Relevant bibliographies by topics / Acoustic deterrents

Academic literature on the topic 'Acoustic deterrents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Acoustic deterrents"

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Putland, R. L., and A. F. Mensinger. "Acoustic deterrents to manage fish populations." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 29, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 789–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-019-09583-x.

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Penny, Samuel G., Rachel L. White, Dawn M. Scott, Lynne MacTavish, and Angelo P. Pernetta. "Using drones and sirens to elicit avoidance behaviour in white rhinoceros as an anti-poaching tactic." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1907 (July 17, 2019): 20191135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1135.

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Poaching fuelled by international trade in horn caused the deaths of over 1000 African rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis ) per year between 2013 and 2017. Deterrents, which act to establish avoidance behaviours in animals, have the potential to aid anti-poaching efforts by moving at-risk rhinos away from areas of danger (e.g. near perimeter fences). To evaluate the efficacy of deterrents, we exposed a population of southern white rhinos ( C. simum simum ) to acoustic- (honeybee, siren, turtle dove), olfactory- (chilli, sunflower), and drone-based stimuli on a game reserve in South Africa. We exposed rhinos to each stimulus up to four times. Stimuli were considered effective deterrents if they repeatedly elicited avoidance behaviour (locomotion away from the deterrent). Rhinos travelled significantly further in response to the siren than to the honeybee or turtle dove stimulus, and to low-altitude drone flights than to higher altitude flights. We found the drone to be superior at manipulating rhino movement than the siren owing to its longer transmission range and capability of pursuit. By contrast, the scent stimuli were ineffective at inciting avoidance behaviour. Our findings indicate that deterrents are a prospective low-cost and in situ method to manage rhino movement in game reserves.
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Ramp, Daniel, Clio Gates Foale, Erin Roger, and David B. Croft. "Suitability of acoustics as non-lethal deterrents for macropodids: the influence of origin, delivery and anti-predator behaviour." Wildlife Research 38, no. 5 (2011): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11093.

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Context Auditory devices used to deter wildlife are a potentially humane and effective way of minimising deleterious interactions with humans and their livelihoods and have been used successfully for many species around the world. Acoustic cues can be used to manipulate anti-predator behaviour, encouraging animals to forage elsewhere. Employing acoustics derived from natural sources to make use of innate behavioural responses has been suggested to outperform novel or artificial sounds; however, anti-predator strategies vary among sympatric species and will influence the utility of acoustic stimuli for deterring wildlife. Aims We aimed to test the interaction between the source of origin (natural or novel) and species traits (anti-predator strategy – grouping behaviour) on the efficacy of using acoustic stimuli to elicit alarm responses for two species in the family Macropodidae commonly associated with browsing on forest plantation seedlings; the red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis) and the red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus banksianus). Methods We tested these factors in captivity using playback experiments of acoustic stimuli and monitored the behavioural responses of subjects. Results Red-necked pademelons exhibited strong responses to bioacoustic and novel stimuli but did not greatly differentiate among them. Short-term habituation to predator calls was detected whereas responsiveness to novel sounds increased. Red-necked wallabies most strongly responded to conspecific distress calls, showing no sign of short-term habituation. Conclusions Results from the present and other studies suggest that bioacoustic deterrents, particularly those utilising natural conspecific sounds, aimed at communicating danger, have the potential to play an important role in non-lethal wildlife management, although that responsiveness varies with the form of anti-predator strategies employed. Implications If alarm responses translate into subjects vacating targeted areas, then there is some potential to implement non-lethal acoustic deterrents for macropodids alongside other management measures aimed at preventing impacts on primary production. Problematically, our experiments showed that without accurate acoustic delivery, particularly of sounds with infrasonic components, the development of effective bioacoustic deterrents may remain stymied.
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Santana-Garcon, Julia, Corey B. Wakefield, Stacey R. Dorman, Ainslie Denham, Stuart Blight, Brett W. Molony, and Stephen J. Newman. "Risk versus reward: interactions, depredation rates, and bycatch mitigation of dolphins in demersal fish trawls." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 12 (December 2018): 2233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0203.

