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Setia, Shinta, Pwee Leng, Yurillah Endah Mauliate, Dian Ekowati, and Dwi Ratmawati. "The Principal Leadership in Developing Inclusive Education for Diverse Students." International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 08–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijeiece.v3i1.519.
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Background – Zonasi, a new ‘zoning-based school’ system implemented by the Indonesian government in June 2019 has created a significatnt impact on student enrollment in all public schools across the country. Before June 2019, student enrollment in public schools were based on its schools selection process, mainly academic achievement, whilst for past 2 years (2019 and 2020) students enrollment has been based on “zonasi”, a geographical distance between student’s home and the chosen school. The closer the distance, the bigger chance to get acceptance. As as result, public schools nowadays has more diverse students than before. Purpose - This research aimed to explore leadership practices of secondary public school principal in transforming a regular public school into inclusive public school through the act of leadership practices. The school was acknowledged by local government and communities as one of the successful inclusive public high school in Surabaya.Design/methodology/approach - This research used a qualitative approach within a case study design. The data collection techniques used in this research were interviews, observations, and school documents. Data were collected from the principal, 2 counseling teachers, 2 special education teachers, and head of educational in the district.Findings - The result revealed four principal leadership behaviour to transform regular public school into inclusive public school i.e. (1) changing mindset the teachers and non-academic staffs, (2) promoting inclusive practices within the school through various programs, (3) promoting inclusive practive in teaching-learning process, (4) building connection with parents & local communities, and seeking government support on the innitiatives.Research limitations – This study only investigated one public school, with the involvement of a school principal and 4 teachers. It would be better if the scope of the research could be broader, for example covering elementary and high schools, and involving more participants, such as the vice principal of the curriculum field, students and parents.Originality/value – This study contributes to leadership research in the context of secondary school education, which has undergone a transformation from the previously students tend to be homogeneous because they are based on standardized academic qualification, nowadays students at schools have more diverse social backgrounds as a result of the implementation of the zoning system in Indonesia. The findings of this paper can be used as a tool. a guide for policy makers and educational planners regarding zoning system in Indonesia. Such practices can also be learned, adapted and imitated by other schools.
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Mohammed Ali, Umar. "The Effective Ways Of Entrepreneurial Opportunities For Small And Medium Enterprise Scheme (SMEs) In Borno State." American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations 03, no. 04 (April 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/volume03issue04-01.
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The study investigated effects of insurgency on educational development in Borno State. Basic education is the first level of education for children at primary 1 level to basic 9 which is the junior secondary school level in Nigeria. However, achieving education for all Nigerian children, Borno state need a secured teaching and learning environment. The study examined the effect of insurgent activities such as abduction of pupils and attacks on teachers in basic schools of Borno State and its effect to the development of the education in the state. The sample for the study was 270 teachers of basic schools, selected on the basis of 10 teachers from each of the 27 local government area that constitute Borno State. The instrument for data collection was a 20 items questionnaire title: Boko Haram Insurgency and educational development Questionnaires (HIEDQ). Two research questions were formulated, data collected were converted to mean, standard deviation and used to answer the research questions. It was therefore recommended that the Nigerian government should provide security to the state. The government should show higher commitment in mobilizing the armed forces to end the insurgency in the State and provide adequate security in schools. It was further recommended that the religious leaders should preach against violence act in their respective communities.
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Stansfield, Charles W. "Oral translation as a test accommodation for ELLs." Language Testing 28, no. 3 (July 2011): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532211404191.
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The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act (US Government, 2001), the current iteration of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, makes it clear that states, districts, schools and teachers are accountable for the education of English language learners (ELLs), as well as all other students. To implement an accountability system, NCLB requires states to create content standards (a set of curricular goals and objectives) for English language arts, mathematics, and science. They must also develop and administer assessments that measure student progress toward mastery of these content standards. Finally, states, districts, and schools must demonstrate that they are making adequate yearly progress toward bringing all students to a previously established level of mastery of these standards (called Proficient) with the goal that by the year 2014 all students will achieve this level.
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Gicheru Ndei, Joseph, John Kanjogu Kiumi, and Peter Githae Kaboro. "Influence of Selected Institutional Factors on the Impact of Constituency Development Fund in Financing Education in Public Secondary Schools in Ndaragwa Constituency, Kenya." Journal of Education and Development 2, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v2i3.502.
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Access to secondary education in public secondary schools in Kenya has not been fully achieved due to rising costs in education. The Kenya government has therefore devised policies to help address issues of education access and retention through establishment of cost subsidies. The Constituency Development Fund (CDF) was established in 2003 through an Act of Parliament. The main objective was to mitigate the imbalance in regional development and provide people at the grassroots an opportunity to make expenditure choices that maximize their welfare in line with their needs and preferences. A key focus of CDF was to provide a devolved system of financing education. However, the extent to which CDF has succeeded in achieving this noble aim has not been evaluated. The focus of this study therefore was to find out the extent to which CDF as a means of financing education has succeeded in improving physical facilities, enhancing enrolment and reducing dropout rates in secondary schools in Ndaragwa Constituency, Kenya and to determine whether the impact is related to school type, enrolment, age and sponsorship. The study adopted an Ex-post facto research design where data were collected using self-administered questionnaires to 25 principals. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypotheses were tested using ANOVA and t-test at an alpha level of 0.05. The study established that there is no significant relationship between the impact of CDF in financing education and school type, enrolment, age and sponsorship. Based on the findings, the study recommends that CDF framework should be revised in order to assist schools to address pertinent issues facing them and to improve the quality of education in all secondary schools in Kenya.
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Ocham, Lillian, and Ursulla Achieng Okoth. "Head-teachers ' motivational practices in public secondary schools in Kenya." TQM Journal 27, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-08-2015-0110.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of head teachers’ motivational practices on teacher performance in public secondary schools in Kenya. The objectives of the study: to determine the influence of staff recognition; shared leadership by teachers; participation in staff development programmes; and head teachers’ support for the teachers on performance. Design/methodology/approach – The study design was descriptive survey involving 186 teachers and 32 head teachers from Koibatek district. The instruments comprised of a questionnaire and an interview guide. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and presented using tables and pie charts. Findings – Recognition of teachers and good working conditions enhance teachers’ performance. Shared leadership between teachers and head teachers has a positive effect on teacher performance Teachers’ professional growth enhances performance. The teachers who receive head teachers’ support such as teaching materials are more motivated enhancing performance. Research limitations/implications – Administrators of schools should often recognize teachers. The Board of Management, Teachers Service Commission, and head teachers should provide opportunities for shared leadership. The Quality Assurance and Standard (QAS) Directorate, need funds to engage teachers in in-service courses. Practical implications – Teachers should be supported by providing teaching resources and ICT, and be given opportunities for advancement by government agencies. Social implications – Teachers should be recognized through appreciation and other incentives during prize giving days and assemblies. Teachers be given responsibilities and freedom to act to develop abilities. Originality/value – The research shows teacher motivation as a means of enhancing performance for quality management.
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Mello-Carpes, Pâmela B., Érica Maria Granjeiro, Luís Henrique Montrezor, and Maria José Alves Rocha. "Brazilian actions to promote physiology learning and teaching in secondary and high schools." Advances in Physiology Education 40, no. 2 (June 2016): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00032.2016.
