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Academic literature on the topic 'Acquisition de l'identité cellulaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Acquisition de l'identité cellulaire"
Schweisguth, F. "Ségrégation asymétrique de régulateurs de l'identité cellulaire lors de la mitose." médecine/sciences 12, no. 2 (1996): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/714.
Full textZentelin, Jean-Louis. "The single transport passe in and around Paris: a sustainable solution?" Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 64 | 2013 (November 30, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.12131.
Full textBell, Justine C. "Visual Literacy Skills of Students in College-Level Biology: Learning Outcomes following Digital or Hand-Drawing Activities." Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 5, no. 1 (November 4, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2014.1.6.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Acquisition de l'identité cellulaire"
Fernandes, Gonçalo. "Imaging transcription in living embryos to decipher the robustness of patterning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS025.
Full textMorphogen gradients provide concentration-dependent positional information required to establish the polarity of developmental axes. Although the critical role of these gradients is well recognized, it is unclear how they provide reproducible expression patterns. This is particularly surprising if we consider the stochastic nature of transcription.To address this question, I focus on the establishment of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of fruit fly embryos, which is mostly defined by Bicoid (Bcd), a very well-characterized morphogen and transcription factor. bcd mRNAs are expressed maternally and anchored at the anterior tip of the oocyte. After egg laying, these mRNAs are translated into proteins, which diffuse through the cytoplasm and form a gradient with its highest concentration at the anterior. A simple model is that depending on their position along the AP axis and thus on Bcd concentration, cells will adopt different fates. However, long debates in the field have questioned the possibility that Bcd-dependent transcription patterns emerge solely from diffusive biochemical interactions between limiting amounts of Bcd molecules and the gene promoter region.The goal of my PhD was to determine how Bcd precisely regulates expression of its main target gene, hunchback (hb). For this, I adapted to synthetic reporters the MS2-MCP system, which allows the fluorescent tagging of mRNAs and provides, thus, a quantitative analysis of transcription dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution in living embryos. In these reporters, the MS2 sequence was placed under the control of a minimal promoter also containing DNA binding sites for Bcd and/or its known partners, Hb and Zelda (Zld), either alone or in combination. My goal was to determine how the various reporters could recapitulate expression of the hb promoter (hb-MS2 reporter) and shed light on the specific roles of the different factors and their interactions in the transcription mechanism.Interestingly, expression of the reporter with only nine Bcd binding sites (three more than in the hb gene) matches almost perfectly the hb-MS2 reporter pattern, except for the very high steepness of the expression domain boundary and the speed to reach steady-state. This suggests that Bcd alone is the main source of positional information, defining the positioning of the boundary but not its steepness nor the speed of its establishment.In addition, binding of Bcd’s partners to the promoter speed-up the process by acting in different steps of the transcription mechanism: i) Hb synergizes with Bcd by reducing transcription burstiness and increasing the polymerase firing rate; ii) Zld lowers the Bcd concentration threshold required for Bcd-dependent expression. In collaboration with physicists, a biophysical model of Bcd-dependent expression was developed providing a theoretical framework for the experimental data. This model showed that the very rapid establishment of the hb expression boundary can be solely explained by an equilibrium model involving the binding of Bcd molecules to their DNA-binding sites for positional information which requires Zld and Hb for its temporal dynamics.To further confirm that Bcd is the sole source of positional information for hb expression, I compared the boundary position of the Bcd-only dependent reporters in embryos expressing one dose or half dose of Bcd. Surprisingly, the corresponding shifts of these reporters’ boundaries upon one vs half dose of Bcd were smaller than theoretically expected given the measured decay length of the Bcd protein gradient. This indicates a shorter decay length for the Bcd activity gradient and suggests the existence of different Bcd populations, with some Bcd molecules being less active than others. Importantly, the shift observed for the hb-MS2 reporter was the same as for the Bcd-only dependent reporters confirming Bcd as the sole source of positional information for hb expression
Jalouli, Maroua. "Étude de l'interaction de la transitine et du déterminannt de l'identité cellulaire Numb durant la myogenèse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26845/26845.pdf.
Full textJalouli, Maroua. "Étude de l'interaction de la transitine et du déterminant de l'identité cellulaire Numb durant la myogenèse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22338.
