval is studied. Secondly, while keeping the original goal of the National Building Regulations (NBR) in mind, the inclusion of passive design requirements is considered as part of the minimum requirements. In the Republic of South Africa (South Africa), the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act, 1977 (Act 103 of 1977) determines the minimum requirements of any building. Although the NBR are in the process of being rewritten, the amended 1990 version is still being used. On 15 June 2010, the South African National Standard (SANS) 10400-XA: The Application of the National Building Regulations Part X: Environmental Sustainability Section A: Energy Usage in Buildings, was published for public comment. However, the current version of the NBR does not address sustainability. Therefore, it is argued that the planning and erection of structures within the South African built environment do not currently conform to any minimum sustainability requirements. A series of ‘Deemed-to-Satisfy Rules’ constitutes an integral part of the NBR. Should a development in the built environment comply with these prerequisites, it is observing the statutory requirements of Act 103 of 1977. The regulations are implemented by the Department of Building Control of the different LAs (or municipalities). Act 103 of 1977 also prescribes the appointment, qualifications and functions of the BCO who should head the department. However, it is the LA’s responsibility to appoint the BCO. An LA’s Department of Building Control uses guidelines (as determined by Act 103 of 1977) to approve applications for new buildings and alterations to existing ones. A series of prescribed inspections should be conducted during the construction phase of a building. Before a building can be used for its intended purpose, the BCO has to sign a Certificate of Occupancy. Although the NBR provide prescriptions, the requirements are implemented in different ways by the various LAs. After determining the origin and examining the goals and implementation methods of Act 103 of 1977 and its Regulations (together with the Code of Application (SANS 10400:1990)), this study demonstrates that the current edition of the NBR is not uniformly implemented in the Republic of South Africa. Additionally, the study links the original goal of the NBR to limit inflationary tendencies with current practice to use passive design principles to combat building operation costs. Lastly, a pro forma application form is included as an addendum (although it is not officially part of the study). This proposed pro forma could assist in the uniform implementation of NBR, while at the same time promoting sustainability.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
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Books on the topic "Act of Uniformity (1662)"

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National Uniformity for Food Act of 2000: Report (to accompany S. 1155). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Small Business Venture Capital Act of 2007: Report (to accompany S. 1662). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Providing for further consideration of H.R. 4167, National Food Uniformity Act of 2005: Report (to accompany H. Res. 710). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Bureau of Reclamation Site Security Costs Act of 2007: Report (to accompany H.R. 1662) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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National Uniformity for Food Act of 2005: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 4167) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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National Uniformity for Food Act of 2004: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 2699) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Appleby, David. Black Bartholomew's Day: Preaching, polemic and restoration nonconformity. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007.

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Endangered Species Data Quality Act of 2004: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 1662) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Torture Victim Protection Act of 1989: Report (to accompany H.R. 1662 ... referred jointly to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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S. 3128: The National Uniformity for Food Act : hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, on examining S. 3128, to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to provide for uniform food safety warning notification requirements, July 27, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Act of Uniformity (1662)"

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Spurr, John. "Puritans from Uniformity to Toleration, 1662–89." In English Puritanism 1603–1689, 131–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26854-2_9.

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"The Act of Uniformity, 1662 (14 Charles II, c.4)." In Documents of the English Reformation, 492–504. The Lutterworth Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvss3z15.52.

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Keeble, N. H. "Rewriting the Public Narrative." In Textual Transformations, 97–113. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808817.003.0006.

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Unable to accept the conditions for ministry in the established church laid down by the 1662 Act of Uniformity the Puritan divine Richard Baxter, author of best-selling works of homiletic, practical, and devotional theology, set himself henceforth to ‘do what Service [he]could for Posterity’ through such publications. However, finding the prejudicial and partisan attacks on, and accounts of, the nonconformists that issued from the official press increasingly galling, with the temporary lapse of the Licensing Act in 1679 he embarked on a sustained series of defences of the nonconformist position. This chapter examines the nature of these controversial works, and some of the ironies and tensions involved in Baxter seeking to speak for the body of nonconformity from his distinctive position of moderate ‘Catholic’ Christianity, to argue that these amounted to a sustained press campaign to influence public opinion that transformed the role of the press.
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Hall, David D. "Legacies." In The Puritans, 342–54. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151397.003.0011.

