Academic literature on the topic 'Acquired obsessive-compulsive symptoms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Acquired obsessive-compulsive symptoms"
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Najafi, Tahereh, Rosmina Jaafar, Kiomars Najafi, and Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi. "Brain Waves Characteristics in Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 18, no. 01 (January 26, 2022): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i01.26805.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness causing patients to suffer from recurring undesirable thoughts (obsessions) conducting to do affairs repetitively (compulsions). Brain signals recorded by Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be analyzed in order to present a diagnostic procedure considering the localization approach. In this study, the signals acquired by EEG have been recorded from three groups; two case groups; patients with severe obsessive symptoms and patients with severe compulsive symptoms, and one healthy control group. Brain signal processing techniques have been applied on the signals emitted from frontal and parieto-occipital regions to discover the features leading to the best discrimination between case groups and healthy controls. In this regard, after preprocessing, the features of time and frequency domains presenting the significant meaningful relation were nominated for classification by linear discrimination analysis (LDA). Although the parieto-occipital region performed better in the diagnosis for both obsessive and compulsive groups, the features gained from the frontal cortex resulted in better discrimination for only the compulsive group. In addition, time domain features had a more significant influence in diagnosis rather than frequency domain for both case groups. The study presented particular characteristics of brain signals in two dimensions of OCD in specific brain regions leading to more accurate presurgical assessments in the studies between the affected brain regions and behavioral issues.
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Collison-Ani, Emma, Anissa Faher, Marcus Au, and Gayathri Burrah. "Cariprazine for treating coprophagia and organic psychosis in a young woman with acquired brain injury." BMJ Case Reports 16, no. 1 (January 2023): e248855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-248855.
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Coprophagia or the ingestion of faeces has been associated with medical conditions (seizure disorders, cerebral atrophy and tumours) and psychiatric disorders (mental retardation, alcoholism, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, fetishes, delirium and dementia). The case of a woman in her 30s presenting with coprophagia and psychotic symptoms following hypoxic brain injury is reported. The case is discussed and literature is reviewed. We investigate cariprazine, a relatively new atypical antipsychotic for treating coprophagia, associated with psychotic symptoms. Psychiatric evaluation revealed cognitive dysfunction and psychotic symptoms. Physical examination and laboratory evaluation were unremarkable. She was treated with haloperidol resulting in resolution of coprophagia. Attempts at switching to alternative antipsychotics, due to side effects, resulted in recurrence of coprophagia. Subsequent relapses required higher doses of haloperidol for remission of coprophagia and psychotic symptoms. She finally responded to cariprazine. While firm conclusions are not possible from the experience of a single case, we suggest cariprazine may also be a treatment option for coprophagia, particularly in patients with psychotic symptoms.
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Fan, Q., L. Palaniyappan, L. Tan, J. Wang, X. Wang, C. Li, T. Zhang, K. Jiang, Z. Xiao, and P. F. Liddle. "Surface anatomical profile of the cerebral cortex in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study of cortical thickness, folding and surface area." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 5 (August 31, 2012): 1081–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712001845.
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BackgroundStudying the distribution of anatomical abnormalities over the entire cortical surface can help to identify key neural circuits implicated in generating symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. There is a significant inconsistency among studies investigating the neuroanatomy of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) because of the confounding influence of co-morbid depression and medication use and the lack of unbiased estimation of whole-brain morphometric changes. It is also unknown whether the distinct surface anatomical properties of thickness, surface area and gyrification, which collectively contribute to grey matter volume (GMV), are independently affected in OCD.MethodThe cortical maps of thickness, gyrification and surface areal change were acquired from 23 unmedicated OCD patients and 20 healthy controls using an unbiased whole-brain surface-based morphometric (SBM) method to detect regional changes in OCD. Subcortical structures were not assessed in this study.ResultsPatients showed a significant increase in the right inferior parietal cortical thickness. Significant increases in gyrification were also noted in the left insula, left middle frontal and left lateral occipital regions extending to the precuneus and right supramarginal gyrus in OCD. Areal contraction/expansion maps revealed no significant regional differences between the patients and controls. In patients, gyrification of the insula significantly predicted the symptom severity measured using Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (YBOCS).ConclusionsAn alteration in the cortical surface anatomy is an important feature of OCD seen in unmedicated samples that relates to the severity of the illness. The results underscore the presence of a neurodevelopmental aberration underlying the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Fontenelle, Leonardo F., Ivanei E. Bramati, Jorge Moll, Mauro V. Mendlowicz, Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza, and Fernanda Tovar-Moll. "White Matter Changes in OCD Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging." CNS Spectrums 16, no. 5 (May 2011): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852912000260.