Full textRemillieux, Nathalie. "Contrôle de l'identité cellulaire au cours du développement de la drosophile : étude du gène multi sex combs." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112248.
Full textIn Drosophila melanogaster, the cell's identity is driven by the expression of a combination of selector genes. The cellular identity of each cells needs to be controlled through a lot of cell's division during all the developmental processes. The muti sex combs gene down-regulate the expression of selector genes implicated in the segmental identity control. Moreover, it is known to act on a lot of organs as for instance the larvae's blood cells. My work was to characterize the mxc gene and its function in the haematopoiesis process. I have identified two loci (CG12124 and DLa2) that may correspond to the mxc gene. CG12124 encodes a nuclear protein and was identified by the genome sequencing. I mostly worked on Dla2. I cloned the gene, and established its transcription pattern and characterized its products. It encodes a La protein. These proteins are transcriptional regulators, but also regulate the translation of some cellular and viral mRNAs. These proteins are known to be implicated in human's autoimmune diseases. We, actually, can't affirm that D1a2 corresponds to the mxc gene. But, the characterisation of genes that encode La proteins in Drosophila is of a great interest for the human health because of the genetic tools we have in this organism. Moreover, if Dla2 corresponds to mxc, all the genetic studies we have done on mxc will give new research lines for La's studies in the future. The other part of my work was to unravel the role of mxc in larval haematopoiesis. Every mxc loss of functions mutants induce an overgrowth of the haematopoietic organ, the overrating of circulating blood cells and an abnormal differentiation of the blood cells. We too characterized some interactions between mxc and the Toll and Jak/Stat signaling pathways, during these cells development. This work is adding to the understanding of the control of haematopoiesis in Drosophila and the characterization of a new La gene
Morin, Marie-Charlotte. "Mise en évidence de nouveaux acteurs de la transdifférenciation naturelle : implication pour le maintien de l'identité cellulaire et impact de l'environnement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ010.
Full textDifferentiated cells can be reprogrammed to adopt a different cell identity. The discovery of factors and mechanisms controlling cellular reprogramming is a fascinating scientific goal that will shed light on the mechanisms controlling cell identity maintenance. Our laboratory studies the natural identity switch (or transdifferentiation, TD) of an epithelial rectal cell (called Y) into a motor neuron (called PDA) in Caenorhabditis elegans. In worm mutants for the gene lin-15A (isolated in a genetic screen performed in the laboratory), the Y cell does not initiate the Y reprogramming : Y stays rectal. This protein appears in the Y nucleus just before the beginning of the Y TD and plays a key role in the process initiation. LIN-15A binds DNA and its zinc finger domain (THAP-like) is essential for the initiation of Y reprogramming. Inactivation of some genes that are involved in cell identity maintenance allow a partial or strong suppression of the Y reprogramming defect due to lin-15A mutation. These genes belong to a group called synMuv B and those inducing the strongest lin- 15A phenotype suppression are all linked to the retinoblastoma (RB) pathway. In the literature, all the mutants that are PDA defect suppressors in lin-15A mutant show a switch of intestinal cell identity. Some mutants in starvation–response genes in worms show a loss of intestinal cell identity maintenance very similar to the one observed in synMuv B mutants. Interestingly, we observed that starvation (in 1st larval stage or dauer stage) induces a strong drop of the PDA defect in lin-15A mutant. Different studies suggest diapause induced by starvation trigger a loss of somatic cell identity maintenance (and possibly in intestinal cells), that could allow Y to start the reprogramming despite the lack of lin-15A, even it is a key factor to release a break and initiate the TD. In summary, my results show the cell transdifferentiation depends on a molecular key, LIN-15A, that is needed, just priorto TD initiation, to release a cell maintenance lock to allow a cell to undergo cell identity switch. My work opens the possibility that the worm physiologic and metabolic state influences cell identity maintenance. In the future, how this state is perceived has to be determined, in which cells and how this information is transmitted to Y to finally influence its plasticity
Elisabeth, Nathalie Hortensia. "Plasticité tissulaire et cellulaire du filament branchial des Lucinidae symbiotiques côtiers Codakia orbiculata et Lucine pensylvanica." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0461/document.