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Members of the Education Committee of the Brazilian Society of Physiology have developed multiple outreach models to improve the appreciation of science and physiology at the precollege level. The members of this committee act in concert with important Brazilian governmental strategies to promote training of undergraduate students in the teaching environment of secondary and high schools. One of these governmental strategies, the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência, a Brazilian public policy of teaching enhancement implemented by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) since 2007, represents a well-articulated public policy that can promote the partnership between University and Schools (7). Furthermore, the Program “Novos Talentos” (New Talents)/CAPES/Ministry of Education is another government initiative to bring together university and high-level technical training with the reality of Brazilian schools. Linked to the New Talents Program, in partnership with the British Council/Newton Fund, CAPES recently promoted the visit of some university professors that coordinate New Talents projects to formal and informal educational science spaces in the United Kingdom (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Brazil-United Kingdom International Cooperation Program) to qualify the actions developed in this area in Brazil, and one of us had the opportunity to participate with this.
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Biswas, J., S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Das, K. K. Mondal, I. Saha, and B. Ray. "A study on awareness about eye health care and eye donation among secondary level students of North Kolkata, India." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (June 3, 2012): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6219.
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Background Corneal blindness is one of the important types of blindness that can be prevented by proper health care education and conventionally cured by corneal transplantation for which awareness regarding eye donation is essential. Objectives The aim of the study is to assess the awareness of eye health care and eye donation among secondary level school students of North Kolkata. Methods It was a cross-sectional study. Settings: Eight Government aided schools of North Kolkata, West Bengal, India. A total of 1525 students of standard VIII, IX and X of Government aided schools of North Kolkata participated in this study. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered on eye health care and eye donation. Results 1284 (84.2%) participants opined that awareness on eye health care can prevent most of the blindness and 1206 (79.1%) students knew that Vitamin A has important role in prevention of childhood blindness. Majority, 1235 (81.0%) students were aware of eye donation after death while only 489 (32.1%) participants knew that the ideal time for eye donation is within 6 hours of death. 802 (52.6%) participants mentioned printed and electronic media (like newspaper and television) as the major source of information on eye donation. ConclusionsMedia publicity to increase awareness of eye donation and eye health care is not enough. Strategies have to be developed to educate the students, so that they can act as motivators for enhancing eye donation and increasing eye health care awareness in the community.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6219 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(3):317-20
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Sanders, Crystal R. "“Money Talks”: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the African-American Freedom Struggle in Mississippi." History of Education Quarterly 56, no. 2 (May 2016): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12187.
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I am honored to participate on this plenary and I want to extend my thanks to the conference planning committee for the invitation. I come to this gathering as a civil rights scholar who has an interest in black education in the South. I do not consider it hyperbole on this the fiftieth anniversary of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) to say that the legislation was the most important federal government action on black education since the second Morrill Act of 1890. Surely, some in this room would disagree with my assessment and make a strong case for the 1954 Brown decision. Indeed, the Supreme Court declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional was significant. The ruling, however, had a lot of bark but very little bite, and the recalcitrant South needed bite. We know the states of the former Confederacy needed a get-tough “if-then approach”—as in, if you don't do X, then you won't get Y.
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Sharma Poudyal, Chandra. "Nepali private schools and tolerated illegality: A Foucauldian analysis of privatisation of education in Nepal." Policy Futures in Education 15, no. 4 (May 2017): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210317715797.
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The Education Act 1971 is the main policy document under which schools in Nepal are operated. With the change in political regime, this policy has been amended as per the ideology of the incoming regime. Although private schools started to show their influence in Nepal in the late 1980s, excessive growth of private schools began with the neoliberal policy adopted by the incoming political parties soon after Nepal became a multiparty democratic country in the early 1990s. However, with the Maoists becoming a dominant political force in the country in the late 1990s, several challenges in the operation of private schools began. Issues such as closing down or monitoring of private schools are now common mass media headlines. This paper analyses such a situation in the operation of private schools in Nepal. It uses primary sources of data collected via semi-structured interviews with teachers, administrators and principals of two private schools located in the capital city of Nepal, Kathmandu. It also uses secondary sources that include mass media output and other documentary sources such as documents from private schools’ associations and government policy related to private schools. This study found that operation of private schools in Nepal is comparable to what Michel Foucault calls tolerated illegality.
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MANDAL, SUDIP. "ROLE OF LOCAL AUTHORITY FOR IMPLEMENTING RTE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS AT THE BALI-I & BALI-II PANCHAYAT AREAS FROM GOSABA IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 12 (January 4, 2021): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2695.
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Abstract: This study mainly in respect of the RTE Act. 2009 implementing phase and the actual accountabilities as local self government (Bali-I & Bali-II panchayat) to actualize the execution of RTE. It is indicate of intensive study on a particular case and it is not a critical approach but an exploratory study. This study had been done following the descriptive survey method. The present researcher has been collected primary, secondary data through the questionnaires, interview sheets, various reports and other relevant sources. Main purposes of present study is to focus the role of local self government as the monitoring agencies to execute RTE, so that common people as both urban and rural areas will be able to know actual what types as educational privileges they can consume from state authority. Major findings of this study are that headmasters have given positive feedback about the local government for cooperating and Local self government plays a particularly important role as the main partner of the Right to Education and it is preferred by most students and teachers.
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Egalite, Anna J., Lance D. Fusarelli, and Bonnie C. Fusarelli. "Will Decentralization Affect Educational Inequity? The Every Student Succeeds Act." Educational Administration Quarterly 53, no. 5 (October 12, 2017): 757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x17735869.
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Purpose: In December 2015, President Obama signed the Every Student Succeeds Act, which was a long overdue reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. What is remarkable about this new federal legislation is that it explicitly reverses the decades-long federal effort to more tightly couple the U.S. educational system. While not removing testing requirements, the legislation dramatically reduces the federal role in shaping education policy, returning significant power to the states to design educational systems as they best see fit. The law places sharp limits on the use of federal executive power over education and has the potential to remove the federal government from oversight and accountability over schools, raising questions about the equity implications of this policy change. Research Method: Utilizing public documents, including legislation, speeches by federal officials, analyses by policy organizations, and news accounts, the authors trace the evolution of federal efforts from a more tightly coupled educational system to one with greater state and local flexibility in order to estimate the equity impact of efforts to decentralize governance. Findings: While certain provisions of the Every Student Succeeds Act may reduce inequity and improve educational outcomes for all students, rigorous enforcement of the law’s protections will be necessary in order to ensure existing inequities are not exacerbated.
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Arya, Dian, Hana Silvana, and Damayanti Damayanti. "The Policy of Principals Regarding the Implementations of Library School in Bandung City." Record and Library Journal 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/rlj.v1-i1.2015.39-47.
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Primary and secondary level of education are essential elements for character building and success of younger generation in developing the nation. Education and learning at this level will very much determine how in the future and individual is able to play role and be competitive in the nation‟s development. One of the important element in the strategy of educational learning in school which is often forgotten by decision makers of principals and library managers is the library. Library operation in schools and mandrassas with a policy that has high legitimacy, should be implemented immediately. How ever, what happened was the opposite. By reason of limited fund, time and energy, many schools choose not to implement the rule about library.Base on this issue, this research studied the policy of principals regarding the implementations of act No. 43 of 2007, Government Regulation No. 19 of 2005 and Ministry of National Education Regulations No. 25 of 2008. The reseach was conducted in 6 schools and the quuesionnare was distributed to 6 prinsipals and 12 library staff in Bandung city. The results showed that understanding of three regulations was in very good category with the score of 1157 out og 1230 for the principals.The same category also applied to the library staff with the score of 1613 out of 1800. This suggests that the principals had known about the organization of school library. Likewise, school librarian have also understood and were able to carry out their duties in accordance with the existing regulations related to the operation of school library.