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This epilogue recounts how Puritanism as a movement within the Church of England came to an end in 1662, when some 1,600 ministers who refused to conform were “ejected” and, thereafter, became known as Dissenters (or Dissent). Anyone who accepted the provisions of the Act of Uniformity of May 1662 had to prove that a bishop had ordained him or accept ordination anew. Conformity also required scrupulous adherence to the Book of Common Prayer. Understandably, some of the ejected ministers found their way back into the state church or, because of local circumstances, were able to carry on their ministry for a while. Meanwhile, the situation in Scotland is less easily summarized. There, episcopacy was restored and the royal supremacy reaffirmed, but no English-style prayer book was reimposed. The Scots who thought of themselves as Presbyterians continued to practice their tradition, although they were harshly criticized for compromising with government of Charles II by countrymen who clung to the covenants of 1638 and 1643. On all sides, the personal tragedies were many. Even after William III agreed to replace episcopal governance with Presbyterian, schisms continued to fracture the kirk in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
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Hughes, Ann. "Print and Pastoral Identity." In Church Life, 152–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753193.003.0009.

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This chapter explores the poignant dilemmas of those Presbyterian clergy who suffered ejection from their livings in 1662 following the passing and enforcement of the Act of Uniformity. Their commitment to a national church meant that they were reluctant Dissenters, demonstrated in ambiguous and complex relationships with the restored episcopal Church of England. For the likes of Samuel Clarke, Thomas Watson, Thomas Case, and other ejected Presbyterian ministers, print offered a way of establishing a virtual pastoral identity during the Restoration, not only through the production of new works but also through reissues of material first published during the 1640s and 1650s. The legacy of the Civil War was thus double-edged, in some ways comprising a culture of defeat, yet also contributing to a resolute and distinctive Presbyterian legacy through a vibrant print culture and the ongoing memorialization of Nonconformity.
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Keeble, N. H. "The Reformed Pastor as Nonconformist." In Church Life, 136–51. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753193.003.0008.

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This chapter examines the complexities and tensions of Richard Baxter’s pastoral and ecclesiastical thought and practice after 1662 when, an unwilling Nonconformist, he continued to work for a less prescriptive and more inclusive national episcopal church that might accommodate the greater part of Nonconformist opinion. While he could not be a member of a church re-established by the Act of Uniformity on exclusive lines, no more would he separate from it or promote a permanent schism in the religious life of the nation by ministering to a separatist gathered church. This non-partisan Baxterian middle way, or ‘mere Christianity’, and particularly his practice of occasional communion with parish churches, was attacked by both Nonconformists and conformists, but Baxter’s commitment to church unity never wavered. For the last thirty years of his life, only through writing could the author of the classic The Reformed Pastor (1656) exercise his pastoral vocation.
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Hefling, Charles. "Preambles: “But One Use”." In The Book of Common Prayer: A Guide, 76–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190689681.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the Prayer Book’s self-presentation in its preliminary, nonliturgical prose: the two Acts of Uniformity (1559 and 1662) that define the constitution of the text and regulate its use in the Church of England; and the three prefatory essays, two of which were written by Thomas Cranmer for the original, 1549 Book of Common Prayer, and have been retained ever since. These texts are themselves primary sources that provide a preliminary context in which to understand the origins and purpose of the liturgies they precede. They outline the successive revisions of the Prayer Book, and indicate both the political and the theological dimensions of its contents.
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Locke, John. "Criticisms of the 1662 Printing Act." In The Clarendon Edition of the Works of John Locke, Vol. 23: Literary and Historical Writings, edited by J. R. Milton, Brandon Chua, Geoff Kemp, David McInnis, John Spurr, and Richard Yeo. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00263873.