Full textThe lateral zone of gills filaments of coastal bivalves Codakia orbiculata and Lucina pensylvanica is the site of chemoautotrophic symbiosis with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, housed in specialized cells called bacteriocytes. The objective of this thesis is to determine the mechanisms underlying cel1 plasticity and tissue plasticity observed in the lateral zone of gills filaments during the processes of bacterial decolonization and recolonization. In order to do this, the individuals collected in their natural habitat were maintained at the laboratory in seawater filtered tanks, without food and reduced sulfur, to cause bacterial decolonization. When the gills seemed to be purged, the individuals were returned to their natural habitat in order to cause the bacterial recolonization of gills filaments. The analysis of the gills during these processes involves several techniques (histology, immunohistochemistry, molecular hybridization, flow cytometry, total protein assays, protein sulfur assays, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry).This study shows that symbiont acquisition can occur during the entire life of Codakia bivalves. It also allows a better understanding of gills filaments plasticity by highlighting apoptosis and cell proliferation during decolonization and recolonization processes.Theses processes are accompanied with of elemental sufur, relative size and genomic content of symbiontes
El, Helou Rita. "Rôle des programmes épigénétiques dans la régulation de l'identité des cellules souches cancéreuses mammaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5019.
Full textTumor heterogeneity observed in breast cancer is the main cause of clinical failures despite a significant therapeutic arsenal. This heterogeneity is explained by the presence of a minority population of cells, the cancer stem cells (CSC). CSC are resistant to conventional therapies causing relapse and metastasis. Deciphering programs regulating the cardinal properties of these cells, self-renewal and differentiation, is a crucial step for the development of new therapies. The identity of CSC is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. The work of this thesis focused on the study of two epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation and microRNAs. We first identified a signature of 68 regions hypomethylated in CSC. This signature showed an enrichment of the TGF-ß pathway and had a prognostic impact on patient survival. We then were interested in the regulation of CSC by miRNAs. We identified miR-600, a bimodal microRNAs, regulating the self-renewal-differentiation balance. MiR-600 regulates Wnt pathway via SCD1. The identification of the miR-600/SCD1/Wnt axis opens a new therapeutic perspective to target CSCs. Our work deciphered epigenetic programs, regulating breast CSC-fate and open new perspective to improve breast cancer care
Lours, Corinne. "Contrôle de l'identité cellulaire par les régulateurs transcriptionnels à domaine BTB/POZ Bric à brac 1 et Bric à brac 2 chez Drosophila melanogaster." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM07.
Full textSimic, Milos. "The role of the UPRER in the acquisition of pluripotency during reprogramming." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066431.pdf.
Full textSomatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent stem cells state and is achieved by the forced expression of 4 transcription factors: OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. This process theoretically requires a global remodeling of the organelles and a drastic change in metabolism. Furthermore, reprogramming has an inherent property of stochastic variation that is limiting and largely unknown. We hypothesize that this variation is due, in part, by variable regulation of the protein homeostasis network. We therefore postulated that the early steps of reprogramming would result in the activation of a variety of stress pathways that regulate the protein homeostasis network, which might in turn impact the efficiency of reprogramming. We focused in particular on the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER). We find that the UPRER is activated during reprogramming and that its activation can increase the efficiency of this process. We find that stochastic activation of the UPRER can predict reprogramming efficiency. These results suggest that the low efficiency of cellular reprogramming is partly the result of the cell’s inability to initiate a proper stress response to cope with the newly expressed load of proteins that will eventually change the fate of this cell
Simic, Milos. "The role of the UPRER in the acquisition of pluripotency during reprogramming." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066431/document.
Full textSomatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent stem cells state and is achieved by the forced expression of 4 transcription factors: OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. This process theoretically requires a global remodeling of the organelles and a drastic change in metabolism. Furthermore, reprogramming has an inherent property of stochastic variation that is limiting and largely unknown. We hypothesize that this variation is due, in part, by variable regulation of the protein homeostasis network. We therefore postulated that the early steps of reprogramming would result in the activation of a variety of stress pathways that regulate the protein homeostasis network, which might in turn impact the efficiency of reprogramming. We focused in particular on the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER). We find that the UPRER is activated during reprogramming and that its activation can increase the efficiency of this process. We find that stochastic activation of the UPRER can predict reprogramming efficiency. These results suggest that the low efficiency of cellular reprogramming is partly the result of the cell’s inability to initiate a proper stress response to cope with the newly expressed load of proteins that will eventually change the fate of this cell