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Arya, Dian, Hana Silvana, and Damayanty. "The Policy of Principals Regarding the Implementations of Library School in Bandung City." Record and Library Journal 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/rlj.v1i1.79.
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Primary and secondary level of education are essential elements for character building and success of younger generation in developing the nation. Education and learning at this level will very much determine how in the future and individual is able to play role and be competitive in the nation’s development. One of the important element in the strategy of educational learning in school which is often forgotten by decision makers of principals and library managers is the library. Library operation in schools and mandrassas with a policy that has high legitimacy, should be implemented immediately. How ever, what happened was the opposite. By reason of limited fund, time and energy, many schools choose not to implement the rule about library.Base on this issue, this research studied the policy of principals regarding the implementations of act No. 43 of 2007, Government Regulation No. 19 of 2005 and Ministry of National Education Regulations No. 25 of 2008. The research was conducted in 6 schools and the questionnaire was distributed to 6 principals and 12 library staff in Bandung city. The results showed that understanding of three regulations was in very good category with the score of 1157 out of 1230 for the principals.The same category also applied to the library staff with the score of 1613 out of 1800. This suggests that the principals had known about the organization of school library. Likewise, school librarian have also understood and were able to carry out their duties in accordance with the existing regulations related to the operation of school library.
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SECADA, WALTER G. "Research, Politics, and Bilingual Education." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 508, no. 1 (March 1990): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716290508001008.
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Bilingual-education research has helped to inform and to shape federal policy and funding as articulated in the Bilingual Education Act, first passed in 1968 as Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. During the Act's most recent reauthorization, the U.S. Department of Education and others proposed changing the law to fund more all-English language programs. They argued that the federal government was mandating a single approach, that there was no research evidence to support such a mandate, and that schools should be granted flexibility in designing programs to meet local needs. In fashioning this argument, proponents of change carefully selected the research literature they alluded to. That research was judged against artificially high and overly narrow criteria. Finally, they overinterpreted the research to suit their agenda. Congress was under intense political pressure to fund more all-English programs, and it did so. But a panel of experts contradicted the argument that there was no research to support the use of the native language for instruction. In the end, Congress kept the bulk of the monies devoted to bilingual programs.
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Jensen, Erik M. "The Harvard Law Review and the Iroquois Influence Thesis." British Journal of American Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjals-2017-0011.
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Abstract In a recent Developments in the Law chapter on the Indian Civil Rights Act, authors and editors at the Harvard Law Review seemed to take seriously the so-called “Iroquois influence thesis,” the idea that basic principles of the American government were derived from American Indian nations, in particular the Iroquois Confederacy. Although the influence thesis has acquired a life of its own, being taught in some of America’s elementary and secondary schools, it is nonsense. (One of the sources cited in support of this made-up history is a congressional resolution, as if Congress has some special, historical expertise.) Nothing in American Indian law and policy should depend on the influence thesis, and it is unfortunate that a prominent law review has given it credence. This article explains how the Harvard folks were misguided and why the influence thesis should be interred.
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Nekrošius, Liutauras, Indre Ruseckaite, and Edita Riaubiene. "Learning Environment by the Future Society: Development of School Grounds in Lithuania." Landscape architecture and art 13 (December 10, 2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.12.
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This paper presents particular aspects of educational function of the schoolyard, and argues that such a space could be used for educating the young generation, collaboration and interaction in creating the living environment. Research of Lithuanian schools’ architecture during the last few decades has indicated the practice of using the school courtyard that could be described as “Forgotten Space”. Education scholars pay exclusive attention to the interaction between learning and playing. Urban gardening, environmental monitoring, design-build studios become integral parts of secondary or even primary education. These activities need proper environment. The majority of Lithuanian youth attends schools built in the interwar and soviet periods that rarely fit the up-todate paradigm of education and spatial needs. This makes the school environment problematic but, at the same time, perfect as a transformation laboratory for communities as the non-generic “commissioners”, potential driving force of such actions. Architects, landscape architects, urban designers and planners occasionally look at the cooperation with communities as an obstacle or formal “must”. Since 2014, the Faculty of Architecture, VGTU, started to act as a catalyst activating discussions and alternative visions for changes of school spaces, mostly anticipating that the youth (students and school-children) involved would accustom themselves to active and constant co-creation and maintenance of their environment. The overview of the school grounds development in Lithuania during the last century was performed by consistent analysis of different functions. The study of each possible function of school outdoor area was done by applying the three-aspect correlation method: the education theory, legal building regulations and school environment practice. The study of school ground as the contemporary collectively developed playscape presented the results of experimental practices on participatory design and community engagement.
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Зверев, К. А. "Russian Education in Independent Latvia: Reforms of the 1990s–2010s." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 1(70) (March 17, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2021.70.1.009.
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В статье рассматривается развитие русскоязычного школьного образования в независимой Латвии с 1992 по 2020 год, а также процесс реформирования данной системы официальными властями. На момент провозглашения независимости и выхода из состава СССР в Латвии сложилась билингвальная система образования, позволявшая пройти обучение всех уровней (от детского сада до техникума и университета) как на латышском, так и на русском языках. Приход к власти в 1990-е годы националистических кругов и восприятие советского периода как периода «оккупации», сделал невозможным сохранение русскоязычной школы в неизменном виде. Преобразования не заставили себя долго ждать: уже в 1995 году были приняты поправки к закону об основной школе и гимназии, провозглашавшие необходимость введения в школах для национальных меньшинств нескольких предметов с преподаванием на латышском языке. Наиболее крупные реформы были осуществлены в 2004 году, когда старшее звено русскоязычных школ (10–12 классы) было обязано обучаться в пропорции 60/40, то есть не менее 60 % предметов на латышском языке, не более 40 % — на русском. Второй комплекс реформ начал реализовываться в 2017году, когда старшая школа (национальных меньшинств) целиком перешла на латышский язык обучения, а средняя школа лишь частично. Латвийские власти объясняют необходимость данных реформ стремлением повысить уровень знания государственного языка среди национальных меньшинств, в первую очередь русскоязычных. Реформа продолжается и будет завершена лишь в 2021 году. Данное исследование направлено на осмысление реформы русской школы Латвии с учетом последних преобразований. В работе используются статистические данные общественных организаций и Министерства образования Латвии, а также источники на латышском языке. The article treats the development of Russian minority schools in independent Latvia from 1992 to 2020. It also focuses on education reforms promoted by the Latvian government. When Latvia gained independence from the Soviet Union, the country had the system of bilingual education which enabled people to acquire primary, secondary and tertiary education in both the Latvian and Russian languages. When in the 1990s nationalists rose to power and the Soviet occupation was denounced, Russian minority schools underwent some changes. First amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act were introduced in 1995. It was stipulated that Russian minority schools should teach some of the subjects in Latvian. More profound reforms were introduced in 2004. The new law stipulated that in secondary schools a minimum of 60 percent of teaching hours should be in Latvian. 2017 saw another wave of reforms. Senior schoolchildren were expected to get their education in Latvian, while middle-school students were expected to study only some of the subjects in Latvian. The Latvian authorities claim that the reforms, which will be completed in 2021, are expected to motivate ethnic minority groups to learn the state language. The present research is aimed at the examination of the reform of minority education. The article analyzes statistical data provided by public organizations and the Latvian Ministry of Education and some other sources in the Latvian language.
