Relevant bibliographies by topics / ACO TECHNIQUE

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Academic literature on the topic 'ACO TECHNIQUE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ACO TECHNIQUE"

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Ratanavilisagul, Chiabwoot. "Modified Ant Colony Optimization with Route Elimination and Pheromone Reset for Multiple Pickup and Multiple Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 6 (November 20, 2022): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0959.

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The vehicle routing problem (VRP) has many applications in goods distribution and goods transportation. Today, many companies have requirements for VRP with multiple pickup and multiple delivery within due time. This problem is called multiple pickup and multiple delivery vehicle routing problem with time window (PDPTW). PDPTW has many constraints and ant colony optimization (ACO) has been used to solve it although ACO creates too many infeasible routes. Moreover, it often gets trapped in local optimum. To solve these problems, this paper proposed an improved ACO by using the route elimination technique and the pheromone reset technique. The ACO with route elimination technique, it has proven to solve the PDPTW problem with increased performance. The proposed technique was tested on datasets from the Li & Lim’s PDPTW benchmark problems and provided more satisfactory results compared to other ACO techniques.
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KATANGUR, AJAY K., SOMASHEKER AKKALADEVI, YI PAN, and MARTIN D. FRASER. "ROUTING IN OPTICAL MULTISTAGE NETWORKS WITH LIMITED CROSSTALK USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 16, no. 02 (April 2005): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054105003005.

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Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) techniques can be successfully implemented to solve many combinatorial optimization problems. After the traveling salesman problem was successfully solved using the ACO technique, other researchers have concentrated on solving other problems like the quadratic assignment and the job-shop scheduling problems using the same technique. In this paper we use the ACO technique to route messages through an N × N Optical Multistage Interconnection Network (OMIN) allowing upto ' C ' limited crosstalk's (conflicts between messages within a switch) where ' C ' is a technology driven parameter and is always less than log 2 N . Messages with switch conflicts satisfying the crosstalk constraint are allowed to pass in the same group, but if there is any link conflict, then messages have to be routed in a different group. The focus is to minimize the number of passes required for routing allowing upto ' C ' limited crosstalks in an N × N optical network. This routing problem is an NP-hard problem. In this paper we show how the ACO technique can be applied to the routing problem and compare the performance of the ACO technique to that of the degree-descending algorithm using simulation techniques. Finally the lower bound estimate on the minimum number of passes required is calculated and compared to the results obtained using the two algorithms discussed. The results obtained show that the ACO technique performs better than the degree-descending algorithm and is quite close to optimal algorithms to the problem.
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Hevin Rajesh, D. "Authentication Technique Using ACO in WSN." National Academy Science Letters 42, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40009-018-0667-5.

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Ahmed, Nisreen L. "ACO powered by Local Searches Algorithms for the Solution of TSP Problems." Qubahan Academic Journal 1, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v1n1a5.

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Swarm intelligence is a relatively new approach to problem solving that takes inspiration from the social behaviors of insects and other animals. Ants, in particular, have inspired a number of methods and techniques among which the most studied and successful is the general-purpose optimization technique, also known as ant colony optimization, In computer science and operations research, the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to arrive at the best solution for TSP. In this article, the researcher has introduced ways to use a great deluge algorithm with the ACO algorithm to increase the ability of the ACO in finding the best tour (optimal tour). Results are given for different TSP problems by using ACO with great deluge and other local search algorithms.
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Mhadhbi, Imene, Slim Ben Othman, and Slim Ben Saoud. "An Efficient Technique for Hardware/Software Partitioning Process in Codesign." Scientific Programming 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6382765.

