Relevant bibliographies by topics / Acrylamide-Based polymers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Acrylamide-Based polymers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Acrylamide-Based polymers"

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Dragan, Stela, and Cristina Doina Vlad. "Functional polymers based on acrylamide crosslinked copolymers." Macromolecular Symposia 181, no. 1 (May 2002): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3900(200205)181:1<47::aid-masy47>3.0.co;2-8.

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Hoffman, Allan S. "Environmentally Sensitive Polymers and Hydrogels." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 9 (September 1991): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400056049.

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Environmentally sensitive polymers and hydrogels exhibit sharp changes in behavior in response to relatively small changes in conditions such as temperature or pH. Typical changes include precipitation of the polymer in water or collapse of a hydrogel with expulsion of a large fraction of the gel pore water. These changes are depicted in Figure 1. If such a polymer is grafted or adsorbed on another polymer surface or within the pores of a porous membrane, then one observes sharp changes in wettability or permeability, respectively, when the polymer is environmentally stimulated. These changes are usually reversible, although the recdissolution or reswelling processes are often slower than the precipitation or deswelling steps. Other examples of environmental stimuli and polymer system responses are listed in Tables I and II.A large number of polymers display sharp responses to such stimuli. Many are based on vinyl monomers, such as anionic and cationic monomers for pH, specificion, solvent, or electrically responsive systems, and N-alkyl substituted acrylamides (e.g., N-isopropyl acrylamide, or NIPAAm) for temperature-sensitive systems. Other copolymer compositions may contain the responsive moiety as a pendant group on one of the monomers. Photoresponsive groups have been incorporated in such a way.The ratio in the responsive polymer of the responsive monomeric component to the “nonresponsive” comonomer (e.g., the pH-sensitive monomer, acrylic acid, versus acrylamide or the temperature-sensitive monomer, NIPAAm versus acrylamide) will control both the sharpness and intensity of the response as well as the specific environmental conditions where it begins.
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Kolouchová, Kristýna, and Ondřej Groborz. "Multiresponsive Polymer Tracers for ¹⁹F MRI Based on Poly[N-(2,2-difluoroethyl) Acrylamide]." Chemické listy 116, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220180.

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Polymers with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are molecularly soluble in their solutions at low temperatures but, when heated above their cloud point temperature, these polymers assemble into supramolecular particles or macroscopic precipitates. These particles or precipitated polymeric depots can be used for diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release from a depot or a combination of diagnostics and therapy (theranostics). Herein, we describe smart polymer systems which contain N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide monomer unit (DFEA) and form polymeric nanoparticles upon heating or precipitate after injection to polymeric implants/depots. Due to a high fluorine content and to relaxation properties of this element, these polymers are suitable as tracers for the 19F MRI method, a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool. Moreover, DFEA copolymers can contain monomers that react to additional physicochemical properties, resulting in multiresponsive polymers (pH- or redox-responsive), which can be used for smart drug delivery systems with controlled release of drugs in the target environment.
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Quan, Xie, Su, and Feng. "The Thermoviscosifying Behavior of Water-Soluble Polymer Based on Graft Polymerization of Pluronic F127 with Acrylamide and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101702.

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A new concept of thermoviscosifying polymers is proposed to address the problems about decreasing viscosity of polymer solution under high temperatures. However, existing thermoviscosifying polymers have complicated synthesis processes and high costs, and both of them restrict the wide practical applications of thermoviscosifying polymers. Although polyethers have the characteristics of thermal gelatinization, they just display thermoviscosifying behaviors only under extremely high concentrations (>15 wt %). Therefore, the graft copolymerization of the commercialized Pluronic F127 (PEO100-PPO65-PEO100) with acrylamide and 2-acrylamide-methylpropionic acid sodium salt was studied here. A series of graft modified polyether polymers were prepared and it was expected to get thermoviscosifying polymers with high molecular weights and low association temperatures. Several factors on thermoviscosifying behaviors were investigated, such as polymerization condition, polymer concentration, hydrophilic monomer, molecular structure and molecular weight. It was also proven that the apparent viscosity of polymer solution is influenced by polymer concentration, molecular weight of polymer, and content of anion groups.
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Sari, Repita, Sri Mulijani, and Meri Suhartini. "Improvement of PVA-Glucomanan-Acrylamide Hydrogel as Base Material of Immobilization." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 8, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.20332.