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Davies, John. "‘L’Art Du Possible’, The Board of Education, The Catholic Church and Negotiations Over the White Paper and the Education Bill, 1943–1944." Recusant History 22, no. 2 (October 1994): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200001898.
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The negotiations between the Board of Education and the Roman Catholic authorities over what was to become the 1944 Education Act began in April 1941 when the Government's Green Book on educational reform was delivered to the Catholic hierarchy. They were to continue until the Government's proposals became law in 1944. There were three distinct phases in these negotiations, centred on the Green Book, the White Paper, and the Bill. The intention of this article is to examine the latter two phases.After protracted negotiations on the Green Book there was near deadlock between the Board and the Catholic Church. R. A. Butler's aim in the Green Book, which he adopted when he became President of the Board of Education in July 1941, was to provide a national system of education, primary, secondary and further. There would be secondary education for all, children being transferred at the age of eleven to grammar, modern or technical schools. This raised the issue of the role of denominational schools, the so called ‘Dual System’. Essentially the voluntary bodies, if they were to continue to be part of the State system were offered two possibilities. Under the first they would receive 100% grant towards the maintenance and repair of buildings (in addition to the payment of teachers’ salaries) for which they would concede the appointment of teachers to the Local Education Authority (LEA) and accept an ‘agreed syllabus’ for religious education. The second possibility would allow the voluntary bodies to retain the appointment of teachers and the teaching of their own religious syllabus, but the Government grant in this case would be only 50%. Catholics felt that, in conscience, they could not accept the first option and that they were being penalised for their religious beliefs in regard to the second. They pressed, therefore, for 100% grant.
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Moffitt, Susan L. "The State of Educational Improvement: The Legacy of ESEA Title I." History of Education Quarterly 56, no. 2 (May 2016): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12189.
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Title I has a mixed legacy that poses a paradox. Part of that legacy has yielded tremendous accomplishments. Title I asserted a federal priority to help disadvantaged students and broke with long resistance to a significant federal role in elementary and secondary schooling. It has deepened and expanded government responsibility and management of schooling at all levels—federal, state, and local. Over time, it has helped sweep schools, regardless of their student population's poverty levels, into the broader national standards-accountability movement, most recently expressed in the Common Core. While resistance to some aspects of federal authority remains, and may have intensified, Title I has developed durable constituencies and appetites for federal funds. Improving the education of children who live in poverty remains politically salient. These are remarkable accomplishments. And these accomplishments are intimately intertwined with other policies, including the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which facilitated the passage of other legislation, such as Head Start and Title I. Title I's legacy is intertwined in other ways, beyond its connections with contemporaneous policies; and these dependencies will be the focus of my remarks today.
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Anana, Mariam. "The Dichotomy of Specialization: Is a Literature Teacher Necessarily a Language Teacher?" UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i2.6.
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This study investigates the dichotomy of specialization in Literature and English language. In many primary and secondary schools in Nigeria, many teachers who teach Literature are the same teachers who teach English Language. This is responsible for lack of ultimate successes in academic performance, foundational establishment and progressive developments in Literature and English language. Set against the backdrop of the inseparability and non-specialization in individual subjects in question, the study examines the need for a dichotomy of specialization in English Language and Literature with a view to reducing the rate of errors and students’ failures in both subjects. Adopting the simple randomisation, the researcher uses selected primary and secondary schools in Lagos State as the case study; the paper raises four questions and these are: Can English Language teachers effectively teach poetic devices? Are segmental phonemes easily taught by Literature teachers? Can English Language teachers proficiently teach oral literature, literary criticism and non-African literature? Can Literature teachers competently teach stress and intonation? This research uses a qualitative approach and adopts The Speech Act Theory as its theoretical framework. Questionnaire of fifteen (15) items was used for data collection and the simple percentage was applied for data analysis. The researcher discovered that: It is not possible for English Languageteachers to effectively teach poetic devices. Segmental phonemes cannot be easily taught by Literature teachers. Students would lag behind in areas where teachers are not proficient in the subjects they teach. Also, it is not possible for a teacher to place equal emphasis on both English Language and Literature in classrooms. The study therefore recommends the need for a dichotomy of specialization in the two subjects so as to ensure effective teaching and learning of these subjects.
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Wang, Fei. "Subversive leadership and power tactics." Journal of Educational Administration 56, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-07-2017-0081.
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Purpose Principals’ leadership has become a subversive activity that is carried out strategically to challenge and disrupt the status quo and resist policies and practices that are counterproductive to their work. The purpose of this paper is to reveal subversive tactics principals use in pursuit of justice and equity in schools and identify challenges and risks associated with their subversive leadership practices. Power tactics were used as a conceptual framework to guide the analysis of subversive activities by school principals. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study focuses on 18 elementary and secondary school principals from six district school boards in the Metro Vancouver area who participated in the semi-structured interviews on their practices that epitomize different tactics in response to increasing demand and accountability. Findings The power tactics identified in this study illuminate many of the dilemmas principals face in their work and demonstrate the various ways principals exercise their political acumen to “act strategically to determine which tactics to use, when, and with whom.” In exercising ethics of subversion and critique, participants are more likely to use soft, rational, and bi/multilateral rather than hard, non-rational, and unilateral power tactics. Such tendency reveals their concern about causing relational harm and shows their strategic avoidance of direct confrontation. Research limitations/implications Considering the limitations on the sample size and the research context, more research is needed to examine to what extent subversive practices are exercised and how they play out in different contexts. Originality/value The study shows that leadership involves upholding morals and values, even if this means having to use subversive practices to ensure inclusive, equitable, and just outcomes.
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Humaira Akram, Prof. Dr. Samina Malik, and Prof. Dr. Nabi Bux Jumani. "Comparison of the Knowledge of Technology, Pedagogy and Content of Educators at Secondary Level." sjesr 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(164-171).
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The innovative trends in 21st-century instruction have altered the entire landscape of pedagogy. Hence, this worldview move requires technological information and expertise from educators along with knowledge of instructional content. The main topic of the research work is based on a new, interdisciplinary framework for educators' knowledge of technological integration, the professed knowledge of modern equipment, art of teaching, and material. This structure is centered on Shulman's concept of knowledge of instructional material i.e. PCK to comprise information about modern equipment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to; assess and compare the technical instructional and material understanding (TPACK) of IT educators in government and non-government schools. This study has followed a quantitative research approach. The target population comprised of all IT educators working in government and non-government high schools in the urban area of Islamabad. Using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique, 32 IT educators (from government schools) and 40 IT educators (from non-government schools) were selected for sampling. Data were collected using a self-developed research tool. Data analysis was steered using descriptive & inferential statistics. Outcomes of the study specified a noteworthy variance of government with non-government CS educators -about Technological Knowledge (TK), Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technical Pedagogic Know-how (TPK) nevertheless, non-noteworthy variance regarding Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) and TPACK.
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Babie, Paul. "Religious Freedom and Education in Australian Schools." Laws 10, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10010007.
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This article examines the constitutional allocation of power over primary and secondary education in Australia, and the place of and protection for freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) in Australian government and religious non-government schools. This article provides both an overview of the judicial treatment of the constitutional, legislative, and common law protection for FoRB and a consideration of emerging issues in religious freedom in both government and religious non-government schools, suggesting that the courts may soon be required to provide guidance as to how the available protections operate in both settings.
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Choudhury, Mehnaz Tazeen. "An Exploration of Classroom Practices in Secondary Schools." Shanlax International Journal of English 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v7i4.621.
