Journal articles: 'Acrylonitrile Analysis'

1

Yasinee, Wuttison, Thongyai Supakanok, Wacharawichanant Sirirat, and Piyasan Praserthdam. "Study on the Properties of Blends between Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene or Poly(Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile)." Advanced Materials Research 812 (September 2013): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.812.192.

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Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) or nitrile rubber is an unsaturated copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile. NBR has been widely used for fuel hoses, seals and gaskets due to its excellent oil and fuel resistance. Aiming to develop NBR which has resistance to oxygenated solvent, NBR with acrylonitrile content of 34 wt%, was blended with Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and Poly (Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile) (SAN) as binary polymer systems. The NBR/ABS and SAN blends were prepared by mechanical blending in the composition of 80/20, 70/30 and 60/40 w/w. The effects of ABS or SAN content on mechanical, morphological and thermal properties were investigated and compared with commercials NBR. Mechanical properties were determined using the tensile testing machine. The morphologies of polymer blends were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thermal properties were examined using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It has been found that percent compatibility of ABS and SAN into NBR rich phase are 2.69 and 1.53 wt% respectively.

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Long, G., M. E. Meek, and D. Koniecki. "ACRYLONITRILE: HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPOSURE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2001): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/gnc-100103580.

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3

Jeżewska, Anna. "Akrylonitryl. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy Anna Jeżewska, Agnieszka Woźnica." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 37, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54215/pimosp/3.110.2021.

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Acrylonitrile (AN) is highly flammable, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Acrylonitrile is used in industry to produce polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and its copolymers. Acrylonitrile can cause cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining acrylonitrile in workplace air which will allow determination of its concentrations at the level of 0.1 mg/m3 . The method was based on adsorption of acrylonitrile vapors on activated carbon, desorption with acetone solution in carbon disulfide and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The study was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a DB-VRX capillary column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 1.4 µm). The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of Standard No. EN 482. The method allows the determination of acrylonitrile in workplace air at the concentration range from 0.1 to 2 mg/m3. The method for determining acrylonitrile has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

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Hegazi, Elham M., HM Eyssa, and AA Abd El-Megeed. "Effect of nanofiller on the ageing of rubber seal materials under gamma irradiation." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 15 (January 11, 2019): 2065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318819178.

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The effect of high gamma irradiation and nanosilica on the structure and mechanical properties of the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber seal materials was investigated in this study. Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites containing (25, 50 and 75 phr) unmodified and modified nanosilica were irradiated at different doses (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 MGy). The dispersion of nanosilica-based filler in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber was investigated by scanning electron microscope. Fourier-transform infrared analysis, swelling, crosslinking, mechanical and the thermal resistance properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites were investigated. From the results, it is clear that with modified nanosilica, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber phase crosslinking is accelerated with increasing γ-doses compared to unmodified nanosilica and seems to enhance physical, mechanical and the thermal properties of the rubber. The surface of the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscope and found better dispersion for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber with 25 phr of modified nanosilica at 0.6 MGy. The compression set of the results indicated that 25 phr modified nanosilica has best properties under high gamma irradiation.

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Poustková, I., J. Poustka, L. Babička, and J. Dobiáš. "Acrylonitrile in food contact materials – two different legislative approaches: comparison of direct determination with indirect evaluation using migration into food simulants." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 25, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/678-cjfs.

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In this study, the comparison was carried out of two different legislative approaches for acrylonitrile content assessment in food contact materials based on the former analysis using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous detection, and the recent evaluation using acrylonitrile migration into food simulants – distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol, and 95% ethanol, based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Different samples were tested: 7 kitchen device parts and 16 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and styrene-acrylonitrile granulates. The level of acrylonitrile content in founded polymer mass was in the range from 0.4 to 25.1 mg/kg in the case of kitchen device parts, and from 6.2 to 283.9 mg/kg in the case of granulates. The highest migration of acrylonitrile in food simulants for kitchen device parts and granulates was found to be 5.2 µg/dm2 (3% acetic acid) and 9.6 µg/dm2 (95% ethanol), respectively. A correlation of the results obtained by two different methodologies was tested, but no evident relation was found between acrylonitrile content in the polymer mass and its migrations into food simulants. Based on the realised experiments, no equivalence of the approaches compared was proved.

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Moldoveanu, SC. "Analysis of Acrylonitrile and alpha-Methacrylonitrile in Vapor Phase of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Using a Charcoal Trap for Collection." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0892.