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An improved understanding of interaction dynamics between dolphins and trawlers is essential for improving bycatch mitigation strategies. In-situ observations using video at increasing distances from the net opening during 50 commercial fish trawls, recorded 5908 common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821)) interactions and provided details on their duration, depredation rates, and behaviours. Dolphin interactions with trawls were very common (98% of day-trawls, 118 ± 16 interactions per trawl), with durations and prey consumption positively correlated with the distances ventured into the net. Acoustic deterrents (pingers) had no effect on interaction numbers or durations. Based on in-situ observations, the factors that contribute toward dolphin bycatch in demersal fish trawls were likely associated with (i) risky dolphin behaviour (i.e., entering net during hauling, residing deep within trawl for extended periods or social aggression) and (or) (ii) instability of fishing gear resulting in entrapment. Given the high level of dolphin attendance during most day-trawls, mitigation strategies that focus on improving and monitoring the stability of trawl gear would be more effective than current acoustic deterrent devices aimed at modifying dolphin behaviour.
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BROWN, KENNETH M., GARY W. PETERSON, GERALD J. GEORGE, and MICHAEL MCDONOUGH. "ACOUSTIC DETERRENTS DO NOT REDUCE BLACK DRUM PREDATION ON OYSTERS." Journal of Shellfish Research 25, no. 2 (August 2006): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2006)25[537:addnrb]2.0.co;2.

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Weaver, Sara P., Cris D. Hein, Thomas R. Simpson, Jonah W. Evans, and Ivan Castro-Arellano. "Ultrasonic acoustic deterrents significantly reduce bat fatalities at wind turbines." Global Ecology and Conservation 24 (December 2020): e01099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01099.

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Thady, Robin G., Lauren C. Emerson, and John P. Swaddle. "Evaluating acoustic signals to reduce avian collision risk." PeerJ 10 (May 10, 2022): e13313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13313.

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Collisions with human-made structures are responsible for billions of bird deaths each year, resulting in ecological damage as well as regulatory and financial burdens to many industries. Acoustic signals can alert birds to obstacles in their flight paths in order to mitigate collisions, but these signals should be tailored to the sensory ecology of birds in flight as the effectiveness of various acoustic signals potentially depends on the influence of background noise and the relative ability of various sound types to propagate within a landscape. We measured changes in flight behaviors from zebra finches released into a flight corridor containing a physical obstacle, either in no-additional-sound control conditions or when exposed to one of four acoustic signals. We selected signals to test two frequency ranges (4–6 kHz or 6–8 kHz) and two temporal modulation patterns (broadband or frequency-modulated oscillating) to determine whether any particular combination of sound attributes elicited the strongest collision avoidance behaviors. We found that, relative to control flights, all sound treatments caused birds to maintain a greater distance from hazards and to adjust their flight trajectories before coming close to obstacles. There were no statistical differences among different sound treatments, but consistent trends within the data suggest that the 4–6 kHz frequency-modulated oscillating signal elicited the strongest avoidance behaviors. We conclude that a variety of acoustic signals can be effective as avian collision deterrents, at least in the context in which we tested these birds. These results may be most directly applicable in scenarios when birds are at risk of collisions with solid structures, such as wind turbines and communication towers, as opposed to window collisions or collisions involving artificial lighting. We recommend the incorporation of acoustic signals into multimodal collision deterrents and demonstrate the value of using behavioral data to assess collision risk.
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Racca, Roberto G. "Testing acoustic fish deterrents for use under‐ice in arctic lakes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 (April 2005): 2553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4788496.

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Kraus, Scott O. "The Once and Future Ping: Challenges for the Use of Acoustic Deterrents in Fisheries." Marine Technology Society Journal 33, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.33.2.15.