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Hydrogel products are currently widely used in various fields, one of which is agriculture. Most hydrogels are made of synthetic polymers because they have good absorption but are not biodegradable. Glucomannan is a natural polymer that is able to absorb large amounts of water and biodegradable but it is difficult to maintain water content. One method to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels is by modifying the hydrogels through the formation of an interpenetrating network (IPN) between natural polymers and synthetic polymers. In this study, the IPN hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol and glucomannan and acrylamide as a crosslinker was made by combining freeze-thaw and gamma irradiation techniques. The results showed that the hydrogel water absorption after immersion for 24 hours was 311.09% where the weight of glucomannan was 1 g and acrylamide was 0.75 g and the irradiation dose was 30 kGy. The result of cumulative release test of paraquat immobilized into the hydrogel was 12.00% within 10 days. This indicates that the PVA-glucomannan-acrylamide hydrogel can be used as a controlled paraquat release matrix so as to minimize the effect on the overuse of pesticides.
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Gussenov, Iskander Sh, Alexey V. Shakhvorostov, Nurbatyr Mukhametgazy, and Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov. "Synthetic polyampholytes based on acrylamide derivatives – new polymer for enhanced oil recovery." Kazakhstan journal for oil & gas industry 4, no. 4 (January 21, 2023): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54859/kjogi108622.

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Background: Due to its high efficiency, polymer flooding has been widely used in the fields of Kazakhstan. However, under conditions of high water salinity, high concentrations of polymers are needed to ensure the design viscosity of the solutions, therefore, polymers are needed that, at concentrations not exceeding 0.10.2%, will increase the viscosity of water up to 2050 cP when the formation water salinity is above 200 g/ l. Aim: The purpose of this work is to study the salt- and heat-resistant properties of a linear polyampholyte based on acrylamide, an anionic monomer sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid - and a cationic monomer (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride and substantiate its applicability in oil production. Materials and methods: We used water with a salinity of 200300 g/l, as well as oils with viscosities of 60, 138, and 420 cP. To simulate a porous medium, bulk sand models and aerated concrete with high porosity were chosen. Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide with a molecular weight of 17 million Da and a ternary polyampholyte with a molecular weight of 2.9 million Da were used as polymers. To compare the effectiveness of these polymers under conditions of high salinity, experiments were carried out to measure the dynamic viscosity and oil displacement efficiency. Results: It is shown that the injection of a 0.25% solution of triple polyampholyte dissolved in water with a salinity of 200 g/l into sand models increases the oil displacement efficiency by 2328% compared to the injection of formation water. Under identical conditions, the injection of a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution resulted in an increase in the oil displacement efficiency by only 18%. Conclusion: Triple polyampholyte based on acrylamide derivatives has superior oil displacement properties compared to hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in high salinity reservoirs. The results of laboratory experiments can draw the attention of oil and gas industry specialists and subsoil users to new developments by the staff of the Institute of Polymer Materials and Technologies in terms of scaling up synthetic polyampholytes and conducting pilot tests.
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Nadtoka, O., O. Vashchenko, and N. Kutsevol. "THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS BASED ON CHITOSAN AND POLYACRYLAMIDE." Polymer journal 45, no. 3 (September 9, 2023): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.45.03.214.