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Mandal, Saptarshi. "Towards Uniformity of Rights." In Conflict in the Shared Household, 171–200. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489954.003.0007.

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The chapter locates the PWDVA in the context of India’s multiple, religion-specific personal laws. It underlies three factors that allow PWDVA to establish common standards governing family life, despite un-common or separate family laws. First, the religion-neutral framing of the PWDVA and the judges’ understanding of domestic violence as a universal phenomenon cutting across religion. Second, though the DV Act concerns violence, it is designed essentially to protect the economic interests of women, which enables the Act to enter the domain of family law. And third, judges’ understanding that women face the same economic difficulties when their marriages break down, irrespective of religion. Focusing on the issue of maintenance, the chapter demonstrates, that the PWDVA because of the above three factors, allows judges to focus on their sameness rather than difference, and create common standards on maintenance irrespective of religion of the parties.
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"The Act of Uniformity, 1559 (1 Elizabeth I, c.2)." In Documents of the English Reformation, 294–99. The Lutterworth Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvss3z15.36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Act of Uniformity (1662)"

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Lee, P. Y. C., and W. H. Leong. "On the Reduction of Wall Temperature Non-Uniformity of a Three-Dimensional Experimental Apparatus." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88581.

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This paper presents a detailed analysis that was performed for the design of a “uniform” temperature boundary condition imposed on a boundary of a three-dimensional cubical experimental apparatus for benchmark natural convection heat transfer study. The three-dimensional experimental apparatus was constructed with plates which were assembled to act as boundary conditions to the enclosure walls. Test measurements revealed that temperature non-uniformity along one of the plates (boundary) was significant enough that the benchmark study could not be carried out to the desired accuracy of about 1% error. A subsequent detailed mathematical analysis revealed that the temperature non-uniformity on the plate was a result of the effect of thermal spreading/constriction resistance. Modifications to the original design of the apparatus were made to reduce the temperature non-uniformity on the plate by adding a heat source around the plate where the uniform temperature setting was desired. Before the addition of this heat source, a careful mathematical analysis shows a significant reduction in temperature non-uniformity from about 4% (based on the initial design) to less than 1% (for the modified design). By examining the temperature difference between two locations on the plate, the predicted temperature difference obtained through mathematical analyses show excellent agreement with the measured temperature difference.
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Zeng, Fan, and Beshah Ayalew. "Model Predictive Control of a Distributed-Parameter Process Employing a Moving Radiant Actuator." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4033.

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Many industrial processes employ radiation-based actuators with two or more manipulated variables. Moving radiant actuators, in particular, act on a distributed parameter process where the velocity of the actuator is an additional manipulated variable with its own constraints. In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) scheme is developed for a distributed-parameter process employing such a moving radiant actuator. The designed MPC controller uses an online optimization approach to determine both the radiant intensity and velocity of the moving actuator based on a linearized process model and a distributed state/parameter estimator. A particular source-model reduction that enables the approach is outlined. The proposed strategy is then demonstrated for a radiative curing process considering different control scenarios with the objective of achieving desired cure level uniformity and minimizing process energy use.
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Louw, Jaysveree M. "CHALLENGES WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADMISSION POLICY FOR GRADES R AND 1 IN THE MOTHEO DISTRICT IN THE FREE STATE PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end082.