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AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its relationship to severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.MethodsConventional and diffusion tensor imaging were acquired in nine patients with OCD and nine gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were investigated using selected regions of interest (ROIs) analyses and whole brain tract-based spatial statistic analyses. A priori ROIs were placed bilaterally in internal capsule (IC), superior longitudinal fascicule (SLF), cingulate bundle (CB), and corpus calosum (CC).ResultsROIs analyses showed that, as compared to healthy volunteers, patients with OCD exhibited reduced FA values bilaterally in regions of the posterior limb of the IC and in the SLF and increased MD values bilaterally in the posterior limb of the IC, in the left CB, and in the splenium of CC. Voxelwise analysis showed that, as compared to controls, patients with OCD exhibited reduced FA and increased MD in regions of the cortical spinal tract (genu and posterior limb of internal capsule and corona radiata) and the SLF. Severity of OCD correlated with WM alterations in different brain regions, ie, the left (rho=0.70 [MD]) and right (rho=0.70 [MD]) anterior limb of the IC, the left (rho=0.97 [MD]) and right SLF (rho=0.81 [MD]), and the genu of CC (rho=0.66 [MD]; rho=-0.69 [FA]).ConclusionOur findings support the involvement of different WM tracts in OCD and suggest that greater impairment in WM integrity is associated with increased severity of OCD symptoms.
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Feusner, Jamie D., Reza Mohideen, Stephen Smith, Ilyas Patanam, Anil Vaitla, Christopher Lam, Michelle Massi, and Alex Leow. "Semantic Linkages of Obsessions From an International Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Mobile App Data Set: Big Data Analytics Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): e25482. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25482.
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Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts, urges, or images (obsessions) and repetitive physical or mental behaviors (compulsions). Previous factor analytic and clustering studies suggest the presence of three or four subtypes of OCD symptoms. However, these studies have relied on predefined symptom checklists, which are limited in breadth and may be biased toward researchers’ previous conceptualizations of OCD. Objective In this study, we examine a large data set of freely reported obsession symptoms obtained from an OCD mobile app as an alternative to uncovering potential OCD subtypes. From this, we examine data-driven clusters of obsessions based on their latent semantic relationships in the English language using word embeddings. Methods We extracted free-text entry words describing obsessions in a large sample of users of a mobile app, NOCD. Semantic vector space modeling was applied using the Global Vectors for Word Representation algorithm. A domain-specific extension, Mittens, was also applied to enhance the corpus with OCD-specific words. The resulting representations provided linear substructures of the word vector in a 100-dimensional space. We applied principal component analysis to the 100-dimensional vector representation of the most frequent words, followed by k-means clustering to obtain clusters of related words. Results We obtained 7001 unique words representing obsessions from 25,369 individuals. Heuristics for determining the optimal number of clusters pointed to a three-cluster solution for grouping subtypes of OCD. The first had themes relating to relationship and just-right; the second had themes relating to doubt and checking; and the third had themes relating to contamination, somatic, physical harm, and sexual harm. All three clusters showed close semantic relationships with each other in the central area of convergence, with themes relating to harm. An equal-sized split-sample analysis across individuals and a split-sample analysis over time both showed overall stable cluster solutions. Words in the third cluster were the most frequently occurring words, followed by words in the first cluster. Conclusions The clustering of naturally acquired obsessional words resulted in three major groupings of semantic themes, which partially overlapped with predefined checklists from previous studies. Furthermore, the closeness of the overall embedded relationships across clusters and their central convergence on harm suggests that, at least at the level of self-reported obsessional thoughts, most obsessions have close semantic relationships. Harm to self or others may be an underlying organizing theme across many obsessions. Notably, relationship-themed words, not previously included in factor-analytic studies, clustered with just-right words. These novel insights have potential implications for understanding how an apparent multitude of obsessional symptoms are connected by underlying themes. This observation could aid exposure-based treatment approaches and could be used as a conceptual framework for future research.
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Bervoets, C., H. Heylen, B. Nuttin, and M. Mc Laughlin. "Local field potentials in the BNST in patients with OCD: acute effects of DBS after symptom provocation." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1907.