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The thermal properties of cross-linked polymers based on chitosan and polyacrylamide were studied. Samples of the resulting network polymers, which included chains of polyacrylamide and chitosan, were obtained as hydrogel materials by radical polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of chitosan using the redox system of cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate as an initiator and N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker. The structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed by comparing their IR spectra with the spectra of chitosan and polyacrylamide. It was shown that in the IR spectrum of the chitosan-containing sample, the peak at 2932 cm -1 indicates the presence of CH2 groups in the polymer chains and the formation of cross-links. Deformation and valence vibrations of the amide group in polyacrylamide are observed at 1600–1660 cm -1, and the band at 1633 and 1411 cm -1, which appears when the amide bond of polyacrylamide is formed, corresponds to C-N vibrations in the graft copolymer. These characteristic bands confirm the possibility of graft copolymerization of acrylamide on chitosan. The influence of the mass ratio of chitosan and polyacrylamide on the thermal properties of polymer systems was investigated by the method of thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis. Atmospheric gas (1 bar, 40 % relative humidity) was used in all thermoanalytical measurements. The samples were examined after vacuum drying at 4 × 10-7 bar and 60 °C using Concentrator Plus. TGA and DTG curves were obtained in the temperature range from 30 to 500 °C with a scanning speed of 5 °C/min using 40 μl aluminum oxide crucibles. It was established that increasing the concentration of chitosan during synthesis reduces the amount of bound water in the obtained samples. Analysis of thermal destruction at the final stages of heating indicates that the presence of chitosan in samples of cross-linked polymers increases their heat resistance by 10–15 °C. The obtained regularities can be used in the creation of composite materials for hydrogel wound dressings and covering medical agents for external use.
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Mahmood, Arshad, Alia Erum, Sophia Mumtaz, Ume Ruqia Tulain, Nadia Shamshad Malik, and Mohammed S. Alqahtani. "Preliminary Investigation of Linum usitatissimum Mucilage-Based Hydrogel as Possible Substitute to Synthetic Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Sustained Release Oral Drug Delivery." Gels 8, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8030170.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Linum usitatissimum mucilage, a natural polymer, in developing a sustained release hydrogel for orally delivered drugs that require frequent dosing. For this purpose, nicorandil (a model drug)-loaded hydrogels with various feed ratios of Linum usitatissimum mucilage, acrylamide (monomer) and methylene bis-acrylamide (crosslinker) were prepared. The newly synthesized hydrogel formulations were probed fundamentally with respect to swelling behaviour, solvent penetration, and the release of the drug from the hydrogels. Later, the selected formulations were further characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The swelling coefficient demonstrated a linear relation with the polymer ratio; however, an inverse behaviour in the case of monomer and crosslinker was observed. The drug release studies, performed at pH 1.2 and 4.5 and considering the dynamic environment of GIT, demonstrated that all formulations followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, displaying a slow drug release via diffusion and polymer erosion. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful grafting of acrylamide on linseed mucilage. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed a clear surface morphology with folds and pinholes in the hydrogel. Therefore, based upon the in-vitro outcomes, it can be concluded that a promising sustained release hydrogel can be prepared from natural polymer, Linum usitatissimum mucilage, offering many-fold benefits over the conventional synthetic polymers for oral delivery of drugs.
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Wang, Heng, Shifeng Xu, Jia Ma, Zhaoyang Wang, and Enzhu Hou. "Investigation of high thickness holographic gratings in acrylamide-based photopolymer." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 32n33 (November 30, 2016): 1650382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503826.

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We studied the holographic characteristics of acrylamide-based photopolymer layers ranging in thickness from 300 [Formula: see text] to 1000 [Formula: see text]. Scattering patterns of various materials were presented, and both transmittance and scattering ratio were measured. Then, theoretical and experimental Bragg selectivity curves of two samples with thicknesses of 300 [Formula: see text] and 510 [Formula: see text] were analyzed, demonstrating the effective optical thickness inside photopolymer, which was responsible for the width of Bragg selectivity curve. Through the simulation for the spatial dynamics of refractive index distribution inside materials with different thicknesses, the attenuation of grating along the direction of thickness inside photopolymer was presented. Moreover, the photo-induced polymer chain length was evaluated, and a growing tendency of polymer chain length as increasing depth of material thickness was presented for the first time, in other words, there were polymers with longer chain length in deeper layer of material.
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Khan, Sarfaraz, Huaili Zheng, Qiang Sun, Yongzhi Liu, Hong Li, Wei Ding, and Andrea Navarro. "Analysis of Influencing Factors for Leaching of Acrylamide Monomer from Polyacrylamide-Based Flocculants Used in the Treatment of Sludge Dewatering." Sensor Letters 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4194.

