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1
Marsden, Autumn N., and Carmen W. Dessauer. "Nanometric targeting of type 9 adenylyl cyclase in heart." Biochemical Society Transactions 47, no. 6 (November 26, 2019): 1749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190227.
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Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) convert ATP into the classical second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Cardiac ACs, specifically AC5, AC6, and AC9, regulate cAMP signaling controlling functional outcomes such as heart rate, contractility and relaxation, gene regulation, stress responses, and glucose and lipid metabolism. With so many distinct functional outcomes for a single second messenger, the cell creates local domains of cAMP signaling to correctly relay signals. Targeting of ACs to A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) not only localizes ACs, but also places them within signaling nanodomains, where cAMP levels and effects can be highly regulated. Here we will discuss the recent work on the structure, regulation and physiological functions of AC9 in the heart, where it accounts for <3% of total AC activity. Despite the small contribution of AC9 to total cardiac cAMP production, AC9 binds and regulates local PKA phosphorylation of Yotiao-IKs and Hsp20, demonstrating a role for nanometric targeting of AC9.
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Sapak, Z., A. N. Mohd Faisol Mahadeven, Nurul Farhana M.H., Norsahira S., and Mohd Zafri A.W. "A review of common diseases of pineapple: the causal pathogens, disease symptoms, and available control measures." Food Research 5, S4 (November 26, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(s4).004.
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Pineapple is a perennial fruit-bearing tropical plant that belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which has more than 2500 species. Pineapple is known excellent source of minerals and vitamins. It produces substantial calcium, potassium, glucose, the proteindigesting enzyme bromelain, fibre, vitamin A, B and C. In Malaysia, twelve registered varieties of pineapple have been introduced and commercially planted such as Moris (AC1), Sarawak (AC2), Gandul (AC3), Maspine (AC4), Josapine (AC5) Yankee (AC6) Moris Gajah (AC7), N36 (AC8), MD2 (AC9), View of Sunset (AC10), Madu Kaca (AC11), and Keningau Diamond (AC12). The disease is one of the important factors that can contribute to the huge losses of pineapple yield worldwide. This review paper aimed to discuss the main diseases of pineapple and their control management, particularly in Malaysia. The common diseases of pineapple that cause significant yield losses in the farms such as mealybug wilt-associated virus, bacterial heart rot, fruit collapse, butt rot, fruitlet core rot, black rot, yeasty and fusariosis are highlighted and discussed in detail on the causal pathogens, disease symptoms and signs, disease infection and development. The available control measures for managing pineapple diseases were also included in this paper.
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Alam, Md Amirul, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, M. Y. Rafii, Azizah Abdul Hamid, and Farzad Aslani. "Screening of Purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.) Accessions for High Salt Tolerance." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/627916.
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Purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.) is an herbaceous leafy vegetable crop, comparatively more salt-tolerant than any other vegetables with high antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Salt-tolerant crop variety development is of importance due to inadequate cultivable land and escalating salinity together with population pressure. In this view a total of 25 purslane accessions were initially selected from 45 collected purslane accessions based on better growth performance and subjected to 5 different salinity levels, that is, 0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, and 40.0 dS m−1NaCl. Plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and dry matter contents in salt treated purslane accessions were significantly reduced (P≤0.05) and the enormity of reduction increased with increasing salinity stress. Based on dry matter yield reduction, among all 25 purslane accessions 2 accessions were graded as tolerant (Ac7 and Ac9), 6 accessions were moderately tolerant (Ac3, Ac5, Ac6, Ac10, Ac11, and Ac12), 5 accessions were moderately susceptible (Ac1, Ac2, Ac4, Ac8, and Ac13), and the remaining 12 accessions were susceptible to salinity stress and discarded from further study. The selected 13 purslane accessions could assist in the identification of superior genes for salt tolerance in purslane for improving its productivity and sustainable agricultural production.
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Jourdan, Karen B., Nicola A. Mason, Lu Long, Peter G. Philips, Martin R. Wilkins, and Nicholas W. Morrell. "Characterization of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in rat peripheral pulmonary arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 280, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): L1359—L1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.6.l1359.
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Activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC), of which there are 10 diversely regulated isoforms, is important in regulating pulmonary vascular tone and remodeling. Immunohistochemistry in rat lungs demonstrated that AC2, AC3, and AC5/6 predominated in vascular and bronchial smooth muscle. Isoforms 1, 4, 7, and 8 localized to the bronchial epithelium. Exposure of animals to hypoxia did not change the pattern of isoform expression. RT-PCR confirmed mRNA expression of AC2, AC3, AC5, and AC6 and demonstrated AC7 and AC8 transcripts in smooth muscle. Western blotting confirmed the presence of AC2, AC3, and AC5/6 proteins. Functional studies provided evidence of cAMP regulation by Ca2+ and protein kinase C-activated but not Gi-inhibited pathways, supporting a role for AC2 and a Ca2+-stimulated isoform, AC8. However, NKH-477, an AC5-selective activator, was more potent than forskolin in elevating cAMP and inhibiting serum-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation, supporting the presence of AC5. These studies demonstrate differential expression of AC isoforms in rat lungs and provide evidence that AC2, AC5, and AC8 are functionally important in cAMP regulation and growth pathways in pulmonary artery myocytes.
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Alvarez-Curto, Elisa, Karin E. Weening, and Pauline Schaap. "Pharmacological profiling of the Dictyostelium adenylate cyclases ACA, ACB and ACG." Biochemical Journal 401, no. 1 (December 11, 2006): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060880.
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Intracellular and secreted cAMPs play crucial roles in controlling cell movement and gene regulation throughout development of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. cAMP is produced by three structurally distinct ACs (adenylate cyclases), ACA, ACG and ACB, which have distinctive but overlapping patterns of expression and, as concluded from gene disruption studies, seemingly overlapping functions. In addition to gene disruption, acute pharmacological abrogation of protein activity can be a powerful tool to identify the protein's role in the biology of the organism. We analysed the effects of a range of compounds on the activity of ACA, ACB and ACG to identify enzyme-specific modulators. Caffeine, which was previously used to specifically block ACA function, also inhibited cAMP accumulation by ACB and ACG. IPA (2′,3′-O-isopropylidene adenosine) specifically inhibits ACA when measured in intact cells, without affecting ACB or ACG. All three enzymes are inhibited by the P-site inhibitor DDA (2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine) when assayed in cell lysates, but not in intact cells. Tyrphostin A25 [α-cyano-(3,4,5-trihydroxy)cinnamonitrile] and SQ22536 [9-(tetrahydro-2′-furyl)adenine] proved to be effective and specific inhibitors for ACG and ACA respectively. Both compounds acted directly on enzyme activity assayed in cell lysates, but only SQ22536 was also a specific inhibitor when added to intact cells.
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Palacios-González, Berenice, Guadalupe León-Reyes, Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Isabel Ibarra-González, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Yvonne N. Flores, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Jorge Salmerón, and Rafael Velázquez-Cruz. "Targeted Metabolomics Revealed a Sex-Dependent Signature for Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexican Population." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183678.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of several metabolic conditions predisposing to chronic diseases. Individuals diagnosed with MetS are physiologically heterogeneous, with significant sex-specific differences. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential sex-specific serum modifications of amino acids and acylcarnitines (ACs) and their relationship with MetS in the Mexican population. This study included 602 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study. Forty serum metabolites were analyzed using a targeted metabolomics approach. Multivariate regression models were used to test associations of clinical and biochemical parameters with metabolomic profiles. Our findings showed a serum amino acid signature (citrulline and glycine) and medium-chain ACs (AC14:1, AC10, and AC18:10H) associated with MetS. Glycine and AC10 were specific metabolites representative of discrimination according to sex-dependent MetS. In addition, we found that glycine and short-chain ACs (AC2, AC3, and AC8:1) are associated with age-dependent MetS. We also reported a significant correlation between body fat and metabolites associated with sex-age-dependent MetS. In conclusion, the metabolic profile varies by MetS status, and these differences are sex-age-dependent in the Mexican population.
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Strait, Kevin A., Peter K. Stricklett, Mark Chapman, and Donald E. Kohan. "Characterization of vasopressin-responsive collecting duct adenylyl cyclases in the mouse." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 298, no. 4 (April 2010): F859—F867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00109.2009.
