Dissertations / Theses: 'ACO TECHNIQUE'

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Kollin, Felix, and Adel Bavey. "Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms : Pheromone Techniques for TSP." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208374.

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Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) uses behaviour observed in real-life ant colonies in order to solve shortest path problems. Short paths are found with the use of pheromones, which allow ants to communicate indirectly. There are numerous pheromone distribution techniques for virtual ant systems and this thesis studies two of the most well known, Elitist and Max-Min. Implementations of Elitist and Max-Min ACO algorithms were tested using instances of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The performance of the different techniques are compared with respect to runtime, iterations and approximation quality when the optimal solution could not be found. It was found that the Elitist strategy performs better on small TSP instances where the number of possible paths are reduced. However, Max-Min proved to be more reliable and better performing when more paths could be chosen or size of the instances increased. When approximating solutions for large instances, Elitist was able to achieve high quality approximations faster than Max-Min. On the other hand, the overall quality of the approximations were better when Max-Min was studied after a slightly longer runtime, compared to Elitist.
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) drar lärdom av beteende observerat hos riktiga myror för att lösa kortaste vägen problem. Korta vägar hittas med hjälp av feromoner, som tillåter myror att kommunicera indirekt. Det finns flera tekniker för att distribuera feromoner i virtuella myr-system och denna rapport kommer studera två av de mest kända, Elitist och Max-Min. Implementationer av Elitist och Max-Min ACO algoritmer testades med instanser av Handelsresandeproblemet (TSP). Prestandan hos de olika teknikerna jämförs med avseende på körtid, iterationer och approximeringskvalité när den optimala lösningen inte kunde hittas. Det konstaterades att Elitist strategin fungerar bättre på små TSP instanser där antalet möjliga stigar är begränsade. Däremot visade det sig Max-Min vara bättre och mer pålitlig när instansernas storlek ökades eller när fler stigar kunde väljas. När lösningar approximerades för stora instanser kunde Elitist uppnå approximationer med god kvalité snabbare än Max-Min. Däremot var den generella kvalitén hos approximationerna bättre när Max-Min studerades efter en lite längre körtid, jämfört med Elitist.

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Valery, Alexia. "Caractérisation de microtextures par la technique ACOM-TEM dans le cadre du développement des technologies avancées en microélectronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI018/document.

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Afin d’optimiser les composants de l’industrie de la microélectronique, il est essentiel d’établir le lien entre la texture cristallographique des matériaux constitutifs et leurs propriétés électriques, thermiques et mécaniques. Ainsi, il est nécessaire de disposer d’outils capables de cartographier la morphologie et l’orientation cristallographique des grains à l’échelle nanométrique. La technique ACOM, implémentée sur un Microscope Electronique en Transmission (MET), permet d’obtenir ces informations en exploitant les figures de diffraction électronique. Dans cette thèse, les capacités de cette technique sont évaluées, à la fois pour déterminer la microtexture de matériaux confinés dans quelques dizaines de nanomètres, et pour répondre aux problématiques associées à la fabrication de nouveaux circuits. Cette étude montre dans un premier temps l’importance de l’optimisation des conditions opératoires du MET afin de diminuer les erreurs d’indexation. Des analyses quantitatives de microtexture sont ensuite menées sur des films minces de siliciures de nickel-platine pour différents dopage du substrat, concentration en platine, et température de recuit. Enfin, le cas d’une superposition de signaux de diffraction observé lorsque plusieurs grains sont contenus dans l’épaisseur de l’échantillon est étudié. Les résultats montrent que les erreurs d’indexation restent rares dans ce cas et que les grains de plus large fraction volumique sont majoritairement sélectionnés par l’algorithme d’indexation. Une méthode est alors proposée pour traiter la totalité de l’information détectée dans les clichés de diffraction. Elle s’appuie sur l’indexation successive des orientations cristallographiques après soustraction préalable des réflexions associées à l’orientation précédemment indexée. Les capacités de cet outil en termes de caractérisation de la morphologie des grains superposés sont finalement comparées à deux autres techniques basées sur la reconstruction d’images en champ sombre et sur la factorisation en matrices non-négatives
The development of advanced nodes in microelectronics requires to understand the impact of crystal size and orientation on the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of materials. New tools have been developed to map the grains orientation and morphology of nanometer-scaled structures. Among them, the Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping technique used on a Transmission Electron Microscope (ACOM-TEM) is based on the indexation of electron diffraction patterns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abilities and limitations of the ACOM-TEM technique for the characterization of microelectronics-related materials. Consequently, its ability to analyze nano-sized materials and the possibility of answering problematics related to microelectronics front-end fabrication challenges were investigated. The study highlighted in the first place the importance of the TEM illumination settings. The results showed that minimizing the electron probe convergence angle even at the cost of a larger size has decreased mis-indexation issues. These optimum settings were used to perform quantitative texture analysis of NiPt-silicide thin films. Finally, the case of superimposed diffraction patterns related to overlapping grains was analyzed. Experiments showed that mis-indexing remains limited despite the superimposition and that grains with larger fraction volume were preferentially selected by template matching. A dedicated method was also proposed to overcome crystal overlapping issues. The approach is based on iterative re-indexation of diffraction patterns after subtraction of the reflections related to the previous ACOM best match. Considering the same diffraction patterns data-set, the capabilities of this method to recover the grains size and morphology were compared to two recent techniques based respectively on the analysis of virtual dark field (VDF) images and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)

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He, Xueying. "Characterization of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film by Combined Scattering Techniques." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1383645061.

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Moore, Simon Scott. "Perceived performance risk and its influence on Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS) - An exploratory study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15956/1/Simon_Moore_Thesis.pdf.

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Despite predictions of Internet shopping reaching 6.9 trillion dollars by the end of 2004, research is now suggesting many online consumers are still very reluctant to complete the online shopping process. A number of authors have attributed consumers' reluctance to purchase online to apparent barriers, however, such barriers have not been fully examined within a theoretical context. While most studies of consumers' decision to shop on the Internet have focussed on key shopping determinants, this thesis builds a conceptual model grounded in consumer behaviour theory. In particular, this thesis explores the application of the perceived risk theoretical framework, specifically looking at one dimension of perceived risk theory - performance risk and the influence it has on the phenomenon of Internet Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS). To explore this phenomenon, a number of extrinsic cues are identified as playing a major role in the performance evaluation process of online purchases. The combination of these elements enabled the researcher to develop a conceptual model from which a series of propositions were drawn. To acquire pertinent data and investigate each proposition, this study used a combination of indirect and direct techniques, namely projective techniques in the form of a third-person vignette, a structured tick-box questionnaire and finally semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that collectively the extrinsic cues of brand, reputation, design and price have an overall impact on the performance evaluation process just prior to an online purchase. Varying these cues either positively or negatively had a strong impact on performance evaluation. The conclusion of this study suggests consumers are often unable to measure the full extent of risk-taking directly. In the majority of cases, consumers are guided by numerous factors, some intrinsic, others extrinsic. E-tailers with an established reputation, a well designed web site with known brands and a balanced pricing strategy reduce the perceived performance risks associated with purchasing online, thus reducing the occurrence of ACS.

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Moore, Simon Scott. "Perceived performance risk and its influence on Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS) - An exploratory study." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15956/.

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Despite predictions of Internet shopping reaching 6.9 trillion dollars by the end of 2004, research is now suggesting many online consumers are still very reluctant to complete the online shopping process. A number of authors have attributed consumers' reluctance to purchase online to apparent barriers, however, such barriers have not been fully examined within a theoretical context. While most studies of consumers' decision to shop on the Internet have focussed on key shopping determinants, this thesis builds a conceptual model grounded in consumer behaviour theory. In particular, this thesis explores the application of the perceived risk theoretical framework, specifically looking at one dimension of perceived risk theory - performance risk and the influence it has on the phenomenon of Internet Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS). To explore this phenomenon, a number of extrinsic cues are identified as playing a major role in the performance evaluation process of online purchases. The combination of these elements enabled the researcher to develop a conceptual model from which a series of propositions were drawn. To acquire pertinent data and investigate each proposition, this study used a combination of indirect and direct techniques, namely projective techniques in the form of a third-person vignette, a structured tick-box questionnaire and finally semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that collectively the extrinsic cues of brand, reputation, design and price have an overall impact on the performance evaluation process just prior to an online purchase. Varying these cues either positively or negatively had a strong impact on performance evaluation. The conclusion of this study suggests consumers are often unable to measure the full extent of risk-taking directly. In the majority of cases, consumers are guided by numerous factors, some intrinsic, others extrinsic. E-tailers with an established reputation, a well designed web site with known brands and a balanced pricing strategy reduce the perceived performance risks associated with purchasing online, thus reducing the occurrence of ACS.

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Abidoye, Ademola Philip. "Energy optimization for wireless sensor networks using hierarchical routing techniques." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7064.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become a popular research area that is widely gaining the attraction from both the research and the practitioner communities due to their wide area of applications. These applications include real-time sensing for audio delivery, imaging, video streaming, and remote monitoring with positive impact in many fields such as precision agriculture, ubiquitous healthcare, environment protection, smart cities and many other fields. While WSNs are aimed to constantly handle more intricate functions such as intelligent computation, automatic transmissions, and in-network processing, such capabilities are constrained by their limited processing capability and memory footprint as well as the need for the sensor batteries to be cautiously consumed in order to extend their lifetime. This thesis revisits the issue of the energy efficiency in sensor networks by proposing a novel clustering approach for routing the sensor readings in wireless sensor networks. The main contribution of this dissertation is to 1) propose corrective measures to the traditional energy model adopted in current sensor networks simulations that erroneously discount both the role played by each node, the sensor node capability and fabric and 2) apply these measures to a novel hierarchical routing architecture aiming at maximizing sensor networks lifetime. We propose three energy models for sensor network: a) a service-aware model that account for the specific role played by each node in a sensor network b) a sensor-aware model and c) load-balancing energy model that accounts for the sensor node fabric and its energy footprint. These two models are complemented by a load balancing model structured to balance energy consumption on the network of cluster heads that forms the backbone for any cluster-based hierarchical sensor network. We present two novel approaches for clustering the nodes of a hierarchical sensor network: a) a distanceaware clustering where nodes are clustered based on their distance and the residual energy and b) a service-aware clustering where the nodes of a sensor network are clustered according to their service offered to the network and their residual energy. These approaches are implemented into a family of routing protocols referred to as EOCIT (Energy Optimization using Clustering Techniques) which combines sensor node energy location and service awareness to achieve good network performance. Finally, building upon the Ant Colony Optimization System (ACS), Multipath Routing protocol based on Ant Colony Optimization approach for Wireless Sensor Networks (MRACO) is proposed as a novel multipath routing protocol that finds energy efficient routing paths for sensor readings dissemination from the cluster heads to the sink/base station of a hierarchical sensor network. Our simulation results reveal the relative efficiency of the newly proposed approaches compared to selected related routing protocols in terms of sensor network lifetime maximization.

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Twitchell, Douglas P. "Automated Analysis Techniques for Online Conversations with Application in Deception Detection." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1111%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Mankou, Martin. "Les marchés publics dans le cadre de l'aide financière et technique du Fonds européen de développement aux États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10038.

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L'aide financière et technique du fonds européen de développement (FED) aux États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique sous les conventions d'association de Yaoundé et de coopération de Lomé induit notamment la réalisation des projets et programmes à travers la technique juridique du marché public. Au plan juridique, les marches publics de travaux, de fournitures et de services du FED dans les états ACP revêtent une dimension particulière ; en raison d'une triple implication : de la CEE en tant que source du financement international et public des marchés ; de l'état ACP en tant que bénéficiaire du financement et maître d'ouvrage ; des entreprises, des fournisseurs et des bureaux d'études des états membres et/ou des états ACP en tant que soumissionnaires ou titulaires. Le financement international d'origine publique de la CEE, la participation active de la commission des CE au processus de passation et d'exécution font se démarquer les marchés publics du FED dans les états ACP des marchés publics strictement nationaux c'est-à-ire financés par les budgets d'investissement de ces états. Il y a ici d'une part une attraction certaine de l'ordre juridique communautaire sur les opérations de passation et d'exécution des marchés et d'autre part la prise en compte des intérêts des personnes communautaires. Ce double constat aboutit à une neutralisation du pouvoir normatif de l'état ACP et de son ordre juridique qui se manifestent par l'exercice d'un pouvoir prépondérant formel ou insidieux de la commission des CE, la mise en tutelle de l'état ACP par la commission des CE, l'autonomisation de la réglementation applicable et enfin l'éviction des juridictions nationales de l'état ACP en cas de litiges. Par ailleurs, l'imprécision des centres de décision entre les représentants de l'état ACP maître d'ouvrage et les représentants de la commission des CE dans le processus de passation et d'exécution des marchés est une source de complexité du règlement contentieux qui plonge les soumissionnaires évincés et les titulaires des marchés dans une angoisse kafkaïenne. C'est à travers l'appréhension du cadre réglementaire de la passation et de l'exécution que la présente étude est menée
Under Yaoundé and Lomé conventions, technical and financial aid from EDF (European Developpement Fund) brings about projects and programmes achievement in the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. On the legal level, it requires tendering and execution procedures for works, supply and services contracts. EDF's contracts in the ACP states has a particular characteristic because of three involvements: involvement of EEC as international and financial source involvement of ACP state as recipient and contracting authority - involvement of European and ACP firms, suppliers, and consultants as tenderers and contractors. Tendering and execution procedures show that money-lender's powers are more important than I contracting authority ones. This assertion can be verified through the analysis of general regulations, general conditions of contracts. ACP states are under the rule of EEC commission, ACP national law order is excluded, disputes relating to the tender procedures and the award of the contract have to be submitted to arbitration, but not to the jurisdiction of the domestic court of the beneficiary state. EEC's commission controls the choice made by the national committee of tenderness. This study presents some solutions to improve both tender procedures and performance of contracts

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Frederic, John. "Examination of Initialization Techniques for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/63.

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While much research has been done regarding different Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithms, less time has been spent looking at initialization techniques. In this thesis, four different initializations are considered. After a brief discussion of NMF, the four initializations are described and each one is independently examined, followed by a comparison of the techniques. Next, each initialization's performance is investigated with respect to the changes in the size of the data set. Finally, a method by which smaller data sets may be used to determine how to treat larger data sets is examined.