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Acrylamide (AM) monomer is one of the harmful type substance, are commonly using to produce polyacrylamide (PAMs) flocculants for water treatment. Because of incomplete polymerization, the molecules of AM monomers also in exit marketable polymers. Therefore, discharge of AM from the usage of PAM based polymers flocculants in to environment. Currently study focus on, the AM leaching behaviour (emulsion and powder) polymer produced by two different production processes was studied with WTP sludge dewatering as the research object. The flocculants type's effects, Concentration of sludge and dosage on the discharge of AM residual monomer in sludge dewatering effluent were studied. The powder form flocculants results show, the regardless of the flocculants concentration and sludge concentration, the leaching concentration is not significant, but in the emulsion flocculants, the leaching concentration changes significantly. The Monomers of residual acrylamide be absorbed on the surface of sludge. Sludge concentration plays an active role in improving dehydration efficiency. Considering the trade-off between emulsion and powder polymer, the results of this study are related to the water treatment process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acrylamide-Based polymers"

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Klimchuk, Keith Adrian. "Synthesis, characterization, and testing of acrylamide-based polymers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ34492.pdf.

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Miguel-Arricau, Sophie. "Corrélation structure/propriété de polymères à base d'acrylamide pour des applications en récupération assistée des hydrocarbures (RAH)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04010751.

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La connaissance des propriétés physico-chimiques des solutions de polymères utilisées en récupération assistée des hydrocarbures (RAH) est essentielle pour une bonne efficience du procédé. Ces travaux avaient pour but de conforter et enrichir un modèle de viscosité universelle dépendant du paramètre de recouvrement C[η] qui permet de prendre en compte l'occupation du milieu par les chaînes macromoléculaires (concentration d'enchevêtrement critique, C*, régimes dilué et semi-dilué). Les effets des microstructures, de la taille et de la composition des polymères ont été étudiés via la synthèse d'une librairie d'échantillons par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée (RADT/MADIX) : polyacrylamides, copolymères statistiques et asymétriques acrylamide-acrylate de sodium, polyacrylamides post-hydrolysés. Chaque polymère a été caractérisé par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique et par rhéologie capillaire dont les protocoles et techniques ont été optimisées. Les effets de la microstructure sur les propriétés physico-chimiques dimensionnelles, rhéologiques et complexantes ont été déterminés. Mes travaux de thèse doivent répondre aux deux questions principales suivantes : Quel est l'effet de la microstructure et de la dispersité du polymère sur le modèle ? Quelle(s) est (sont) la(les) limite(s) du modèle en termes d'application ? Mes travaux incluent donc l'élaboration de polymères modèles couvrant une large gamme de masses molaires (de quelques dizaines de milliers à plusieurs millions de g/mol). Les polymères modèles sont de structures variées allant d'homopolymères aux copolymères statistiques et à blocs. Après leur caractérisation complète (composition chimique et structure), les propriétés rhéologiques des solutions sont étudiées. Pour cela, mes travaux comprennent le développement, au sein du laboratoire et spécifiquement pour cette étude, d'un rhéomètre capillaire. Les résultats expérimentaux sont alors comparés au modèle établi pour les polymères industriels pour accroître le potentiel du modèle
The knowledge of the physico-chemical properties of polymer solutions for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is crucial to optimize the process. The purpose of this work was to consolidate and complete an universal viscosity model depending on C[η] parameter. The later allows taking into account the degree of interpenetration of polymer chains (critical concentration, C*, diluted and semi-diluted solutions). Various polymer parameters have been studied as the effects of microstructures, polymer size (molar mass and dispersity) as well as chemical composition. A library of polymer models was elaborated by controlled radical polymerization (RADT/MADIX). Series of polyacrylamides, statistical and asymmetric copolymers of acrylamide-sodium acrylate and post-hydrolyzed polyacrylamides were synthesized and characterized by steric exclusion chromatography and capillary rheology and the analytical protocols and techniques were optimized. The effects of the microstructure onto dimensional, rheological and complexation physico-chemical properties were determined
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Oxenford, Leah R. "Characterization of N-isopropyl acrylamide based polymers for pH sensing and metal ion binding." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2091.pdf.