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AbstractA simple procedure for the collection of vapor phase (VP) of mainstream cigarette smoke for analysis has been developed. This procedure consists of collecting the VP on a commercial charcoal trap (ORBO™-32) followed by dissolution in acetone. The acetone extract can be analyzed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. A qualitative analysis of the collected VP has been performed for 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarette, allowing the identification of 138 compounds, some compounds being present in both VP and in particulate phase (PP) of cigarette smoke. A quantitative analysis method for acrylonitrile and α-methacrylonitrile (2-methyl-2-propenenitrile) was also developed, and the level of these compounds in 15 different cigarette brands was measured. Acrylonitrile quantitation was selected since this compound in smoke poses significant health related issues. α-Methacrylonitrile quantitation was selected due to the similar structure of this compound with acrylonitrile. The analyzed cigarettes were several Kentucky reference cigarettes including 1R5F, 2R4F, 3R4F, 2R1F, and 1R3F, several King Size (KS) commercial cigarettes from the US market including Basic Non Filter (NF), Basic Ultra Lights (UL), Newport, Marlboro (Red), Marlboro Menthol, Camel Filter, Camel Lights, Camel Ultra Lights, and two herbal cigarettes, Ecstasy and Dreams. The results for acrylonitrile were in very good agreement with data reported in the literature for 2R4F and 1R5F cigarettes. The levels of α-methacrylonitrile were not previously reported. The correlation between the levels of acrylonitrile and of α-methacrylonitrile with the (wet) total particulate matter (TPM) was evaluated. Although the levels of acrylonitrile and of α-methacrylonitrile in mainstream smoke depend on the TPM values, the correlation is not very strong, indicating that the nature of the cigarette blend and possible other factors in cigarette construction also influence their levels in smoke. The collection method used in this study allows the subsequent dissolution of VP in a much smaller volume of solvent compared to other methods that use impingers, allows the use of standard GC/MS autosamplers for liquid injection and simple addition of internal standards compared to the methods that use gas bags, and allows a simple and immediate collection of VP as it leaves the Cambridge filter pad. These characteristics represent significant advantages versus other methods commonly used for VP analysis.

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7

Nowicki, H. G., and B. Nowrcki. "Use of Commercial Acrylonitrile Standard for Wastewater Analysis." Analytical Letters 19, no. 21-22 (January 1986): 2095–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032718608080868.

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8

Chang, Shing-Hwa. "Thermal analysis of acrylonitrile copolymers containing methyl acrylate." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54, no. 3 (October 17, 1994): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540314.

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9

Suresh, Sunil S., Smita Mohanty, and Sanjay K. Nayak. "Influence of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber on recyclability of blends prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate)." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 6 (May 4, 2018): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18771164.

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The current investigation deals with the recycling possibilities of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) in the presence of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Recycled blends of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) are successfully formed from the plastic constituents, those are recovered from waste computer products. However, lower impact performance of the blend and lower stability of the poly(vinyl chloride) phase in the recycled blend restricts its further usage in industrial purposes. Therefore, effective utilisation acrylonitrile butadiene rubber in a recycled blend was considered for improving mechanical and thermal performance. Incorporation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber resulted in the improvement in impact performance as well as elongation-at-break of the recycled blend. The optimum impact performance was found in the blend with 9 wt% acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, which shows 363% of enhancement as compared with its parent blend. Moreover, incorporated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber also stabilises the poly(vinyl chloride) phase present in the recycled blend, similarly Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicate the interactions of various functionalities present in the recycled blend and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. In addition to this, thermogravimetric analysis indicates the improvement in the thermal stability of the recycled blend after the addition of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber into it. The existence of partial miscibility in the recycled blend was identified using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy.

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10

Zhang, X., and V. K. Berry. "Quantitative image analysis of polymer blends." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172334.

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Quantitative image analysis is important in understanding the role of microstructure in polymer blend properties, as revealed by the TEM. This paper presents an example of the application of the image analysis method to the study of structure/property relationship of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer.ABS is a rubber-toughened two-phase polymer blend. As shown in Figure 1, the microstructure of ABSconsists of small rubber particles embedded in a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) matrix. The morphologies of these blends, which depend on the polymerization conditions, play a key role to the overall physical and mechanical properties of the blends. The quantitative characterization of the rubber phase involves measuring its volume fraction as well as the particle size distribution.Four ABS samples, available commercially, with different levels of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR),were used in this study. The samples were block stained, using osmium tctroxide (OsO4) solution, and thin sectioned in an ultramicrotome.The thin sections were examined in a JEM-100CX II TEM, operated at 60KV. The representative images were acquired on a SEMICAPS Imaging System using a GATAN CCD TV rate camera.

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11

Biswas, Shreyas. "Experimental Investigation and Design Analysis of Hollow Glass Microsphere loaded PP/ABS Composites." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39867.

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Abstract: The objective of the present is to investigate hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) experimentally and carry out design analysis of hollow glass microsphere loaded PP/ABS composites. The tensile and notched Charpy impact test of HGM-filled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and Polypropylene (PP) composites will be studied with varying the concentrations of PP/ABS composite with HGM. Also further the design analysis will be studied by conducting the simulation under the same criteria and comparing the results at the end. This is done to introduce a light weight material without compromising specific strength of PP/ABS composite by adding HGM to the composite. Keywords: Hollow Glass Microsphere (HGM), ABS-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, PP- Polypropylene, Composites.