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Turney, Dominique D., Andrea K. Fritts, Brent C. Knights, Jon M. Vallazza, Douglas S. Appel, and James T. Lamer. "Hydrological and lock operation conditions associated with paddlefish and bigheaded carp dam passage on a large and small scale in the Upper Mississippi River (Pools 14–18)." PeerJ 10 (August 2, 2022): e13822. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13822.

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Movement and dispersal of migratory fish species is an important life-history characteristics that can be impeded by navigation dams. Although habitat fragmentation may be detrimental to native fish species, it might act as an effective and economical barrier for controlling the spread of invasive species in riverine systems. Various technologies have been proposed as potential fish deterrents at locks and dams to reduce bigheaded carp (i.e., silver carp and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.)) range expansion in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Lock and Dam (LD) 15 is infrequently at open-river condition (spillway gates completely open; hydraulic head across the dam <0.4 m) and has been identified as a potential location for fish deterrent implementation. We used acoustic telemetry to evaluate paddlefish passage at UMR dams and to evaluate seasonal and diel movement of paddlefish and bigheaded carp relative to environmental conditions and lock operations at LD 15. We observed successful paddlefish passage at all dams, with the highest number of passages occurring at LDs 17 and 16. Paddlefish residency events in the downstream lock approach of LD 15 occurred more frequently and for longer durations than residency events of bigheaded carp. We documented upstream passages completed by two individual paddlefish through the lock chamber at LD 15, and a single bighead carp completed upstream passage through the lock chamber during two separate years of this study. We identified four bigheaded carp and 19 paddlefish that made upstream passages through the spillway gates at LD 15 during this study. The majority of the upstream passages through the spillway gates for both species occurred during open river conditions. When hydraulic head was approximately 1-m or greater, we observed these taxa opt for upstream passage through the lock chamber more often than the dam gates. In years with infrequent open-river condition, a deterrent placed in the downstream lock approach may assist in meeting the management goal of reducing upstream passage of bigheaded carps but could also potentially affect paddlefish residency and passage. Continued study to understand the effects of deterrents on native fish could be beneficial for implementing an integrated bigheaded carp control strategy. Understanding fish behavior at UMR dams is a critical information need for river managers as they evaluate potential tools or technologies to control upstream expansion of bigheaded carp in the UMR.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acoustic deterrents"

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Björklund, Aksoy Simon. "Do potentially seal-safe pingers deter harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the vicinity of gillnets and thereby reduce bycatch?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170512.

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Incidental bycatch in gillnets is a substantial threat to small cetaceans. Using Acoustic Deterrent Devices, “pingers”, have successfully reduced bycatch of harbour porpoises in gillnets. However, seals can use pingers as “dinner-bells” to easier find gillnets in order to raid and destroy them, further aggravating the existing conflicts between seals and coastal fisheries. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of two alleged “seal-safe” pingers, an experimental Banana pinger “SSB” and a Future Oceans F70 pinger “FO”, in deterring harbour porpoises from the vicinity of gillnets and thereby reducing bycatch in commercial gillnet fisheries, was tested. This was done by deploying click detectors, “C-PODs”, recording Detection Positive Minutes per hour, at each end of gillnets, provided with the two pinger types or no pingers at all. Bycatch instances were recorded into logbooks by participating fishermen and verified using video footage from on-board video cameras. Results showed that video monitoring was a reliable method for verifying the number of bycatches of porpoises and seals, but not seabirds, recorded in the fishermen’s logbooks. The experimental SSB pingers and the FO pingers significantly reduced porpoise presence, measured as Detection Positive Minutes per hour in the vicinity of the nets, compared to gillnets without pingers. However, the sample size was too small to yield a significant result regarding the bycatch reducing efficiency and dinner bell effect of the experimental pingers. Nevertheless, bycatch trends suggest that pingers did in fact reduce porpoise bycatch. Although both successful, FO pingers were slightly more efficient in deterring porpoises than SSB pingers. The SSB pinger sounds had bigger directionality variations than the FO pinger, which may have affected its deterrent effects. Therefore, additional trials are needed to further investigate this aspect.
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Nordeen, Carrie Louise. "The influence of high-amplitude acoustic deterrents on the distribution, abundance, and behaviour of baleen whales /." 2002.