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Diver, Carl. "An investigation into novel micro-hole machining techniques for next generation fuel injection nozzle manufacture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:207667.

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Tornio, Ashley. "BIOMECHANICAL STUDY OF JUMPING & LANDING TECHNIQUES: BALLET VS NON-BALLET ATHLETES." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2112.

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INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of ACL injuries is increasing in previous years. One of the most common studied kinematic risk factors related to ACL injuries is a resultant weak, leg axis alignment known as the dynamic knee valgus angle presented during a vertical drop jump [8, 14, 15]. Hewett et. al. concluded that a knee valgus angle was a primary predictor of the mechanism that leads to an ACL rupture [8]. By increasing the excessive knee valgus angle during a two-legged DVJ, an athlete is in turn increasing the possibility of a high knee valgus moment, which can increase the anterior tibial translation as well as the load on the ACL several-fold and the chances for an ACL tear [4]. METHODS: In our study, ten collegiate female participants, including ballet and non-ballet athletes performed two-legged DVJs for 6 different flexor and extensor muscles while digital recordings of knee valgus angle were captured at initial contact and push off with simultaneous collection of EMG data. RESULTS: Results displayed statistical significance for the average valgus angle to estimated GRF ratio for the non-dominant leg at push-off between the ballet and non-ballet athletes (0.8 ± 0.43 vs. 1.8 ± 0.33 degrees/N, p < 0.05). In addition, we also found that the hip extensor activity significantly increased for the non-ballet group and that the lateral thigh CCI noticeably increased for the non-dominant leg for the non-ballet group, which could be indicative of the noticeable difference in the biceps femoris muscle activation for the non-ballet group when comparing sports type. In addition, statistically significant interactions between sports type and leg type for vastus medialis and gluteus maximus were produced. Observed results also indicated that there was an increase in overall variability for the dominant leg of the non-ballet athletes amongst all studied muscles and for the non-dominant leg for the ballet group specifically studying the gluteus maximus muscle activity. DISCUSSION: Relatively, the non-ballet group could be at a higher risk for increase in femoral adduction, hip adduction, and tibial external rotation, and overall predict a larger knee valgus moment; therefore, the non-ballet group could potentially be at a higher risk for an ACL injury than the ballet group. In addition, there is potential in continued research of neuromuscular differences between ballet and non-ballet athletes to further investigate the vastus medialis and the gluteus maximus muscle activations as well as to investigate the knee valgus moment values.

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Kloppers, Pieter W. "Judicial management as a technique for corporate rescue. A comparison with English and Australian law." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97516.

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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Judicial management has been part of South African company law since 1926. It was introduced as a procedure to provide for a corporate rescue. Judicial management has changed little since its introduction. This is in stark contrast with the position in other jurisdictions where the need for improved corporate or business rescue procedures has received considerable attention in the last few decades. This thesis examines the suitability of judicial management as a business rescue procedure for the current South African circumstances and compares it to similar mechanisms in England and Australia. The modem economy relies on credit. Furthermore the globalisation of markets and the increase in competition between enterprises add to the unpredictability of an enterprise's economic circumstances. Thus, one of the important objectives of a corporate insolvency regime is the preservation of viable economic enterprises. A business rescue procedure such as judicial management is therefore an essential component of a corporate insolvency regime. However, judicial management needs reform. The existing shortcomings of judicial management include its high cost, the appointment of professional liquidators as business rescuers, the lack of a business rescue culture, the absence of an approved rescue plan, the treatment of judicial management as an extraordinary measure in corporate insolvency and the use of section 311 of the Companies Act as a corporate rescue mechanism. This thesis proposes that judicial management should commence with a mere resolution by the directors. This is less cumbersome than the existing procedure to commence judicial management comprising a court order. Judicial management triggers a stay of limited duration on legal proceedings that provides an essential breathing space to devise and implement a rescue plan. Once judicial management commences the creditors should hold the power to decide on the future of the company. They can therefore accept or reject a rescue plan (prepared by the judicial manager) for the restructuring of current rights and obligations and for the future management of the company. During judicial management and the execution of the rescue plan, control of the company's assets vests in the judicial manager and directors lose their powers of management. Judicial managers should be encouraged to make a success of judicial management by providing that the judicial manager cannot be appointed as the liquidator in a subsequent liquidation. Furthermore, the burden of the costs of judicial management could be eased by providing a more flexible system for the remuneration of the judicial manager. A statutory business rescue procedure interacts with other components of an insolvency regime and other areas of law. In order to optimise the positive effects of a business rescue procedure certain changes are proposed regarding statutory provisions on insolvent trading, the phenomenon of phoenix companies, section 311 of the Companies Act and tax legislation. The thesis also proposes a smooth transition from judicial management to voluntary liquidation. The thesis has an annexure with draft legislation to give effect to the principal changes proposed by it for the Companies Act.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geregtelike bestuur is reeds sedert 1926 deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappyereg. Dit is ingestel as 'n prosedure om maatskappye van ondergang te red. Geregtelike bestuur het sedertdien min verander. Dit is in skerp teenstelling met ander jurisdiksies wat die afgelope paar dekades toegewy gewerk het aan prosedures om korporasies en besighede te red. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die toepaslikheid van geregtelike bestuur as 'n prosedure om in die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede besighede van ondergang te red en vergelyk dit met soortgelyke prosedures in Engeland en Australië. Moderne ekonomieë se afhanklikheid van krediet, die globalisering van markte en die toename in mededinging tussen ondernemings dra by tot die wisselvallige ekonomiese omstandighede van 'n onderneming. Die redding van lewensvatbare ondernemings is gevolglik 'n belangrike doelstelling van korporatiewe insolvensiereg. Daarom is 'n prosedure soos geregtelike bestuur om ondernemings te red 'n onontbeerlike element van korporatiewe insolvensiereg. Geregtelike bestuur moet egter hervorm word. Geregtelike bestuur het verskeie tekortkominge waaronder hoë regskoste, die aanstelling van professionele likwidateurs as persone om ondernemings te red, die gebrek aan 'n kultuur om ondernemings te red, die afwesigheid van 'n goedgekeurde reddingsplan, die hantering van geregtelike bestuur as 'n buitengewone remedie in korporatiewe insolvensiereg en die gebruik van artikel 311 van die Maatskappywet as 'n meganisme om maatskappye van likwidasie te red. Die tesis stel voor dat geregtelike bestuur met 'n blote direksiebesluit in werking gestel word. Dit is minder belemmerend as die hofbevel waarmee geregtelike bestuur tans begin word. Geregtelike bestuur stel'n moratorium van beperkte duur in werking waartydens geen geregtelike prosesse teen die maatskappyaanhangig gemaak of voortgesit kan word nie. Dit gee die maatskappy die nodige grasie om 'n reddingsplan uit te werk en te implementeer. Opsomming Geregtelike bestuur is reeds sedert 1926 deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappyereg. Dit is ingestel as 'n prosedure om maatskappye van ondergang te red. Geregtelike bestuur het sedertdien min verander. Dit is in skerp teenstelling met ander jurisdiksies wat die afgelope paar dekades toegewy gewerk het aan prosedures om korporasies en besighede te red. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die toepaslikheid van geregtelike bestuur as 'n prosedure om in die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede besighede van ondergang te red en vergelyk dit met soortgelyke prosedures in Engeland en Australië. Moderne ekonomieë se afhanklikheid van krediet, die globalisering van markte en die toename in mededinging tussen ondernemings dra by tot die wisselvallige ekonomiese omstandighede van 'n onderneming. Die redding van lewensvatbare ondernemings is gevolglik 'n belangrike doelstelling van korporatiewe insolvensiereg. Daarom is 'n prosedure soos geregtelike bestuur om ondernemings te red 'n onontbeerlike element van korporatiewe insolvensiereg. Geregtelike bestuur moet egter hervorm word. Geregtelike bestuur het verskeie tekortkominge waaronder hoë regskoste, die aanstelling van professionele likwidateurs as persone om ondernemings te red, die gebrek aan 'n kultuur om ondernemings te red, die afwesigheid van 'n goedgekeurde reddingsplan, die hantering van geregtelike bestuur as 'n buitengewone remedie in korporatiewe insolvensiereg en die gebruik van artikel 311 van die Maatskappywet as 'n meganisme om maatskappye van likwidasie te red. Nadat geregtelike bestuur in aanvang geneem het behoort die krediteure die mag te hê om oor die toekoms van die maatskappy te besluit. Krediteure sou 'n reddingsplan (voorberei deur die geregtelike bestuurder) wat vir die herstrukturering van die regte en verpligtinge van die maatskappy en vir sy toekomstige bestuur voorsiening maak kon aanvaar of verwerp. Gedurende geregtelike bestuur en die uitvoering van die reddingsplan vestig die beheer oor die bates van die maatskappy in die geregtelike bestuurder. Die direksie verloor terselfdertyd alle bestuursbevoegdhede. Geregtelike bestuurders behoort aangemoedig te word om 'n sukses van die geregtelike bestuur te maak deur te bepaal dat 'n geregtelike bestuurder nie as likwidateur aangestel kan word indien die maatskappy uiteindelik gelikwideer word nie. Die las van hoë koste kan verlig word deur 'n buigsame stelsel van vergoeding vir die geregtelike bestuurder in te stel. 'n Statutêre reddingsprosedure vir ondernemings staan in wisselwerking met ander elemente van korporatiewe insolvensiereg en ander regsgebiede. Ten einde die positiewe uitwerking van 'n reddingsprosedure vir ondernemings te optimaliseer word sekere veranderinge ten opsigte van die wetgewing met betrekking tot handeldryf in insolvente omstandighede, die verskynsel van "phoenix" maatskappye, artikel 311 van die Maatskappywet en belastingwetgewing voorgestel. Die tesis stelook 'n gladde oorskakeling van geregtelike bestuur na vrywillige likwidasie voor. Die tesis sluit ook 'n aanhangsel met voorgestelde wetgewing in om uitvoering te gee aan die belangrikste veranderinge aan die Maatskappywet wat in die tesis voorgestel word.

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Podray, Susan. "Current Technology and Techniques in Re-mineralization of White Spot Lesions: A Systematic Review." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/170366.

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Oral Biology
M.S.
White Spot lesions are a common iatrogenic occurrence on patients who are treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. There is a dynamic chemical interaction between enamel and saliva at the tooth surface that allow a lesion to have phase changes involving demineralization of enamel and remineralization. This is due to calcium and phosphate dissolved in saliva that is deposited onto the tooth surface or removed depending on the surrounding pH. Caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is gaining popularity in dentistry as a way to increase the available level of calcium and phosphate in plaque and saliva to improve the chemical gradient so that if favors remineralization. The aim of our investigation is to search the available current literature and formulate a recommendation for use of CPP-ACP in orthodontics. Publications from the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. Searches from August 2010 to April 1st 2012 were performed under the terms "MI Paste OR Recaldent OR caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate OR CPP-ACP or tooth mousse". The searches yielded 155 articles, These were reviewed for relevance based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles with inappropriate study design or no outcome measures at both baseline and end point were also excluded. 13 articles were deemed of relevance with a high quality study design and were included in this study for evaluation. The current literature suggests a preventative treatment regimen in which MI Paste Plus is used. It should be delivered once daily prior to bed after oral hygiene for 3 minutes in a fluoride tray, throughout orthodontic treatment. It should be recommended for high risk patients determined by poor oral hygiene, as seen by the inability to remove plaque from teeth and appliances. This protocol may prevent or assist in the remineralization of enamel white spot lesions during and after orthodontic treatment.
Temple University--Theses

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Woolley, Nick C. "Identification of weak areas and worst served customers for power quality issues using limited monitoring and non-deterministic data processing techniques." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:162534.

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The current international trend in distribution networks is towards increased monitoring. This trend is being driven by distribution network operators (DNOs) who hope that through increased monitoring, they will be able to optimise capital and operational expenditure and thus operate a more efficient networks. One of the key areas of focus relating to the increased interest in distribution network monitoring is power quality. Power quality disturbances affect consumers by interrupting equipment or halting industrial processes and can result in very significant financial losses. DNOs are also financially impacted by power quality issues if they breach regulatory limits or contractual arrangements. To extract value from power quality monitoring, DNOs must process and then interpret data from a variety monitoring devices placed at different locations all potentially measuring different quantities. The challenge of how best to extract useful and practical power quality information from disparate monitoring devices is the subject of this thesis. This thesis describes and develops monitoring techniques for two power quality phenomena: voltage sags and unbalance. The research presents new techniques which can graphically identify the weakest areas and the worst served customers for voltage sags and unbalance. All the developed techniques utilise non-deterministic methods (such as statistics and artificial intelligence) to deal robustly with network and measurement uncertainties. This thesis can be dissected into four areas: voltage sag monitoring, optimal power quality monitor placement, voltage unbalance monitoring and identification of the weakest areas and worst served customers for both issues. The first section of this thesis is dedicated to voltage sags. This section introduces a multi-step process to identify and estimate the impacts of voltage sags within networks. The first stage in this process is classification and detection where several different classification methods (including immune inspired techniques) are compared to determine which algorithms work best under the context of limited monitoring. The research then proposes a novel robust method for performing fault location and voltage sag profile estimation using multiple monitors. The method pays particular attention to the errors in measurement inputs and identifies the most likely location for both the fault location and the voltage magnitude using statistical methods. The voltage sag monitoring research concludes by defining the probable impacts of voltage sags on customers, and by introducing a new measure known as the sag trip probability. The second major section covered by this thesis is optimal monitor placement. This thesis presents a comprehensive methodology which enables network operators to place monitors in locations best suited for voltage sag monitoring based on future likely topological and loading changes. The third major section covered by this thesis is unbalance monitoring. A three phase distribution system state estimation model is developed which can estimate the location and impact of unbalance within the network, without assuming the loading is balanced. The final section of this thesis shows how the worst served customers and the weakest areas of the network can be identified presents for both voltage sag and unbalance using limited monitoring and the developed techniques. The results are presented graphically using a series of topological heat maps, and these show visually how the techniques could work to monitor a distribution network.

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Sakr, Mountajab. "Le théâtre de la parole de Philippe Minyana, représentation de la parole et des gestes, pasage du texte à la scène, technique d'écriture." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411828.