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Little is known about collecting duct adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms or regulation in the mouse. We performed RT-PCR for AC isoforms 1–9 in microdissected cortical (CCD) and outer medullary (OMCD) and acutely isolated inner medullary (IMCD) collecting duct. All collecting duct regions contained AC3, AC4, and AC6 mRNA, while CCD and OMCD, but not IMCD, also contained AC5 mRNA. Acutely isolated IMCD expressed AC3, AC4, and AC6 proteins by Western blot analysis. The mIMCD3 cell line expressed AC2, AC3, AC4, AC5, and AC6 mRNA; M-1 CCD cells expressed AC2, 3, 4, and 6, while mpkCCD cell lines contained AC3, AC4, and AC6 mRNA. AVP stimulated cAMP accumulation in acutely isolated mouse IMCD; this was reduced by chelation of extracellular calcium (EGTA) and almost completely abolished by blockade of calmodulin (W-7). Blockade of calmodulin kinase with KN-93 or endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (thapsigargin) also reduced the AVP response. A similar inhibitory effect of W-7, KN-93, and thapsigargin was seen on forskolin-stimulated cAMP content in acutely isolated mouse IMCD. These three agents had the same pattern of blockade of AVP- or forskolin-stimulated AC activity in acutely isolated rat IMCD. AVP responsiveness in primary cultures of mouse IMCD was also reduced by W-7, KN-93, and thapsigargin. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to knock down AC3 or AC6 in primary cultured mouse IMCD significantly reduced AVP-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Together, these data are consistent with a role of AC3 and AC6 in the activation of mouse collecting duct by AVP.
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Alam, Md Amirul, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, M. Y. Rafii, and Azizah Abdul Hamid. "Effect of Salinity on Biomass Yield and Physiological and Stem-Root Anatomical Characteristics of Purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.) Accessions." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/105695.
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13 selected purslane accessions were subjected to five salinity levels 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 dS m−1. Salinity effect was evaluated on the basis of biomass yield reduction, physiological attributes, and stem-root anatomical changes. Aggravated salinity stress caused significant (P<0.05) reduction in all measured parameters and the highest salinity showed more detrimental effect compared to control as well as lower salinity levels. The fresh and dry matter production was found to increase in Ac1, Ac9, and Ac13 from lower to higher salinity levels but others were badly affected. Considering salinity effect on purslane physiology, increase in chlorophyll content was seen in Ac2, Ac4, Ac6, and Ac8 at 16 dS m−1salinity, whereas Ac4, Ac9, and Ac12 showed increased photosynthesis at the same salinity levels compared to control. Anatomically, stem cortical tissues of Ac5, Ac9, and Ac12 were unaffected at control and 8 dS m−1salinity but root cortical tissues did not show any significant damage except a bit enlargement in Ac12 and Ac13. A dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA based on biomass yield and physiological traits where all 13 accessions were grouped into 5 clusters proving greater diversity among them. The 3-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) has also confirmed the output of grouping from cluster analysis. Overall, salinity stressed among all 13 purslane accessions considering biomass production, physiological growth, and anatomical development Ac9 was the best salt-tolerant purslane accession and Ac13 was the most affected accession.
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Park, Soohyung, Muhammad Yaqub, Seunghan Lee, and Wontae Lee. "Adsorption of acetaldehyde from air by activated carbon and carbon fibers." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 200549–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.549.
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The adsorption of acetaldehyde from air using various activated carbon and carbon fibers was investigated in this study. These adsorbents included activated carbon (AC), carbon fibers (CFs), activated carbon fibers (ACFs), and metal-coated carbon fibers (MCCFs) supplied by different manufacturers. AC was categorized as AC1, AC2, AC3, and AC4, CFs were denoted as ACF1, while ACFs and MCCFs were expressed as ACF2 and ACF3, respectively. Five composite materials were prepared using the AC and ACFs in different ratios, and experiments were conducted to assess their acetaldehyde adsorption efficiency under dry and wet conditions. The results showed that the acetaldehyde adsorption efficiency of an impregnated AC4 was higher (95.9%) than that of both non-impregnated AC1 and AC3 and an impregnated AC2 after 1 min of operation. ACF2 showed a higher acetaldehyde adsorption efficiency (50.9%) as compared to ACF1 and ACF3 because of its larger surface area and selective absorption capability after 1 min of operation. A composite material comprising 6.3 g of AC4 and 1 g of ACF2 showed the highest adsorption efficiency of 97.9% under dry conditions. However, this adsorption efficiency significantly decreased under wet conditions.
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Gille, Andreas, Gerald H. Lushington, Tung-Chung Mou, Michael B. Doughty, Roger A. Johnson, and Roland Seifert. "Differential Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms and Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase by Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 19 (February 23, 2004): 19955–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m312560200.
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Mammals express nine membranous adenylyl cyclase isoforms (ACs 1–9), a structurally related soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and a soluble AC (sAC). Moreover,Bacillus anthracisandBacillus pertussisproduce the AC toxins, edema factor (EF), and adenylyl cyclase toxin (ACT), respectively. 2′(3′)-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate is a potent competitive inhibitor of AC in S49 lymphoma cell membranes. These data prompted us to study systematically the effects of 24 nucleotides on AC in S49 and Sf9 insect cell membranes, ACs 1, 2, 5, and 6, expressed in Sf9 membranes and purified catalytic subunits of membranous ACs (C1 of AC5 and C2 of AC2), sAC, sGC, EF, and ACT in the presence of MnCl2.N-Methylanthraniloyl (MANT)-GTP inhibited C1·C2 with aKiof 4.2 nm. Phe-889 and Ile-940 of C2 mediate hydrophobic interactions with the MANT group. MANT-inosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate potently inhibited C1·C2 and ACs 1, 5, and 6 but exhibited only low affinity for sGC, EF, ACT, and G-proteins. Inosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate and uridine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate were mixed G-protein activators and AC inhibitors. AC5 was up to 15-fold more sensitive to inhibitors than AC2. EF and ACT exhibited unique inhibitor profiles. At sAC, 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine 3′-triphosphate was the most potent compound (IC50, 690 nm). Several MANT-adenine and MANT-guanine nucleotides inhibited sGC withKivalues in the 200–400 nmrange. UTP and ATP exhibited similar affinities for sGC as GTP and were mixed sGC substrates and inhibitors. The exchange of MnCl2against MgCl2reduced inhibitor potencies at ACs and sGC 1.5–250-fold, depending on the nucleotide and cyclase studied. The omission of the NTP-regenerating system from cyclase reactions strongly reduced the potencies of MANT-ADP, indicative for phosphorylation to MANT-ATP by pyruvate kinase. Collectively, AC isoforms and sGC are differentially inhibited by purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
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Nikitina, E. A., I. S. Meletev, O. V. Soloviev, and E. N. Chicherina. "Prediction of the long-term risk of adverse cardiovascular events after an episode of acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 19, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2357.
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Aim. To determine independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) and to develop a long-term (12 months) prognostic model after an episode of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. The study included 120 T2D patients hospitalized due to ACS in the period from January 2016 to February 2017. All patients underwent standard diagnostic tests. Twelve months after ACS, the incidence of ACE in T2D patients was assessed: cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, emergency surgical revascularization. Additionally, we analyzed composite endpoint (CEP), including all of the adverse outcomes listed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=34) — patients with ACE; group 2 (n=86) — patients without ACE. Factors associated with the CEP were then included in the logistic regression to determine independent predictors of ACE. In order to predict the development of CEP in patients with ACS and T2D, a logit model was created. To process the model, a ROC analysis was performed.Results. Independent factors associated with ACE for 12 months in T2D patients after an ACS were established: MI of moderate severity (D.M. Aronov classification); hypertriglyceridemia; decreased heart rate variability (SDNN <0 ms); segments with significant coronary stenosis in the amount of ≥3; no surgical revascularization during acute MI. Based on independent factors, a logit model was developed for assessing 12-month risk of ACE in T2D patients after an ACS.Conclusion. The developed risk prediction model for T2D patients after ACS, based on accessible diagnostic tests, allows to determine the probability of ACE within 12 months.
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Posnenkova, O. M., A. R. Kiselev, V. I. Gridnev, Yu V. Popova, P. Ya Dovgalevskyi, and E. V. Oshchepkova. "ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION QUALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND ST SEGMENT ELEVATION, BASED ON THE CRITERIA BY THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY/AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 12, no. 5 (October 20, 2013): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2013-5-40-44.