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Lai, Chang-Hung, and 賴昌宏. "Feasibility Study of Acoustical Dolphin Deterrence." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40774303640789731057.

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碩士
國立中山大學
海下技術研究所
90
ABSTRACT The conservation of cetaceans in Pescadores was originated in 1990. However, the conflict between the fishery loss and cetacean protection keeps growing. The fishery loss caused by cetaceans are mainly: “steal fish” and ”frighten fish group”, and the others like ”damage fishing gear” and ”interfere fishing operation”, and etc.By the understanding of dolphins behavior, this study proposed acoustical deterrent methods; 1.harassment:look for echolocation system frequency range, and broadcast disarrange signals to produce an illusion, and prevent dolphins from locating the target. 2. threat: broadcast sounds of its predators which is killer whales to scare dolphins from approaching the fishing vessels. 3. warning: loud noise or alert sounds of dolphins. The circuits of generating above sounds are designed, test and modified after the field test . Underwater speaker was used to broadcast sounds of 10 kHz , 20 kHz , killer whales sound and distress call of dolphins. The test results showed these dolphins avoided the sound source, especially during killer whales sound and stress call of dolphins. They were effective to deter dolphins to reduce stealing fish on the sea. More effective deterrence device should be developed through this study to reduce the loss of fisherman, and achieve the cetacean conservation goal.
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Piniak, Wendy Erin Dow. "Acoustic Ecology of Sea Turtles: Implications for Conservation." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6159.

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An understanding of sensory ecology, how animals receive and respond to their environment, can be a powerful tool for the conservation of endangered species because it can allow us to assess the potential success of actions designed to mitigate particular threats. We have a general understanding of how sea turtles perceive and respond to certain visual, magnetic, and chemical cues, but we understand very little about how they perceive and respond to acoustic cues. This dissertation explores the acoustic ecology of sea turtles, focusing on their auditory capabilities, responses to acoustic stimuli and the implications of this knowledge for their conservation. I measured the underwater and aerial hearing sensitivities of juvenile green (Chelonia mydas), hatchling leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), and hatchling hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles by recording auditory evoked potential responses to tonal stimuli. Green turtles detected tonal stimuli between 50 and 1,600 Hz underwater (maximum sensitivity: 200-400 Hz) and 50 and 800 Hz in air (maximum sensitivity: 300-400 Hz), leatherbacks detected tonal stimuli between 50 and 1,200 Hz underwater (maximum sensitivity: 100-400 Hz) and 50 and 1,600 Hz in air (maximum sensitivity: 50-400Hz), and hawksbills detected tonal stimuli between 50 and 1,600 Hz in both media (maximum sensitivity: 200-400 Hz). Sea turtles were more sensitive to aerial than underwater stimuli when audiograms were compared in terms of sound pressure, but they were more sensitive to underwater stimuli when audiograms were compared in terms of sound intensity. I also examined the behavioral responses of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) to simulated low frequency acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) and found that these turtles exhibited a mild, aversive response to these sounds. This finding indicates that low frequency tonal ADDs have the potential to warn sea turtles of the presence of fishing gear and suggest that field tests of ADDs are warranted. Finally, I conducted a comprehensive review of our knowledge of the acoustic ecology of sea turtles, examined the sources of marine anthropogenic sound sea turtles are able to detect, evaluated the potential physiological and behavioral effects of anthropogenic sound, identified data gaps, and made recommendations for future research.


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Wray-Barnes, Alexander. "Age, growth and patterns of occurrence in smooth hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna zygaena) off the coast of New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1353450.