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This study was undertaken in the secondary schools of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Students from Bengali medium schools of Bangladesh do not achieve even a minimal amount of proficiency in English even after completing high school. Moreover, they are seen to remain teacher dependent even at tertiary level. Learner autonomy is seen as a crucial need of the time in the context of Bangladesh. Either classroom practices or teacher beliefs, or both are responsible for this state of affairs. Therefore, it became imperative to research to find out the classroom practices of English language teachers and see whether they were autonomy supportive. This was exploratory qualitative research, and the participants were class VII English language teachers from five government and non-government Bengali medium schools. Classroom observations and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Findings of this study have implications for teacher training programs and how they need to be redesigned to bring about a change in teacher beliefs and approaches.
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Adeniran, Akingbolahan. "Non-Profit Privatization of the Management of Nigerian Public Schools: A Legal and Policy Analysis." Journal of African Law 53, no. 2 (September 18, 2009): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855309990052.
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AbstractThe objective of this article is to analyse critically a government proposal to privatize the management of federally-run secondary schools in Nigeria. Although they have performed relatively well over the years, recent problems have led to a decline in academic standards in these schools. The article examines the potential merits and demerits of the proposed public-private partnership with a view to assessing whether the partnership can add value to the current public model. Although the analysis falls short of endorsing the proposed reform, the article recommends its phased implementation subject to the application of specific legal and practical considerations. It argues that there are enforceable limits to changes in secondary education policy and that the government has an obligation progressively to implement free and compulsory secondary education. It also highlights a number of practical matters meant to ensure that the best interests of any affected children will be taken into account.
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Pawlak, Robert. "School Reforms and Educational Inequalities in Post-Communist Poland." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 19, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2016-19-2-189-205.
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The paper is devoted to the presentation of the results of a study about stratification in the school system in Poland. The research was conducted in Krakow, the former capital of Poland, in 2011-2012. The data come from statistics on local education system, individual in-depth interviews with school masters and teachers from lower secondary schools as well as politicians representing the local government. Special attention was paid to school recruitment policies, unequal access to education for students from different backgrounds, and the local government strategy for education. As a result, three types of lower secondary schools were identified: 1) elite non-public schools; 2) the best public lower secondary schools and 3) schools for students from poor families, facing enormous problems and substantial educational needs. We concluded that the education policy of the local authorities of Krakow is not effective in terms of equalization of opportunities of the children and youth from socially neglected and marginalized communities.
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Martin, Karen, Michael Rosenberg, Iain Stephen Pratt, Margaret Miller, Gavin McCormack, Billie Giles-Corti, Anthea Magarey, Fiona Bull, and Amanda Devine. "Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight in Western Australian school-aged children; 2008 compared with 2003." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 12 (November 20, 2013): 2687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300311x.
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AbstractObjectiveDue to rising rates of obesity globally, the present study aimed to examine differences in overweight and underweight prevalence in Western Australian schoolchildren in 2008 compared with 2003.DesignCross-sectional study at two time points; using two-stage stratified sampling, primary and secondary schools in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan Western Australia; sample selected was representative of the State's population figures.SettingsSeventeen primary and thirteen secondary (2008) and nineteen primary and seventeen secondary (2003) schools. Government and non-government funded schools in metropolitan and non-metropolitan (regional/rural) Western Australia were recruited.SubjectsHeight and weight were measured for 1708 (961 primary and 747 secondary) students in 2008 and 1694 (876 primary and 817 secondary) students in 2003.ResultsOverweight and obesity prevalence in primary students was similar in 2008 (22·9 %) to 2003 (23·2 %; P > 0·05). In secondary girls overweight and obesity prevalence dropped from 23·1 % (2003) to 15·9 % (2008; P = 0·002). Secondary boys showed a slight decrease in overweight and obesity prevalence; however, this was not statistically significant (P = 0·102). Higher proportions of underweight in primary girls were observed in 2008 (9·9 %) compared with 2003 (4·2 %; P < 0·001) and in secondary girls in 2008 (9·4 %) compared with 2003 (5·5 %; P < 0·001).ConclusionsPrevalence of overweight and obesity in Western Australian primary students was stable; however, it declined in secondary students. Both primary and secondary girls showed an increase in underweight prevalence. Public health interventions are needed for the high percentage of youth still overweight, whereas the observed increase in underweight girls warrants attention and further investigation.
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Lawrent, Godlove. "Teachers' multiple roles and perceived loss of professionalism in Tanzanian secondary schools." Waikato Journal of Education 24, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/wje.v24i1.620.
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The rapid increase in Tanzanian primary school enrolments in the last decade was prompted by the government to develop the Secondary Education Expansion Policy. My study, therefore, explored the impact of this policy on teachers’ professional lives. A qualitative approach was adopted to gain detailed insights into the phenomena under investigation. Data were collected from 30 participant teachers from four community secondary schools in Tanzania through interviews and document analysis. Overall the findings revealed that the government’s shortcomings in hiring support staff prompted teachers to perform extra duties alongside teaching. It also found that the lack of the government’s commitment to rewarding teaching quality exacerbated teachers’ engagement in other income-generating activities. Teachers’ engagement in these non-teaching tasks both in school and out of school affected their own professional identities which subsequently impacted on their teaching competence beliefs. These findings recommend that in order to enhance the quality of teaching and learning, the government of Tanzania must improve teachers’ welfare by employing enough support staff to assist in teaching and learning.
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FEJOH, J., P. A. ONANUGA, and O. A. IBRAHIM. "ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AS A DETERMINANT OF WORKERS’ JOB COMMITMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 13, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v13i1.1931.
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This study examined organisational culture as a determinant of workers’ job commitment in public secondary schools in Ogun State. The study adopted an ex-post facto design approach. The population consists of all workers (teaching and non-teaching staff) in secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted where five (5) public secondary schools (comprising of both junior and senior) were randomly selected from each of the local government area s from twenty (20) local government areas in Ogun State, making a total of ten (10) secondary schools were selected for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting ten (10) workers (teaching and non-teaching) from each junior and secondary schools respectively, making a total number of twenty (20) workers from each of the selected ten (10) secondary schools. A total number of 200 workers was selected for the study. The instrument used for this study is a questionnaire which is sub-divided into three sections. Section A was used to collect information on personal characteristics of the respondents while Section B contained Workers Organisational Commitment Scale which was designed to measure workers’ job commitment. Section C contained Organisational Climate Index (OCI) and was used to measure organisational culture. Data was analyzed using regression and T-test analysis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that organisational culture has significant relationship with public secondary school workers’ job commitment and that there was no significant difference in public secondary school workers’ job commitment between senior and junior school employees. It is concluded that organisational culture determines job commitment of public secondary school employees in Ogun State. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that motivation strategies should adopted to improve teachers’ salaries and promotions. Teachers should positively change their attitude s to work and view their job as more of a call than a profession.
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McCue, Harvey. "Op-Ed: First Nations Elementary & Secondary School Education – A National Dilemma." Critical Social Work 19, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/csw.v19i2.5683.
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During the past five years, First Nations elementary-secondary education has been the focus of some useful recommendations in two major reports: The Senate Standing Committee on Aboriginal Peoples in 2011, “Reforming FN Education: From Crisis to Hope,” and the 2012 Report of the National Panel on First Nations Elementary-Secondary Education. In response, the Harper government introduced Bill C-33 in 2014, the first-ever federal First Nations Education Act. Both reports identified much-needed reforms and despite vociferous opposition by most First Nations leaders the First Nations Education Act was a serious effort to accommodate some of them. But neither the reports nor the eventually torpedoed Bill C-33 zeroed in on the three key components that serve as the foundation of any education program: teachers, principals, and the curriculum. If these three elements remain untouched in the new Liberal government’s First Nations education policies, First Nations education outcomes will continue to be a national humiliation. This conceptual paper offers a critique of the provincial and federal governments’ approaches to remedying the dire condition of elementary and secondary school education for First Nations youth, with a focus on teachers, principals, and curriculum.