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Aim. To use the criteria by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), in order to assess the quality of myocar-dial reperfusion in Russian patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ST segment elevation (STE-ACS).Material and methods. We analysed the clinical data of 25682 patients with STE-ACS, who were treated (2010–2011) in Russian hospitals participating in the Russian ACS Registry. The following ACC/AHA indicators (2008) were used: “time to thrombolysis” — the percentage of STE-ACS patients who received thrombolysis within 30 minutes after admission; “time to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)” — the per-centage of STE-ACS patients in whom primary PCI started within 90 minutes after admission; and “reperfusion” — the percentage of STE-ACS patients who underwent any reperfusion intervention within 12 hours after the chest pain onset.Results. Among 25682 STE-ACS patients, any reperfusion intervention (PCI and/or thrombolysis, in any order) were performed in 12043 (46,9%). Among 7437 STE-ACS patients who underwent thrombolysis, 5119 (69%) met the inclusion criteria. In this group, the indicator “time to thrombolysis” was met in 3342 patients (65,3%). Among 5405 STEACS patients who underwent PCI, 3993 (73,9%) met the inclusion criteria. In these patients, the indicator “time to primary PCI” was met in 2797 (70%). Finally, among 25135 (97,9%) patients with STE-ACS who were included in the analyses, the indicator “reperfusion” was met in 9800 (38,9%).Conclusion. The main problem of the health care for Russian patients with STE-ACS is the limited reperfusion coverage. However, the reperfusion quality could be regarded as satisfactory.
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Saleem, Muhammad. "Effect of Chemical Activating Agents on Surface Area and Methylene Blue Uptake Capacity of Activated Carbons." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 64, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.64.3.2021.254.264.
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Activated carbon from Acacia asak (Fabaceae) tree branches was prepared utilizing three-steps- process and H3P04, ZnCl2, H2S04, K2C03, Na0H and K0H as chemical activating agents. In addition to the elemental analysis of precursor materials, produced activated carbon (ATB-AC) was also analyzed for moisture content, ash content, pH value, bulk density, volatile matter, hardness, specific surface area (SBET), iodine number and pore volume. Results revealed that the quality of ATB-AC is well comparable to the available commercial activated carbon (CAC). The SBET was found to be in the order of ATB-AC1> ATB- AC2> ATB-AC4> ATB-AC6> ATB-AC3> ATB-AC5. All the produced ATB-AC demonstrated good MB (methylene blue) removal efficiency, whereas ATB-AC1 and ATB-AC2 (produced from H3P04, and ZnCl2) showed higher efficiency. It is concluded that the chemical activating agent has significant effect on produced AC keeping all other production parameters constant. Among the six studied chemicals, H3P04 and ZnCl2 produced AC exhibited high SBET surface area and MB uptake capacity.
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Sismeiro, Odile, Pascale Trotot, Francis Biville, Christian Vivares, and Antoine Danchin. "Aeromonas hydrophila Adenylyl Cyclase 2: a New Class of Adenylyl Cyclases with Thermophilic Properties and Sequence Similarities to Proteins from Hyperthermophilic Archaebacteria." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 13 (July 1, 1998): 3339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.13.3339-3344.1998.
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ABSTRACT Complementation of an Escherichia coli cya mutant with a genomic library from Aeromonas hydrophila allowed isolation of clones containing two different cya genes. Whereas one of these genes (cyaA) coded for an adenylyl cyclase (AC1) belonging to the previously described class I adenylyl cyclases (ACs), the second one (cyaB) coded for a protein (AC2) that did not match any previously characterized protein when compared to protein sequence databases. In particular, it did not align with any of members of the three known classes of ACs. The purified AC2 enzyme exhibited remarkable biochemical characteristics, namely, an optimum activity at a high temperature (65°C) and at an alkalinic pH (9.5). In order to investigate the functions of both cyclases inA. hydrophila, each gene was inactivated in the chromosome and the resulting mutant strains were examined for physiological alterations. It was shown that, in contrast to cyaA, thecyaB gene was not expressed under usual laboratory growth conditions. However, introduction of a plasmid harboring thecyaB gene in a cyaA mutant, as well as in acyaA cyaB mutant, allowed cyclic AMP production. AC2 is the first member of a new class of previously unrecognized ACs, and to date, no functional counterpart has been demonstrated in other organisms. However, scanning databases revealed a significant similarity between AC2 and the gene product of three hyperthermophilic archaebacteria: Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum,Archaeglobus fulgidus, and Methanococcus jannaschii. The possibility of a gene transfer between such phylogenetically divergent bacteria is discussed.
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Lopez, Miguel A., Edwin A. Saada, and Kent L. Hill. "Insect Stage-Specific Adenylate Cyclases Regulate Social Motility in African Trypanosomes." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00217-14.
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ABSTRACTSophisticated systems for cell-cell communication enable unicellular microbes to act as multicellular entities capable of group-level behaviors that are not evident in individuals. These group behaviors influence microbe physiology, and the underlying signaling pathways are considered potential drug targets in microbial pathogens.Trypanosoma bruceiis a protozoan parasite that causes substantial human suffering and economic hardship in some of the most impoverished regions of the world.T. bruceilives on host tissue surfaces during transmission through its tsetse fly vector, and cultivation on surfaces causes the parasites to assemble into multicellular communities in which individual cells coordinate their movements in response to external signals. This behavior is termed “social motility,” based on its similarities with surface-induced social motility in bacteria, and it demonstrates that trypanosomes are capable of group-level behavior. Mechanisms governingT. bruceisocial motility are unknown. Here we report that a subset of receptor-type adenylate cyclases (ACs) in the trypanosome flagellum regulate social motility. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of adenylate cyclase 6 (AC6), or dual knockdown of AC1 and AC2, causes a hypersocial phenotype but has no discernible effect on individual cells in suspension culture. Mutation of the AC6 catalytic domain phenocopies AC6 knockdown, demonstrating that loss of adenylate cyclase activity is responsible for the phenotype. Notably, knockdown of other ACs did not affect social motility, indicating segregation of AC functions. These studies reveal interesting parallels in systems that control social behavior in trypanosomes and bacteria and provide insight into a feature of parasite biology that may be exploited for novel intervention strategies.
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Cazola, Luiza Helena de Oliveira, Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes, Edson Mamoru Tamaki, Sônia Maria Oliveira de Andrade, and Cássia Barbosa Reis. "O controle da dengue em duas áreas urbanas do Brasil central: percepção dos moradores." Saúde e Sociedade 20, no. 3 (September 2011): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902011000300021.
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Com a implementação da Estratégia Saúde da Família, o controle da dengue, anteriormente realizado por Agente de Controle de Endemias (ACE), também passou a ser tarefa do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS). Em Rio Verde de Mato Grosso (RVMT), o controle da dengue continuou a ser desenvolvido pelos dois tipos de agentes e, em São Gabriel do Oeste (SGO), município pertencente à mesma microrregião, essa atividade foi incorporada pelo ACS, deixando de existir a figura do ACE. O estudo visou verificar se a qualidade do trabalho do ACS foi afetado na percepção da população desses dois municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul. Realizaram-se grupos focais com moradores dos municípios e, para organização dos conteúdos, utilizou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Em ambos os municípios, a população está satisfeita com o trabalho dos ACS, revelando que em SGO, o acúmulo das atividades de controle da dengue não afetou a qualidade de seu serviço. Em RVMT, a população considera que o trabalho com a dengue é específico do ACE, mas manifesta maior satisfação com a atuação do ACS. Apesar da sobrecarga do ACS, o estudo revela o potencial que a organização de trabalho adotado por SGO tem para a melhoria do controle da dengue no que se refere à atenção básica.
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Milde, Markus, Ruth C. Werthmann, Kathrin von Hayn, and Moritz Bünemann. "Dynamics of adenylate cyclase regulation via heterotrimeric G-proteins." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 2 (March 20, 2014): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130280.