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Book chapters on the topic "Acrylamide-Based polymers"

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Mallik, Abul K., Md Shahruzzaman, Md Nurus Sakib, Asaduz Zaman, Md Shirajur Rahman, Md Minhajul Islam, Md Sazedul Islam, Papia Haque, and Mohammed Mizanur Rahman. "Benefits of Renewable Hydrogels over Acrylate- and Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels." In Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series, 1–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76573-0_10-1.

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Mallik, Abul K., Md Shahruzzaman, Md Nurus Sakib, Asaduz Zaman, Md Shirajur Rahman, Md Minhajul Islam, Md Sazedul Islam, Papia Haque, and Mohammed Mizanur Rahman. "Benefits of Renewable Hydrogels over Acrylate- and Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels." In Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series, 197–243. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_10.

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Dentel, S. K., B. M. Gucciardi, N. J. Griskowitz, L. L. Chang, D. L. Raudenbush, and B. Arican. "Chemistry, Function, and Fate of Acrylamide-Based Polymers." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VI, 35–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59791-6_4.

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Hou, Jian, Ming Han, and Jinxun Wang. "Comparison of Effective Methods to Determine Concentrations of Acrylamide-Based Polymers." In Proceedings of the International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference 2020, 389–400. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1123-0_37.

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Li, He, Jin-sheng Sun, Kai-he Lv, and Xian-bin Huang. "Amine-Terminated Acrylamide Polymer as a Shale Inhibitor for Water-Based Drilling Fluids." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 4553–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1964-2_388.

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Hasegawa, George. "Extension of Living Radical Polymerization Accompanied by Phase Separation to Methacrylate- and Acrylamide-based Polymer Monoliths." In Springer Theses, 33–45. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54198-1_3.

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Kveton, Milan, Pavel Fiala, and Antonin Havranek. "Polymer Holography in Acrylamide-Based Recording Material." In Holography, Research and Technologies. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/14564.

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Conference papers on the topic "Acrylamide-Based polymers"

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Balaga, Dileep Kumar, and Sandeep D. Kulkarni. "Investigation of Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Synthetic Polymers in High-Performance Water-Based Muds for Designing Drilling Automation Processes for Viscosity and Fluid-Loss Control." In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214134-ms.

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Abstract For the purpose of engineering the drilling automation processes, it is necessary to explore the effects of thermal-degradation kinetics of synthetic polymers on the performance in different brine-based drilling muds in terms of time-dependent viscosity and fluid-loss control response. In this regard, three different synthetic acrylamide polymers with molecular weights between 2.8 to 3 million DU and sulfonation range between 15 to 40% are studied in sodium bromide (NaBr) brine based drilling mud systems. To achieve the substitution during the polymerization process, the sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid was utilized as a sulfonated monomer. The substitutions were verified by NMR testings. The time dynamics of these synthetic polymers were quantitatively investigated using a simple and reliable titration technique in order to comprehend the degradation kinetics at various temperatures. Viscosity and fluid loss testings in drilling muds were contrasted with the polymer degradation which were hot rolled at 250°F and 350°F for various time durations. Viscosity and fluid loss were calculated for variously aged fluids with a conventional viscometer and API & HTHP filter presses. The titration studies quantified the conversion of acrylamide molecules present in the polymer-chain into acrylic acid; the conversion represents the decay in polymer and was governed by the aging temperature and aging duration. The rate of polymer degradation decreased as the degree of sulfonation i.e., DoS in the polymer-chain increased, which was evident by a rise in Arrhenius activation energy. The drilling fluids which were hot rolled at 250°F showed a reasonable apparent viscosity in a range of 85 - 100 cp at room temperature and minimal HTHP fluid loss of 10 - 18 ml. Similarly, at 350°F hot rolling, all these fluids provided an apparent viscosity between 20 – 30 cp at room temperature with a HTHP fluid loss ranging from 36 – 42 ml. At both the temperature conditions, polymer with highest sulfonation provided a better control than other two polymers in terms of fluid loss and filter cake formation. These viscosity and fluid loss results were explained contradictorily with the effect of activation energy as sulfonation increased. In sodium bromide drilling muds, these results signified that higher sulfonation provides more thermal stability, but the polymer may be customized accordingly as per industry needs. In order to maintain viscosity and fluid loss management, this research discusses how the polymer degradation kinetics affect the time-dependent performance of synthetic acrylamide polymers in brine-based drilling fluids at high temperatures. Usage of sodium bromide salt provided sustained increase in the base-brine density and also provided conductive environment for sulfonated acrylamide polymers. This is essential for creating drilling automation in terms of polymer replenishment for specific downhole temperature conditions.
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Song, Haofeng, Gary A. Pope, and Kishore K. Mohanty. "Thermal Stability of Acrylamide-Based Polymers at High Temperature and High Salinity." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199921-ms.