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Zghida, Noureddine, Zouhaire Lamrani, and Rachid Janati-Idrissi. "How Morocco's Secondary School Students Classify Animals." International Journal of Smart Education and Urban Society 10, no. 3 (July 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseus.2019070103.
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Bringing out the misconceptions is a primordial process in teaching and the learning of biology. This article aims to highlight Moroccan students' alternative conceptions, regarding animal and to elicit their ability to classify some animals. Data was collected using the Animal Classification Test (ACT) distributed at the Moroccan secondary school at the Tangier-Tetouan regional Academy of Education And Training. The results obtained showed that students have real obstacles to classify even most known animals (goose, butterfly, crocodile, etc.). These obstacles are often misconceptions and were poorly treated and reformulated by the teaching-learning process. In fact, many students used “non-taxonomic” criteria, such as habitat and locomotion to classify animals even after learning the categories of the biological taxonomy. In addition, this article finds that high school students have almost the same alternative conceptions about animal classification as the intermediate secondary school. This result confirmed that alternative conceptions are more resistant to change and persist anchored on student's mind even after teaching-learning sequences.
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Deer, Christine E., Thomas W. Maxwell, and Joseph D. Relich. "Student Perceptions of School Climate over Time: Two Secondary Schools." Australian Journal of Education 30, no. 2 (August 1986): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418603000206.
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This paper reports the results of a two-year study of student perceptions of school climate. The students concerned were from two non-metropolitan government secondary schools in Years 7 to 12 in New South Wales. Two scales, originally developed in the United Kingdom by Finlayson, Banks and Loughran in 1971 and later modified by Lane, Crane and Thomas in 1982, were used to measure student perceptions. These scales were Teacher Concern for Students and Student Alienation. Student data over the two years, 1982 and 1983, were matched so that only those students present on each occasion were included in a repeated measures analysis. The two school climate scales were used as dependent variables, while the independent variables were sex and year level. There was a statistically significant interactive effect between year level, sex and testing occasion on both scales but the pattern of significant simple effects differed across the two schools. The simple effects interactive patterns are examined in detail and reasons for their occurrence are proposed.
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Isaac, Ijeoma Chinazaekpere Ada, Prof Akpomi, and Margaret E. "CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCIL ACT AND AWARENESS LEVEL OF SECONDARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN OBIO-AKPOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE." International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 03, no. 04 (2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2020.3042.
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Ugwonna, Grace Ogechukwu, Samuel Agozie Ezeudu, Okechukwu Onyinye Nwaubani, Anthonia N. Utoh-Ofong, Obiageli Calista Onyeanusi, Patricia Nwamaka Aroh, Samuel Okechukwu Ome, et al. "Gender differentials in the Use of Instructional Models in Enhancing Adolescents’ Interest and Achievement in Voter Education Contents of Senior Secondary School Government Curriculum." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n5p121.
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The study determined gender effect in the efficacy of group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry instructional models in enhancing adolescent students’ interest and achievement in voter education related contents of senior secondary school Government curriculum. The study adopted quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design. Sample for the study consisted of 165 SS II students drawn from senior secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the intact classes from each of the schools that were assigned to the two experimental groups. Data collected using Multiple Choice Government Achievement Test (MCGAT) and Government Interest Inventory (GII) were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and ANCOVA for testing the hypothesis at P < 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that both group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry models were effective in enhancing interest and achievement of male and female students in voter education related contents in senior secondary school Government curriculum. However, group investigation proved more efficacious. These findings were exhaustively discussed with recommendations on how to manage gender factor in using student-centred instructional models in enhancing students’ interest and achievement.
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Watson, Julie, and Neil Anderson. "Pinnacles and Pitfalls: Researcher Experiences from a Web-Based Survey of Secondary Teachers." E-Learning and Digital Media 2, no. 3 (September 2005): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/elea.2005.2.3.7.
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This article examines the experience of conducting a web-based survey with secondary teachers in Queensland schools. The survey was designed to collect data concerning teachers' attitudes and understanding about students with learning difficulties in their classes. Rather than discuss survey findings, however, the present article focuses on sponsors as a vehicle for online survey promotion, as well as on aspects of survey coverage, rates of response and teacher motivations to participate. Gatekeeping and technical issues emerged as significant issues affecting teacher response. Two hundred and eighty teachers employed in state and non-government schools completed surveys for this exploratory research and constituted a convenience sample for the study.
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Salihu, Jamilu Ja’afar, and I. D. Abubakar. "EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL FIELD TRIPS ON SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA." Education, Sustainability And Society 3, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ess.02.2020.41.44.
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The study examined the Effects of Educational Field Trips on Social Studies Students’ Academic Achievement in Junior Secondary Schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The design of the study was the non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group type of quasi experiment. The population of the study consisted of junior secondary school students in Zaria Education Zone, Kaduna State, Nigeria numbering 26,322. Also, 120 students were purposively sampled from JSSII in the following schools: Government Junior Secondary School Tudun-Jukun, Zaria, Government Junior Secondary School, Awai, Government Junior Secondary School, Aba and Government Junior Secondary School Muchiya, Sabon-Gari. The data collection instrument was Social Studies Achievement Test (SOSAT). The content and construct validity was ascertained by experts in Social Studies, language and test and measurement. The reliability coefficient index power of the instrument stood at 0.81 determined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). The data analysis tools were mean and standard deviation used in answering the question posed while t-test independent samples was used in testing the null hypothesis postulated at 0.05 alpha. The study found that there exist significant difference between the mean academic achievement scores of students taught Social Studies using educational field trip (experimental) and those who were taught with lecture method (control). In the light of the foregoing, the study recommended that teachers in the Kaduna State should be encouraged to adopt educational field trip in teaching Social Studies in order to enhance students’ academic achievement.
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Alghamdi, Rashed. "EFL Learners’ Behaviour States During Cooperative Learning Strategy." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 6 (December 6, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i6.14006.
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To examine the impact of cooperative learning strategy on the behaviour states of EFL learners, a 3-month study was conducted in 4 government secondary schools in EFL context (Saudi Arabia). This study aims to identify the effect of cooperative learning in comparison to traditional learning in learning English grammar on the behaviour states of EFL Learners. This study contributed to the knowledge about how EFL learners behave when they interact cooperatively together in cooperative learning groups in comparison to their colleagues who learn in traditional learning. In this study, the participants were 139 tenth grade male students, in 4 male government secondary schools in Al-Baha city, in Saudi Arabia context.An examination of the Kruskal‑Wallis tests shows that the EFL learners in the experimental conditions displayed more cooperative behavioural states and less non‑cooperative states, individual task‑oriented, and individual non‑task behaviours than their classmates in the control condition. In addition, outcome scores were, on average, higher in the experimental condition for cooperative behavioural outcomes. They were lower in the experimental condition for non‑cooperation behaviour, individual task oriented and individual non‑task oriented.
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Fakunle, E. F., and B. K. Ajayi. "Parents Socio-Economic Factors as it Affect Students Academic Performance in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti State." Research Journal of Education, no. 68 (December 21, 2020): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/rje.68.144.148.