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A wide variety of G-protein-coupled receptors either activate or inhibit ACs (adenylate cyclases), thereby regulating cellular cAMP levels and consequently inducing proper physiological responses. Stimulatory and inhibitory G-proteins interact directly with ACs, whereas Gq-coupled receptors exert their effects primarily via Ca2+. Using the FRET-based cAMP sensor Epac1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1)–cAMPS (adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate), we studied cAMP levels in single living VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) or HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) with subsecond temporal resolution. Stimulation of purinergic (VSMCs) or thrombin (HUVECs) receptors rapidly decreased cAMP levels in the presence of the β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline via a rise in Ca2+ and subsequent inhibition of AC5 and AC6. Specifically in HUVECs, we observed that, in the continuous presence of thrombin, cAMP levels climbed slowly after the initial decline with a delay of a little less than 1 min. The underlying mechanism includes phospholipase A2 activity and cyclo-oxygenase-mediated synthesis of prostaglandins. We studied further the dynamics of the inhibition of ACs via Gi-proteins utilizing FRET imaging to resolve interactions between fluorescently labelled Gi-proteins and AC5. FRET between Gαi1 and AC5 developed at much lower concentration of agonist compared with the overall Gi-protein activity. We found the dissociation of Gαi1 subunits and AC5 to occur slower than the Gi-protein deactivation. This led us to the conclusion that AC5, by binding active Gαi1, interferes with G-protein deactivation and reassembly and thereby might sensitize its own regulation.
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Pek, Jen Heng, Stephanie Man Chung Fook-Chong, Jason Chon Jun Choo, Carol Hui Chen Tan, Ziwei Lin, Choong Meng Chan, Chin Pin Yeo, and Swee Han Lim. "Copeptin, myeloperoxidase and pro-adrenomedullin for acute coronary syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 28, no. 3 (April 17, 2019): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105819843927.
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Objectives:Copeptin, myeloperoxidase and pro-adrenomedullin have emerged as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, their applicability in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown as these patients were excluded from previous studies. Our objective was to determine the superior novel cardiac marker to predict 30-day and six-month adverse cardiac events (ACEs) defined as cardiac-related death, myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation.Methods:A prospective observational study was carried out. Patients were included if they presented to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of ACS and had CKD as defined as a serum creatinine of more than 130 µmol/l. Copeptin, myeloperoxidase and pro-adrenomedulin assays were performed. Occurrence of ACE was traced from review of the patients’ case records and the registry of deaths.Results:A total of 724 patients were recruited: 60.6% were male and 68.6% were Chinese. The median age was 67 years. Among those recruited, 88.3% had CKD stages 4 and 5, with 33.5% on dialysis. The rates of ACE at 30 days and six months were 15.1% and 21.7%, respectively. All readings of the three biomarkers were not significantly different in patients with ACE compared with those without both at 30 days and six months. The areas under the curve for copeptin, myeloperoxidase and pro-adrenomedullin were 0.53, 0.50 and 0.45, respectively ( p > 0.05).Conclusions:The poor performance of the biomarkers may be attributable to lack of specificity for ACS, as elevated levels could be from other causes in CKD patients. Routine testing cannot be recommended.
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Valdés-Alvarado, Emmanuel, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Yeminia Valle, Elena Sandoval-Pinto, Ilian Janet García-González, Angélica Valdez-Haro, Ulises De la Cruz-Mosso, Héctor Enrique Flores-Salinas, and Jorgé Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez. "Association between the −794 (CATT)5–8 MIFGene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Western Mexican Population." Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/704854.
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The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is related to the progression of atherosclerosis, which, in turn, is a key factor in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MIFhas a CATT short tandem repeat (STR) at position −794 that might be involved in its expression rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the −794CATT5–8 MIFgene polymorphism and susceptibility to ACS in a western Mexican population. This research included 200 ACS patients classified according to the criteria of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and 200 healthy subjects (HS). The −794CATT5–8 MIFgene polymorphism was analyzed using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The 6 allele was the most frequent in both groups (ACS: 54% and HS: 57%). The most common genotypes in ACS patients and HS were 6/7 and 6/6, respectively, and a significant association was found between the 6/7 genotype and susceptibility to ACS (68% versus 47% in ACS and HS, resp.,P=0.03). We conclude that the 6/7 genotype of theMIF−794CATT5–8polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to ACS in a western Mexican population.
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Bermudez, Natalie. "ACS." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 10, no. 6 (2012): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000421577.99021.b3.
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von Hayn, Kathrin, Ruth C. Werthmann, Viacheslav O. Nikolaev, Leif G. Hommers, Martin J. Lohse, and Moritz Bünemann. "Gq-mediated Ca2+ signals inhibit adenylyl cyclases 5/6 in vascular smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 298, no. 2 (February 2010): C324—C332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2009.
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cAMP and Ca2+ are antagonistic intracellular messengers for the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone; rising levels of Ca2+ lead to vasoconstriction, whereas an increase of cAMP induces vasodilatation. Here we investigated whether Ca2+ interferes with cAMP signaling by regulation of phophodiesterases (PDEs) or adenylyl cyclases (ACs). We studied regulation of cAMP concentrations by Ca2+ signals evoked by endogenous purinergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP sensor Epac1-camps allowed the measurement of cAMP levels in single-living VSMCs with subsecond temporal resolution. Moreover, in vitro calibration of Epac1-camps enabled us to estimate the absolute cytosolic cAMP concentrations. Stimulation of purinergic receptors decreased cAMP levels in the presence of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Simultaneous imaging of cAMP with Epac1-camps and of Ca2+ with Fura 2 revealed a rise of intracellular Ca2+ in response to purinergic stimulation followed by a decline of cAMP. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ and overexpression of Ca2+-independent AC4 antagonized this decline of cAMP, whereas pharmacological inhibition of Ca2+-activated PDE1 had no effect. AC assays with VSMC membranes revealed a significant attenuation of isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP production by the presence of 2 μM Ca2+. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of AC5 and AC6 (the two ACs known to be inhibited by Ca2+), significantly reduced the decrease of cAMP upon purinergic stimulation of isoproterenol-prestimulated VSMCs. Taken together, these results implicate a Ca2+-mediated inhibition of AC5 and 6 as an important mechanism of purinergic receptor-induced decline of cAMP and show a direct cross talk of these signaling pathways in VSMCs.
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Fini, Chiara, Vanessa Era, Federico Da Rold, Matteo Candidi, and Anna M. Borghi. "Abstract concepts in interaction: the need of others when guessing abstract concepts smooths dyadic motor interactions." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 7 (July 2021): 201205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201205.
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Abstract concepts (ACs, e.g. ‘justice’) are more complex compared with concrete concepts (CCs) (e.g. ‘table’). Indeed, they do not possess a single object as a referent, they assemble quite heterogeneous members and they are more detached from exteroceptive and more grounded in interoceptive experience. Recent views have hypothesized that interpersonal communication is particularly crucial to acquire and use ACs. The current study investigates the reliance of ACs/CCs representation on interpersonal behaviour. We asked participants to perform a motor interaction task with two avatars who embodied two real confederates. Before and after the motor interaction task, the two confederates provided participants with hints in a concept guessing task associated with visual stimuli: one helped in guessing ACs and the other, CCs. A control study we performed both with the materials employed in the main experiment and with other materials, confirmed that associating verbal concepts with visual images was more difficult with ACs than with CCs. Consistently, the results of the main experiment showed that participants asked for more hints with ACs than CCs and were more synchronous when interacting with the avatar corresponding to the AC's confederate. The results highlight an important role of sociality in grounding ACs.
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Kotla, Suman krishna, and Cyril Nathaniel. "Recurrent Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Review Article." Case Reports in Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/160802.
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ABS is a unique acute cardiac syndrome and a recently recognized form of transient left ventricular dysfunction. It mimics ACS in clinical presentation (chest pain and dyspnea) and specific ECHO findings in the absence of significant coronary lesions. This rare entity accounts for 2.2% of ST segment elevation ACS. Pathophysiology mostly correlates to stress-induced catecholamine release. The syndrome is predominant in females, mostly in the postmenopausal age group. It should be initially managed according to the guidelines of ACS. The prognosis for apical ballooning syndrome is generally favorable with inpatient hospital mortality less than 2%. Reports of a single episode of ABS are common in recent medical literature; we report a rare case of recurrence that provides more insight into the nature of this unique syndrome.
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Pinto, Cibele S., Gail A. Reif, Emily Nivens, Corey White, and Darren P. Wallace. "Calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclases mediate AVP-dependent cAMP production and Cl− secretion by human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 303, no. 10 (November 15, 2012): F1412—F1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00692.2011.