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Cette thèse de 420 pages, comporte en plus de l'avant propos, quatre grandes parties de plusieurs chapitres chacune. L'introduction est incluse dans la première partie, et de la même façon les synthèses sont dans la quatrième partie, puis une conclusion générale suivie d'annexes, un entretien avec l'auteur, précédé d'une biographie et une bibliographie de l'auteur Philippe Minyana.
Le sujet de la thèse intéresse en particulier les chercheurs travaillant dans les domaines du théâtre comme celui de la création théâtrale et de la réception, puisqu'il pose la question de la parole au théâtre. Ce genre de travail se situe à la frontière du théorique et de la pratique.
La thèse pose des questions sérieuses auxquelles elle essaye de répondre, le rapport entre la parole au théâtre et celle dans la réalité. Puis le rapport de l'œuvre avec le réel, la société contemporaine. Nous justifions notre choix de l'œuvre de Philippe Minyana en raison de sa vivacité, sa particularité dramatique dans le théâtre français contemporain, cette particularité réside dans la diversité des procédés de l'écriture utilisée dans les formes dramatiques de l'auteur.

Notre recherche se situe dans le creuset de la création dramatique de l'auteur étudié. Ce qui gît dans ce creuset, c'est la parole représentée, une écriture sans cesse réinventée, reconstruite à travers ses croisements avec la parole quotidienne. Dans le panorama des pièces de Minyana, nous proposons de suivre les battements de la parole en montrant l'évolution dramaturgique mise en œuvre par l'auteur dans les formes monologuées, la forme épique, la forme fragmentée des drames brefs, la rapports humains dans des lieux clos ou l'économie de la parole dans les dernières pièces.

Le travail se base sur une de étude des textes dramatiques et des axes dramaturgiques de l'œuvre de Minyana pour voir quelles sont les techniques d'écriture que Minyana utilisées dans son œuvre, et de là comment la parole prend une nature différente suivant les multiples formes d'écriture de l'auteur. Nous essayons de montrer comment la parole est structurée dans l'ensemble de l'œuvre de Minyana, de prouver qu'elle y est prioritaire par rapport aux autres composantes dramatiques. En analysant les étapes de cette écriture, nous suivons le mouvement intérieur de cette dramaturgie à travers l'étude de la «profération » de la parole sur scène.

Il s'agit dans thèse d'une étude détaillée de la langue dramatique dans les pièces choisies, (la répétition, le passage du coq à l'âne, l'oralité, la parole dans le récit dans son rapport au passé du personnage, les façons de parler des figures, l'étude la parole stylisée, les niveaux de la parole des figures et le passage d'un niveau à l'autre et la répétition des gestes qui entraîne une répétition de parole etc.) en vue de déterminer des formes dramaturgiques spécifiques.

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Safsten, Emily Diane. "Using Advanced PSF Subtraction Techniques on Archival Data of Herbig Ae/Be Stars to Search for New Candidate Companions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6967.

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Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars are intermediate mass (2-10 solar mass) pre-main sequence stars with circumstellar disks. Observing planets within these young disks would greatly aid in understanding planet formation processes and timescales particularly around massive stars. So far, only one planet, HD 100546 b, has been confirmed to orbit a HAeBe star. With over 250 HAeBe stars known, and several observed to have disks with structures thought to be related to planet formation, it seems likely that there are as yet undiscovered planetary companions within the circumstellar disks of some of these young stars. Direct detection of a low-luminosity companion near a star requires high contrast imaging, often with the use of a coronagraph, and the subtraction of the central star's point spread function (PSF). Several processing algorithms have been developed in recent years to improve PSF subtraction and enhance the signal-to-noise of sources close to the star. However, many HAeBe stars were observed via direct imaging before these algorithms came out. We used the PSF subtraction program PynPoint to reprocess archival images of HAeBe stars from the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope to increase the likelihood of detecting a planet in their disks. We believe we have recovered the known planet around HD 100546 and possibly its candidate second companion. We also detect new candidate sources in the vicinities of HD 141569 and HD 163296. Further observations are needed to confirm the reality of these detections and also establish their association with the host stars.

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Booth, Alastair Murray. "Detection and characterisation of low-concentration components in drugs and drug formulations : exploring the value of soft X-ray synchrotron radiation techniques for the pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:190668.

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Surface properties affect pharmaceuticals by influencing physical behaviour, which can cause problems for both formulation and medication. Poorly water soluble compounds are often modified with polymer surfactants. The presence of amorphous material, due to its effect on dissolution rate, can modify the bioavailability of a compound. This thesis reports the novel application of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and X- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to surface related pharmaceutical problems. XAS is sensitive to bond angles, local symmetry and oxidation states and XPS provides information on local chemical environment. Both have a probing depth <10 nm in the soft X-ray range. It is shown that XAS and XPS are capable of determining the physicalcoverage of ultra-thin polymer coatings. In situ XAS confirmed they formraft-like structures on the drug surface. Adsorbed water could also be de-tected on the surface and this corresponds to improvement in dissolutionrate, which implies an improvement in bioavailability. XAS was capableof distinguishing between amorphous and crystalline batches of two drugsat the surface. It was also able to detect a nanoscale amorphous overlayerin predominantly crystalline micronised batches of the drug. High relativehumidity was shown to recrystallise both the amorphous and micronisedbatches. X-ray PhotoElectron Emission Microscopy (XPEEM) of pharma-ceutical compounds was attempted but, due to the higher beamflux required,sample damage and charging effects were too great to draw any meaningfulconclusions at this time.

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Wilson, William. "Chemo-mechanical characterization of microstructure phases in cementitious systems by a novel NI-QEDS technique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11620.

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Face à la finitude des ressources de la terre et de sa capacité d’absorption de la pollution, le développement d’écobétons pour un futur industrialisé durable représente un défi majeur de la science du béton moderne. En raison de sa nature hétérogène complexe, les propriétés macroscopiques du béton dépendent fortement des constituants de sa microstructure (ex. silicates de calcium hydratés [C–S–H], Portlandite, inclusions anhydres, porosité, agrégats, etc.). De plus, la nécessité d’une exploitation rapide et optimale des matériaux cimentaires émergents dans les applications industrielles demande de nos jours une meilleure compréhension de leurs particularités chimico-mécaniques à l’échelle micrométrique. Cette thèse vise à développer une méthode de pointe de couplage de la nanoindentation et de la spectroscopie quantitative aux rayons X à dispersion d'énergie (NI-QEDS), puis à fournir une caractérisation chimico-mécanique originale des phases microstructurales présentes dans les matrices réelles de ciments mélangés. La combinaison d’analyses NI-QEDS statistiques et déterministes a ainsi permis d’élargir la compréhension des systèmes avec ciment Portland et ajouts cimentaires (ACs) conventionnels ou alternatifs. Plus spécifiquement, l’étude des C–(A)–S–H (C–S–H incluant l’aluminium ou non) dans différents systèmes à base de ciments mélangés a montré des compositions différentes pour cet hydrate (variations dans les taux de Ca, Si, Al, S et Mg), mais ses propriétés mécaniques n’ont pas été significativement affectées par l’incorporation des ACs dans des dosages typiques. Les résultats présentés ont aussi démontré le rôle important des autres phases imbriquées dans la matrice de C–(A)–S–H, soit les inclusions anhydres dures (ex. le clinker et les ACs) et les autres hydrates tels que la Portlandite et les hydrates riches en aluminium (ex. les carboaluminates) avec des propriétés mécaniques plus élevées que celles des C–(A)–S–H. La thèse est basée sur cinq articles couvrant : (1) une analyse NI-EDS de systèmes incorporant des volumes élevés de pouzzolanes naturelles; (2) le développement de la méthode NI-QEDS; des analyses statistiques NI-QEDS (3) de systèmes avec cendres volantes et laitier, et (4) d’un système combinant ciment, calcaire et argile calcinée; et (5) une exploration déterministe NI-QEDS de systèmes conventionnels et alternatifs incorporant la poudre de verre, le métakaolin, le laitier ou la cendre volante. Finalement, en plus d’avancer les derniers modèles et méthodes micromécaniques, l’outil développé a fourni une perception chimico-mécanique originale des phases microstructurales et de leur arrangement. Le dévoilement de la signature chimico-mécanique de ces pâtes de ciments mélangés particulièrement complexes offre un savoir unique pour l’ingénierie des bétons de demain.
Abstract : Facing the limitedness of the earth’s resources and pollution absorption capacity, the development of eco-concrete for a sustainable industrialized future is one of the major challenges of modern concrete science. Due to its complex heterogeneous nature, the macro-scale properties of concrete strongly depend on the microstructure constituents (e.g., calcium-silicate-hydrates [C–S–H], Portlandite, anhydrous inclusions, porosity, aggregates, etc.). Moreover, the need for rapid and optimal exploitation of emerging binding materials in industrial applications urges today a better understanding of their chemo-mechanical features at the micrometer scale. This thesis aims at developing a state-of-the-art method coupling NanoIndentation and Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (NI-QEDS), and providing an original chemo-mechanical characterization of the microstructure phases in highly heterogeneous matrices of real blended-cement pastes. The combination of statistical and deterministic NI-QEDS analysis approaches opened new research horizons in the understanding of Portland-cement systems incorporating conventional and alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). More specifically, the investigations of C–(A)–S–H (C–S–H including aluminum or not) in different blended-cement systems showed variable compositions for this hydrate (i.e., Ca, Si, Al, S and Mg contents), but the mechanical properties were not significantly affected by the incorporation of SCMs in typical dosages. The presented results also showed the important role of the other phases embedded in the C–(A)–S–H matrix, i.e., hard anhydrous inclusions (e.g., clinker and SCMs) and other hydrates such as Portlandite and Al-rich hydrates (e.g., carboaluminates) with mechanical properties higher than those of the C–(A)–S–H. The thesis is based on five articles focusing on: (1) the NI-EDS investigation of high-volume natural pozzolan systems; (2) the development of the NI-QEDS method; the statistical NI-QEDS analyses of (3) fly ash and slag blended-cement systems and of (4) a limestone-calcined-clay system; and (5) the deterministic NI-QEDS exploration of alternative and conventional systems incorporating glass powder, metakaolin, slag or fly ash. Finally, the developed tool not only advanced the latest micromechanical methods and models, but also provided original chemo-mechanical insights on the microstructure phases and their arrangement. Unveiling the chemo-mechanical signature of these highly-complex blended cement pastes further provided unique knowledge for engineering concretes for tomorrow.

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Langevin, Brigitte. "Prise en compte de la variabilité des émissions au champ dans l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie des systèmes agricoles. Application à l'épandage de lisier." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00508904.

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L'objectif général de la thèse est de développer et valider un référentiel d'évaluation de la performance environnementale des techniques d'épandage basé sur l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV). Une première ACV a montré que la fabrication et le fonctionnement des machines avaient une contribution négligeable par rapport aux impacts générés par les substances azotées (NH3, N2O et NO3-) émises par le sol fertilisé. Ces émissions sont conditionnées par le sol, le climat et les pratiques culturales et ont un caractère éminemment local. Cela pose un défi à l'ACV, méthode globale basée sur une absence de différentiation spatiale des systèmes étudiés. Pour prendre en compte la variabilité des émissions azotées à la parcelle dans l'ACV de la fonction d'épandage, deux approches ont été suivies: (A) l'utilisation de données expérimentales issues de la bibliographie qui a permis de hiérarchiser de manière robuste quatre techniques d'épandage, de quantifier la variabilité des émissions et de discuter l'incertitude induite sur les résultats de l'évaluation. (B) l'utilisation de données simulées avec des modèles de physique des sols, d'agro-climatologie et d'agronomie. Un outil de simulation intégrateur a été construit pour modéliser les effets sur les émissions azotées de i) l'enfouissement de l'effluent dans le sol, ii) du tassement du sol par les engins agricoles, et iii) la répartition spatiale de l'effluent sur la parcelle. Ces effets ont été simulés sur 5 sites en France pendant 7 années. La variabilité des émissions estimées par les deux approches est comparable. L'utilisation de modèles a permis d'évaluer la contribution des effets élémentaires des épandeurs sur les émissions azotées et de hiérarchiser la performance des techniques d'épandage dans une gamme de situations contrastées. Finalement, une méthodologie permettant la prise en compte de la variabilité dans l'inventaire environnemental des produits agricoles est proposée.

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Shang, Lei, and lei shang@ieee org. "Modelling of Mobile Fading Channels with Fading Mitigation Techniques." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061222.113303.

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This thesis aims to contribute to the developments of wireless communication systems. The work generally consists of three parts: the first part is a discussion on general digital communication systems, the second part focuses on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques, and in the third part we discuss the possible application of advanced digital signal processing, especially time-frequency representation and blind source separation, to wireless communication systems. The first part considers general digital communication systems which will be incorporated in later parts. Today's wireless communication system is a subbranch of a general digital communication system that employs various techniques of A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion, source coding, error correction, coding, modulation, and synchronization, signal detection in noise, channel estimation, and equalization. We study and develop the digital communication algorithms to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. In the Second Part we focus on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques. A modified Jakes' method is developed for Rayleigh fading channels. We investigate the level-crossing rate (LCR), the average duration of fades (ADF), the probability density function (PDF), the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the autocorrelation functions (ACF) of this model. The simulated results are verified against the analytical Clarke's channel model. We also construct frequency-selective geometrical-based hyperbolically distributed scatterers (GBHDS) for a macro-cell mobile environment with the proper statistical characteristics. The modified Clarke's model and the GBHDS model may be readily expanded to a MIMO channel model thus we study the MIMO fading channel, specifically we model the MIMO channel in the angular domain. A detailed analysis of Gauss-Markov approximation of the fading channel is also given. Two fading mitigation techniques are investigated: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and spatial diversity. In the Third Part, we devote ourselves to the exciting fields of Time-Frequency Analysis and Blind Source Separation and investigate the application of these powerful Digital Signal Processing (DSP) tools to improve the performance of wireless communication systems.

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Alkadee, Dareen. "Techniques de réduction et de traitement des émissions polluantes dans une machine thermique." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005123.