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Gaillard, Nicolas, Antoine Thomas, and Cedrick Favero. "Novel Associative Acrylamide-based Polymers for Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164072-ms.

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Tovar, Francisco D., Maria A. Barrufet, and David S. Schechter. "Long Term Stability of Acrylamide Based Polymers during Chemically Assisted CO2 WAG EOR." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169053-ms.

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Gaillard, Nicolas, Dorothy Belinda Sanders, and Cedrick Favero. "Improved Oil Recovery Using Thermally And Chemically Protected Compositions Based On Co- And Ter-Polymers Containing Acrylamide." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/129756-ms.

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Jouenne, S., B. Levache, M. Joly, C. Hourcq, M. Questel, and G. Heurteux. "Universal Viscosifying Behavior of Acrylamide-based Polymers Used in EOR - Application for QA/QC, Viscosity Predictions and Field Characterization." In IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900140.

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Maillon, Rémi, Pinaki Ghosh, and Clayton Wilson. "Predicting EOR Polymer Viscosity with Varying Molecular Weight and Chemistry Using Machine Learning." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216592-ms.

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Abstract Polyacrylamide polymer flooding is an established EOR technique to reduce the water/oil mobility ratio and improve sweep efficiency. Polyacrylamide polymers are non-Newtonian fluids whose viscosity depends significantly on shear rate in addition to several other parameters, such as brine salinity and hardness, temperature, polymer concentration, chemical composition, and molecular weight. Each oil reservoir has unique brine compositions, expected shear, and temperature conditions. Estimating the polymer solution's in situ viscosity under these conditions can be quite challenging, requiring expensive and time-consuming rheological lab experiments. Machine learning has recently gained popularity and has been applied successfully in many sectors, including the oil & gas industry, to develop predictive models and forecasting tools. With more than 30 years of experience in polymer EOR projects globally, SNF has compiled a large rheological dataset, including approximately 75,000 lab experiments measuring the viscosity of its synthetic polymers under different reservoir conditions. In this study, different machine learning algorithms have been tested on SNF's rheological dataset to predict polymer viscosity for any given polymer type and concentration under certain reservoir conditions. The best results were achieved using a Random Forest algorithm, the results of which have been presented here. The model predictions are based on the following eight input features: active polymer concentration, shear rates, brine total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, temperature, polymer molecular weight, and chemistry (ATBS percentage and Acrylamide percentage). Based on preliminary investigations, the results obtained are promising, with an R-Squared regression score of 89.6 % and a mean absolute percentage error of 35.8%. The model's results have helped SNF better understand the impact of these different parameters on polymer viscosity and can be used for improved quality control of lab measurements generated across the globe. This tool aims to aid product development by providing in silico data in concurrence with in situ experiments, driving a robust development process.
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Al-Murayri, M. T., S. Akther, B. Baroon, A. Al-Ghadhouri, E. Delamaide, A. Soltani, S. Bekri, and D. Rousseau. "Insights on the Feasibility of Extremely High-Salinity Polymer-Flooding for a Deep Extra-Heavy Oil Clastic Reservoir in Kuwait." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218776-ms.