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Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Significant declines in the catch rates of smooth hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna zygaena) have recently been reported off the coast of New South Wales, Australia. Quantitative investigations on the life history and correlates of distribution of exploited marine species is fundamental in providing sound species management, as resulting quantifiable results can help determine how population structures are affected by fishing, and their capacity to recover from reduced stocks. This information is particularly important for commercially targeted animals, such as sharks. This thesis assesses the age, growth and distribution of juvenile smooth hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna zygaena) on the east coast of Australia. Vertebra, along with information on sample sex, size and stage of maturity were collected from 144 sharks. Lengths-at-age and growth rates were estimated from vertebral growth band counts for 82 females (109 – 284 cm total length (LT) and 62 males (120 – 255 cm LT). A multimodal approach (various growth functions) was used on pooled data and then separated by sex. These were compared using Akaike Information Criterion, sorted by Akaike score (Δ) with supporting evidence weighed using Akaike weights (ω). These indicate that a multimodal approach is necessary for growth analysis and that sex specific models are required. Females attained a maximum theoretical total length (L∞) of 302.2 cm and k of 0.06, whereas male L∞ was larger at 340.7 cm with a k of 0.06. Sex ratios were similar, however 96% of samples were not sexually mature, indicating that the coastal population of S. zygaena are mostly immature. These results have important implications in assessing the resilience of S. zygaena to stock depletion in south eastern Australian waters. This is fundamental for management decisions about status listings and allowable fishery interactions. Environmental variables influencing the catch of juvenile S. zygaena within the New South Wales Shark Meshing (Bather Protection) Program (SMP) were investigated to identify potential variables that explain spatial and temporal variability in catches. Using remotely sensed products and spatial conditions, 23 years of daily catch data from the SMP were applied to generalised linear mixed models with random effects to predict capture. The environmental variables assessed included sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall and chlorophyll a, as well as spatial and temporal variables such as distance to estuary mouth, substrate type, moon phase and southern oscillation index. Additionally, the introduction of acoustic deterrent devices were included in the model using year of introduction (1999). Corellative information indicates that juvenile S. zygaena catch were greatest at warmer SSTs, during dry weather, dark moon phases, in primarily sandy surroundings, and in nets closest to estuary mouths. Chlorophyll a concentration and southern oscillation did not help explain variation in catch. However, after adjusting for temporal changes in significant environmental factors, a temporal decline in catch was still present, indicating that the temporal decline in catch was not attributed to the environmental conditions assessed. The best predictor of temporal decline in the model was the introduction of acoustic deterent devices on nets. While a catch decrease after device introduction may be coincidental to an actual decline in the population, the close agreement between the fit of the model and the change point suggests that the temporal decline was associated with the introduction of the acoustic devices. This study suggests that further investigation at a finer level of detail (i.e. satellite tracking) is required into how each of the significant environmental conditions drives movement patterns of S. zygaena. This will also allow for a confirmation of the current studies method in detecting environmental patterns of occurrence and may allow an opportunity to test how acoustic alarms may affect their sensory biology. This thesis can assist decision makers in potential status listings both locally and worldwide. The identification of environmental and demographic catch patterns allow for informed coastal management decisions to take place, complementing future species specific adaptive management strategies.
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Books on the topic "Acoustic deterrents"

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R, Mate Bruce, Harvey James Thomas, and Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program., eds. Acoustical deterrents in marine mammal conflicts with fisheries: A workshop held February 17-18, 1986 at Newport, Oregon. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University, Sea Grant College Program, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Acoustic deterrents"

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Koss, Mikołaj, Martin Stjernstedt, Iwona Pawliczka, Anja Reckendorf, and Ursula Siebert. "Whaling, Seal Hunting and the Effect of Fisheries on Marine Mammals." In Marine Mammals, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06836-2_3.