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Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder that affects 2-3% of the population. Pharmacological or cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce symptoms. Deep brain stimulation is emerging for treatment-resistant patients. Objectives We measured neuronal activity in two patients with treatment-resistant OCD, who had DBS electrodes implanted bilaterally in the BNST. Local field potentials were recorded directly from the BNST during and without symptom provocation and without electrical stimulation. Methods In two patients with a diagnosis of treatment resistant OCD (TR-OCD) local field potentials (LFP) were recorded as part of their clinical follow up post-implantation. In both patients, the diagnosis of TR-OCD was confirmed by a neuropsychiatric examination and a multidisciplinary committee comprising both experienced psychiatrists and neurosurgeons from different medical centers in Belgium. We used BrainSense recording technology in the Percept PC to record the LFPs. The LFP recordings in the first patient were acquired on the 15th day after DBS surgery. In the second patient, the interval between implantation and recording was 18 days. Symptom provocation was performed using the MOCCS image set, developed by Mataix-Cols. Results At rest, relative power peaks in the BNST were highest in the theta (4-8 Hz) frequency band for both patients. In both patients switching DBS ON during provocation images appears to cause the LFP signal to closely resemble that recorded during neutral images. Conclusions The main finding of this pilot study is that switching stimulation ON in the BNST during provocation images causes the LFP signal to more closely resemble the LFP recorded during neutral images. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Yagi, Michiyo, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Michiko Nakazato, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Kazuhiro Ishikawa, Chihiro Sutoh, Haruko Miyata, et al. "Relationship between symptom dimensions and white matter alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 29, no. 3 (September 13, 2016): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.45.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the severities of symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and white matter alterations.MethodsWe applied tract-based spatial statistics for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquired by 3T magnetic resonance imaging. First, we compared fractional anisotropy (FA) between 20 OCD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). Then, applying whole brain analysis, we searched the brain regions showing correlations between the severities of symptom dimensions assessed by Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and FA in all participants. Finally, we calculated the correlations between the six symptom dimensions and multiple DTI measures [FA, axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD)] in a region-of-interest (ROI) analysis and explored the differences between OCD patients and HC.ResultsThere were no between-group differences in FA or brain region correlations between the severities of symptom dimensions and FA in any of the participants. ROI analysis revealed negative correlations between checking severity and left inferior frontal gyrus white matter and left middle temporal gyrus white matter and a positive correlation between ordering severity and right precuneus in FA in OCD compared with HC. We also found negative correlations between ordering severity and right precuneus in RD, between obsessing severities and right supramarginal gyrus in AD and MD, and between hoarding severity and right insular gyrus in AD.ConclusionOur study supported the hypothesis that the severities of respective symptom dimensions are associated with different patterns of white matter alterations.
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Dragoi, Ana Miruna, Angela Enache, Ilinca Vlaicu, and Amelia Damiana Trifu. "OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PARTICULARITIES BEFORE AND AFTER REMISSION OF ACUTE PHASE EPISODES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.719.
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Motivation/Background: We aim at presenting a case that would circumscribe to the concept of schizo-obsessive disorder, in which the onset at the end of adolescence was with OC phenomenology, the negative symptoms appearing subsequently, while the productive perceptual and ideational area (auditory hallucinations and pseudohallucinations, next to the reference delusional ideation and Kandinsky Clerambault syndrome) developed at about one year and a half after social insulation. To be noticed that in residual phases, OC phenomenology acquires other connotations than those prior to schizophrenia onset, the patient never acquiring again a total insight on the disorder.
Method: Computed EEG, psychiatric interview, psychodynamic interview, psychiatric and psychological monitoring of daily evolution under treatment, life map, heteroanamnesis, psychological tests, psychodynamic interpretations.
Results: According to Poyurovsky’s guide, the case circumscribes to the diagnostic of schizo-obsessive disorder. When obsessions and compulsions were related to the content of delusional ideas and hallucinations, other typical rituals of obsessive-compulsive disorders appeared too, the patient considered sometimes irrational and excessive.
Conclusions: Social degradation of the patient is dictated mainly by the negative dimension of schizophrenia, secondly by energy consumption in fulfilling the rituals and compulsions and last but not least by the mood change in depressive sense.
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Luo, F., J. F. Leckman, L. Katsovich, D. Findley, H. Grantz, D. M. Tucker, P. J. Lombroso, R. A. King, and D. E. Bessen. "Prospective Longitudinal Study of Children With Tic Disorders and/or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Relationship of Symptom Exacerbations to Newly Acquired Streptococcal Infections." PEDIATRICS 113, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): e578-e585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.6.e578.
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Cano, M., P. Alonso, I. Martínez-Zalacaín, M. Subirà, E. Real, C. Segalàs, J. Pujol, N. Cardoner, J. M. Menchón, and C. Soriano-Mas. "Altered functional connectivity of the subthalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in obsessive–compulsive disorder." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 6 (August 22, 2017): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717002288.