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12

De Sarkar, Mousumi, Wataru Nishino, Yuhei Ishigaki, and Takashi Sunada. "Introduction to the New Copolymer of Chloroprene and Acrylonitrile with Differentiated Properties." Advances in Polymer Technology 2021 (July 21, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9955850.

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The random copolymer of chloroprene and acrylonitrile is a newly developed rubber whose features and value propositions are not scientifically explored yet. This article focuses on the basic characterizations and properties of acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber. Qualitative analyses through infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra confirm the presence of both the -Cl and -CN groups in the new rubber. As evidenced through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), the single glass transition temperature of acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber reflects its monophasic random microstructure. While compared against commercial grades of chloroprene rubber (CR) and nitrile rubber (NBR), the new rubber provides a distinctive combination of properties that are not available with either of the elastomer alone. Acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber demonstrates slightly lower specific gravity, an improved low-temperature compression set, higher flex-fatigue resistance, and lower volume swelling in IRM 903 and Fuel C to chloroprene rubber. As compared to nitrile rubber, the new copolymer shows appreciably better heat aging and ozone resistance. Good abrasion resistance, low heat buildup, and remarkably high flex-fatigue resistance indicate excellent durability of the acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber under dynamic loading. Based on the preliminary results, it is apparent that the new copolymer can be a candidate elastomer for various industrial applications which demand good fluid resistance, high heat and low-temperature tolerances, good weatherability, and durability under static and dynamic conditions.

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13

Du, Zhao, Qian Liu, and Yuxuan Yang. "The catalytic kinetics and cfd simulation of multi-stage combined removal of acrylonitrile tail gas." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 7 (2021): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/7/115.

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There is no kinetic data and rate equation that can be used directly for catalytic combustion of acrylonitrile tail gas, which leads to the multi-stage combined catalytic kinetic model of acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal. In the actual application process, affected by the internal and external diffusion, this paper proposes the multi-stage combined catalytic kinetic research and CFD simulation analysis of acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal. Based on the judgment of multi-stage combined catalytic reaction rules of acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal, the multi-stage combined catalytic reaction network of acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal is solved by matrix transformation. The possible reaction path in the multi-stage combined catalytic reaction network of acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal is solved. For quantitative calculation of product distribution, each step of reaction parameters and dynamic factors are required. According to the mechanism of positive carbon ion reaction, materials were used Studio software and genetic algorithm are used to calculate the dynamic factors and determine the dynamic parameters; the grid automatic generator AutoGrid5 embedded in the Fine/TurboTM software package is used to generate the CFD simulation network, and the iterative algorithm is used to calculate the limit value of the CFD simulation; the S-A model in the CFD simulation platform is used to get the modified value of the dynamic mathematical model, and the dynamic factors and parameters are brought into it to establish the CA mathematical model of multi-stage combined catalytic kinetics for the CO removal of olefine and nitrile tail gas. The experimental results show that, under the same experimental device and parameters, the internal and external diffusion effects of the multi-stage combined catalytic kinetic model of acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal are detected. The multi-stage combined catalytic kinetic model of acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal in this study uses 10-20 mesh catalyst, and the retention time of acrylonitrile tail gas is less than 4.62 s, the internal and external diffusion will not affect the acrylonitrile tail gas collaborative removal The practical application of the kinetic model for the removal of multi-stage combined catalysis.

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Oral, Mehmet A., Osman G. Ersoy, and Ersin İ. Serhatli. "Effect of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends on dimensional stability, morphological, physical and mechanical properties and after aging at elevated temperature." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 394–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087918768348.

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A melt blending method was used to prepare acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer and polyethylene terephthalate blends to develop a new blend which can withstand higher temperatures required especially for automotive or home appliance paint curing processes. Blends were characterized by rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Dimensional stability at 125°C was used to correlate with injection molded part shrinkage. The melt viscosity–composition curves for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends exhibited a trend like the rule of mixtures in which adding acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene to polyethylene terephthalate improved the processability. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed different morphologies depending on the composition such as dispersed, co-continuous and phase inverted, which indicated that the binary blends were immiscible and form a two-phase structure. Tensile properties increased with an increase in the polyethylene terephthalate content while the unnotched impact strength reached a maximum at 40 wt.% acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene content. In differential scanning calorimetry analysis, no partial miscibility was observed from the polyethylene terephthalate phase melting temperature shifts as compared to those of the neat component. Also, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene phases acted as nucleating agents due to change in polyethylene terephthalate cold crystallization temperature. In applied post shrinkage measurements by heat aging, we saw that the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene dimensional stability was improved with added polyethylene terephthalate.

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Moreno, Miguel, Alberto Calio, Nancy Quaranta, and Adrian Cristobal. "Analysis of various polymer parts in contact with biodiesel." Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering 2, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jarte.2021.14771.