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Cette thèse de doctorat, a consisté, dans une première partie, à introduire d'une part, la notion de l'analyse du cycle de vie " ACV " et celle des biocarburants. D'autre part, à présenter l'intérêt d'appliquer une ACV sur des biocarburants afin de valoriser leurs bilans énergétiques et analyser leurs impacts environnementaux face aux carburants conventionnels. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons comparé, d'un point de vue énergétique et environnemental, 3 scénarios de production d'électricité : 2 scénarios de cogénération (turbine à vapeur et ORC) pour la production d'énergie électrique et thermique à partir de biomasse, et un scénario de cogénération par moteur diesel. Ces scénarios sont comparés à l'aide de deux méthodes orientées " analyse des dommages ": Eco-indicateur 99 (E) et IMPACT2002+Dans une troisième partie, on a abordé la valorisation du biogaz sous forme de carburant dans des moteurs "dual fuel" pour des engins agricoles dans le but de déterminer l'impact environnemental lié à l'utilisation de ce carburant alternatif au diesel par rapport aux autres biocarburants. Les méthodes Eco-indicateur 99 (E) et CML ont été utilisées ici. On a pu ainsi identifier les principaux polluants générés à chaque étape du cycle de vie de l'agrocarburant et les étapes qui ont les plus grands impacts environnementaux et on a identifié, selon nos critères et par rapport au contexte, le scénario énergétique le plus compatible avec le principe de développement durable.

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Macdonald, Andrew G. "The characterisation of thin insulating films on metal electrodes immersed in aqueous electrolytes using the AC admittance technique." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-characterisation-of-thin-insulating-films-on-metal-electrodes-immersed-in-aqueous-electrolytes-using-the-ac-admittance-technique(107e628f-f44f-4187-8b8b-3666916e04e5).html.

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The full potential of Langmuir Blodgett (LB) Technology will only be realised in the development of sensors, such as coated metal electrodes, if the problems related to film stability in an aqueous environment can be overcome. To this end, the ac admittance technique has been applied to characterise LB films of Barium Stearate and Poly-ButylMethacrylate, deposited onto platinum, copper and aluminium electrodes immersed in a range of electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry was used as a complementary characterisation technique for the coatings on platinum. Equations were derived to relate the measured cell admittance to the equivalent circuit parameters. Approximations to these equations, valid for limited frequency ranges, enable parameter estimates to be made from the double log plots of capacitance and loss against frequency. The admittance data was analysed in terms of an equivalent circuit model adapted from the work of Macdonald (1952,1971,1973,1974,1976,1985). This treatment enables the electrical measurements to be related to the electrical double layer, electrolyte and deposited film and represents the first attempt to characterise LB films in this way. The equivalent circuit model was rigorously applied to the characterisation of i) PCB electrodes spin coated with PVC and ii) sputtered copper electrodes coated with Barium Stearate using the LB Technique. Several processes are found to contribute to the molarity, electrolyte and time dependent changes in coating admittance. For example, ionic uptake leads to an increase in coating admittance which can introduce a marked frequency dependent dispersion. For less stable coatings, film reorientation and desorption and changes in the oxide of the metal electrode can also affect the measured admittance. LB films of PBMA deposited onto platinum were sufficiently stable for immobilising electroactive species. Valinomycin incorporated in an LB film of PBMA and deposited onto platinum exhibited a reversible tt [K+] dependent conductance.

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Kohli, Siddharth. "Closed-loop transcranial electrical stimulation : novel techniques for integrating electroencephalography and real-time adjustments of a.c. stimulation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/closedloop-transcranial-electrical-stimulation-novel-techniques-for-integrating-electroencephalography-and-realtime-adjustments-of-ac-stimulation(8058dac2-60a0-47e7-803a-8630a734305d).html.

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The goal of this thesis is to design methods and techniques for closed-loop transcranial Electric Stimulation (tES) based on feedback from ongoing neural activity. tES is a popular Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) approach and has been shown to modulate ongoing brain activity to affect behaviour. The application of these methods has major implications in both understanding the anatomy & function of the brain, and development of therapies for non-pharmacological intervention in mental health disorders. A review of existing brain imaging techniques compatible with tES shows that electroencephalography (EEG) is the most suitable method to pair with tES to design the closed-loop stimulation interface. Furthermore, of the different forms of tES, transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is the ideal method to use for closed-loop stimulation due to its ability to modulate ongoing neural activity in a phase specific manner. However, most studies have been limited to exploring changes in EEG before and after stimulation due to the presence of stimulation artifacts in the EEG data. A characterisation of these artifacts and a review of existing methods will identify the shortcomings of current practices. Thus, two novel algorithms for tACS artifact removal are be presented. Further, methods to judge the performance of such algorithms are currently limited and thus, new techniques to comprehensively test and verify these algorithms are presented, including the use of a novel phantom head model. A proof of concept for assessment of EEG activity during tACS is presented using novel methods that allow monitoring working memory during stimulation, via successful classification of data during two different tasks. This presents a novel technique to both verify artifact removal and also monitor ongoing neural activity during stimulation. Finally, an interface that executes the developed techniques in real-time was built. This toolbox is subsequently capable of providing closed-loop feedback to adjust tACS parameters based on ongoing EEG activity. It was designed to be as independent of hardware as possible, making it easy for other researchers to employ this toolbox in different labs across the world. This will allow for easier repeatability of methods in the field of tES research, which is a known issue. In summary, the novel techniques presented in this thesis are key steps towards development of closed-loop tACS as a tool for personalised, nonpharmacological therapy in mental health disorders.

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Bichinho, Gerson Linck. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'un réseau expérimental dédié au transfert d'images médicales." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD302.

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L'apparition des équipements générant des images médicales numériques dans l'environnement hospitalier a fait naître le désir de mieux exploiter les caractéristiques liées à ce type d'image. L'augmentation des performances des ordinateurs personnels parallèlement à la baisse des prix, nous ont permis d'envisager ce type d'équipement pour le développement d'un réseau expérimental d'imagerie à faible coût permettant une meilleure gestion des images médicales numériques. Nous avons développé dans le cadre de ce travail un système modulaire basé sur les standards (ACR-NEMA pour l'archivage des images médicales, le modèle ISO-OSI pour les protocoles d'échange réseau, SQL-structured query language pour les bases de données, etc. ) et utilisant des produits existants sur le marché
The advent of digital imaging equipment in the medical environment brought up the will to better explore this technology. The increase in performance of personal computers and their falling prices, allowed us to develop a low cost experimental digital imaging network. With this system a much better management of digital medical image was achieved. A modular systeml was implemented based on established standards (ACR-NEMA for image storage, ISO-OSI communication protocol model, SQL-structured query language for data base management), using commercial products

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Grosselin, Nadège. "Mise au point d'une technique voltampérométrique pour la caractérisation de particules individuelles conductrices de quelques dizaines de microns : application à l'étude de l'adsorption des ions argent et mercure ainsi que du thymol sur la pyrite." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10142.

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Au cours de ce travail, une nouvelle technique ultramicroélectrochimique pour la caractérisation des grains individuels conducteurs de quelques dizaines de microns à été mise au point. Elle permet, en particulier, la détection d'espèces solubles formées à l'électrode sans devoir imposer des vitesses de balayage extrémement élevées comme c'est le cas avec les ultramicroélectrodes conventionnelles (10 MV/S suffisent). Les études sans ajout d'électrolyte support sont aussi possibles. La comparaison des voltampérogrammes de AG#2SE avec ceux obtenus par les méthodes classiques a mis en évidence qu'il est possible de caractériser des grains du minéral sans interférence contrairement aux pates de carbone. La technique a ensuite été utilisée parallélement à des méthodes spectroscopiques pour l'étude de l'adsorption de AG#+ et de HG#2#+ sur la pyrite FES#2 (pulpes à 0,5% en poids). Il s'avère que les spéciations de l'argent et du mercure à la surface de FES#2 dépendent fortement de la concentration des ions métalliques en solution. Dans le cas où l'argent est à faible concentration, seul AG#2S se forme. Quand la concentration est plus forte, de l'argent métallique est aussi présent. De même, selon la concentration en mercure, une ou deux espèces de stabilité différente se fixent à la surface de la pyrite. La quantité maximale de mercure s'adsorbant sur le minéral (3,5 10#-#5 MOL/G) est vingt fois moins importante que celle d'argent (6,6 10#-#4 MOL/G). Quand de la pyrite est conditionnée simultanément avec les ions AG#+ et HG#2#+, seul le mercure est adsorbé à sa surface. Il libère en solution l'argent si ce dernier était préalablement fixe sur le minéral. La quantité de mercure alors adsorbée atteint 3,2 10#-#4 MOL/G. Enfin, l'action du thymol sur la pyrite a été envisagée dans le but d'inhiber l'oxydation chimique du minéral. Les mesures électrochimiques ont montré que c'est le produit d'oxydation du thymol, et non lui-même, qui s'adsorbe sur la pyrite et limite son oxydation

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FINCK, FRANCOISE. "Etude d'un nouveau systeme de depollution des gaz d'echappement automobile : modelisation par les techniques de surface." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13068.

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Etude portant sur un catalyseur pour epuration des gaz, compose de la phase catalytiquement active (surtout le palladium), du support d'impregnation (wash-coat d'alumine gamma) et du support mecanique (alliage fe-cr-al). Determination d'un mecanisme complet de formation de la couche de passivation d'alliages trimetalliques fe-cr-al

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Adami, Fatos. "Analyse infra-rouge in-situ de l'interface electrode metallique/solution par la methode mirftirs : mise au point et application de la technique a l'etude de l'electropolymerisation des phenols sur electrode de fer." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077042.

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Schaaf, Pierre. "La technique de reflectometrie : sa mise en oeuvre et son application a l'etude de l'adsorption de macromolecules a une interface solide/solution." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13039.

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Mondello, Attilio Antonio. "Torri campanarie degli edifici ecclesiastici tradizionali allo specchio tra conoscenza e sicurezza. Tecnologia e forma negli areali a rischio della Sicilia orientale e della Castilla y León." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4101.

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Le torri campanarie di fattura tradizionale contrassegnano i centri storici europei, rappresentando l emblema del paesaggio urbano e il simbolo di identità per la popolazione. A causa della spiccata verticalità, queste emergenze architettoniche sono sempre esposte a rischi di diversa natura che ne minacciano la sopravvivenza. Nel campo del restauro e della conservazione di questi edifici è fondamentale la conoscenza preventiva dei caratteri geometrici e tecnico costruttivi per potere intervenire in modo da garantire sia la tutela del valore culturale sia la messa in sicurezza. In ragione di ciò, la presente ricerca, scegliendo due areali geograficamente distanti ed esposti a rischi differenti come la Sicilia orientale e la Castilla y Leòn, vuole studiare le configurazioni geometriche e le tecniche costruttive di questi edifici al variare del rischio prevalente. In Sicilia lo studio ha approfondito il tema delle torri campanarie nell areale Etneo, zona esposta da sempre a rischio sismico e vulcanico. È stato condotto un censimento dei campanili in muratura esistenti mai effettuato precedentemente e una classificazione tipologica, seguendo le categorie proposte dagli studi di tipo empirico sugli edifici ecclesiastici storici soggetti a rischio sismico. Successivamente, sono stati selezionati alcuni casi studio ritenuti emblematici per l areale (risalenti ai secoli XVII e XVIII) e che sono stati studiati più approfonditamente anche grazie a rilievi di tipo diretto e fotogrammetrico, sia per individuare le configurazioni geometriche e le tecniche costruttive più ricorrenti sia le possibili criticità intrinseche celate in esse. In questo modo possono essere individuati degli indicatori di vulnerabilità, come richiesto anche dalle norme italiane sugli studi preventivi alle valutazioni di vulnerabilità sismica. In Castilla y Leòn sono stati selezionati alcuni casi studi emblematici per l areale della Tierra de Campos, territorio a rischio idrogeologico a causa dei continui fenomeni di ritiro e rigonfiamento del terreno argilloso. I casi analizzati, studiati con rilievi diretti e fotogrammetrici, risalgono ai secoli XVI e XVII e sono contraddistinti da stati di conservazione differenti (soprattutto allo stato di rudere). Lo studio delle configurazioni geometriche e delle tecniche costruttive rivelano come il rischio che realmente minaccia queste architetture è il rischio di obsolescenza naturale a causa dello spopolamento dei piccoli centri e la conseguente assenza di manutenzione. In conclusione, la ricerca ha evidenziato come tali fabbriche in Sicilia convivano da sempre con il rischio sismico e per tale ragione, seguendo la regola dell arte, geometrie, materiali e tecniche contribuiscono alla sopravvivenza degli edifici (tranne in caso di eventi sismici di carattere distruttivo). In Castilla y León invece le torri campanarie tradizionali risultano non solo vulnerabili ai fenomeni idrogeologici del territorio ma anche, e soprattutto, ai fenomeni di deterioramento per obsolescenza che purtroppo non lascia possibilità di sopravvivenza in assenza di continui monitoraggi e manutenzione.

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Smoaca, Andreea. "ID Photograph hashing : a global approach." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4034/document.

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Cette thèse traite de la question de l’authenticité des photographies d’identité, partie intégrante des documents nécessaires lors d’un contrôle d’accès. Alors que les moyens de reproduction sophistiqués sont accessibles au grand public, de nouvelles méthodes / techniques doivent empêcher toute falsification / reproduction non autorisée de la photographie d’identité. Cette thèse propose une méthode de hachage pour l’authentification de photographies d’identité, robuste à l’impression-lecture. Ce travail met ainsi l’accent sur les effets de la numérisation au niveau de hachage. L’algorithme mis au point procède à une réduction de dimension, basée sur l’analyse en composantes indépendantes (ICA). Dans la phase d’apprentissage, le sous-espace de projection est obtenu en appliquant l’ICA puis réduit selon une stratégie de sélection entropique originale. Dans l’étape d’extraction, les coefficients obtenus après projection de l’image d’identité sur le sous-espace sont quantifiés et binarisés pour obtenir la valeur de hachage. L’étude révèle les effets du bruit de balayage intervenant lors de la numérisation des photographies d’identité sur les valeurs de hachage et montre que la méthode proposée est robuste à l’attaque d’impression-lecture. L’approche suivie en se focalisant sur le hachage robuste d’une classe restreinte d’images (d’identité) se distingue des approches classiques qui adressent une image quelconque
This thesis addresses the question of the authenticity of identity photographs, part of the documents required in controlled access. Since sophisticated means of reproduction are publicly available, new methods / techniques should prevent tampering and unauthorized reproduction of the photograph. This thesis proposes a hashing method for the authentication of the identity photographs, robust to print-and-scan. This study focuses also on the effects of digitization at hash level. The developed algorithm performs a dimension reduction, based on independent component analysis (ICA). In the learning stage, the subspace projection is obtained by applying ICA and then reduced according to an original entropic selection strategy. In the extraction stage, the coefficients obtained after projecting the identity image on the subspace are quantified and binarized to obtain the hash value. The study reveals the effects of the scanning noise on the hash values of the identity photographs and shows that the proposed method is robust to the print-and-scan attack. The approach focusing on robust hashing of a restricted class of images (identity) differs from classical approaches that address any image

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Scheffler, Sven. "Der Einfluss des Verankerungsniveaus und der Verankerungsmethodik von Rekonstruktionstechniken des vorderen Kreuzbandes mit "Hamstring"-Sehnen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14810.