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In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), binding of AVP to the V2 receptor (V2R) increases cAMP and accelerates cyst growth by stimulating cell proliferation and Cl−-dependent fluid secretion. Basal cAMP is elevated in human ADPKD cells compared with normal human kidney (NHK) cells. V2R mRNA levels are elevated in ADPKD cells; however, AVP caused a greater increase in global cAMP in NHK cells, suggesting an intrinsic difference in cAMP regulation. Expression, regulatory properties, and receptor coupling of specific adenylyl cyclases (ACs) provide temporal and spatial regulation of the cAMP signal. ADPKD and NHK cells express mRNAs for all nine ACs. Ca2+-inhibited ACs 5 and 6 are increased in ADPKD cells, while Ca2+/CaM-stimulated ACs 1 and 3 are downregulated. ACs 1, 3, 5, and 6 were detected in cyst cells in situ, and codistribution with aquaporin-2 suggests that these cysts were derived from collecting ducts. To determine the contribution of CaM-sensitive ACs to AVP signaling, cells were treated with W-7, a CaM inhibitor. W-7 decreased AVP-induced cAMP production and Cl− secretion by ADPKD cells. CaMKII inhibition increased AVP-induced cAMP, suggesting that cAMP synthesis is mediated by AC3. In contrast, CaM and CaMKII inhibition in NHK cells did not affect AVP-induced cAMP production. Restriction of intracellular Ca2+ switched the response in NHK cells, such that CaM inhibition decreased AVP-induced cAMP production. We suggest that a compensatory response to decreased Ca2+ in ADPKD cells switches V2R coupling from Ca2+-inhibited ACs 5/6 to Ca2+/CaM-stimulated AC3, to mitigate high cAMP levels in response to continuous AVP stimulation.
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Nikitina, E. A., E. N. Chicherina, O. S. Elsukova, and I. S. Metelev. "The importance of three-stage cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (August 8, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-11-12-18.
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Introduction. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have worse prognosis than those without diabetes. Risk of adverse outcome in this cohort remains high despite the introduction of new methods of invasive treatment of ACS. The use of all-inclusive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs allows improving prognosis in patients with ACS and T2DM. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate impact of two- or three-stage CR on long-term prognosis in patients with ACS and T2DM. Methods. The study included 251 ACS patients hospitalized in the department of cardiology, of which 120 patients with T2DM. Management of ACS was carried out in accordance with the clinical recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (2015, 2017). All patients underwent standard laboratory and instrumental examination. We analyzed prognostic parameters (myocardial revascularization, myocardial infarction and mortality) during 12 months of follow-up in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ACS who underwent two or a three-stage CR. Additionally, the achievement of the combined endpoint, which include at least one of the ACE, was analyzed. Results. Long-term prognosis in ACS patients who underwent three-stage CR in diabetic and non-diabetic groups did not differ significantly. However, the frequency of repeated myocardial revascularization was higher in patients with T2DM in comparison with non-diabetic patients inside the two-stage CR subgroup. Conclusion. Three-stage CR should be recommended in diabetic patients with ACS to improve long-term prognosis.
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Ostrom, Katrina F., Justin E. LaVigne, Tarsis F. Brust, Roland Seifert, Carmen W. Dessauer, Val J. Watts, and Rennolds S. Ostrom. "Physiological roles of mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclase isoforms." Physiological Reviews 102, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 815–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00013.2021.
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Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1–9, that serve as major effector enzymes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The transmembrane ACs display varying expression patterns across tissues, giving the potential for them to have a wide array of physiological roles. Cells express multiple AC isoforms, implying that ACs have redundant functions. Furthermore, all transmembrane ACs are activated by Gαs, so it was long assumed that all ACs are activated by Gαs-coupled GPCRs. AC isoforms partition to different microdomains of the plasma membrane and form prearranged signaling complexes with specific GPCRs that contribute to cAMP signaling compartments. This compartmentation allows for a diversity of cellular and physiological responses by enabling unique signaling events to be triggered by different pools of cAMP. Isoform-specific pharmacological activators or inhibitors are lacking for most ACs, making knockdown and overexpression the primary tools for examining the physiological roles of a given isoform. Much progress has been made in understanding the physiological effects mediated through individual transmembrane ACs. GPCR-AC-cAMP signaling pathways play significant roles in regulating functions of every cell and tissue, so understanding each AC isoform’s role holds potential for uncovering new approaches for treating a vast array of pathophysiological conditions.
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Cohen, Victor, Daniel G. Murphy, and Janet Williams. "Review of the Current ACS Practice Guideline to Develop an Ischemic Chest Pain Protocol." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 15, no. 3 (June 2002): 250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/uw6y-g2yg-vfg8.
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This review covers the major recommendations to the 2000 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) Practice Guidelines. This review describes the evidence-based medicine that rationalizes the recommended pharmacotherapy for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non- STEMI (NSTEMI) ACS. To ensure conformity, an Ischemic Chest Pain Protocol (ICPP) order form was developed. The ICPP is like a menu that includes orders for all the recommended therapies in an easy-to-use checklist format. The ICPP has facilitated the implementation, acceptance, and understanding of the 2002 ACC/AHA ACS practice guidelines. Hence with improved conformity, it is hoped that the improved outcomes that were intended will result. A description of the ICPP and a mechanism for implementation is provided in this article.
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Gorny, James R., and Adel A. Kader. "Controlled-atmosphere Suppression of ACC Synthase and ACC Oxidase in `Golden Delicious' Apples during Long-term Cold Storage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 4 (July 1996): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.4.751.
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Preclimacteric `Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were stored at 0 °C in: air; air + 5% CO2; 2% O2 + 98% N2; or 2% O2 + 5% CO2 + 93% N2, and sampled monthly for 4 months to investigate the mechanism(s) by which reduced O2 and/or elevated CO2 atmospheres inhibit C2H4 biosynthesis. Ethylene biosynthesis rates and in vitro ACS activity were closely correlated in all treatments, while in vitro ACO activity significantly increased over time regardless of the treatment. Only a small amount of C2H4 biosynthesis inhibition by lowered O2 and/or elevated CO2 atmospheres could be accounted for by suppressed induction of ACO activity. Western blot analysis demonstrated that apples held for 2 months in lowered O2 and/or elevated CO2 atmospheres had significantly reduced abundance of ACO protein, compared to fruit held in air. Northern blot analysis of ACS and ACO transcript abundance revealed that reduced O2 and/or elevated CO2 atmospheres delay induction and reduce the abundance of both transcripts. Reduced O2 and/or elevated CO2 atmospheres reduce C2H4 biosynthesis by delaying and suppressing expression of ACS at the transcriptional level and by reducing the abundance of active ACO protein. Chemical names used: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), ACC synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO), ethylene (C2H4), S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet).
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Weiser, Anna, Pieter Giesbertz, Hannelore Daniel, and Britta Spanier. "Acylcarnitine Profiles in Plasma and Tissues of Hyperglycemic NZO Mice Correlate with Metabolite Changes of Human Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Research 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1864865.
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The New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse is a polygenic model for obesity and diabetes with obese females and obese, diabetes-prone males, used to study traits of the metabolic syndrome like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and dyslipidaemia. By using LC-MS/MS, we here examine the suitability of this model to mirror tissue-specific changes in acylcarnitine (AC) and amino acid (AA) species preceding T2DM which may reflect patterns investigated in human metabolism. We observed high concentrations of fatty acid-derived ACs in 11 female mice, high abundance of branched-chain amino acid- (BCAA-) derived ACs in 6 male mice, and slight increases in BCAA-derived ACs in the remaining 6 males. Principal component analysis (PCA) including all ACs and AAs confirmed our hypothesis especially in plasma samples by clustering females, males with high BCAA-derived ACs, and males with slight increases in BCAA-derived ACs. Concentrations of insulin, blood glucose, NEFAs, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) further supported the hypothesis of high BCAA-derived ACs being able to mirror the onset of diabetic traits in male individuals. In conclusion, alterations in AC and AA profiles overlap with observations from human studies indicating the suitability of NZO mice to study metabolic changes preceding human T2DM.
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Muthukumarasamy, Vivek, and Shakthi Suganya. "ACS in AF or AF in ACS." Indian Heart Journal 70 (November 2018): S35—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2018.10.106.
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Tsuchisaka, Atsunari, Guixia Yu, Hailing Jin, Jose M. Alonso, Joseph R. Ecker, Xiaoming Zhang, Shang Gao, and Athanasios Theologis. "A Combinatorial Interplay Among the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Isoforms Regulates Ethylene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana." Genetics 183, no. 3 (September 14, 2009): 979–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.109.107102.