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In this paper, several parts consisting of polymeric materials are studied, in order to determine if they are affected when they are kept in contact with biodiesel at constant temperature and pressure. The samples used are constituted by polymers of silicone (S), acrylonitrile (AN) and propylene hexafluor (Viton-V7). These materials have been selected for investigation because they form part of an industrial process in which they are used, and have been observed early wear characteristics thereof. They consist of seals and cords which are in contact with biodiesel. These materials were kept immersed in biodiesel at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 40°C for time periods up to 120 days. Virgins tested ones are characterized by various techniques: OM, SEM, XRD, DTA-TGA, among others. Viton sample was the least affected by treatment, while the acrylonitrile sample is the one that has shown the greatest variations.

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Abbott, Thomas P., Frederick C. Felker, and Robert Kleiman. "FT-IR Microspectroscopy: Sample Preparation and Analysis of Biopolymers." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 2 (February 1993): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934048299.

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Samples of seed, stem, woody, and proteinaceous tissue were examined by FT-IR microspectroscopy. Methods of mounting samples for examination are described. Either they were immersed in D2O, embedded in either paraffin wax, epoxy, or vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, or they were examined without an embedding matrix.

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SPONSIELLO-WANG, ZHENG, EDWARD SANDERS, and ROLF WEITKUNAT. "Occupational Acrylonitrile Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 24, no. 2 (December 2006): 257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10590500601006715.

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Yang, Shuying, Jose Rafael Castilleja, E. V. Barrera, and Karen Lozano. "Thermal analysis of an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/SWNT composite." Polymer Degradation and Stability 83, no. 3 (March 2004): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.08.002.

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Rezaie, Fatemeh, Vahid Pirouzfar, and Afshar Alihosseini. "Technical and economic analysis of acrylonitrile production from polypropylene." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 16 (May 2020): 100463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2019.100463.

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Trochimczuk, A., J. Pielichowski, and B. N. Kolarz. "Thermogravimetric analysis of acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate-divinylbenzene macroporous terpolymers." European Polymer Journal 26, no. 9 (January 1990): 959–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(90)90108-g.

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Muhammad Yusuf Nurfani. "ANALYSIS OF FLAME RETARDANT POLYPROPYLENE FOR PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING USING BROMINATED AROMATIC COMPOUND." International Journal Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/ijst.v1i2.97.

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Flame Retardant (FR) is a type of thermoplastic material that is resistant to fire. Application of FR on various types of plastic resins such as polypropylene (PP), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and other types of plastic resins. This study discusses the analysis of Brominated Aromatic Compound as a mixture of Polypropylene to produce PP-FR types for plastic injection molding with the material formulation method to perform a flame retardant test on the results of the specimens that have been made. This study shows that PP material and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene can bind scanning microscopes with ×15,000 and ×30,000 zoom. The extrusion process results did not experience cracks after going through a chamber test of -5 ◦C to 70 ◦C for 120 hours on the specimen. In addition, the results of the flame retardant test fire can die in under 2 seconds

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Brčić, Marino, Sanjin Kršćanski, and Josip Brnić. "Rotating Bending Fatigue Analysis of Printed Specimens from Assorted Polymer Materials." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071020.

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF), as a form of additive manufacturing (AM), in recent years, has become a popular method to manufacture prototypes, as well as functional parts. FFF is an extrusion process, commonly known as 3D printing, where the object is built by depositing melted material layer by layer. The most common materials, i.e., the materials that are most widely used, are polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA). Although there are lot of research papers that cover the subject of the determination of mechanical properties and characteristics, theoretically and experimentally, as well as the fatigue characteristics of aforementioned materials, there is a lack of research and scientific papers dealing with the problematics of S–N curves based on the rotating bending fatigue analysis of those materials. Consequently, this paper covers the topic of rotating bending fatigue data for 3D printed specimens of given materials, under different loading values.

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Rwei, Syang-Peng, Tun-Fun Way, Whe-Yi Chiang, and Jen-Chun Tseng. "Thermal analysis and melt spinnability of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-dimethyl itaconate) copolymers." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 13 (April 11, 2017): 1479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517703597.

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This work investigated the cyclization possibility and melt spinnability of carbon fiber precursors, poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (AN/MA) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-dimethyl itaconate) (AN/DMI). The onset temperature of cyclization of the AN/DMI copolymer is lower than that of the AN/MA copolymer and also the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) homopolymer. The enthalpy ( ΔH) of the AN/DMI copolymer is about 3–4 times that of the PAN homopolymer and about 1.8 times that of the AN/MA copolymer, indicating that the degree of cyclization of the AN/DMI copolymer is relatively higher. The melt dwell time of the AN/DMI copolymer is increased to about 3–5 times that of the AN/MA copolymer, especially when synthesized with a feed molar ratio of AN/DMI = 85/15. The AN/DMI copolymer (AN/DMI = 85/15) has the longest melt dwell time, 24.8 min, at the lowest melting temperature, 190oC, among all the PAN-related copolymers synthesized herein. Furthermore, the AN/DMI copolymer (AN/DMI = 85/15) can be rapidly cyclized at the cyclization temperature of 260℃, which is 25℃ lower than that of the AN/MA copolymer (AN/MA = 85/15). In short, this work demonstrates that the carbon fiber precursor made by the AN/DMI copolymer (AN/DMI = 85/15) will be superior to that of the AN/MA copolymer (AN/MA = 85/15) with respect to the melt spinnability and cyclization at low temperature.