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At the beginning of every year thousands of learners report for Grade R and Grade 1 across schools in South Africa. Unfortunately, many learners are refused admission to these grades when parents apply. The national policy that guides and governs admission of learners to public schools is the South African Schools Act (SASA) 84 of 1996. This policy stipulates that the admission age of a learner to a public or independent school for Grade R is age four, turning five by 30 June in the year of admission. For a learner to be admitted to Grade 1, the learner has to be five, turning six by 30 June in the year of admission (SASA 1996 Section 5a-6; Ramadiro and Vally 2005:1). But SASA (1996: Section 3(1) also states that attendance is compulsory in the year in which a learner turns seven. According to the National Education Policy Act (NEPA) 27 of 1996 and SASA (1996: Section 5) the Admission Policy of a public school is determined by the School Governing Body (SGB). However, according to the findings of the research there is no uniformity and consistency in schools as far as admission to Grades R and 1 is concerned. In addition, the study reveals that many parents are unaware of the age requirements for Grades R and 1. Although SASA does stipulate the admission age to Grade R and Grade 1, it also states that schools, in the form of the SGB, can determine their own Admission Policy. Hence some schools admit learners according to SASA, while others ignore the requirements stipulated in SASA and determine their own Admission Policies. The study aims to determine what the challenges are with the implementation of the policy. A qualitative research method in the form of interviews was conducted to collect data from teachers, parents, SGBs, school principals and departmental officials. Based on the findings recommendations were made, one of which is that there should be uniformity amongst schools as far as policy implementation is concerned. The theoretical framework that guides this study is document phenomenology.
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Cunningham, Matthew, Steve Deline, Tim Schatz, Abby Beltrame, Erik Steinmetz, Sarah Howard, and Mark Smith. "Thrombogenicity Testing for Blood-Contacting Medical Devices in an In Vitro Ovine Blood Loop: Design Improvements and Continuing Validation." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3385.

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Thrombogenicity testing is often a requirement for regulatory approval of many types of blood-contacting medical devices [1, 2]. This study describes the continuing improvement in design and characterization of a minimally-heparinized in vitro blood-loop assay which utilizes freshly drawn ovine blood. These modifications were made after studies using this in vitro model were submitted to the FDA in lieu of the in vivo nonanticoagulated venous implant (NAVI) thrombogenicity test. After extensive discussions with FDA reviewers, several modifications which further characterize and improve the assay have been included: 1). Improved temperature control of the blood before and during the incubation period, 2). Improved uniformity and reproducibility of loop geometry, specifically the length of working space for device deployment and a fixed curvature for the radius of the return segment of the loop, 3). Additional measurement of blood parameters prior to and during the incubation period, complete blood counts and activated clotting time (ACT), 4). More rigorous management of ACT, 5). Measurement of non-adherent thrombus formation in the blood, 6).Incorporation of a legally marketed predicate comparator device in all the assays, and 7).Physical characterization of the positive controls. This validated method with enhanced characterization and more reproducible methods allows for a more robust and reliable assay. These results continue to support the premise that this in vitro blood loop assay may eventually supplant the NAVI model for routine hemocompatibility testing for catheter-like blood contacting medical devices.
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Jiang, Wenbing, Zhongqi Zuo, Yonghua Huang, Peijie Sun, and Peng Li. "Analysis on Thermal Design Concern of Vapor Cooled Shield for Cryogenic Tanks." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3439.

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Abstract In the long run, storage of cryogenic propellants on orbit is one of the most crucial technologies for future space exploration. Vapor cooled shield (VCS) has been considered as an effective tool to intercept heat leakage from the environment into the cryogenic tanks. In addition to that, reduce or even eliminate propellant boil-off. This scrutiny ascertains a 3D model to investigate the temperature distribution on VCS, and also conforms to the fact of temperature uniformity assumption in literature. The relationship amid the temperature distribution on VCS, the shield wall thickness, and the vented vapor’s mass flow rate is analyzed for series-type VCS and parallel-type VCS to clarify the existing temperature gradient on VCS and the way it influences the MLI’s insulation performance. The outcomes of the study could act as a beneficial tool for the thermal design of cryogenic VCS.
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Nakashima, Seisuke, Koji Sugioka, and Katsumi Midorikawa. "Micro and Nanofabrication of GaN by Wet-Chemical-Assisted Femtosecond Laser Ablation." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18367.