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Codesign methodology deals with the problem of designing complex embedded systems, where automatic hardware/software partitioning is one key issue. The research efforts in this issue are focused on exploring new automatic partitioning methods which consider only binary or extended partitioning problems. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a hybrid FCMPSO partitioning technique, based on Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms suitable for mapping embedded applications for both binary and multicores target architecture. Our FCMPSO optimization technique has been compared using different graphical models with a large number of instances. Performance analysis reveals that FCMPSO outperforms PSO algorithm as well as the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and FCM standard metaheuristic based techniques and also hybrid solutions including PSO then GA, GA then SA, GA then ACO, ACO then SA, FCM then GA, FCM then SA, and finally ACO followed by FCM.
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Kumar, Sanjeev, and Preeti Singh. "Spectral Efficient Asymmetrically Clipped Hybrid FBMC for Visible Light Communication." International Journal of Optics 2021 (January 23, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8897928.

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Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation has shown sufficient potential for wireless communication. A hybrid optical FBMC technique is proposed to improve the spectral efficiency of a visible light communication (VLC) system. In this technique, a hybrid asymmetrically clipped optical offset quadrature amplitude modulation FBMC (HACO-OQAM-FBMC) modulation technique is used. Asymmetrically clipped optical FBMC (ACO-FBMC) is used for odd subcarriers, and pulse amplitude modulation-discrete multitone (PAM-DMT) is used for the even subcarriers. The proposed hybrid scheme uses an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) channel. It is shown that there is no interference on odd subcarriers using the proposed method and receiver demodulation is similar to that of ACO-FBMC receiver. However, clipping noise of ACO-FBMC falls on PAM-DMT subcarriers, which can be cancelled at receiver processing after estimation. The analytical performance of the proposed technique is compared using parameters, namely, bit error rate (BER), spectral efficiency, computational complexity, and peak to average power ratio (PAPR). It is found that HACO-OQAM-FBMC is more spectral efficient than ACO-FBMC and other OFDM-based techniques.
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Perumal, Boominathan, and Aramudhan M. "A Multi-Objective Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Virtual Machine Placement." International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications 5, no. 4 (October 2016): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfsa.2016100108.

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In cloud computing, the most important challenge is to enforce proper utilization of physical resources. To accomplish the mentioned challenge, the cloud providers need to take care of optimal mapping of virtual machines to a set of physical machines. In this paper, the authors address the mapping problem as a multi-objective virtual machine placement problem (VMP) and propose to apply multi-objective fuzzy ant colony optimization (F-ACO) technique for optimal placing of virtual machines in the physical servers. VMP-F-ACO is a combination of fuzzy logic and ACO, where we use fuzzy transition probability rule to simulate the behaviour of the ants and the authors apply the same for virtual machine placement problem. The results of fuzzy ACO techniques are compared with five variants of classical ACO, three bin packing heuristics and two evolutionary algorithms. The results show that the fuzzy ACO techniques are better than the other optimization and heuristic techniques considered.
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Karthikeyini, S., R. Sagayaraj, N. Rajkumar, and Punitha Kumaresa Pillai. "Security in Medical Image Management Using Ant Colony Optimization." Information Technology and Control 52, no. 2 (July 15, 2023): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.52.2.32532.

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Data encryption before transmission is still a crucial step in lowering security concerns in cloud-based environments. Steganography and image encryption methods validate the security of confidential data while it is being transmitted over the Internet. The paper presents the Ant Colony Optimization with Encryption Curve cryptography-based steganography technique to enhance the security of medical image management (ACO-ECC-SMIM). The initial stage is to create the stego images for the used cover image, the ACO algorithm-based image steganography technique is used. The creation of the encryption process is a key focus of the suggested ACO-ECC-SMIM strategy. The encryption process is initially carried out using an ECC technique, or elliptic curve cryptography. To maximize PSNR, the ACO technique is employed to optimize the crucial production process in the ECC model. The host image is subjected to an integer wavelet transform, and the coefficients have been altered. To determine the ideal coefficients where to conceal the data, the ACO optimization technique is utilized. The decryption and sharing reconstruction procedures are then carried out on the receiver side to create the original images. In image 1, the ACO-ECC-SMIM model showed an improved PSNR of 59.37dB. Image 5 has an improved PSNR of 59.53dB thanks to the ACO-ECC-SMIM model. A large-scale experimental investigation was conducted to show the improved performance of the proposed PIOE-SMIM method, and the findings demonstrated the superiority of the ACO-ECC-SMIM model over other approaches.
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V Raj, Shruthi, and Hemanth S R. "Simulation of ACO Technique Using NS2 Simulator." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 23, no. 8 (May 25, 2015): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v23p277.