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Einleitung: Aufgrund der hohen Inzidenz der vorderen Kreuzbandverletzungen und der damit einhergehenden funktionellen Einschränkung besteht ein anhaltendes Interesse an der Verbesserung bestehender und Entwicklung neuer, besserer Techniken zur Rekonstruktion dieser Bandstruktur des Kniegelenkes. In dieser Studie wurde der Einfluss des Verankerungsniveaus (anatomisch vs. extrakortikal) und der Verankerungsart (direkt vs. indirekt) auf das mechanische Verhalten von drei exemplarischen, in der Klinik häufig angewandten Rekonstruktionstechniken, untersucht. Material & Methoden: An insgesamt 24 Kniegelenken humaner Spender mittleren Alters (40 Jahre) wurden drei Rekonstruktionstechniken (n=8 pro Gruppe) des VKB durchgeführt. Als Transplantat wurden jeweils humane Hamstringsehnen verwendet: 1.) HADBIO: anatomische und direkte Verankerung mit biodegradierbaren Interferenzschrauben, 2.) HADTIT: semi-anatomische und direkte Verankerung mit Titanschrauben, 3.) HEIButton: extrakortikale, indirekte Verankerung mit Faden-Button Verbindung. Alle rekonstruierten Kniegelenke wurden einer zyklischen, inkremental zunehmenden Belastung bis zum Versagen unterzogen. Es wurden die Parameter Konstruktsteifigkeit, absorbierte Energie, Transplantatauslenkung und Laxizitätszunahme bei Belastungen von 200, 300, 400 N, sowie die maximale Steifigkeit und Versagenskraft bestimmt. Ergebnis: Die anatomische und direkte Transplantatverankerung mit biodegradierbarer Interferenzschraube zeigt die vorteilhaftesten mechanischen Eigenschaften, während die extrakortikale und indirekte Verankerung die niedrigsten mechanischen Eigenschaften aufwies. Die tibiale Verankerungsseite ist bei Interferenzschraubenverankerung der Schwachpunkt, während die Fadenverbindungen bei der extrakortikalen Verankerungstechnik die Schwachstelle darstellten. Auch bei anatomischer und direkter Transplantatfixation findet ein nicht zu vernachlässigender permanenter Verankerungsverlust bei vergleichsweise geringer Versagenskraft statt, der vor allem auf der tibialen Verankerungsseite zu beobachten ist. Diskussion: Eine anatomische und direkte Transplantatverankerung ist von mechanischem Vorteil. Allerdings hängt die Konstruktsteifigkeit auch in erheblichem Maße vom Fixationsobjekt ab. Extrakortikale Fixationstechniken, die eine indirekte Faden-Knoten-Transplantatverbindung erfordern, unterliegen einer erheblichen nicht-reversiblen Lockerung unter zyklischer Belastung und sollten durch direkte Verankerungstechniken ersetzt werden. Aufgrund der permanenten Laxizitätszunahme auch in der anatomischen und direkten Interferenzschraubenverankerung, vor allem der tibialen Seite, sollte über Sicherungsverankerungen, so genannten Hybridfixationen nachgedacht werden, um die mechanischen Vorteile dieser Rekonstruktionsart voll zum Tragen bringen zu können.
Introduction: There is a continuous interest in the improvement and development of new techniques for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) because of the high incidence of its injury and the resulting functional deficit. Purpose of this study was the impact of fixation level (anatomic vs. extracortical) and fixation method (direct vs. indirect) on the mechanical properties of three frequently used reconstruction techniques. Material & Methods: 24 human cadaveric knees with an average age of 40 years were used for simulation of three reconstruction techniques (n=8 per group). Human hamstring tendons were utilized as tendon grafts. 1.) HADBIO: anatomic and direct fixation with biodegradable interference screws, 2.) HADTIT: semi-anatomic and direct fixation with titanium interference screws, 3.) HEIButton: extracortical, indirect fixation with tape/button combination. All reconstructed knee joints underwent cyclic incremental loading until failure. Construct stiffness, absorbed energy, displacement and laxity increase were calculated at loads up to 200, 300, 400 N. Maximum stiffness and failure load were also recorded. Results: The anatomic and direct graft fixation with biodegradable interference screws provided the highest, while the combination of extracortical and indirect fixation showed the lowest mechanical properties. The tibial fixation site is the critical factor in interference screw fixation, while the tape/suture interfaces were the location of failure in the extracortical reconstructions. Even in the anatomic and direct reconstruction technique a considerable permanent loss of fixation, especially at the tibial fixation site and a comparably lower failure load were observed. Discussion: The combination of anatomic and direct fixation showed to be of mechanical benefit. However, construct stiffness seemed to be also affected by the fixation device. Extracortical fixation techniques, which require suture-tape/knot interfaces for graft fixation, undergo significant permanent loosening of fixation under cyclic loads and should be replaced by direct fixation techniques. Since a permanent laxity increase was still observed in the anatomic and direct interference screw reconstructions, especially on the tibial site, backup or so called hybrid fixations should be considered, which would allow to take full advantage of the mechanical improvements in these reconstruction techniques.

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Renaud-Gentié, Christel. "Eco-efficience des itinéraires techniques viticoles : intérêt et adaptations de l’analyse du cycle de vie pour la prise en compte des spécificités de la viticulture de qualité." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0002/document.

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Afin d’accompagner les acteurs des filières viticoles, notamment d’AOC, dans la nécessaire amélioration de l’éco-efficience de leurs produits, nous avons voulu identifier dans quelles conditions l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie est une méthode appropriée à l'évaluation environnementale des itinéraires techniques viticoles (ITKv) de production de raisins de qualité, à l’échelle parcellaire, afin de pouvoir choisir les plus performants. Pour établir et tester un cadre méthodologique de l’ACV, adapté à cet objectif, des ITKv réels et variés visant un même objectif qualitatif sont nécessaires. Nous proposons ici une chaîne de traitement d’enquête originale, Typ-iti, qui permet le choix de cas réels représentant chaque groupe. Cinq groupes ont ainsi été identifiés parmi les ITKv de production de raisins de Chenin blanc pour vins blancs secs d’AOC en Moyenne Vallée de la Loire, dont trois en viticulture conventionnelle et deux en viticulture biologique. Cinq cas réels ont été choisis pour les représenter. L’ACV est ici déclinée pour la viticulture sur la base de ces cinq cas, par l’établissement d’un cadre méthodologique qui comprend : i) la définition de limites du système incluant les phases non productives et productives, ii) le choix des modèles disponibles les plus pertinents, pour le calcul des émissions directes de polluants à la vigne, iii) l’adaptation fine du modèle d’émissions de pesticides organiques Pest LCI 2.0 aux spécificités viticoles, iv) la proposition et le test d’unités fonctionnelles basées sur un indicateur de qualité du raisin original permettant la prise en compte de la qualité dans les ACV de raisins destinés à la production de vins de qualité. L’ACV a révélé, à l’échelle parcellaire, i) des éco-efficiences contrastées pour les cinq ITKv contrastés, ii) les pratiques responsables de ces contrastes, iii) des solutions d’amélioration et leurs effets quantifiés sur les performances environnementales. La généricité des résultats de ces cas aux groupes qu’ils représentent varie selon l’homogénéité des groupes et avec les catégories d’impacts selon qu’elles sont, ou non, conditionnées par le milieu. L’effet important du millésime sur les résultats, mis en évidence ici sur un cas, mérite d’être pris en compte dans toute ACV viticole. De nombreuses perspectives d’améliorations méthodologiques sont discutées ici pour accroître la pertinence et la complétude des résultats ainsi que la généricité de la méthode et pour son application auprès d’acteurs du développement des filières viticoles
In order to contribute to the effort of eco-efficiency improvement of the wine sctor, especially in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) contaxt, we worked to identify in which conditions Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an appropriate method for environmental assessment, at plot scale, of quality vineyard Technical Management Routes (TMRs), to permit the choice of the most eco-efficient technical operations and TMRs.A methodological framework for LCA suited to this objective was designed and tested on five real and contrasted TMRs, oriented towards a same qualitative objective. These cases were chosen thanks to an original statistical analysis chain, Typ-iti, on the basis of a survey, among the TMRs producing Chenin blanc grapes for PDO dry white wines in the Middle Lore Valley. Five groups were identified and characterized, threee in conventional viticulture, and two in organic viticulture.The methodological framework that was established includes i) the studied system definition including productive and non-productive phases, ii) the choice of the most suitable and available models for calculation of pollutant direct emissions in the vineyard, iii) the customization of the organic pesticide emision calculation model, Pest LCI 2.0, to viticulture specific needs iv) the inclusion of grape quality in the LCA by two functional units including an original grape quality index.LCA proves to be a method complex but powerful, usable at parcel scale for grape production TMRs choice. It revealed i) contrasted eco-efficiencies for the 5 contrasted TMRs, ii) the viticultural practices responsible for these contrasts, iii) solutions for eco-efficiency improvement and quantification of their eco-efficiency effects.The important effect of the production year on the results, highlighted here on one case, must be taken into account in any viticulture LCA. Numerous perspectives of methodological improvement are discussed here in order to increase relevance and completeness of the results as well as genericity of the method and its accessibility for viticulture development stakeholders

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Havlůj, Zdeněk. "Kreativní účetnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75490.

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In this thesis I try to clarify the concept of "creative accounting ". First I define the difference between error and fraud. Then I try to compare two different accounting systems (IFRS and Czech accounting standards). I specify the major differences between these two systems (the valuation of assets, the principle of revenue recognition etc.) and I compare their impact on the financial statements. In the end I consider the role of adoption of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in relation to the creative accounting.

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Wan, Xiaoping. "Segmentation d'images : étude comparative de différentes approches de contours déformables." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1825.

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La segmentation d'image est une étape primordiale dans tout processus d'interprétation d'images. Les modèles déformables sont actuellement des approches de segmentation très populaires et sont toujours en plein évolution. Ils sont largement utilisés dans de nombreux domaines. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, notre intérêt s'est porté dans un premier lieu, à la comparaison qualitative et quantitative des performances de huit modèles déformables, représentatifs de l'état de l'art actuel du domaine. L'étude comparative a porté sur des images de synthèse et sur des images réelles. Nous avons pris le soin de construire une base d'images de synthèse dont chacune présentant une difficulté typique, en simulant une dégradation particulière. Cela permet l'étude et l'analyse des qualités, des faiblesses et des limitations d'une approche donnée. Les résultats de comparaison sont une aide précieuse aux utilisateurs qu'en au choix d'un algorithme donné pour résoudre une problématique particulière de segmentation. Dans un second temps, nous avons proposé des améliorations de deux des modèles étudiés afin de pallier à certaines de leurs limitations. Ainsi nous avons proposé une modification de la fonction de détection de contour pour permettre au modèle de Li de segmenter avec succès des objets avec des angles très aigus et une modification majeur de la prise en compte de l'a priori de forme dans le modèle de Tsai. En effet, notre approche possède un compromis entre l'a priori et le terme d'attache aux données, donnant ainsi plus de flexibilité d'une part, et utilise l'ACP à noyau pour l'apprentissage et la modélisation de l'a priori de forme, offrant ainsi une augmentation non négligeable de l'impact de la prise en compte de cette a priori sur le résultat de la segmentation d'autre part
Image segmentation is a primordial step in any image understanding process. Deformable models are currently very popular image segmentation approaches, and are still in constant evolution. They are widely applied in various applications of image segmentation. This thesis firstly deals with a qualitative and quantitative comparison performances of eight different representative deformable models. The comparison study is done on synthetic images and real images. A database of synthetic images has been built, each of which represents a typical segmentation diffculty by simulating one particular image degradation. This allows studying and analysing the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of the given approach. The comparison results can help users to choose a particular algorithm for a particular segmentation problem. Secondly, we have proposed improvements for two of the previously studied models in order to overcome some of their serious limitations. We proposed a modified edge detection function to allow Li's model to successfully segment objects with very sharp angles and also major changes on the contribution of the shape prior in the Tsai's model. Indeed, our approach has a tradeoff between the shape priori and the data term offering more flexibility, and on the other hand, uses the Kernel PCA in the training and the modeling of the shape prior, providing a significant increase in impact of the prior on the segmentation result

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Sarr, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane. "Vers une auscultation par acousto-ultrasons des renforcements par composites collés de structures du génie civil." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0005.