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For micro/nanofabrication of Gallium nitride (GaN), we developed wet-chemical-assisted fs laser ablation in which the femtosecond (fs) laser beam focused using an objective lens was directed on the surface of a GaN substrate immersed in 35% hydrochloric (HCl) acid solution. Nanocrators with a diameter as small as 320 nm (FWHM) were successfully formed on surface of a single-crystal GaN substrate by a single pulse of the second harmonic fs-laser beam (λ = 387 nm, 150 fs) focused using an objective lens with NA of 0.5. Nano scale ablation is responsible for two-photon absorption of the fs laser. The ablated craters exhibit higher quality and better uniformity with little debris formation compared with those produced by fs-laser ablation in air followed by etching in HCl (two-step processing method). The high quality ablation is presumably due to photochemical or photothermal reaction of HCl solution with ablated materials, resulting in complete removal of debris and in sharp edge and smooth surface of craters. We have demonstrated formation of 140-μm-long straight and hollow channels embedded in GaN by scanning the laser beam inside the substrate. 3D micro and nano fabrication technique of GaN has great potential for manufacture of highly-functional micro devices. We have also tried to fabricate 2D periodic nanostructures on GaN surface by scanning the sample in x-y plane. Nanocrators with uniform size periodically arranged on GaN surface can act as a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal which is expected to enhance a light extraction efficiency of blue LED.
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Lásková, Mariana, and Alena Novák Sedláčková. "Unruly passengers on board aircraft." In Práce a štúdie. University of Zilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.21.

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Unruly behaviour on board aircraft can cause a minor inconvenience to the other passengers, or else, it can escalate to such a degree where the passengers’ safety is jeopardised. Over the last three decades, the number of unruly passenger incidents has increased dramatically. The frequency and severity of such incidents had become a growing concern of the international community and aviation industry itself. Consequently, different preventive and countermeasures have been implemented to cope and deter such behaviour. The primary aim of this paper is to focus on the legal aspect of trying and prosecuting the offenders who have committed an offence or act that jeopardises the safety of aircraft or good order on board. This was accomplished by analysing the international legal framework governing unruly behaviour, namely the Tokyo Convention of 1963 and its amending Montreal Protocol from 2014. The main factor that was observed is the way how these legal instruments addressed the provisions for trying the alleged offenders and their effectiveness in the deterrence of unruly behaviour. In this paper, formal legal and case-study methods, along with comparative reasoning, were used to analyse the legal instruments. The findings showed that the Tokyo Convention had made a valuable contribution to establishing an international security legal framework. However, considerable deficiencies of this treaty have hindered the global legal uniformity and effective enforcement mechanism. Those shortcomings were to be eliminated by the Montreal Protocol. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that, while it succeeded to eliminate the most triggering shortcoming of jurisdiction, it failed to address the lack of strong enforcement and has even constrained the powers of in-flight security officers. Regrettably, that proves to impede the achievement of the Montreal Protocol’s objectives, and it sees only a small added value. Hence, further improvements are needed to ensure that it is effective in the realities faced by modern aviation.
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Caballero, Andrés. "V. Eusa’s Intervention in the 2nd Expansion of Pamplona: The artistic transformation of a technical model." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5996.