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Ethylene (C2H4) is a unique plant-signaling molecule that regulates numerous developmental processes. The key enzyme in the two-step biosynthetic pathway of ethylene is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to ACC, the precursor of ethylene. To understand the function of this important enzyme, we analyzed the entire family of nine ACS isoforms (ACS1, ACS2, ACS4-9, and ACS11) encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. Our analysis reveals that members of this protein family share an essential function, because individual ACS genes are not essential for Arabidopsis viability, whereas elimination of the entire gene family results in embryonic lethality. Phenotypic characterization of single and multiple mutants unmasks unique but overlapping functions of the various ACS members in plant developmental events, including multiple growth characteristics, flowering time, response to gravity, disease resistance, and ethylene production. Ethylene acts as a repressor of flowering by regulating the transcription of the FLOWERING LOCUS C. Each single and high order mutant has a characteristic molecular phenotype with unique and overlapping gene expression patterns. The expression of several genes involved in light perception and signaling is altered in the high order mutants. These results, together with the in planta ACS interaction map, suggest that ethylene-mediated processes are orchestrated by a combinatorial interplay among ACS isoforms that determines the relative ratio of homo- and heterodimers (active or inactive) in a spatial and temporal manner. These subunit isoforms comprise a combinatorial code that is a central regulator of ethylene production during plant development. The lethality of the null ACS mutant contrasts with the viability of null mutations in key components of the ethylene signaling apparatus, strongly supporting the view that ACC, the precursor of ethylene, is a primary regulator of plant growth and development.
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Chen, Haoting, Songling Bai, Miyako Kusano, Hiroshi Ezura, and Ning Wang. "Increased ACS Enzyme Dosage Causes Initiation of Climacteric Ethylene Production in Tomato." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 10788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810788.
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Fruits of wild tomato species show different ethylene-dependent ripening characteristics, such as variations in fruit color and whether they exhibit a climacteric or nonclimacteric ripening transition. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) are key enzymes in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway encoded by multigene families. Gene duplication is a primary driver of plant diversification and angiosperm evolution. Here, interspecific variations in the molecular regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and perception during fruit ripening in domesticated and wild tomatoes were investigated. Results showed that the activated ACS genes were increased in number in red-ripe tomato fruits than in green-ripe tomato fruits; therefore, elevated dosage of ACS enzyme promoted ripening ethylene production. Results showed that the expression of three ACS isogenes ACS1A, ACS2, and ACS4, which are involved in autocatalytic ethylene production, was higher in red-ripe tomato fruits than in green-ripe tomato fruits. Elevated ACS enzyme dosage promoted ethylene production, which corresponded to the climacteric response of red-ripe tomato fruits. The data suggest that autoinhibitory ethylene production is common to all tomato species, while autocatalytic ethylene production is specific to red-ripe species. The essential regulators Non-ripening (NOR) and Ripening-Inhibitor (RIN) have experienced gene activation and overlapped with increasing ACS enzyme dosage. These complex levels of transcript regulation link higher ethylene production with spatiotemporal modulation of gene expression in red-ripe tomato species. Taken together, this study shows that bursts in ethylene production that accompany fruit color changes in red-ripe tomatoes are likely to be an evolutionary adaptation for seed dispersal.
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Huang, He, Xi Guan, Wenbo Zhang, Juhua Zhou, Bofeng Wu, and Xiaobo Lai. "Automatic Segmentation of Color Tongue Image Using Deep Asymmetric Convolution Skip Net." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 2164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3687.
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Segmentation of the tongue body from color images is vital for tongue diagnoses in traditional Chinese medicine. In tongue images, the tongue body is easily confused with the skin and lips, and the shadow also causes incorrect segmentation. To address these issues, we proposed a novel ACS-Net for tongue image segmentation and implemented the end-to-end form. In our ACS-Net architecture, the following innovations proposed: (1) ordinary convolution was replaced with ACB Module, (2) decoder block restores the features extracted by the encoder block, (3) skip connections are implemented between and within blocks. We use our own datasets named S1 and S2 that collected from the partner hospital. The collection methods of these two datasets are different: S1 was collected by professionals while S2 was taken by nurses. The method achieved state-of-the-art results on both two datasets, we use two metrics to reflect the segmentation performance, which are accuracy (acc) and mean intersection over Union (mIoU), in which the acc reaches 0.984 on S1 and 0.981 on S2; the mIoU reaches 0.925 on S1 and 0.958 on S2.
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Nugraha, Muhammad Andre, Dewi Purnama, Mukti Dono Wilopo, and Yar Johan. "KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DI TANJUNG GOSONGSENG DESA KAHYAPU PULAU ENGGANO PROVINSI BENGKULU." JURNAL ENGGANO 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2016): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.1.1.43-56.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi terumbu karang dan mengevaluasi kondisi terumbu karang berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominansi dan indeks mortalitas. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode suvei dengan menggunakan transek garis menyinggung (LIT), terdiri atas 3 stasiun dimana masing-masing stasiun dibagi atas 2 sub kedalaman yakni pada kedalaman 3m dan 10m. Tipe terumbu karang yang ada di Perairan Tanjung Gosongseng Pulau Enggano memiliki tipe terumbu karang tepi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 11 jenis bentuk pertumbuhan, yaitu Acropora Branching (ACB), Acropora Digitate (ACD), Acropora Encrusting (ACE), Acropora Submassive (ACS), Acropora Tabulate (ACT), Coral Branching (CB), Coral Massive (CM), Coral Encrusting (CE), Coral Submassive (CS), Coral Foliose (CF), dan Coral Mushroom (CMR). Tutupan karang di Tanjung Gosongseng menurut Kep Men LH no 4 Tahun 2001 tergolong buruk, sedang, baik dan, baik sekali keanekaragaman di kategorikan sedang, dominansi dikategorikan rendah, keseragaman di kategorikan tinggi, serta mortalitas sedang. Untuk parameter kualitas air baik untuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang
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Pérez Martínez, Jennifer, Juan Manuel Cuca García, Gustavo Ramírez Valverde, Silvia Carrillo Domínguez, Arturo Pro Martínez, Ernesto Ávila González, and Eliseo Sosa Montes. "Evaluación de dos aceites acidulados de soya en la producción y calidad de huevo en gallinas Bovans." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 10, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v10i2.4363.
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En la alimentación de gallinas en postura se utiliza el aceite crudo de soya (ACS), pero debido a que éste compite con la alimentación humana su precio es alto, por lo cual se evaluaron dos aceites acidulados de soya (AAS), los cuales son más económicos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de los AAS en la producción de gallinas Bovans, calidad de huevo, composición lipídica y costo de un kilo de huevo. Se determinó la energía metabolizable (EM) y composición de lípidos de los acidulados. Se utilizaron 240 gallinas en seis tratamientos, con cinco repeticiones, con ocho gallinas cada una. En las dietas se incluyeron ACS y dos acidulados (AAST y AASY), a dos niveles (2% y 4%). Las variables productivas fueron alimento consumido, porcentaje de postura, peso del huevo, masa del huevo, conversión alimenticia; en calidad de huevo se midió altura de albumina, unidades Haugh (UH), color de yema y grosor de cascarón. Se determinó la composición lipídica del huevo y su costo. Al sustituir el ACS por los AAS no se afectó la producción de las aves (P>0.05). En calidad de huevo, los AAS mejoraron las UH (P<0.05); la concentración de ácidos grasos del huevo se modificó según la composición del aceite en la dieta de las gallinas (P<0.05), mientras que el nivel de aceite influyó en el contenido de algunos ácidos grasos. Finalmente los AAS disminuyeron el costo de un kilo de huevo (P<0.05) en comparación del ACS.
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Ferreira, Fernando Nascimento, Fernanda Cassioli de Moraes, Laura Baialardi Galvão, Rafaela Assis Oliveira, Reiner Silveira de Moraes, Leandro Rodrigues de Oliveira Carvalho, Matheus de Paula Ferreira, et al. "O Médico Veterinário como capacitador de agentes comunitários de saúde e de endemias para a prevenção de acidentes por animais peçonhentos." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (May 22, 2020): e453974346. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4346.