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Sargent, M., J. L. Koenig, and N. L. Maecker. "FT-IR Analysis of the Monomer Sequence Distribution of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers." Applied Spectroscopy 45, no. 10 (December 1991): 1726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702914335283.

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The infrared spectra for a series of random styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers of various compositions were analyzed to determine the dependence of the individual spectral peaks on the copolymer composition. Correlations were established to relate changes in the peak positions and intensities to changes in the copolymer composition and monomer sequence distribution. It was found that a number of peaks shift to higher frequencies as the amount of acrylonitrile in the SAN copolymer is increased while others shift to lower frequencies. It was also found that some peak positions are unaffected by changes in the copolymer composition. The intensities of the spectral peaks were also analyzed as a function of the copolymer content by plotting changes in the intensity values against the number fraction of each of the possible monad, dyad, and triad structures. A peak was then determined to result from a given microstructure if there exists a positive linear relationship between the peak intensity and the number fraction of this microstructure.

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Cañavate, J., F. Carrasco, P. Pagès, and X. Colom. "Image Analysis of Elastomer Morphology in Toughened Thermoplastic and Thermoset Resins." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 7 (October 2005): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300703.

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A thermoplastic polystyrene-based material with styrene-butadiene-styrene dispersed particles and a thermoset polyester toughened with butadiene-acrylonitrile particles were studied. Photomicrographs of materials that had different proportions of elastomer were processed and the images analysed. The changes in the morphological characteristics were correlated with the fracture toughness and modulus of elasticity.

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Zhang, Yan Hong, Yan Wang, Xian Chao Kong, and Dong Mei Zhao. "The Polarity of poly(methyl methacrylate) Copolymers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4411.

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Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is known as one of the common transparent polymer materials. In this work, pure poly (methyl methacrylate), methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer was synthesized by bulk polymerization based on the mechanism of free radical polymerization to observe the polarity change of the PMMA after introducing styrene and acrylonitrile monomers. Meanwhile the glass transition temperature, hardness, contact angle and color distribution of the copolymer were measured through polymer temperature deformation analysis experiment, hardness and contact angle measuring instrument.

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JANOWSKA, GRAZYNA, LUDOMIR SLUSARSKI, and PRZEMYSLAW RYBINSKI. "Thermal analysis of swollen sulfur vulcanizates of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber." Polimery 50, no. 03 (March 2005): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2005.196.

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Edwards, H. G. M., A. F. Johnson, I. R. Lewis, and J. M. G. Cowie. "Raman spectroscopic analysis of the microstructures of butadiene—Acrylonitrile copolymers." Polymer International 31, no. 4 (1993): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4990310413.

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Sargent, M., J. L. Koenig, and N. L. Maecker. "FT-IR analysis of the photooxidation of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers." Polymer Degradation and Stability 39, no. 3 (January 1993): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(93)90011-7.

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Mansour, Michel Theodor, Konstantinos Tsongas, and Dimitris Tzetzis. "The mechanical performance of 3D printed hierarchical honeycombs using carbon fiber and carbon nanotube reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filaments." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801049.

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The aim of this paper is to design hierarchical honeycombs as well as manufacturing such structures with a commercial 3D Printer using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique. The materials under study are commercial filaments such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/carbon fibers (ABS/CF) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/carbon nanotubes (ABS/CNTs). The fabricated hierarchical honeycombs were examined by compression tests in order to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of such honeycomb 3D printed structures. The compression behaviour of the hierarchical honeycombs was assessed also with finite element analysis (FEA) and at the end there was a comparison with the experimental findings. The results reveal that the 2nd order hierarchy presented an increase both in stiffness and strength in comparison with the 0th and the 1st hierarchies which make such designs a suitable for structures require such properties. Also, the results reveal that ABS/carbon fiber constructs outperform the other materials under study.

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Gao, Jing. "Influence of Alkali Treatment on Properties of Casein Grafted Acrylonitrile Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2532.

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Casein grafted acrylonitrile fibers were treated by different concentration alkali solutions. The fibers component were investigated using chemical analysis before and after alkali treatment. The effects of alkali pH value on homopolymer PAN, free casein, grafted casein and grafting degree of the fibers were discussed individually. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the fibers treated by alkali at various pH values were tested, and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting fibers mechanical properties were analyzed. The results can play a certain reference role to the early manufacture and finishing process of casein grafted acrylonitrile fibers.