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Un rapport sénatorial de Juin 2019 estime le parc d’ouvrages vieillissants de la France à plus de 25000 ponts routiers. Une des solutions préconisées pour éviter la ruine de ces structures est leur renforcement par collage de matériaux composites. Cette solution technique permet d’augmenter la durée de vie des ouvrages tout en prenant en compte de nouvelles sollicitations (augmentation drastique du trafic et risques sismiques). Cependant, elle est efficace que lorsque le joint de colle est bien exécuté et exempt de tout défaut ou endommagement. Ainsi, son utilisation est limitée par une méconnaissance de la qualité réelle des joints de colle sur site. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer à partir d’une technique non destructive, les acoustoultrasons, une méthodologie de détection et d’identification des principaux types de défauts rencontrés dans des assemblages collés. Les deux types de substrats les plus communément utilisés en génie civil à savoir l’acier et le béton ont été étudiés dans cette thèse. Par le biais d’une analyse monoparamétrique et d’une analyse statistique en composantes principales (ACP), l’ensemble des défauts créés dans des assemblages d’acier-composite et de béton-composite ont été détectés avec succès. L’identification de ces défauts a été obtenue grâce aux outils de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) à travers l’algorithme de classification de la forêt d’arbres décisionnels. Les facteurs pouvant influencer cette méthodologie ont été passés en revue avant qu’elle ne soit validée sur des échantillons de plus grande échelle, proches des réalisations sur site. Enfin, via une simulation par éléments finis de la propagation du signal dans un assemblage collé, nous soulignons les perspectives que peut offrir cette technique dans la constitution de bibliothèques d’apprentissage pour l’application des techniques de l’IA au diagnostic et au pronostic de l’état de joints de colle
A Senate report from June 2019 estimates France’s ageing structures at more than 25,000 road bridges. One of the recommended solutions to prevent the collapse of these structures is their bonding reinforcement of composite materials. This technical solution allows us to increase their lifeservice by taking into account new acquired stresses (drastic increase in traffic and seismic risks). However, the reinforcing is effective only when the adhesively bonded joint is well executed and free of defects or damages. Thus, the use of this method is limited by a lack of knowledge of the real quality of adhesive joints on site. The objective of this thesis is to propose from a nondestructive technique, the acousto-ultrasonics, a methodology of detection and identification of all types of defects encountered in adhesively bonded assemblies.We studied the most common types of substrates used in civil engineering: steel and concrete. Through a mono-parametric analysis and a statistical principal components analysis (PCA), all the elaborated defects in compositesteel and composite-concrete assemblies were successfully detected. The identification of these defects was obtained using Machine Learning tools through the Random Forest classification algorithm. The factors that could influence this methodology were studiedbefore it was validated on specimens of a larger scale, closer to the on-site achievements. Finally, through a finite element simulation of signal propagation in a bonded assembly, we underline the perspectives that this technique can offer in building learning libraries for the application of Machin Learning techniques to the diagnosis and prognosis of the state of adhesively bonded joints

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Saraiva, Luciana de Pontes. "A modulação temporal de efeitos como técnica de decisão na jurisdição constitucional." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1989.

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A modulação temporal de efeitos como técnica de decisão possibilita ao Supremo Tribunal Federal a mitigação dos efeitos retroativos da declaração de inconstitucionalidade, ao mesmo tempo em que resguarda o princípio da supremacia da Constituição. Nos casos em que há mudança de jurisprudência, atua como importante mecanismo de salvaguarda das legítimas expectativas dos jurisdicionados na estabilidade dos julgados do Tribunal Constitucional. Em ambas as hipóteses, concretiza o princípio da segurança jurídica, inclusive na sua vertente subjetiva, a proteção da confiança legítima e assegura a melhor realização dos interesses públicos, próprios de uma sociedade pluralista.
The prospective doctrine as a decision technique makes possible the mitigation of the retroactive effects of the unconstitutionality declaration to the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court, at the same time it protects the Constitution supremacy principle. In cases with statement of overruling precedents, it plays an important role in protecting the legitimate expectations of the citizens in the stability of the Constitutional Court precedents. In both cases, it enforces the principle of legal certainty, including its subjective aspect, the legitimate confidence protection and it assures the best fulfilment of the public interests that are typical of a pluralist society.

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Fontanay, Stéphane. "Complexation de triterpènes pentacycliques par des cyclodextrines : caractérisations physicochimiques et activités biologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0210/document.

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Le manque de thérapies innovantes en chimiothérapie humaine incite la communauté scientifique à s'intéresser à de nouvelles sources de composés bioactifs. Nous pouvons citer les métabolites secondaires de plantes, auxquels appartiennent les acides hydroxy pentacycliques triterpénoiques (AHPTs) et plus particulièrement les Acides Ursolique (AU), Oléanolique (AO) et Bétulinique (AB). Ces molécules font l'objet de nombreuses études qui tendent à démontrer leurs propriétés : anti-infectieuses, anticancéreuses, antiprolifératives, anti-inflammatoires, hépatoprotectrices. Le principal obstacle à leur utilisation à des fins thérapeutiques, reste l'insolubilité de ces AHPTs dans l'eau. L'objectif de ce travail a donc été d'augmenter leur hydrosolubilité. Dans un premier temps, en accord avec les recommandations et/ou normes existantes, nous avons démontré que le spectre d'activité antibactérienne de l'AU et de l'AO se limitait aux bactéries à Gram positif. Aucun AHPT n'a montré d'activité antifongique. Seul l'AB a montré une activité intéressante sur le Cytomégalovirus humain (hCMV) ; aucune activité antivirale n'ayant été retrouvée sur le Poliovirus. Enfin, l'AB, mais encore plus l'AU ont montré une activité anticancéreuse à l'encontre de cellules modèles de leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC). Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons procédé à la fabrication et à l'étude de complexes entre les AHPTs et des cyclodextrines. Nous avons retenu la gamma-cyclodextrine (gamma-CD), qui présentait l'avantage de complexer les 3 AHPTs avec une constante de formation « moyenne » à « élevée ». Ces complexes AHPTs :gamma-CD ont été caractérisés en utilisant diverses techniques : chromatographiques, thermiques et spectrométriques. Nous avons conclu à l'obtention de complexes d'inclusion qui ont permis d'augmenter la solubilité des AHPTs. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons évalué les activités biologiques des complexes AHPTs : gamma-CD. Les résultats montrent que les complexes AU : gamma-CD et AO : gamma-CD restent actifs à l'encontre des bactéries à Gram positif (mais avec une efficacité plus faible) ; tandis que le complexe AB : gamma-CD se révèle être actif sur certaines bactéries. Le complexe AB : gamma-CD, et de façon surprenante le complexe AU : gamma-CD présentent une activité antivirale à l'encontre du hCMV. Enfin, la diminution de la cytotoxicité liée à la complexation des AHPTs accroit l'intérêt des molécules d'AU et d'AB sur les cellules de LMC
The lack of innovative therapies in human chemotherapy incites the scientific community to be interested in new sources of bioactive compounds. We can quote the secondary metabolites of plants, to which belong hydroxy pentacyclic triterpene acids (HPTAs) and more particularly Ursolic (UA), Oleanolic (OA) and Betulinic Acids(BA). These molecules are the subjetc of numerous studies which tend to demonstrate their properties: anti-infective, anticancer, antiproliferatives, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotectrive. The main obstacle to their use in therapeutic purposes stays the insolubility of these AHPTs in the water. Thus the objective of this work was to increase their hydrosolubility. At first, in agreement with the recommendations and/or the existing standards, we demonstrated that the antibacterial spectra of UA and OA are limited to Gram-positive bacteria. No HPTA showed antifungal activity. Only the BA showed an interesting antiviral activity on human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV); no antiviral activity was on Poliovirus. Finally, the BA, but even more UA showed an anticancer activity against cellular model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Secondly, we proceeded to the manufacturing and to the study of complexes between HPTAs and cyclodextrines. We retained gamma-cyclodextrine (gamma-CD), which presented the advantage to complex the 3 AHPTs with a constant of "average" to "raised". These HPTAs:gamma-CD complexes were characterized by using diverse techniques: chromatographic, thermal and spectrometric. We concluded in the obtaining of inclusion complexes which allowed increasing the solubility of the HPTAs. In a last part, we estimated the biological activities of the HPTAs:gamma-CD complexes. The results show that the UA:gamma-CD and OA:gamma-CD complexes remain active against Gram-positive bacteria (but with a weaker efficiency); whereas the BA:gamma-CD complex shows to be active on certain bacteria. The BA:gamma-CD complex, and in a surprising way the UA:gamma-CD complex presents an antiviral activity against the hCMV. Finally, the decrease of the cytotoxicity linked to the complexation of the HPTAs believes the interest of UA and of BA on CML cells

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Benchenaa, Amal. "Natursten : Roll och förutsättningar som fasadmaterial inom byggproduktion." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174081.

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I rapporten har vi skrivit om naturstenens roll och förutsättningar som fasadmaterial inom byggproduktion. Målet med undersökningen var att belysa nya tekniker som finns på marknaden. Metoder som har använts för att undersöka infästningstekniker är genom intervjuer och studiebesök. Den stora frågan var att ta reda på hur dem nya teknikerna kan påverka vår arbetsmiljö, miljö samt estetik. En annan fråga var hur den nya tekniken kan uppfylla de nya kraven? Natursten är ett naturligt material som är inhomogen och därför förekommer det färgskiftningar och variationer i stenskivorna. En beställare ska därför vara väldigt specifik när stenen utses. Det finns en stor risk med att förankra stenskivor utan mekanisk förankring. Utan förankringen kan stenen lossna från fasaden. Idag bygger vi vanligen med tekniken ventilerad luftspalt, mellanrum mellan stenskivor och stomme. På det sättet kan alla stenskivor röra sig utan spänningar samtidigt som luftspalten ventilerar och dränerar ut fukten bakom stenskivorna. Genom att välja lämpliga stendimensioner och ankare i standardutförande kan kostnaderna minskas. Denna rapport tar upp ny teknik. FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel, är ett undercut ankare. Detta är en valmöjlighet om en beställare vill erhålla skivor som är 20 mm i tjocklek. Björn Shouenborg har designat ett program som gör det möjligt att dimensionera sten på fasader. Programmmet visar om dimensioneringen är ok med hänsyn till säkerhetskraven. Med tanke på de stora miljökraven som ställs är det både lönande att undersöka möjligheter och ny teknik. Stommen byggs med mer isolering vilket kräver en längre expanderbult eller ankare mellan stenen och stommen. I denna rapport framkommer det att en arkitekt och stenentreprenör är positiva till ACT-systemet. Den här rapporten har belyst att den nya tekniken har en positiv påverkan på arbetsmiljön, miljön, estetik och tid.
The report talks about the capacity and conditions as a façade material within building construction. The goal with the research was to shed light on the new technique available today. The methods used to examine the mechanical anchoring techniques were through interview and fieldstudies. The main question was to find out how those new technologies can affect our health and safety, environment and aesthetics. Another question is how the new technology can meet the new requirements? Natural stone is a natural material that is inhomogeneous and therefore there are color variations and variations in stone tiles. A client should therefore be very specific when the stone is appointed. There is a great risk to anchor stone tiles without mechanical anchoring, without it the stone can detach from the façade. The technology most commonly used in anchoring stone is using a ventilated air gap, a space between the stone tiles and facade. In this way, all stone tiles move without tension and furthermore the air gap ventilates and drains the moisture behind the stone tiles. It is possible to cut costs by choosing the appropriate stone dimensions and tiles in the standard execution. New technology opens up new possibilities. An alternative is FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel which is an undercut anchor. This could be used as an option if a client wishes to have 20 mm thick tiles. Bjorn Shouenborg, researcher, has designed a program that makes it possible to dimension stone facades.The software that shows if the design is ok with regard to safety requirements. Given the large environmental requirements imposed today, it is conceivable both be worthwhile to explore the possibilities and new technologies. The façade is built with more insulation which requires a longer expansion of anchors. In this report, it appears that an architect and stone contractor is positive for the ACT system. This report has highlighted that the new technology has a positive impact on the work environment, the environment, aesthetics and time.

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Alfarwy, Loubna. "La didactique du Fos en Syrie : enjeux et perspectives." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30094/document.

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Depuis les années 20 du siècle précédent, les recherches effectuées dans le champ de la didactique des langues non maternelles ont enregistré l’apparition d’un public spécifique demandeur de formations en langue à des fins spécifiques. Cela a donné lieu à un domaine qui se distingue par la grande diversité de ses contextes ainsi que de ses publics, un domaine qui porte sur un jeu de désignations ou sur une jungle d’appellations qui se confondent pratiquement toutes. C’est dans le but de faire acquérir à ces publics des compétences langagières spécifiques utiles dans la pratique de leur travail qu’enseignants et chercheurs sont appelés à créer des démarches méthodologiques spécifiques.Cette thèse cherche, plus particulièrement, à apporter des éléments de réponse aux demandes des étudiants de la faculté des sciences de la santé, en Syrie, qui ont besoin d’apprendre le français médical et non le français général pour s’en servir plus tard dans leur profession. L’objectif principal de ce travail est, d’une part, d’identifier les besoins réels de ces apprenants en prenant en compte les spécificités de leur domaine et d’autre part, de concevoir un référentiel de formation FOS susceptible de contribuer au développement d’une compétence de communication spécifique appropriée aux exigences de leur terrain socioprofessionnel
Research performed since the twenties in the field of didactics of foreign languages, helped the rise of a certain audience with specific requests in professional language. That gave rise to a domain, which is composed of an important diversity of contexts and publics called "French for Specific Purposes". Teachers and researchers are brought to create specific methodological approach, to help this audience gain specific linguistic skills.This thesis aims at bringing elements of answer to the students of the syrian scientific colleges, particularly to those of the Faculty of Health Sciences. Our purpose is to identify the real needs of the latter, taking into account peculiarities of their domain and to conceive teacher-training frame of reference allowing them to develop oral and written comprehension and expression skills

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Attia, Dhouha. "Segmentation d'images par combinaison adaptative couleur-texture et classification de pixels. : Applications à la caractérisation de l'environnement de réception de signaux GNSS." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BELF0209/document.