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BackgroundThe assessment of inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) has allowed for the description of the putative mechanism of action of treatments such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, the possible FC alterations of other clinically-effective DBS targets have not been explored. Here we evaluated the FC patterns of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in patients with OCD, as well as their association with symptom severity.MethodsEighty-six patients with OCD and 104 healthy participants were recruited. A resting-state image was acquired for each participant and a seed-based analysis focused on our two regions of interest was performed using statistical parametric mapping software (SPM8). Between-group differences in FC patterns were assessed with two-sample t test models, while the association between symptom severity and FC patterns was assessed with multiple regression analyses.ResultsIn comparison with controls, patients with OCD showed: (1) increased FC between the left STN and the right pre-motor cortex, (2) decreased FC between the right STN and the lenticular nuclei, and (3) increased FC between the left BNST and the right frontopolar cortex. Multiple regression analyses revealed a negative association between clinical severity and FC between the right STN and lenticular nucleus.ConclusionsThis study provides a neurobiological framework to understand the mechanism of action of DBS on the STN and the BNST, which seems to involve brain circuits related with motor response inhibition and anxiety control, respectively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acquired obsessive-compulsive symptoms"
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Hemberger, Helga Christine. "The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1902.
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Doctor of Clinical PsychologyObsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms occur in a variety of clinical conditions, but the underlying pathogenesis of these symptoms remains elusive. Few neuropsychological investigations have compared idiopathic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with patient groups where OC symptoms are acquired. The present study investigated the neuropsychological correlates of OC symptoms in OCD and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative illness in which OC symptoms are often acquired. Neuroimaging in OCD has consistently implicated the frontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. These areas overlap considerably with the sites of cerebral pathology found in FTD. OCD has been associated with a number of neuropsychological deficits, with most consistent findings pointing towards impaired executive function (EF), and less commonly reported deficits in visual memory and visuospatial ability. The neuropsychological hallmark of FTD is deficits in EF. However in both OCD and FTD, the relationship between cognitive deficits and OC symptoms remains unclear. Further, the extent to which OC symptoms are comparable between the groups is ambiguous. Part I of the present study compared 19 OCD subjects to 20 age, education and IQ-matched healthy controls on a battery of neuropsychological tests of all major cognitive domains with emphasis on EF. A measure of Theory of Mind (ToM) thought to be sensitive to orbitofrontal function was also administered. OCD subjects performed worse than controls on a measure of visual memory, visuospatial reasoning and on only one measure of EF. OCD symptom subtypes, as measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI), were not correlated with any cognitive deficits. No group differences in ToM were found. It is suggested that prior research has overestimated the severity and significance of EF deficits in OCD. Part II of the study compared 9 FTD participants with 10 matched healthy controls on the same neuropsychological test battery and OC symptom measures. In addition, a measure of compulsive behaviours used in neurological populations was administered to carers. While the incidence of OC symptoms was comparable to reports in previous studies (78%), the OCI was not sensitive in the detection of OC symptoms in FTD. The similarities and differences in OC symptoms between the two patient groups are discussed.
Books on the topic "Acquired obsessive-compulsive symptoms"
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Passaro, Antony, Foteini Christidi, Vasiliki Tsirka, and Andrew C. Papanicolaou. White Matter Connectivity. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.5.
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The applications of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have increased considerably among both normal and diverse neuropsychiatric populations in recent years. In this chapter, the authors examine the contributions of DTI in identifying profiles of trait-specific connectivity in several groups defined in terms of gender, age, handedness, and general intelligence. Additionally, the DTI literature is reviewed across a range of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and acquired neurological disorders resulting from neuronal injury such as traumatic brain injury, aphasia, agnosia, amnesia, and apraxia. DTI metrics sensitive to psychiatric disorders encompassing obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and alcoholism are reviewed. Future uses of DTI as a promising means of confirming diagnoses and identifying in vivo early microstructural changes of patients’ clinical symptoms are discussed.
Book chapters on the topic "Acquired obsessive-compulsive symptoms"
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Fernández de la Cruz, Lorena, and David Mataix-Cols. "Hoarding disorder." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin, 1023–30. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0099.
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Hoarding disorder (HD) is a mental disorder that was newly included in the obsessive–compulsive and related disorders chapter of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It is also planned for inclusion in the International Classification of Diseases, eleventh revision (ICD-11). Individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for HD experience persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items and distress associated with discarding them. This results in the accumulation of possessions that congest and clutter active living areas and substantially compromise their intended use, causing clinically significant distress or impairment. These symptoms must not be attributable to another medical or mental disorder. A majority of people diagnosed with HD excessively acquire items that they do not need or for which no space is available. Currently, the intervention with the strongest evidence base for HD is cognitive behavioural therapy tailored to the hoarding difficulties.