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Abstract The Lower Burgan reservoir in the Abdali field bears extra-heavy oil of viscosity ranging from 8,000 to 20,000 cP. In view of its depth, the LBAB reservoir is not amenable to thermal steam-based EOR methods. Non-thermal methods such as polymer-flooding or liquid solvent injection have been investigated. Demonstrating the feasibility of polymer-flooding using ~260,000 ppm TDS effluent water, under high temperature conditions, can lead to major cost savings in relation to water sourcing and treatment. Extensive lab evaluation was performed to qualify polymers that can withstand harsh salinity and temperature conditions to generate important data for numerical modeling in preparation for potential field implementation. Polymers from four manufacturers were evaluated through viscometry, long-term stability under anaerobic reservoir conditions, resistance to mechanical degradation and injectivity. The reservoir rock structure and mineralogical composition were analyzed before capillary pressure and relative permeability data were generated using procedures adapted to unconsolidated reservoir sand and high-viscosity oil. Finally, coreflood tests were performed to assess the quality of the in-depth polymer propagation and determine the relevant parameters for the simulation dataset. Polymers were evaluated at the reservoir temperature (i.e. 190°F / 88°C) using brine with a TDS and divalent cations concentration of ~260,000 ppm and 19,000 ppm, respectively. For such conditions, data available in the literature clearly indicate that ATBS-acrylamide copolymer chemistry is required. Different ATBS levels were tested ranging from 10 to 70 mol% to optimize techno-economic feasibility. While all polymers exhibited comparable performances in terms of thickening ability, resistance to mechanical degradation and injectivity in permeabilities representative of that of the reservoir, the long-term anaerobic aging tests revealed that 55 mol% was the minimal ATBS content to establish stability over at least 6 months. Reservoir rock analysis and characterization revealed that the rock is slightly oil-wet, homogeneous and composed of monodispersed quartz grains with marginal clays and no cementation, thereby resulting in a favourable permeability of ~1000 mD, with no consolidation post oil removal. Polymer injection coreflood tests demonstrated good in-depth propagation, with Resistance Factors matching the injected relative viscosity, low adsorption (40 to 80 μg/g) and almost no rheo-thickening at near-wellbore velocities, despite the relatively high polymer concentrations investigated (~4000 mg/L). This study proves the feasibility of using ATBS-based polymers for harsh reservoir conditions in terms of temperature, salinity and hardness. ATBS levels must be tuned to ensure polymer stability while establishing favourable economic feasibility. Coreflood tests also demonstrated the technical feasibility of polymer-flooding to unlock massive reserves from a deep extra-heavy oil reservoir.
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9

Ould Metidji, Mahmoud, Jose Luis Juarez Morejon, Maria Flor Garcia Mayoral, Maria Rosario Rodriguez Pardo, Jesus Montes Ruiz, Damien Lereau, Jorge Monzon Vazquez, and Guillaume Dupuis. "Secondary Versus Tertiary Polymer Flooding: A Laboratory Evaluation in Low Permeability HT/HS Carbonate Reservoir Conditions." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22908-ms.