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The study examined the influence of parent’s socio-economic status on the academic performance of students in selected public secondary schools in Ado Local government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used stratified sampling techniques to select two hundred and five (205) students from five (5) public schools. Also, data on students’ academic performance was obtained from students results in four core subjects. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The study revealed that parents attitudes, parents socio-economic status, insufficient parental incomes, and lack of funding by the government are factors influencing students’ academic performance. Based on these findings, certain recommendations are made towards improving students’ academic performance, prominent of these include proper funding of education by government, sensitisation of parents towards their children education, increase in parental salaries in line with the current economic situation as well as the provision of adequate books and facilities in schools to breach the gap between the rich and the poor and the support of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) to eradicate poverty.
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Nzowa, Goodluck. "Assessment of Teachers’ Nonmonetary Motivational Factors on Job Satisfaction among Public Secondary Schools in Arusha District, Tanzania." July to September 2020 1, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2020v01i02.0016.
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This study assessed the effect of teachers’ nonmonetary motivational factors on job satisfaction among public secondary schools in Arusha District. Data was collected from a sample of 175 teachers who were randomly selected from 6 public secondary schools. Analysis of data was performed through the SPSS by means of descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing. The findings showed that recognition, promotion, career and professional growth as well as working conditions influenced motivation among public secondary school teachers in Arusha District. On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that non-monetary factors such as recognition, promotion, career and professional growth as well as working conditions play a significant contribution towards motivation and job satisfaction among public secondary school teachers in Arusha District. The study recommends that the government and school management should collaborate to ensure teachers’ motivation for quality education provision.
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Roy, Sodip. "Student Cabinet and Curricular Activities: A Case Study of a Secondary School in Bangladesh." Journal of Education and Research 10, no. 2 (November 6, 2020): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v10i2.32718.
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Student leadership is well-known for enhancing student engagement in extra-curricular activities of the schools. But very little research has been pursued- particularly in Bangladesh on how the student leadership contributes to curricular activities and improves better learning experiences of students in secondary schools. In 2015, the Government of Bangladesh introduced Student Cabinet in the secondary schools with a view to inculcate democratic values among the pupils and to foster learning environment in schools. And, in this study, I examine how the Student Cabinet as a leadership tool influences academic activities: classroom and non-classroom activities and supports for an effective learning atmosphere in the school. To that purpose, I follow the qualitative methodology of in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and observation of the student cabinet’s actions in a selected school in Dhaka city. After an examination of its activities, the study reveals that it promotes many curricular activities of the school and minimizes the gaps of learning experiences at least a bit; however, their several activities are likely to link to traditional student politics in Bangladesh in future.
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Uzoechina, Gladys Oby, Adaeze Oguegbu, Esther Akachukwu, and Victor Chekume Nwasor. "Teachers Awareness And Usage Of Non-Violent Strategies For The Maintenance Of Discipline In Nigerian Secondary Schools: A Situational Analysis." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 11, no. 3 (July 30, 2015): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v11i3.9365.
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This study sought to determine teachers level of awareness and usage of non-violent strategies/interventions for the maintenance of discipline in secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Corporal punishment has become an unwritten sine qua non for the maintenance of school discipline - often the first thought that comes to the minds of teachers in treating acts of indiscipline and deviance. From the Nnewi Education Zone, comprising four local government areas (LGAs), 200 teachers were selected for descriptive survey out of 996 teachers. Stratified random sampling was used such that the schools were stratified into co-educational and single-sex schools, and from each randomly selected school, 10 teachers were selected. Two research questions and four null hypotheses guided this study, and questionnaire was used to collect data. The mean was used to answer the research questions and t-test for the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance. The study recommended in-service training for teachers in educational psychology, particularly behaviour modification methods, parental input and interest in school discipline as well as the cessation of corporal punishment among others.
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FA, Ehiaghe. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF GOVERNMENT AND NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION SUPPORT FOR EDUCATION IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 3, no. 2 (March 28, 2014): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v3i2.3109.
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This study was aimed at identifying and examining the various supports for secondary school education by the government and NGOs in Benin City. Out of the fifteen (15) experiencing government refurbishment in Edo State, 4 are in Benin metropolis and all 4 were sampled. 40 questionnaires were administered (10 for each school). The results of the investigation carried out using percentage distribution and Chi Square Testing. The contributions of both Government and NGO were responsible for the positive improvement in the educational system in Benin City and in Nigeria since independence, although NGO support have not really been significant. The Planning, Research and Statistic Department of Post Primary Education Board and that of the Ministry of Education in the state should carry out the actual counting of schools and their staffs as well as students in the school so that they can be suitably used for planning.
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Abdullahi, Umar, and Musa Sirajo. "Effect of Resource Factors and Quality of Instruction on Performance in Mathematics of Nigeria Secondary School Students." Journal of Mathematics Education 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/jme.v5i1.1200.
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It seems that educational system in Nigeria has undergone only quantitative improvement in terms of number of schools and students’ enrolment. However, there has been little effort in respect to the capacity to manage them through provisions of adequate financial, human, material and physical resources. Physical and material resources in secondary schools were discovered to be inadequate and poorly equipped. Some of the secondary school buildings were dilapidated, also the allocated financial resource, teaching and non-teaching staff are grossly inadequate compared with the students’ enrolment. The public, the Ministry of Education and other stakeholders in education are expressing serious concern about the consistency of the poor performance of secondary school students especially in mathematics. Increase in population and the government’s free education programs make people want to take advantage of the education provided. Provision of both professionally qualified and non-qualified teachers by government and non-state providers of education also appear not to ameliorate the problem of declining performances in mathematics. The effect of all these on the public secondary school student academic performance in mathematics concern the researchers of this study. It is against this background that the study sought to empirically investigates effect of resource factors and quality of instruction on performance in mathematics of Nigeria secondary school students.
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Meena, Rahul, Shivraj Meena, Deepika Mittal, and Neelam Meena. "Study of tobacco use and related factors among adolescent students of secondary school in south-eastern region of Rajasthan, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171780.
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Background: this study aims to estimate the level of tobacco use among school-going adolescents and also identify the factors that influence youth to use tobacco. Identification of the factors responsible for initiating tobacco use among adolescents will be useful for identifying the most effective interventions to prevent youths from taking up the tobacco habit.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in adolescent students of grade 8, 9 and 10 from secondary schools within Kota city of Rajasthan. 2032 questionnaires (1228 from government schools and 804 from non-government schools) were included in the analysis. Results: About seven in ten (71.0%) adolescent students were living in the family where at least one member uses tobacco. Nearly one-third (31.0%) of the adolescent students were having good knowledge and less than half (42.7%) were having some knowledge about the hazards of tobacco use. About one third (32.3%) of adolescent students were exposed to pro-tobacco advertisements.Conclusions: Immediate action to reduce adolescents' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is necessary. Prohibiting tobacco use at school and monitoring the high-risk behaviors of adolescents in school is necessary. Strictly Announcing schools and other public places as “tobacco-free places” will help to minimize the exposure to tobacco smoke. It also helps to change social norms and ultimately to minimize the use of tobacco.
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Michaels, Christopher, and Diane Barone. "Career and Technical Education: Academic Achievement as Measured by National Testing." Career and Technical Education Research 45, no. 3 (December 20, 2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5328/cter45.3.3.