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Bakthadoss, M., R. Selvakumar, R. Madhanraj, and S. Murugavel. "2-[Hydroxy(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]acrylonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 8 (July 18, 2012): o2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812031728.

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In the title compound, C11H11NO2, the mean planes formed by the benzene ring and the C and N atoms of the acryl group are almost orthogonal to each other, with a dihedral angle of 85.7 (1)°. During the structure analysis, it was observed that the unit cell contains large accessible voids, with a volume of 186.9 Å3, which may host disordered solvent molecules. This affects the diffraction pattern, mostly at low scattering angles. Density identified in these solvent-accessible areas was calculated and corrected for using the SQUEEZE routine inPLATON[Spek (2009),Acta Cryst.D65, 148–155]. Despite the presence of the hydroxy group in the molecule, no classical or nonclassical hydrogen bonds are observed in the structure. This may reflect the fact that the O—H group points towards the solvent-accessible void.

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Romanko, O. I., and E. A. Eliseeva. "On the effect of the flexibility parameter on thermodynamic properties of acrylonitrile and methylvinylpyridine copolymers." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 1 (88) (February 2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-1-71-79.

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We used thermal analysis to investigate the effects of temperature (20--300 °C) on the behaviour of acrylonitrile and methylvinylpyridine copolymers and determine the temperature ranges in which segmental mobility develops in them, as well as their glass transition temperatures. Data obtained via differential thermal analysis allowed us to compute activation energies for vitrification processes in copolymers of the series specified and to plot vitrification temperature as a function of copolymer composition. We used the method of increments to compute flexibility parameters for acrylonitrile and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and analyse the effects of flexibility parameters on the manifestation of relaxation processes. The data obtained may be used to amend manufacturing parameters when developing chemisorptive filter materials based on the specified copolymer series.

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Connon, Robert, Laura Carroll, and Patrick J. Guiry. "A Base-Promoted One-Pot Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation/Michael Addition of 4-Substituted Indoles." Synthesis 52, no. 08 (October 30, 2019): 1215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690241.

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Herein, we report a base-promoted Zn(II)–bis(oxazoline)-catalyzed one-pot Friedel–Crafts alkylation/Michael addition of 3-(indol-4-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives with trans-β-nitrostyrenes to yield the tricyclic core of the ergoline skeleton in up to 71% yield and 85% ee. During the purification of 3-(indol-4-yl)acrylonitrile, the key substrate for catalytic studies, a novel trans-cis-trans-cyclobutane derivative, thought to be formed via a [2+2] light-promoted cycloaddition, was identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Finally, a novel class of 4-substituted bis(indole)methane derivatives were serendipitously prepared in excellent yield by reacting 4-substituted indole derivatives with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. One bis(indole)methane was characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

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35

Adachi, Sho Hei, Li Min Bao, and Osamu Yamazaki. "Structural Analysis of a Teat Cup Liner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.675.

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This study attempts to analyze the structure of the thin-walled part in the teat cup liner for FEM by the finite-element method (FEM) and to determine the most suitable structure for it. For the first step, we prepared a specimen liner made from NBR (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber) and silicon rubber (made by ORION MACHINERY CO., LTD.) and conducted tensile and compression tests for mechanical scraping properties of rubber Data. We then analyzed the thin-walled part using SolidWorks Simulation (SolidWorks Corporation) for finite-element analysis in liner process from expression of milk into nipple massage.

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Leão, Rosineide M., Luiz CC Jesus, Paula T. Bertuoli, Ademir J. Zattera, João MLL Maia, Claudio Henrique S. del Menezzi, Sandro C. Amico, and Sandra M. da Luz. "Production and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals/ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (May 28, 2020): 4207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320927773.

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The use of cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in polymers brings challenges mainly related to the dry thermal processing, and their adhesion and dispersion in the matrix. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals from sugarcane bagasse was used as reinforcement in nanocomposites of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. Thus, the main objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical and thermal performance of cellulose nanocrystals/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (CNC/ABS) nanocomposites as a function of cellulose nanocrystals type and content. More specifically, to study the effects of the chemical interaction between acrylonitrile groups from ABS and hydroxyl groups from cellulose. The ABS and the nanocomposites, reinforced with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% nanocrystals, were obtained by extrusion and then injection molded to obtain specimens for testing. Mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, rheology and thermogravimetric analysis were used for characterization. The main results are related to increased impact strength, elastic modulus, storage modulus and viscosity of the nanocomposite compared to ABS. However, tensile strength and thermal stability decreased. Therefore, if higher tensile properties are needed, the CNC220/ABS nanocomposites should be preferred whereas, for impact, CNC150/ABS. Thus, there is a general improvement in properties up to 0.5% cellulose nanocrystals content, which is followed by a loss in properties for higher content.

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Hill, D. J. T., J. H. O'donnell, and L. Remphrey. "Analysis of the Terpolymerization of Acrylonitrile, Styrene, and 2,4,6=Tribromophenyl Acrylate." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 29, no. 9 (September 1992): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601329208054118.