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AbstractThere are various types of interactions between marine mammals and fisheries, and their presence in the same area inevitably leads to conflicts. Marine mammals may lose their lives as bycatch, which is the incidental catch of non-target species in fishing gear. On the other hand, some marine mammals specialise in feeding on fish caught in fishing gear, resulting in damaged and reduced catch as well as destroyed fishing gear. There are different methods to reduce bycatch and catch damage, such as reducing fishing efforts, using acoustic deterrent devices, employing temporal and zonal closure of fishing areas and using alternative fishing gear. Here we give an overview of whaling and sealing from historical and present perspectives, with examples for Baltic marine mammals. We present hands-on activities to familiarise students and teachers with investigations of prey remains, such as otoliths (fish ear stones) found in faeces, to learn about marine mammal diet. Additionally, we introduce a whaling role play designed as a debate between interest groups, to better understand whaling from different perspectives.
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Lambert, D. "Planning and design of the UK’s largest acoustic and light-based fish deterrent system." In International Fish Screening Techniques, 127–40. WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-849-7/011.

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Conference papers on the topic "Acoustic deterrents"

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Leighton, Timothy G., Helen A. L. Currie, Amelia Holgate, Craig N. Dolder, Sian Lloyd Jones, Paul R. White, and Paul S. Kemp. "Analogies in contextualizing human response to airborne ultrasound and fish response to acoustic noise and deterrents." In 5th International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. ASA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0001260.

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Sutin, Alexander, and Yegor Sinelnikov. "Time Reversal Acoustic approach for non-lethal swimmer deterrent." In 2010 International Waterside Security Conference (WSS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wssc.2010.5730287.

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Erbe, Christine, Sabine Wintner, Sheldon F. J. Dudley, and Stephanie Plön. "Revisiting acoustic deterrence devices: Long-term bycatch data from South Africa’s bather protection nets." In Fourth International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000306.

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Wang, Zhaohong, and Sen-ching S. Cheung. "On privacy preference in collusion-deterrence games for secure multi-party computation." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2016.7472036.

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Jones, Jeffrey M., and Bert Mayer. "An Integrated Cooling Water Intake System Enhancement Strategy." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50061.

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Cooling water intake problems come in many forms. These problems can include large schools of fish or jellyfish, seaweed, lake grass, sand, and silt buildup or carryover in the cooling water intake and screen house. Lower lake levels and higher average temperatures, zebra mussel infestation, and non-uniform flow rates between traveling water screen (TWS) bays and circulating water pump bays due to under-sized intake structures can also affect cooling water intake. Downstream of the cooling water intake, flow imbalances caused by entrained debris challenge heat exchanger designs and aging equipment. One Midwestern plant developed an integrated approach to improve the overall performance of the cooling water intake which will result in increased operating efficiency. For the subject plant, this paper will discuss specific modifications planned or undertaken and their benefits and limitations, flow modeling and design margin analyses completed and in process, anticipated reduction in debris carryover, impingement, and entrainment, and suggested further improvements. The majority of modifications undertaken or planned at the subject plant are generally intended to minimize debris carryover and to reduce problems associated with system blockages and heat exchanger tube fouling. Specific modifications to be discussed include: an acoustic fish deterrent system at the inlet tunnel entrance, replacement of the flow-through TWS’s with an industry first-of-a-kind design screen technology, screen wash, and debris transport and removal system modifications, service water system strainer basket modifications, service water system heat exchanger repairs and modifications, and installation of a sodium hypochlorite system.
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Reports on the topic "Acoustic deterrents"

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Johnson, Joshua B., W. Mark Ford, Jane L. Rodrigue, and John W. Edwards. Effects of acoustic deterrents on foraging bats. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rn-129.

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Will, Eric M. Novel Acoustic Projectors for Non-Lethal Swimmer Deterrence. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533141.

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Lagerquist, Barbara, Martha Winsor, and Bruce Mate. Testing the effectiveness of an acoustic deterrent for gray whales along the Oregon coast. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1088663.

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Schirmacher, Michael R. Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent in Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1605929.

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