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O Médico Veterinário destaca-se na saúde pública, por atuar na promoção da saúde, na identificação de fatores de riscos e determinação de medidas de prevenção e controle de doenças e agravos. Com o objetivo de realizar um levantamento do conhecimento prévio dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e Agentes de Combate às Endemias (ACS/ACE), sobre a relação de vertentes de saúde pública com a Medicina Veterinária e assuntos relacionados às principais espécies de animais peçonhentos envolvidos em acidentes com seres humanos. O estudo compreendeu três etapas, a primeira consistiu na elaboração e aplicação de questionários. Na segunda etapa, foi realizado um curso de capacitação sobre a prevenção de acidentes por animais peçonhentos aos ACS/ACE. Por fim, foram reaplicados ao término de cada encontro do curso, os questionários relacionados ao assunto abordado no dia. Do total dos participantes, 58,70% (27/46) eram ACE e 41,30% (19/46) ACS. Dentre as perguntas dos questionários, os participantes foram interrogados antes do curso se sabiam como se prevenir contra acidentes por animais peçonhentos. Verificou-se que 84,78% (39/46) sabiam como se prevenir, e após as ações 100% dos entrevistados responderam corretamente. Em outra pergunta, sobre o que é animal peçonhento, antes do curso 43,48% (20/46) souberam definir, e após o curso 71,74% (33/46). O estudo demonstrou a importância da Educação em Saúde e a função do Médico Veterinário como capacitador de ACS e ACE para a formação de multiplicadores de informações em saúde.
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Hirschel, Josephin, Mandy Vogel, Ronny Baber, Antje Garten, Carl Beuchel, Yvonne Dietz, Julia Dittrich, Antje Körner, Wieland Kiess, and Uta Ceglarek. "Relation of Whole Blood Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Metabolome to Age, Sex, BMI, Puberty, and Metabolic Markers in Children and Adolescents." Metabolites 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10040149.
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Background: Changes in the metabolic fingerprint of blood during child growth and development are a largely under-investigated area of research. The examination of such aspects requires a cohort of healthy children and adolescents who have been subjected to deep phenotyping, including collection of biospecimens for metabolomic analysis. The present study considered whether amino acid (AA) and acylcarnitine (AC) concentrations are associated with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and puberty during childhood and adolescence. It also investigated whether there are associations between amino acids (AAs) and acylcarnitines (ACs) and laboratory parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as liver, kidney, and thyroid parameters. Methods: A total of 3989 dried whole blood samples collected from 2191 healthy participants, aged 3 months to 18 years, from the LIFE Child cohort (Leipzig, Germany) were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to detect levels of 23 AAs, 6 ACs, and free carnitine (C0). Age- and sex-related percentiles were estimated for each metabolite. In addition, correlations between laboratory parameters and levels of the selected AAs and ACs were calculated using hierarchical models. Results: Four different age-dependent profile types were identified for AAs and ACs. Investigating the association with puberty, we mainly identified peak metabolite levels at Tanner stages 2 to 3 in girls and stages 3 to 5 in boys. Significant correlations were observed between BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and certain metabolites, among them, branched-chain (leucine/isoleucine, valine) and aromatic (phenylalanine, tyrosine) amino acids. Most of the metabolites correlated significantly with absolute concentrations of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, cystatin C (CysC), and creatinine. After age adjustment, significant correlations were observed between most metabolites and CysC, as well as HbA1c. Conclusions: During childhood, several AA and AC levels are related to age, sex, BMI, and puberty. Moreover, our data verified known associations but also revealed new correlations between AAs/ACs and specific key markers of metabolic function.
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Sarker, Suprovath Kumar, Md Tarikul Islam, Aparna Biswas, Golam Sarower Bhuyan, Rosy Sultana, Nusrat Sultana, Shagoofa Rakhshanda, et al. "Age-Specific Cut-off Values of Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines for Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Metabolism Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry." BioMed Research International 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3460902.
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Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used for the diagnosis of more than 30 inborn errors of metabolisms (IEMs). Accurate and reliable diagnosis of IEMs by quantifying amino acids (AAs) and acylcarnitines (ACs) using LC-MS/MS systems depend on the establishment of age-specific cut-offs of the analytes. This study aimed to (1) determine the age-specific cut-off values of AAs and ACs in Bangladesh and (2) validate the LC-MS/MS method for diagnosis of the patients with IEMs. A total of 570 enrolled healthy participants were divided into 3 age groups, namely, (1) newborns (1-7 days), (2) 8 days–7 years, and (3) 8–17 years, to establish the age-specific cut-offs for AAs and ACs. Also, 273 suspected patients with IEMs were enrolled to evaluate the reliability of the established cut-off values. Quantitation of AAs and ACs was performed on an automated LC-MS/MS system using dried blood spot (DBS) cards. Then the specimens of the enrolled clinically suspected patients were analyzed by the established method. Nine patients came out as screening positive for different IEMs, including two borderline positive cases of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD). A second-tier test for confirmation of the screening positive cases was conducted by urinary metabolic profiling using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Out of 9 cases that came out as screening positive by LC-MS/MS, seven cases were confirmed by urinary GC-MS analysis including 3 cases with phenylketonuria, 1 with citrullinemia type II, 1 with methylmalonic acidemia, 1 with isovaleric acidemia and 1 with carnitine uptake defect. Two borderline positive cases with MCAD were found negative by urinary GC-MS analysis. In conclusion, along with establishment of a validated LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of AAs and ACs from the DBS cards, the study also demonstrates the presence of predominantly available IEMs in Bangladesh.
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Shah, Aalesh, Nehal R. Parikh, Devang Rana, Supriya Malhotra, and Tejas Patel. "Evaluation of management in acute coronary syndrome and extent of adherence to standard treatment guidelines." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 11, no. 5 (August 24, 2022): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20222136.
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Background: India has the highest burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the world. This research is to evaluate prescriptions pattern and extent of adherence to American College of Cardiology (ACC)\American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines in the management of ACS with patient outcome.Methods: Case record form containing patient’s demographic, clinical profile, diagnosis, prescription drugs (with dose, duration and frequency) were noted. Pharmacotherapy was compared to ACC/AHA guidelines, to evaluate adherence, guideline adherence index (GAI-5) was used for 5 major drug groups for ACS. GAI was calculated as: number of patients using the prescribed medications/number of eligible patients multiplied by 100.Results: A total of 172 patients diagnosed with ACS. 64 (37.20%) Patients with the highest preponderance to ACS belonged to 51-60 years age group with a 4.73:1 male to female ratio. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (44.77%) was the most common diagnosis and an average of 14.66±4.34 drugs were prescribed. Majority of the patients opted for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without having received fibrinolytic therapy at onset. Adherence to the ACC/AHA guidelines being 93.75% and 118 prescriptions being 100% adherent to the guidelines. A positive correlation between adherence and number of drugs was statistically significant.Conclusions: The success of evidence-based medicine (EBM) was well noted with a 0% in hospital mortality rate i.e. all of the 172 patients were discharged with therapeutic success. Despite the concept of EBM and its proven effectiveness, there is a paucity of availability of such guidelines in India, so this study, a first of its kind can serve as a starting point of generating national as well as local guidelines.
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Dong, Shuqin, Hongfei Pan, and Long Miao. "On the 𝑝-closedness and 𝑝-nilpotency of finite groups." Journal of Group Theory 22, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jgth-2018-0154.
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Abstract Let {\operatorname{acd}(G)} and {\operatorname{acs}(G)} denote the average irreducible character degree and the average conjugacy class size, respectively, of a finite group G. The object of this paper is to prove that if \operatorname{acd}(G)<2(p+1)/(p+3) , then G=O_{p}(G)\times O_{{p^{\prime}}}(G) , and that if \operatorname{acs}(G)<4p/(p\kern-1.0pt+\kern-1.0pt3) , then G=O_{p}(G)\kern-1.0pt\times\kern-1.0ptO_{{p^{\prime}}}(G) with {O_{p}(G)} abelian, where p is a prime.
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Wang, Ri-si, Ya Li, Xi-xiang Shuai, Rui-hong Liang, Jun Chen, and Cheng-mei Liu. "Pectin/Activated Carbon-Based Porous Microsphere for Pb2+ Adsorption: Characterization and Adsorption Behaviour." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152453.