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Ge, Anka, Lei Ni, and Lijing Zhang. "Thermokinetic Parameters Analysis and Incompatible Hazard Evaluation of Acrylonitrile by DSC." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 51, no. 3 (2018): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.17we210.

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Choi, Sung-Seen, and Yun-Ki Kim. "Analysis of residual monomers in poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)." Macromolecular Research 20, no. 6 (January 25, 2012): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-012-0080-8.

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Zhang, Shuxian, Yanjin Dang, Xuepeng Ni, Chunshun Yuan, Huifang Chen, and Anqi Ju. "Preparation and Stabilization of High Molecular Weight Poly (acrylonitrile-co-2-methylenesuccinamic acid) for Carbon Fiber Precursor." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223862.

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Bifunctional comonomer 2-methylenesuccinamic acid (MLA) was designed and synthesized to prepare acrylonitrile copolymer P (AN-co-MLA) using mixed solvent polymerization as a carbon fiber precursor. The effect of monomer feed ratios on the structure and stabilization were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic (1H NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the P (AN-co-MLA) copolymers. The results indicated that both the conversion and molecular weight of polymerization reduce gradually when the MLA content is increased in the feed and that bifunctional comonomer MLA possesses a larger reactivity ratio than acrylonitrile (AN). P (AN-co-MLA) shows improved stabilization compared to the PAN homopolymer and poly (acrylonitrile-acrylic acid-methacrylic acid) [P (AN-AA-MA)], showing features such as lower initiation temperature, smaller cyclic activation energy, wider exothermic peak, and a larger stabilization degree, which are due to the ionic cyclization reaction initiated by MLA, confirming that the as-prepared P (AN-co-MLA) is the potential precursor for high-performance carbon fiber.

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Gnatowski, Adam, Rafał Gołębski, and Piotr Sikora. "Analysis of thermomechanical properties of polymeric materials produced by a 3D printing method." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20191102120738.

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A comparative analysis of the thermomechanical properties of semicrystalline and amorphous polymeric materials was carried out. Samples were produced by using a 3D printing technology on the SIGNAL printer - ATMAT. The following polymeric materials were used to make the samples: TPU-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, ABScopolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, Nosewood, PET-ethylene terephthalate, PLA-poly (lactic acid). The research included a thermal analysis of the dynamic properties (DMTA) of manufactured materials.

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MATSUSHITA, Akira, Yukio MINAMI, Toshiyuki MITSUI, and Yukihiro OZAKI. "Measurement of Mixing Ratio of Acrylonitrile, Butadiene, and Styrene in Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer by Different Calculation Method of Regression Analysis." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 55, no. 8 (2006): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.561.

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43

Mathew, Chithra M., K. Kesavan, and S. Rajendran. "Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of PMMA Based Gel Electrolyte Membranes." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/494308.

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New gel polymer electrolytes containing poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(methyl methacrylate) are prepared by solution casting method. With the addition of 60 wt.% of EC to PVdC-AN/PMMA blend, ionic conductivity value0.398×10-6 S cm−1has been achieved. XRD and FT-IR studies have been conducted to investigate the structure and complexation in the polymer gel electrolytes. The FT-IR spectra show that the functional groups C=O and C≡N play major role in ion conduction. Thermal stability of the prepared membranes is found to be about 180°C.

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Zhou, Ji, Deshu Gao, Zhaohui Li, Gangtie Lei, Tiepeng Zhao, and Xiaohua Yi. "Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes prepared by in situ polymerization on the surface of nanoparticles for lithium-ion polymer batteries." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 11 (August 6, 2010): 2167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-11-19.

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A kind of nanocomposite polymer based on poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate) [P(AN-MMA)] copolymer was prepared by in situ polymerization of monomers on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, which come from the hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4. Analysis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicated that the acrylonitrile (AN) monomers copolymerized with the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers by breaking their own double bonds. The dependence of ionic conductivity on temperature for the resulting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) followed the Arrhenius equation. The ionic conductivity of the NCPE was 1.12 × 10–3 S cm–1 at room temperature when the nanocomposite polymer membrane (NPM) contained 10.8 % of mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles.

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Huang, Wei Wei, and Bei Guo. "The Functional Requirements Analysis of A/W High Altitude Cleaning Overall Materials." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.551.

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The high altitude cleaning work is usually carried out far away from the ground; the special environment and work content make the special demands on overall materials. This paper chooses 8 kinds of materials, measure their air permeability, moisture penetrability, waterproofness, abrasive performance and antistatic property. Based on the comprehensive consideration, select the Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer with antistatic property and waterproofness as the primary material, use other materials at local areas according to the specific requirements as to optimize the function.

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Adeyi, Abel A., Siti N. A. M. Jamil, Luqman C. Abdullah, and Thomas S. Y. Choong. "Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye from Liquid Phase Using Hydrophilic Thiourea-Modified Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid): Kinetic and Isotherm Studies." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4321475.