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Career and Technical Education (CTE) programs at secondary and post-secondary levels are gaining more and more attention from students, parents, and communities. Evaluating the merit of educational programs is a necessary practice. This study examined the academic achievement of CTE completer high school graduates and non-CTE graduates as measured by nationwide testing. Results indicate (ρ < .01), CTE completers had statistically significantly higher ACT scores on the ACT composite, reading, writing, math, science, and English assessments than those of general academic student graduates who took one or no CTE courses. Empirical studies have found CTE attracts a diverse audience of students including those who are economically disadvantaged and historically perform at lower academic levels. The difference found in this study of CTE graduates accomplishing ACT composite scores 4% higher than non-CTE graduates deserves special attention given additional external challenges many CTE students experience.
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Djatmiko, Istanto Wahyu, Sri Waluyanti, Thomas Sukardi, and Lilik Chaerul Yuswono. "Profiles of Teachers’ Expertise and Professional Development in Technology and Engineering Expertise Program of Vocational Secondary Schools." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan 24, no. 2 (September 29, 2018): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v24i2.20014.
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This study was aimed to identify the profiles of teachers' expertise and professional development in Technology and Engineering Expertise Program (TEEP) of Vocational Secondary Schools (VSSs). This study was conducted with a survey approach. The population consisted of 1025 teachers of TEEP at VSSs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The samples were 280 teachers selected with proportional random sampling. Data were collected by an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed with a descriptive method. Results of the study identified the profiles of expertise that included the majority of teacher’s employment status is government employees and scanty non-government employees. The range of working time is mostly from 7 and 18 years. Teachers mostly participate in the teachers’ certification through the professional teachers training program. A few number of the teachers have the additional expertise certificates, and none of the teachers has the dual expertise certificates. Furthermore, types of the teachers’ professional development activities that followed by most of the teachers are seminars, journals, learning media, and participating as members of teachers association.
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Al-Tell, Mariam Amer, and Khulud Mansor. "Stress Coping Strategies Among Secondary School-Aged Students in Government Schools in Northern West Bank/Palestine." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 3, no. 1 (May 19, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.78.
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Background or Objectives: All humans by nature cope with stressors by using productive and non-productive coping strategies. Adolescents and students in particular experience stress mainly due to academic examinations but the strategies adopted by students in the West Bank/Palestine are largely unknown and understudied. This study examines stress-coping strategies adopted by general secondary school-aged students in government schools in Northern West Bank.
Methods: This is a quantitative designed study of 334 students selected from 39 schools utilizing a stratified random sampling method. A self-reporting questionnaire composed of Brief Coping Orientation of Problems Experienced (COPE) was used to identify stress management methods among the students. A scale consisting of 14 domains representing 28 coping methods was created with the following 4-likert-scale response choices: 1) "I haven't been doing this at all," 2) "I've been doing this a little bit," 3) "I've been doing this a medium amount," and 4) "I've been doing this a lot." Respondents reported their views scoring them from 1-4; the mean for each method was calculated and ranged from scores 2-6.
Results: In all, religion (6.30±1.6,1) and planning (6.11±1.35) methods were the predominant domains of coping methods used by majority of the students. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping methods were used more than the "less-useful" coping methods more among females than by their male counterparts. The "use of instrumental support," "denial," and "behavioral disengagement" were methods used more by students in the humanities than their counterparts in the scientific branches.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Almost all of the students have different levels of stress with different effects. The useful (i.e., "problem-focused" and "emotion-focused") coping methods were mostly used by students, and the "less useful" coping once were used a "little bit." Religion and planning were the predominant coping methods used by students. It is recommended that schools should emphasize on the use of useful evidence-base coping methods to deal with their stress.
Keywords: • Stress • Coping • Coping methods • Secondary schools • Students
Copyright © 2019 Al-Tell et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Young, Marisa. "From T.T. Reed’s Colonial Gentlemen to Trove: Rediscovering Anglican Clergymen in Australia’s Colonial Newspapers." ANZTLA EJournal, no. 11 (April 19, 2015): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/anztla.vi11.268.
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T. T. Reed’s pioneering book on the lives of Anglican clergymen in South Australia is still an important guide to the contribution made by these men to the expansion of educational opportunities for children. However, the development of Trove by the National Library of Australia has provided new ways of tracing the educational activities of Anglican clergymen in Australia. Researchers have frequently acknowledged the importance of the roles played by Protestant ministers of religion in the expansion of primary and secondary education during the nineteenth century. Much of the focus of this research work in religious history and educational history has been linked to the contribution of Protestant clergymen in educational administrations, either through leadership roles as headmasters or through participation in activities established by school boards or councils. Numerous Protestant ministers of religion developed high profile roles during the early growth of non-government as well as government-supported primary and secondary schools in colonial South Australia. This article will emphasise the ways that information searches using Trove can highlight forgotten aspects of educational activities undertaken by clergymen. It will focus on the activities of three ministers from the Church of England who combined their parish duties in the Diocese of Adelaide with attempts to run schools funded by private fees. Their willingness to undertake teaching work in this way thrust them into the secular world of an emerging Australian education market, where promotional activity through continuous newspaper advertising was part of the evolution of early models of educational entrepreneurship. These clergymen faced considerable competition from private venture schools as well as government-supported schools in the colonial capital. This article will also highlight gender issues associated with their promotional activities, as each minister used different definitions of gender in order to build supportive social networks for their schools and attract attention to their teaching activities.
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Ugwonna, Grace Ogechukwu, Samuel Agozie Ezeudu, Okechukwu Onyinye Nwaubani, Patricia Nwamaka Aroh, Luke Chizoba Ezema, Samuel Okechukwu Ome, Anthonia N. Utoh-Ofong, et al. "Enhancing Voter Education Knowledge of Adolescents Through Social Interaction Instructional Models." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n5p139.
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The study determined the effects of group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry of social interaction instructional models on adolescents’ knowledge of voter education related contents in senior secondary school Government curriculum. The ultimate aim was to curb voter apathy among young citizens. The design was Quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design. The sample for the study consisted of 165 SS II students drawn from public secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, the intact classes from the schools were assigned to the two experimental groups. Data collected using Multiple Choice Government Achievement Test (MCGAT) were analyzed employing mean and standard deviation for the research questions and ANCOVA for testing the hypothesis at P < 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry models enhanced students’ acquisition of knowledge in voter education related contents; although group investigation seemed more efficacious. There was also a statistical difference in the mean achievement scores of students with group investigation performing significantly better. These findings were exhaustively discussed with the far-reaching recommendations on how to improve voter education knowledge and potentials of young ones as future adult citizens.
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Yagana Abba Sidi, Amina Garba Muhammad, and James Audu Ngala. "Factors that contribute to girl’s dropout in some selected secondary school within Damaturu metropolis, Yobe state." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.1.0036.
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A developing nation without or with low child-girls education is in danger. There is an adage which say whoever trained a girl has a plan for a future generations based on these Factors that contribute to girl dropout in some selected secondary schools, within Damaturu metropolis, was carried out, guided by six (6) objectives and six (6) research questions each. The subjects used in this study consist of teachers, parents and students from ten (10) secondary schools. Random sampling technique was used to select thirty respondents’ one parent, one teacher and one student from each school respectively. The instrument used for this study was questionnaire, frequency and percentage of the response were used to analyse the data collected. The research find out those factors such as poor economic status, broken home, death of bread winner and gender inequality causes girls dropout in secondary school. Other factors include unwanted pregnancy, early marriage hawking, negative behavior by parents, drunker and illiterate parents. Government should provide infrastructure and jobs which will enable parents to take care of their wards. Seminars and workshops should be organize to encourage parents and guidance, scholarships program may be put in place for girl child education and finally non-government organization to come on board to aid girl child education.