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En segmentation d’images, les informations de couleur et de texture sont très utilisées. Le premier apport de cette thèse se situe au niveau de l’utilisation conjointe de ces deux sources d’informations. Nous proposons alors une méthode de combinaison couleur/texture, adaptative et non paramétrique, qui consiste à combiner un (ou plus) gradient couleur et un (ou plus) gradient texture pour ensuite générer un gradient structurel utilisé comme image de potentiel dans l’algorithme de croissance de régions par LPE. L’originalité de notre méthode réside dans l’étude de la dispersion d’un nuage de point 3D dans l’espace, en utilisant une étude comparative des valeurs propres obtenues par une analyse des composantes principales de la matrice de covariance de ce nuage de points. L’approche de combinaison couleur/texture proposée est d’abord testée sur deux bases d’images, à savoir la base générique d’images couleur de BERKELEY et la base d’images de texture VISTEX. Cette thèse s’inscrivant dans le cadre des projets ViLoc (RFC) et CAPLOC (PREDIT), le deuxième apport de celle-ci se situe au niveau de la caractérisation de l’environnement de réception des signaux GNSS pour améliorer le calcul de la position d’un mobile en milieu urbain. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons d’exclure certains satellites (NLOS dont les signaux sont reçus par réflexion voir totalement bloqués par les obstacles environnants) dans le calcul de la position d’un mobile. Deux approches de caractérisation, basées sur le traitement d’images, sont alors proposées. La première approche consiste à appliquer la méthode de combinaison couleur/texture proposée sur deux bases d’images réelles acquises en mobilité, à l’aide d’une caméra fisheye installée sur le toit du véhicule de laboratoire, suivie d’une classification binaire permettant d’obtenir les deux classes d’intérêt « ciel » (signaux LOS) et « non ciel » (signaux NLOS). Afin de satisfaire la contrainte temps réel exigée par le projet CAPLOC, nous avons proposé une deuxième approche basée sur une simplification de l’image couplée à une classification pixellaire adaptée. Le principe d’exclusion des satellites NLOS permet d’améliorer la précision de la position estimée, mais uniquement lorsque les satellites LOS (dont les signaux sont reçus de manière direct) sont géométriquement bien distribués dans l’espace. Dans le but de prendre en compte cette connaissance relative à la distribution des satellites, et par conséquent, améliorer la précision de localisation, nous avons proposé une nouvelle stratégie pour l’estimation de position, basée sur l’exclusion des satellites NLOS (identifiés par le traitement d’images), conditionnée par l’information DOP, contenue dans les trames GPS
Color and texture are two main information used in image segmentation. The first contribution of this thesis focuses on the joint use of color and texture information by developing a robust and non parametric method combining color and texture gradients. The proposed color/texture combination allows defining a structural gradient that is used as potential image in watershed algorithm. The originality of the proposed method consists in studying a 3D points cloud generated by color and texture descriptors, followed by an eigenvalue analysis. The color/texture combination method is firstly tested and compared with well known methods in the literature, using two databases (generic BERKELEY database of color images and the VISTEX database of texture images). The applied part of the thesis is within ViLoc project (funded by RFC regional council) and CAPLOC project (funded by PREDIT). In this framework, the second contribution of the thesis concerns the characterization of the environment of GNSS signals reception. In this part, we aim to improve estimated position of a mobile in urban environment by excluding NLOS satellites (for which the signal is masked or received after reflections on obstacles surrounding the antenna environment). For that, we propose two approaches to characterize the environment of GNSS signals reception using image processing. The first one consists in applying the proposed color/texture combination on images acquired in mobility with a fisheye camera located on the roof of a vehicle and oriented toward the sky. The segmentation step is followed by a binary classification to extract two classes « sky » (LOS signals) and « not sky » (NLOS signals). The second approach is proposed in order to satisfy the real-time constraint required by the application. This approach is based on image simplification and adaptive pixel classification. The NLOS satellites exclusion principle is interesting, in terms of improving precision of position, when the LOS satellites (for which the signals are received directly) are well geometrically distributed in space. To take into account the knowledge of satellite distribution and then increase the precision of position, we propose a new strategy of position estimation, based on the exclusion of NLOS satellites (identified by the image processing step), conditioned by DOP information, which is provided by GPS data

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Avenas, Quentin. "Intégration d’une méthode d’actuation électrocinétique sur biocapteur plasmonique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI122/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur le développement d’un capteur plasmonique intégrant une fonction d’actuation des objets visés. L’objectif est de passer outre la limite de diffusion rencontrée à basse concentration en piégeant les particules sur la surface de détection. La stratégie adoptée est de structurer le film d’or servant à la détection de manière à pouvoir l’utiliser pour mettre en mouvement le fluide et les molécules par le biais de champs électriques. Le transfert de masse est réalisé par diélectrophorèse et électroosmose, deux effets électrocinétiques mis en oeuvre par des électrodes servant à la fois d’actuateur et de capteur plasmonique. Un état de l’art exhaustif et des simulations multiphysiques ont permis de concevoir un prototype de capteur intégré constitué d’électrodes interdigitées en or permettant la détection plasmonique. Le dispositif proposé a été obtenu par microfabrication en salle blanche puis caractérisé avant l’étude de ses performances. Une première phase de tests sur un système modèle, des billes de polystyrène dans de l’eau, a permis d’apporter la preuve de concept du fonctionnement du capteur, qui est effectivement capable de piéger rapidement les objets visés à sa surface afin de les détecter. Les mécanismes de transfert de masse ont été expliqués et la preuve de l’amélioration de la limite de détection par un facteur supérieur à 100 a été apportée. Dans un second temps, les performances du capteur appliqué à des objets biologiques ont été évaluées. Celui-ci piège efficacement des levures et des protéines, mais aucune amélioration n’a été observée dans le cas de la détection spécifique de l’hybridation entre deux brins d’acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN). Les causes de ce résultat ont été discutées et comprises et deux solutions différentes ont été explorées : l’adaptation de la fréquence d’opération et l’optimisation de la géométrie des électrodes. Ainsi, cette étude a permis de souligner la problématique de la mise en oeuvre d’effets électrocinétiques dans des milieux biologiques et de réfléchir aux pistes pertinentes pour sa résolution
This thesis focuses on the development of an integrated plasmonic sensor capable to perform mass transport on targeted objects. The goal is to overcome the diffusion limit by trapping particules directly on the sensing surface. The adopted strategy was to structure the gold layer used for plasmonic detection in order to use the sofabricated structures to set the fluid and the molecules in motion by applying electric fields in the fluid. The mass transfer is realized through dielectrophoresis and electroosmosis, those two electrokinetic effects being operated by electrodes acting as sensor and actuator at the same time. An exhaustive state of the art as well as multiphysical simulations allowed us for designing a prototype for an integrated sensor consisting in gold interdigitated electrodes enabling plasmoninc sensing. The proposed device was obtained through microfabrication in clean room facilities and was characterized before the study of its performances. A first sequence of tests on a model system – polystyrene microbeads in water – brought the proof of concept we needed to validate the correct operation of the sensor, which is indeed capable of quickly trapping targeted objects on its surface and detecting them. The mass transfer mechanisms were explained and we showed the enhancement of the limit of detection by a factor greater than 100. In a second phase, performances of the sensor applied to biological objects were evaluated. It can effectively trap yeasts and proteins but no enhancement has been observed while detecting DNA hybridization events. Causes for this result were discussed and understood and two different solutions were explored: the adaptation of the operating frequency and the optimization of the electrodes geometry. Thus, this study highlighted the problematic of operating electrokinetic effects in biological media and suggested relevant leads towards its resolution

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Maumont, Bertrand. "L'acte juridique en droit des personnes et de la famille." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0130.

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En dépit du rôle croissant concédé aux volontés individuelles en droit des personneset de la famille, les phénomènes de volonté saisis par cette branche du droit pâtissent d’uneconstruction juridique lacunaire. Les liens avec la théorie de l’acte juridique sont peuexplorés ou n’apparaissent qu’ à travers le prisme déformant de l’approche institutionnelleet légaliste qui est généralement adoptée.En rupture avec le mythe de l’autonomie du droit des personnes et de la famille, cettethèse entend démontrer l’apport de cette branche du droit à la théorie générale de l’actejuridique.Il est possible de dépasser les spécificités apparentes des phénomènes de volontérencontrés en recourant à une théorie moderne de l’acte juridique. Fondée sur un principede causalité décrivant le lien permanent entre les volontés et des données objectives,façonnée par un ensemble de « techniques », la théorie générale peut être tantôtperfectionnée, tantôt enrichie, sous l’influence du droit des personnes et de la famille.De tout ceci, il résulte que le droit commun des contrats a vocation à s’appliquer, aumoins subsidiairement, dans le cadre des techniques « initiales », analogues à cellesconsacrées par la théorie du contrat. Quant aux techniques « intégrées » qui révèlent lesréelles originalités de l’acte juridique personnel ou familial, elles ne dérogent pas à lathéorie générale et sont même susceptibles de tirer profit de la transversalité de cettedernière. En tout cas, se dessine un droit spécialisé de l’acte juridique qui mériterait d’êtreconçu comme tel aussi bien par la doctrine que par les praticiens
Despite the increasing role granted to individual intent in the law of personsand family, the phenomena of intent as grasped by this body of law suffer from a deficientlegal construct. The links with the theory of the legal act are little explored or emerge onlythrough the distorting prism of the institutional and legalistic approach which is generallyadopted.Breaking with the myth of the autonomy of the law of persons and family, this thesiswill seek to demonstrate the contribution made by this branch of law to the general theoryof the legal act.It is possible to go beyond the apparent specificity of the phenomena of intent byusing a modern theory of the legal act. Based on a principle of causality describing thepermanent link between intent and objective data, shaped by a set of "techniques", thegeneral theory is sometimes improved, sometimes enhanced under the influence of the lawof persons and family.From all this, it follows that the common law of contract is intended to apply, atleast alternatively, in the context of “initial” techniques, similar to those enshrined in thetheory of contract. As for "integrated" techniques, which show the real distinctiveness of thepersonal or family legal act, they do not derogate from the general theory and are evenlikely to benefit from its transversality. In any case, a specialised law emerges from thelegal act that ought to be conceived as such both by doctrine and practitioners

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Voisin, Samuel. "L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA PROPORTIONNALITÉ EN SEGPA Contraintes, spécificités, situations." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939795.

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Cette thèse questionne l'enseignement de la proportionnalité à des élèves de 11 à 16 ans relevant de l'adaptation scolaire et de la scolarisation des élèves handicapés. Les travaux de didactique des mathématiques ont montré l'inaboutissement fréquent du projet d'appropriation de la proportionnalité auprès des élèves jusqu'au collège, et tout particulièrement en ASH. Afin de savoir si une adaptation peut se faire sans dénaturer le savoir, nous proposons donc une progression sur l'enseignement de la proportionnalité en classe de Quatrième SEGPA. Nous insistons sur l'importance de l'organisation des savoirs au sein de cette progression et sur la pertinence des contextes et des valeurs des variables didactiques numériques. Les analyses de nos observations se font dans le cadre de l'analyse statistique implicative, de la Théorie des Situations Didactiques ainsi que de la double approche utilisée dans l'analyse des pratiques des enseignants. La mise en œuvre de la progression construite nécessite pour les enseignants des connaissances mathématiques. Afin de réactiver ces connaissances, nous proposons des représentations symboliques qui illustrent les techniques de résolution de problèmes relevant de la proportionnalité simple.

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Bosc, Emilie. "Compression des données Multi-View-plus-Depth (MVD) : De l'analyse de la qualité perçue à l'élaboration d'outils pour le codage des données MVD." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777710.

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Cette thèse aborde la problématique de compression des vidéos multi-vues avec pour pilier un souci constant du respect de la perception humaine du media, dans le contexte de la vidéo 3D. Les études et les choix portés durant cette thèse se veulent orientés par la recherche de la meilleure qualité perçue possible des vues synthétisées. L'enjeu des travaux que de cette thèse réside dans l'investigation de nouvelles techniques de compression des données multi-view-plus-depth (MVD) limitant autant que possible les dégradations perceptibles sur les vues synthétisées à partir de ces données décodées. La difficulté vient du fait que les sources de dégradations des vues synthétisées sont d'une part multiples et d'autre part difficilement mesurables par les techniques actuelles d'évaluation de qualité d'images. Pour cette raison, les travaux de cette thèse s'articulent autour de deux axes principaux: l'évaluation de la qualité des vues synthétisées ainsi que les artefacts spécifiques et l'étude de schémas de compression des données MVD aidée de critères perceptuels. Durant cette thèse nous avons réalisé des études pour caractériser les artefacts liés aux algorithmes DIBR. Les analyses des tests de Student réalisés à partir des scores des tests de Comparaisons par paires et ACR-HR ont permis de déterminer l'adéquation des méthodes d'évaluation subjective de qualité pour le cas des vues synthétisées. L'évaluation des métriques objectives de qualité d'image/vidéo ont également permis d'établir leur corrélation avec les scores subjectifs. Nous nous sommes ensuite concentrés sur la compression des cartes de profondeur, en proposant deux méthodes dérivées pour le codage des cartes de profondeur et basées sur la méthode LAR. En nous appuyant sur nos observations, nous avons proposé une stratégie de représentation et de codage adaptée au besoin de préserver les discontinuités de la carte tout en réalisant des taux de compression importants. Les comparaisons avec les codecs de l'état de l'art (H.264/AVC, HEVC) montrent que notre méthode propose des images de meilleure qualité visuelle à bas débit. Nous avons également réalisé des études sur la répartition du débit entre la texture et la profondeur lors de la compression de séquences MVD. Les résultats de cette thèse peuvent être utilisés pour aider à la conception de nouveaux protocoles d'évaluation de qualité de données de synthèse; pour la conception de nouvelles métriques de qualité; pour améliorer les schémas de codage pour les données MVD, notamment grâce aux approches originales proposées; pour optimiser les schémas de codage de données MVD, à partir de nos études sur les relations entre la texture et la profondeur.

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Mogaji, Emmanuel. "Emotional appeals in UK banks' print advertisement." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622103.

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The unprecedented turbulence and uncertainty experienced in global economic and financial markets because of the 'credit crunch' has had a damaging impact on consumer confidence. Trust and credibility have been eroded as many customers feel let down by the banks suggesting the need for banks to rebuild constructive dialogue and long-term, meaningful relationships with their customers again. Though financial service, in this case, is considered a utilitarian service, based on the fact that money is needed to support people‘s daily activities, the present state of financial service has suggested the need for banks to appeal to consumers‘ emotions with the aim of improving their reputation. Also, the competition within the industry also could suggest the need to adopt an emotionally appealing advertisement strategy as emotions are known to play an influential role in building robust brand preference. This study builds on the communication theory, meaning transfer theory and consumer involvement theory, to understand the messages the banks are sending out and to elicit consumers‘ emotional reaction. One thousand, two hundred and seventy-four UK bank advertisements in nine national newspapers were content-analysed to identify the emotional appeals presented by the banks. The perception of these appeals and their associated meanings were sought through semi-structured interviews with 33 participants in London and Luton. The results of the analysis indicated that UK Banks are utilising emotional appeal in their advertisements to reach out to the consumers to convince them to upgrade their account, to open an additional account or switch their account. The most predominantly used appeals were relief and relaxation followed by excitement and happiness or satisfaction with the bank, and finally, security and adventure. However, variations were found in different financial products that employed emotional appeals. It was found that high-involvement products such as mortgages and loans used fewer emotional appeals. Both bank groups - high street banks, including the big four (Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds and RBS) and non-high street banks, such as the new entrants, supermarket brands, and online banks were using emotional appeals. However, it is acknowledged that the communication strategies between these banks could be different as the non-high street banks are more likely to repeat and publish the same messages across many newspapers, instead of publishing different emotionally appealing advertisements. Though consumers acknowledged these emotional appeals in the advertisements, they were more concerned about their relationship with the banks as they don‘t rely on advertisements to make a financial decision. Rather, recommendations from families, friends and associates and also branch location are more important when deciding on which bank to choose. The lack of congruency between financial services and emotional appeals in advertisements is also observed as customers are more likely to be persuaded by rational appeals however this study has not completely ruled out emotional appeals in bank advertisements as the use of both types of appeals is recommended. The study provides important theoretical and managerial contributions to understanding how the consumers understand meaning-embedded advertisements produced by the banks. Managers will be able to consider the implications of advertisements in enhancing their brand equity and building relationships with customers in anticipation that, by word of the mouth and established relationship, their bank‘s reputation will be enhanced. Limitations of the study and opportunities for future research are identified.