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The development of effective heavy metal adsorbents has always been the goal of environmentalists. Pectin/activated carbon microspheres (P/ACs) were prepared through simple gelation without chemical crosslinking and utilized for adsorption of Pb2+. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the addition of activated carbon increased the porosity of the microsphere. Texture profile analysis showed good mechanical strength of P/ACs compared with original pectin microspheres. Kinetic studies found that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rate was controlled by film diffusion. Adsorption isotherms were described well by a Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 279.33 mg/g. The P/ACs with the highest activated carbon (P/AC2:3) maintained a removal rate over 95.5% after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum and XPS analysis suggested a potential mechanism of adsorption are ion exchange between Pb2+ and Ca2+, electronic adsorption, formation of complexes, and physical adsorption of P/ACs. All the above results indicated the P/ACs may be a good candidate for the adsorption of Pb2+.
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Grinshtein, I. Yu, A. A. Savchenko, Yu I. Grinshtein, and I. I. Gvozdev. "METABOLISM AND CHEMILUMINESCENT ACTIVITY OF NEUTROPHILIC GRANULOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVITY TO ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME." Journal of Clinical Practice 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract8310-17.
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Objective: to study the features of the chemiluminescent state and the activity of NAD (P) -depen- dent dehydrogenases in neutrophilic granulocytes of blood in patients with different sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid (ACA) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Materials and methods: The study included 53 patients with ACS. Evaluation of resistance or sensitivity to ASA was performed in vitro by incubating platelet-rich plasma with adenosine diphosphate and ASA to determine the level of aggregation. The state of respiratory explosion of neutrophils was investigated by the method of chemiluminescence. The activity of enzymes in neutrophils was studied by the bioluminescent method.Results of the study: In patients with ACS-resistant ACS, the rate of synthesis of primary and secondary active forms of oxygen was reduced, and the index of luminol-dependent activation of neutrophils was reduced. The intensity of substrate stimulation of glycolysis and oxidation of glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway is increased.Conclusion: With resistance to ASA in patients with ACS, there are abnormalities in the metabolism and functional activity of neutrophils, which is of interest in studying the intercellular relationships of thrombus formation.
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Shukurova, S. M., R. H. Kabirzoda, G. M. Radzhabova, H. F. Rakhmatulloev, and A. I. Faizulloev. "Selection of a modern strategy for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome with elevated ST segment." Health care of Tajikistan, no. 3 (November 13, 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2022-354-3-119-127.
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The review is based on the analysis of current literature data on acute coronary syndrome (ACS): definition, epidemiology, classification, and methods of modern therapy methods. The article presents in detail the premedication and reperfusion strategies of introduction with an emphasis on a differential approach in the choice of therapy depending on the state of the ST-segment elevation. According to the literature the choice of treatment differs in patients with ACS with ST. The results of multicenter studies on the use of anticoagulant therapy in ACS and the need for double anticoagulant therapy against the background of the use of statins, ACE inhibitors, and beta blockers are presented.
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Koslanund, Rumphan, Douglas D. Archbold, and Kirk W. Pomper. "Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] Fruit Ripening. I. Ethylene Biosynthesis and Production." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 4 (July 2005): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.4.638.
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Pawpaw fruit ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities, and tissue content of the ethylene precursor ACC and conjugate malonyl-ACC (MACC) were measured during postharvest ripening. Fruit were harvested near the advent of the ripening process and were ripened at room temperature. The fruit displayed increases in ethylene production and respiration rate during ripening with maxima for both 3 days after harvest. Mean ethylene maxima on a fresh weight basis were 4.7 and 7.6 μg·kg-1·h-1 and mean respiratory (CO2 production) maxima on a fresh weight basis were 220 and 239 mg·kg-1·h-1 in 1999 and 2001, respectively. The increase in ethylene evolution coincided with an increase in respiration and a rapid decline in fruit firmness. Internal and external fruit firmness declined in a parallel manner. The ethylene climacteric peak occurred after the greatest decline in fruit firmness, indicating that low levels of ethylene may be sufficient to initiate the ripening process. The ethylene climacteric peak also coincided with the highest activities of both ACS and ACO as well as the maximum tissue ACC content. As ACC content increased, MACC content declined, suggesting a regulation of ethylene production via free ACC levels by malonylation of ACC. Thus, the climacteric development of ethylene production may be regulated by an increase of ACS activity and a decrease in ACC malonyltransferase activity, making more free ACC available for the production of ethylene by increased activity of ACO.
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Ardyanto, Tonang Dwi, and Tahono Tahono. "AKTIVITAS CKMB DAN MASA CKMB TERKAIT KARDIAK TROPONIN-I DALAM GEJALA KORONER AKUT." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 20, no. 1 (October 16, 2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v20i1.434.
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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death recently, including in Indonesia which is raised to 25%. Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is its common clinical manifestation. Therefore, the necessity for a sensitive as well as specific diagnostic biomarker for ACS should be addressed in discriminating the ACS patient and its related risks. The diagnostic sensitivity of characteristic electrocardiography pattern in ACS cases were reported to be variatively between 55–75%. In laboratory diagnostic, ACS markers among others are CKMB activity, CKMB mass as well as Cardiac Troponin-T and Troponin-I (cTnT and cTnI). Currently, cTnI is the gold standard. The present study is to know the analysing of the CKMB activity as well as the mass diagnostic performance in the detectionof ACS in the patient presenting with chest-pain at RSDM, by using cTnI as the standard of reference. As many 30 samples, 18−65 years old, were selected trough incidental sampling method from the subjects presenting with chest-pain no longer than 6 hrs before admission. The blood samples were drawn at admission and 6 hrs afterward. The CKMB activity (immunoinhibition assay), CKMB mass (ELFA) and cTnI (ELFA) measurement were performed on each sample. The analysis showed that cTnI cut-off on 0.1 μg/L (ESC/ACC 2000) was most optimal in the laboratory diagnostic of ACS compared to that of 0.01 μg/L (ESC/ACC 2007 update) and 1.0 μg/L (WHO). Using the cTnI cut-off on 0.1 μg/L, on admission (0 hr) the diagnostic efficiency of CKMB mass was 56.7% while that of CKMB activity was 60.0%. While on the serial measurement (6 hrs), the diagnostic efficiency of CKMB mass was 76.6% while that of CKMB activity was 56.7%. The results showed that by serial measurements, CKMB mass is superior than CKMB activity in the diagnosis of ACS in patient presenting with chest-pain. Further researches are necessary to elaborate the comparison elucidatively. The results of the study considered that in designing the protocol for laboratory examination should carried out in patient presenting with chest pain.
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Pessoa, João Paulo de Morais, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de Oliveira, Ricardo Antônio Gonçalves Teixeira, Cristiane Lopes Simão Lemos, and Nelson Filice de Barros. "Controle da dengue: os consensos produzidos por Agentes de Combate às Endemias e Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre as ações integradas." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 21, no. 8 (August 2016): 2329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015218.05462016.
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Resumo A dengue é um dos principais desafios de saúde pública no Brasil e as atividades de prevenção e controle dessa patologia vêm sendo baseadas na estratégia de gestão integrada proposta em políticas de saúde, nas quais os atores centrais são o Agente de Combate à Endemias (ACE) e o Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS). O estudo objetivou analisar os consensos produzidos pelos ACS e ACE sobre estas ações integradas com a implantação da Portaria de Incorporação dos ACE nas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com a realização de grupo focal com profissionais de um município de grande porte e com endemia de dengue do Brasil. O encontro foi gravado e as falas transcritas por meio da Análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, com apoio do WebQDA. Os resultados apontam consenso em relação a: I) dificuldade no processo de integração do ACS e ACE para o controle da dengue; II) inclusão dos ACE na atenção primária na ESF; III) inexistencia de acompanhamento e avaliação das ações integradas. Conclui-se que é necessário sensibilizar os participantes, buscando mudanças de comportamento, oferecer um ambiente de suporte aos envolvidos com cursos de capacitação sobre dengue, acompanhar o processo de integração e avaliar periodicamente criando indicadores de qualidade e quantidade.
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Prashanth, DC, SureshV Sagarad, and MohammedEmad Hussain. "ACS complication." APIK Journal of Internal Medicine 9, no. 1 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ajim.ajim_89_19.
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&NA;. "ACS Report." Oncology Times 36, no. 12 (June 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000451732.80420.fa.
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&NA;. "ACS Report." Oncology Times 25, no. 16 (August 2003): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000291038.56090.08.
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PETERSON, BARBARA J. "acs comment." Chemical & Engineering News 74, no. 47 (November 18, 1996): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n047.p035.
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