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Thiourea-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (TU-poly(AN-co-AA)) adsorbent was a surface modification of poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) synthesized by facile redox polymerization. Surface functionalization with thiourea was carried out to provide hydrophilicity on the surface of a polymeric adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Zetasizer characterized the morphology and structures of TU-poly(AN-co-AA). Copolymerization of poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) and its successful incorporation of the thioamide group was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. The SEM micrographs depicted uniform and porous surface morphologies of polymeric particles. The average diameter of modified and unmodified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) was 289 nm and 279 nm, respectively. Zeta potentials of TU-poly(AN-co-AA) revealed the negatively charged surface of the prepared polymer. Adsorption capacities of hydrophilic TU-poly(AN-co-AA) were investigated using malachite green (MG) as an adsorbate by varying experimental conditions (pH, initial concentration, and temperature). Results showed that the pseudo-second-order reaction model best described the adsorption process with chemisorption being the rate-limiting step. Furthermore, Elovich and intraparticle diffusions play a significant role in adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium isotherm has its fitness in the following order: Freundlich model > Temkin model > Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the sorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The reusability results suggested potential applications of the TU-poly(AN-co-AA) polymer in adsorption and separation of cationic malachite green dye from wastewater.

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Gupta, H. K., and R. Salovey. "Characterization of Ban Copolymers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536067.

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Abstract Molar mass and compositional distributions in copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile have been analyzed by gel permeation chromatography with multiple detection. In some cases, a third component could not be separated by size-exclusion chromatography and was presumed to be an antioxidant attached to the copolymer chains. The amount of this antioxidant was measured by ultraviolet detection at 280 nm of chromatographic effluents and found to increase in amount with decreasing molar volume. Molar mass and compositional distributions were derived from corrected ultraviolet responses at 254 nm coupled with refractive index detection of BAN solutions separated by GPC. The variation of composition with molecular size depends on the composition of the monomer feed and, presumably, the conversion. For copolymers close the azeotropic composition (36% ACN), the composition was fairly uniform over the entire molecular weight distribution and showed a single Tg by differential scanning calorimetry. Some of the materials showed gel or insoluble fractions which had to be separated from the soluble moieties prior to GPC. Copolymers of composition slightly above azeotropic showed a single Tg but could be separated into sol and gel fractions which differed in composition. Infrared and calorimetric analysis showed that, in these cases, the gel was enriched in acrylonitrile. A sample containing 20% acrylonitrile showed marked deviations from compositional uniformity, and the high molecular weight components were enriched in butadiene. Infrared and calorimetric analysis of the sol and gel fractions showed that they were enriched in acrylonitrile and butadiene, respectively. In fact, the elastomer evidenced two glass transition temperatures. We suggest that gel permeation chromatography with multiple detection, specifically refractive index and ultraviolet absorption at 254 and at 280 nm, permits a fairly complete characterization of BAN elastomers. With computer analysis, a sophisticated raw material quality control is feasible and simple. We plan to reexamine our assumptions using laboratory synthesized BAN copolymers. Moreover, we hope to relate the physical properties of elastomers and rubber compounds with the molecular characterization of BAN copolymers. As an alternative to ultraviolet detection in GPC, it may be possible to get a more complete functional group analysis by infrared spectroscopy.

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Yu, Xinliang, Wenhao Yu, Bing Yi, and Xueye Wang. "Prediction of monomer reactivity ratios in radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 9 (2009): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2008215.

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Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models are developed to predict monomer reactivity ratios (log r12) in radical copolymerization with monomers M1 (styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile) and M2 (vinyl monomers). The quantum chemical descriptors are calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G(d) basis set. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to generate Model S (monomer 1: styrene), Model MM (monomer 1: methyl methacrylate) and Model A (monomer 1: acrylonitrile). Simulation results show that the predicted log r12 values are in good agreement with the experimental data, with the test sets possessing correlation coefficients of 0.972 for Model S, 0.933 for Model MM and 0.946 for Model A.

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Palinkas, Ivan, Jasmina Pekez, Eleonora Desnica, Aleksandar Rajic, and Dorian Nedelcu. "Analysis and Optimization of UAV Frame Design for Manufacturing from Thermoplastic Materials on FDM 3D Printer." Materiale Plastice 58, no. 4 (January 4, 2022): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.4.5549.

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Thermoplastic materials have great usage through FDM 3D printing technology. Today, FDM 3D printer is available to the broad population, and some of the thermoplastic materials is widely used due to their small price and availability. Such thermoplastic materials are ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and PLA (Polylactic acid). In this paper the possibility of drone frame design optimization that can be made from ABS and PLA plastics using FDM 3D printing technology is analyzed.

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Alexander, Dominik D., Susan T. Pastula, and Alexander S. Riordan. "Epidemiology of lung cancer among acrylonitrile-exposed study populations: A meta-analysis." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 122 (June 2021): 104896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104896.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Acrylonitrile Analysis'

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