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Abstract Polymer flooding is a well-established EOR technique widely implemented in sandstone reservoirs. Sulfonated acrylamide-based copolymers recently proved their potential in harsh HT/HS carbonate reservoirs with pilot tests upcoming in the Middle East. While polymer flooding is often classified as a tertiary recovery method, the present study aims to evaluate EOR efficiencies in secondary and tertiary recovery scenarios. The polymer selection process and characterization in porous media are described in detail. The study was conducted on a lab-scale at a temperature of 120°C. The salinity of seawater used for injection was 42 g/L TDS. The polymer selection was based on a thorough rheology and filterability study. The coreflooding tests were performed on limestone outcrops with permeability in the range of 40 mD. Single-phase experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of a pre-shearing step and study the in-situ rheology. Secondary and tertiary oil recovery experiments were conducted using reservoir dead oil. In all experiments, the tracer method was used to determine dynamic adsorption. The rheology and filterability study identified the best candidate (SAV 10) among three different molecular weight polymers containing the same high-sulfonation level. The target viscosity for the desired mobility ratio was 3 cP at 120°C, achieved with a polymer concentration of 3500 ppm. The single-phase experiments suggested that pre-shearing the polymer reduced the apparent shear thickening at high velocities due to a reduction in viscoelastic properties. The best oil recovery performances were obtained in the secondary mode (polymer flood applied at Swi) with a 15% higher recovery when compared to the tertiary mode (after reaching Sorw). The results correlate with a later breakthrough for the earlier polymer flood case. In both cases the mobility ratio was comparable (0.18-0.20) and much lower than waterflooding (1.5). The polymer dynamic adsorption estimated with the tracer method was about 140 μg/g rock in brine saturated cores, decreasing to ~100 μg/g rock in the presence of residual oil saturation. The in-situ rheology evaluation after stable recovery was reached following polymer flooding (Sorp), evidenced less apparent shear thickening, which could be related to a change in the conformation of the pores in the presence of oil. Most studies reported on secondary and tertiary polymer flooding focused on the case of heavy-oil sandstone reservoirs. The present work introduces new insights on early implementation of polymer flooding to optimize oil production by maximizing the performance of the method in HT/HS carbonate reservoirs. Furthermore, our study provides new insights about sulfonated acrylamide-base copolymer rheology in porous media for low permeability carbonate cores.
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10

Ould Metidji, Mahmoud, Jose Luis Juarez Morejon, Maria Flor Garcia Mayoral, Maria Rosario Rodriguez Pardo, Jesus Montes Ruiz, Damien Lereau, Jorge Monzon Vazquez, and Guillaume Dupuis. "Secondary Versus Tertiary Polymer Flooding: A Laboratory Evaluation in Low Permeability HT/HS Carbonate Reservoir Conditions." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22908-ea.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Polymer flooding is a well-established EOR technique widely implemented in sandstone reservoirs. Sulfonated acrylamide-based copolymers recently proved their potential in harsh HT/HS carbonate reservoirs with pilot tests upcoming in the Middle East. While polymer flooding is often classified as a tertiary recovery method, the present study aims to evaluate EOR efficiencies in secondary and tertiary recovery scenarios. The polymer selection process and characterization in porous media are described in detail. The study was conducted on a lab-scale at a temperature of 120°C. The salinity of seawater used for injection was 42 g/L TDS. The polymer selection was based on a thorough rheology and filterability study. The coreflooding tests were performed on limestone outcrops with permeability in the range of 40 mD. Single-phase experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of a pre-shearing step and study the in-situ rheology. Secondary and tertiary oil recovery experiments were conducted using reservoir dead oil. In all experiments, the tracer method was used to determine dynamic adsorption. The rheology and filterability study identified the best candidate (SAV 10) among three different molecular weight polymers containing the same high-sulfonation level. The target viscosity for the desired mobility ratio was 3 cP at 120°C, achieved with a polymer concentration of 3500 ppm. The single-phase experiments suggested that pre-shearing the polymer reduced the apparent shear thickening at high velocities due to a reduction in viscoelastic properties. The best oil recovery performances were obtained in the secondary mode (polymer flood applied at Swi) with a 15% higher recovery when compared to the tertiary mode (after reaching Sorw). The results correlate with a later breakthrough for the earlier polymer flood case. In both cases the mobility ratio was comparable (0.18-0.20) and much lower than waterflooding (1.5). The polymer dynamic adsorption estimated with the tracer method was about 140 μg/g rock in brine saturated cores, decreasing to ∼100 μg/g rock in the presence of residual oil saturation. The in-situ rheology evaluation after stable recovery was reached following polymer flooding (Sorp), evidenced less apparent shear thickening, which could be related to a change in the conformation of the pores in the presence of oil. Most studies reported on secondary and tertiary polymer flooding focused on the case of heavy-oil sandstone reservoirs. The present work introduces new insights on early implementation of polymer flooding to optimize oil production by maximizing the performance of the method in HT/HS carbonate reservoirs. Furthermore, our study provides new insights about sulfonated acrylamide-base copolymer rheology in porous media for low permeability carbonate cores.
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