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46

Guillot, Mireille. "L'agitation comportementale des enfants à l'école : expression des procédés hors-jeu au Scéno-Test." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20039.

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Cette recherche concerne l’agitation comportementale de neuf enfants à l’école et utilise la médiation projective du Scéno-Test.En référence au concept de Moi-peau, la pratique clinique intersubjective des contenants de pensée dans l’institution fonde un regard sur la psychopathologie face à la Loi de février 2005 qui considère l’enfant agité comme handicapé. A l’intérieur de ces contenants en partie réducteurs sont analysés les trajets émotionnels des familles des enfants rencontrées, capables, à partir d’un groupe de professionnels au travail, de transformation psychique des dits contenants.En référence à la théorie des enveloppes psychiques, cette recherche propose, dans le cadre de l’examen psychologique, un dispositif consistant en la passation de 4 séances de Scéno-Test pour chaque enfant qui tient compte d’une pensée du "hors" significative de sa potentielle éjection de l’école.Dès lors, l’expression des procédés hors-jeu au Scéno-test relance par le moyen d’un jeu permis le psychisme de l’enfant.Au regard du concept de retournement, c’est la notion de fil projectif élaborée à partir d’une pensée du blanc du couvercle de jeu et la notion du négatif utilisée par le clinicien chercheur qui permettent de penser l’élaboration des réponses. Au sein d’enveloppes projectives, tel l’écran du rêve dans la dialectique de la veille et du sommeil, telle l’hallucination négative dans la dialectique de l’absence et de la présence, l’enfant reconstruit une scène d’origine traumatique.L’ensemble des données recueillies montre que l’enfant instable est en danger, même à l’école. Sa capacité au Scéno-Test à figurer, malgré les angoisses impensables, les secrets et/ou les dénis familiaux, lui permet de réaménager au sein de ces enveloppes projectives un espace interne suffisamment sécurisant pour être réinvesti.Ces premiers résultats permettent d’établir que le Scéno-Test, épreuve thématique, peut aussi être utilisé comme une épreuve structurale paradoxale
This research concerns the behavioral excitement of nine school children and uses the Scéno-Test projective mediation.In reference to the "Ego-skin" concept, the intersubjective clinical practice of thought containers in the institution a glance on the psychopathology in front of Act of February 2005 considering the restless child as an handicapped person. Inside these partially reducing containers are analyzed the emotional families axes encountered who, from a group of professionals in the work, can transform these containers.In reference to the psychic envelopes theory, this research proposes, as part of the psychological examination, a device consisting of the signing of 4 sessions of Scéno-Test for every child who takes into account a thought of "except" significant of his potential ejection of the school.From then on, the expression of the offside processes in Scéno-test stimulus by means of an allowed game helped the psyche of the child.Towards the concept of reversal, it’s the notion of thread projectif elaborated from a thought of the blank cover game and the notion of the negative used by the clinician researcher that allow to think of the elaboration of the answers. Within projectives envelopes, such as dream screen in the dialectic of waking and sleep, such as the negative hallucination in the dialectic of the absence and the presence, the child reconstructs a scene of traumatic origin.The overall results show that unstable child is in danger, even at school. Its ability to appear and represent capacity in Scéno-Test, despite the unthinkable fears and the family secrets and/or denials, allows him to reorganize within these projectives envelopes an internal space enough reassuring to be reinvested

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HASIJA, HITESH. "AN EFFECTIVE OPTIMIZED RECOMMENDER SYSTEM BASED ON FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUE." Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14867.

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Task of providing recommendations is achievable through recommender systems (RS). There are various classifications of RS i.e. content, collaborative and hybrid based. Apart from these three, there is one context aware RS. Because, through research it has been proved that, ratings provided by user for a movie or TV program also depends on demographic information, day type, time, mood, and other factors of environment. Considering all these contextual features and providing recommendation increases the computational time complexity of our program to a very high value. Apart from that, RS also suffer from cold start problem, scalability problem and data sparsity problem. Hence, artificial neural networks are used to provide recommendations and make this task achievable. Now, training of Artificial Neural Networks takes a very large time, due to high dimensional features. Because, the number of contextual feature attributes could vary from 24 to 35. In order to reduce time complexity, a perfect subset of these attributes should be considered. But, again reducing such a high dimensional contextual attributes is a kind of combinatorial optimization problem. This problem could be solved by using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). ACO with heuristic information as either covariance or fuzzy values are used as heuristic function. At the end, back propagation algorithm is used, for training the neural network, only on those feature subset obtained via ACO with covariance or fuzzy c means measures. While testing the RS, around 80% of the data set is classified as training data set and rest 20% of the data set is classified as testing data set. Accuracy of recommender system is determined, on testing data set. Finally, mean absolute error has also been calculated and results are analysed by comparing the accuracy of recommender system with previous approaches.

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48

HOODA, HEENA. "SOME STUDIES ON MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS." Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19607.

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Medical image processing is currently the foremost emerging and challenging area of research within the field of image processing. The images used for processing and analysis in the medical domain are captured through imaging technologies like MRI, CT Scan etc. Because of its broad availability and capacity to create high-resolution pictures, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly utilized imaging technique. MR imaging is a sophisticated visualisation technology that allows for the safe and non-invasive acquisition of pictures of the interior architecture of the human body. Processing and analysis of human brain images plays a major role in computer aided diagnosis and neuroscience research. It further helps in identification of several neurodegenerative and mental disorder diseases such as tumors, edema, Schizophrenia, Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson. The segmentation of MRI brain images allows representation of brain image into meaningful segments which helps in analysis and interpretation of image for identifying the area of interest, detecting tumor, and treatment planning. The segmentation of MR brain images is carried out manually within the clinical environment by the radiologist counting on their visual interpretation. This mapping is extremely time consuming tedious task and error prone to human dependency. In order to beat the shortcomings of mapping the tumor manually, the researchers are keen to develop automatic tumor segmentation system. Also, Automatic retrieval of images is of great importance in medical field as it helps in decision making for solving various problems and helps in treatment planning. viii This thesis work tries to cater various aspects of MR brain image classification and segmentation. In order to classify the image into tumorous and non-tumorous we have proposed to use binary patterns (LBP) as features. The LBP provides a label to each 3 X 3 window based on the connection between the centre pixel and adjacent pixels. The histogram of these labels is then sent into the classification step as a feature space. The pictures are categorised as tumorous or non-tumorous using the Minimal Complexity Machine (MCM) method. The accuracy computed is used to assess the results of the proposed approaches. After identification of MR brain image as tumorous, early detection and accurate treatment based on truthful diagnosis are the major concern to cure brain tumor. The precise position, direction, and extent of the aberrant tissues are crucial in the detection of brain tumour. Detection of anatomical brain structure plays a major role in the planning of treatment. This study involves comparative analysis of three image segmentation techniques for detection of brain tumor from sample MRI images of brain. K-Means Clustering, Fuzzy C-Means Clustering, and Region Growing are the picture segmentation algorithms used. A comparative analysis of the above mentioned image segmentation techniques is done and it was found that utilizing solely feature memberships may result in overlapping clusters, emphasising the importance of using both feature and object memberships. To handle this problem in case of MR brain images we introduce the application of Fuzzy Co-Clustering Algorithm for detection of brain tumor. In this algorithm co-clustering is integrated with the Fuzzy approach with a view to obtaining distinct clusters. However, these segmentation algorithms are not able to handle the uncertainty that arises from boundary between different tissues. To handle this type of uncertainty the generalization of fuzzy sets theory is used, known as intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS). In order to handle the ambiguity between different tissues we have formulated Intuitionistic Fuzzy Co- Clustering Algorithm. The performance of the ix algorithms is evaluated on the basis of match score, accuracy score, Dice score and Jaccard's similarity coefficient. Also amongst the most essential fields in computer-aided treatment and neuroscience studies is the segmentation of a human brain picture from MRI scans into three brain tissues: cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, and white matter. Segmentation algorithms such as FCM is very sensitive to noise. To avoid any stuck in local optimal results, ACO technique is used. ACO is used to determine the value of initial cluster centers. The centers thus obtained are fed into the system to perform segmentation. In modified FCM, Mahalanobis distance is used instead of Euclidean distance as Euclidean distance takes into account only the super-spherical shapes about the center of mass for clustering the data points, whereas data points belonging to same cluster may not be located in that area only. Also, the local neighborhood information is also considered as neighboring pixels are more likely to belong to same cluster. Also, we propose one more algorithm for brain image segmentation, a Fuzzy-Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and its application to MRI brain image segmentation. The proposed approach is based on GSA, and uses fuzzy inference rules for controlling the parameter α as search progresses. The results of the system are compared with GSA and recent work on brain image segmentation algorithms for both real and simulated database on the basis of Dice Coefficient values and is found to outperform. Also, we propose an image retrieval algorithm in this thesis. Automatic retrieval of images is of great importance in medical field as it helps in decision making for solving various problems. The feature extraction in content based image retrieval is a crucial stage whose success is determined on the approach used to extract characteristics from pictures. There are two types of visual content descriptors: global and local. To describe an image, a global descriptor describes the visual features of the entire image, whereas a local descriptor represents the visual features of areas or components. x The feature database is built by arranging these as multi-dimensional feature vectors. In this thesis, we have proposed a novel feature descriptor based on local binary pattern for retrieval of biomedical images.

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施彥瑋. "Fabrication of ITO Nanorod by AAO Technique." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32211128565804027766.

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碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系
92
Abstract Due to the fast development of the nanotechnology, size of material can be made into a relatively small shape. Surface area and volume ratio increasing effects change the physical and chemical characteristics of the material tremendously. Since one-dimensional nano-material has unique nano structure, they are very good in sensor, field-emitter and photoelectric component applications. Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) is a transparently conductive material with good photoelectric characteristics. It has been widely used as the electrode material of the liquid crystal display and organic LED. In this research, an anodizated aluminum oxide (AAO) based Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) nano rod array fabrication method is proposed. Firstly, a nano porous oxidized aluminum mold with 70 nm in diameter, 33 μm in height is constructed through electrochemical anodization method. Nickel-cobalt nanorods were grown on the holes of the porous AAO mold by electric-forming. Sodium hydroxide solution was then adopted to remove the aluminum film, resulting in a regular nickel-cobalt nanorod array. The nickel-cobalt nanorod array serves as a mask to further product oxidized indium-tin oxide nanorod array by dry etching.

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50

Chiou, Yan-Ru, and 邱彥儒. "Automatic Volume Quantification Method for ACM Image Segmentation Technique." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74997237407295269881.

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碩士
中台醫護技術學院
醫學工程暨材料研究所
95
Recently, active contour model (ACM) algorithm has been widely used to perform image segmentation in many clinical imaging modalities. It has been proven to be an efficient and accurate imaging segmentation method to segment the region of interest in high noise or low contrast image. In addition to segment out the lesion contour, how to accurately quantify the volume of the lesion in an image is very important. The direct counting method has been used to quantify the volume of ACM segmented regions. Although the error of the direct counting method is quite small in some segmented regions with simple shapes, the error is quite large in most segmented region with some concave or convex shapes. In order to alleviate the problems encountered by direct counting method, a new volume quantification method were proposed. The purpose of this study is to develop an accurate and efficient automatic volume quantification method for the ACM segmented region. The method presented herein includes edge linking and region filling processes. Various types of computer simulated images were created to evaluate the accuracy of the automatic volume quantification method. In the mean while, the relationship between image matrix size and the quantification of ACM segmented region were also investigated. These computer simulated images were categorized into three types, closed contour, discrete contour and regional types. Images with closed contour were used to evaluate the accuracy of the region filling process. The results showed that the accuracy of region filling process was 100%, and the average percentage error of direct counting method was 15.85%. It means that region filling process is more accurate and more reliable than direct counting method in quantifying the segmented region. Images with discrete contour were used to evaluate the accuracy of the edge linking process. The results showed that the average percentage error of edge linking and region filling process was 0.03% which is much smaller than that of direct counting method 15.08%. It means that edge linking and region filling process is more accurate and more reliable than direct counting method in quantifying the segmented region. Images with regional type were used to evaluate the accuracy of the ACM image segmentation. The results showed that the average percentage error of edge linking and region filling process after ACM image segmentation process was 7.52% which was much smaller than that of direct counting method 20.36%. It means that edge linking and region filling process after ACM image segmentation process is more accurate and more reliable than direct counting method in quantifying the segmented region. Regional type images with various matrices were used to evaluate the correlation between image matrix size and the quantification of ACM segmented region. The results showed that the average percentage errors of edge linking and region filling process after ACM image segmentation process were 17.55%(256 × 256), 10.89%(512 × 512) and 6.21%(1024 × 1024). It means that the larger the image matrix, the smaller the average percentage error. The larger the image matrix, the higher the accuracy of ACM image segmentation process. From the point of view of morphology, it also showed that the larger the image matrix of clinical MR images, the higher the accuracy of ACM image segmentation process and volume quantification. The proposed volume quantification method can be used in quantifying the volume of segmented region of interest after ACM image segmentation process accurately. It is capable of quantifying the volume of malignant lesion with irregular shapes. It might be useful to increase the efficiency, accuracy, externality in clinical diagnosis and the evaluations of pre-surgical, post-surgical or treatment plan.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ACO TECHNIQUE'

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