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V. Eusa’s Intervention in the 2nd Expansion of Pamplona: The artistic transformation of a technical model. Andrés Caballero Lobera Departamento de Arquitectura. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián. Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Pza. Oñati, 2, 20018 Donostia. E-mail: ander.caballero@ehu.eus Keywords (3-5): Eusa; Pamplona; Ensanche; Sitte; Propileos. Conference topics: City transformations.It is inevitable to be disappointed when we consciously compare today’s city with yesterday’s. Territorial occupancy was an arduous task which confronted man and nature. It was a collective act, the cultural manifestation of a society that aspired to artistically represent itself in the cities it built, both in buildings and public spaces. The city of the past, so conceived, successfully raised through time, and even today we can appreciate, in the human affection it brings about, the plastic value of its buildings and the ambient quality of its public spaces. Currently the contemporary city is just incapable of meeting a profound spiritual demand if it does not pursues a practical goal. In the Ensanche, one of its most renowned examples, the idea of the city imposes a restriction to the artistic or monumental value of the historic city in favour of a technical efficiency that facilitates the economic and administrative management of the new city. The unidentified reticular mesh so characteristic of the urban morphology of the Ensanche evinces the distortion of the hippodamian model which in past ages and also throughout time probed its validity to provide magnificent examples of cities thought and built also from artistic principles. In the late example of the 2nd Ensanche of Pamplona, we attend to the solitary labour of an architect such as Victor Eusa Razquin, who knew how to transform with his buildings the “technical” uniformity of the Ensanche by transforming, qualifying and enriching it with the incrustation of architectural episodes of elevated artistic value. References COLLINS, George R. y Christiane C. Camillo Sitte y el nacimiento del urbanismo moderno. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili, 1980. LYNCH, Kevin. La imagen de la ciudad. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1998. ORDEIG CORSINI, José María. Diseño y normativa en la ordenación urbana de Pamplona (1770-1960). Pamplona: Dpto. de Educación y Cultura. Dirección General de Cultura - Institución Príncipe de Viana, 1992. SICA, Paolo. Historia del urbanismo, siglo XIX. Madrid: I.E.A.L. 1981. SITTE, Camilo. “Introduction” en, L’art de batir les villes. L’urbanisme selon ses fondements artistiques. Paris: Livre et communication, 1990.
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Knobloch, Aaron J., Matt Wasilik, Carlos Fernandez-Pello, and Albert P. Pisano. "Micro, Internal-Combustion Engine Fabrication With 900 µm Deep Features Via DRIE." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42558.

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New results are presented for the development of a micro, internal-combustion engine fabricated in a process that achieves 900 μm deep features via deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). A single-sided 900 μm deep etch process with high mask selectivity is used to generate straight sidewall structures with low sidewall roughness. This research is part of an effort to create a portable, MEMS-based Rotary Engine Power System (MEMS REPS) capable of producing power on the order of milliwatts with an energy density better than that of a conventional battery. The MEMS REPS is based on the planar geometry and self-valving operation of a Wankel engine with an integrated electrical generator. A generator and stator colocated within the engine rotor and housing eliminates the need for any external shafts, couplings, or seals. The rotary internal combustion engine is composed of 5 major comonents: a 900 μm deep rotor with soft magnetic poles and 25 μm wide in-plane cantilever beams which act as apex seals, a 900 μm deep epitrochoid housing with intake and exhaust ports, rear plate with spur gear, a top plate, and a shaft. This configuration was chosen in order to eliminate the effect of beaching during timed DRIE etches and to minimize engine leakage while maximizing spur gear teeth resolution, and simplifying engine fabrication. However, this configuration requires some assembly and optimization of DRIE parameters for each component. The rotor and epitrochoid housing are co-fabricated on the same wafer to minimize deviation in thickness and match etch behavior between mating components. This approach forces the generation of a mask with narrow, deep trenches (to define the cantilever apex seals on the rotors) in proximity to large “tub” etches (to define the engine housing). High etch cycle pressures improved etch selectivity to over 350:1 with respect to oxide and 150:1 to photoresist which is necessary for 900 μm deep features. High pressure also improved sidewall profile of the etched structures. Engine cross-sections show an 8 μm wall deviation on either side of a 250 μm trench through an etch depth of 867 μm. In addition to good sidewall straightness, these etch parameters give a low sidewall roughness through the generation of small size scallops on the sidewalls. However, the side effects of these etch parameters include silicon “grass” at the bottom of the trench, poor etch uniformity across the wafer, and increased effect of aspect ratio dependent etching. Some strategies to overcome these effects are discussed.
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