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Sornchai, Piyanuch, and Sermsiri Chanprame. "Genetic Transformation of Dendrobium 'Sonia Earsakul' with Antisense Carica papaya ACO1 Gene." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 12 (November 1, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n12p125.

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<p><em>Dendrobium</em> orchid is one of the major export cut flowers not only in Thailand but also for several tropical countries. However, the production of ethylene by their flowers causes a shorter vase life. Flowers that contained lower levels of ethylene usually exhibited delayed senescence and consequently prolonged vase life. The transfer of antisense <em>ACC oxidase (ACO)</em> gene into orchid, in theory, may leads to decreased ethylene production because this gene can down regulates the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. This study focuses on the transformation and the existence and expression of the antisense <em>ACO</em>1 gene from papaya, namely (<em>CP-ACO</em>1), which was transferred in to <em>Dendrobium</em> 'Sonia Earsakul'. The successful stable transformation event obtained and the existence of the transferred gene was determined using PCR, dot blot hybridization and Southern blot hybridization techniques. The results revealed that antisense <em>CP-ACO</em>1 and <em>hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt)</em> gene existed in all transgenic lines confirmed by PCR technique. The genomic dot blot confirmed the incorporation of the transgene in transgenic plant genome. Southern blot hybridization revealed the existed of one to four sets of the gene in transgenic lines. The expression of antisense <em>CP-ACO</em>1 gene was analyzed through the level of ACO enzyme activity and ethylene production in transgenic orchid. All of the transgenic lines had lower ACO enzyme activity and lower ethylene production than that of the non-transgenic orchid plants.<strong> </strong></p> <p> </p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ACO TECHNIQUE"

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Kollin, Felix, and Adel Bavey. "Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms : Pheromone Techniques for TSP." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208374.

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Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) uses behaviour observed in real-life ant colonies in order to solve shortest path problems. Short paths are found with the use of pheromones, which allow ants to communicate indirectly. There are numerous pheromone distribution techniques for virtual ant systems and this thesis studies two of the most well known, Elitist and Max-Min. Implementations of Elitist and Max-Min ACO algorithms were tested using instances of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The performance of the different techniques are compared with respect to runtime, iterations and approximation quality when the optimal solution could not be found. It was found that the Elitist strategy performs better on small TSP instances where the number of possible paths are reduced. However, Max-Min proved to be more reliable and better performing when more paths could be chosen or size of the instances increased. When approximating solutions for large instances, Elitist was able to achieve high quality approximations faster than Max-Min. On the other hand, the overall quality of the approximations were better when Max-Min was studied after a slightly longer runtime, compared to Elitist.
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) drar lärdom av beteende observerat hos riktiga myror för att lösa kortaste vägen problem. Korta vägar hittas med hjälp av feromoner, som tillåter myror att kommunicera indirekt. Det finns flera tekniker för att distribuera feromoner i virtuella myr-system och denna rapport kommer studera två av de mest kända, Elitist och Max-Min. Implementationer av Elitist och Max-Min ACO algoritmer testades med instanser av Handelsresandeproblemet (TSP). Prestandan hos de olika teknikerna jämförs med avseende på körtid, iterationer och approximeringskvalité när den optimala lösningen inte kunde hittas. Det konstaterades att Elitist strategin fungerar bättre på små TSP instanser där antalet möjliga stigar är begränsade. Däremot visade det sig Max-Min vara bättre och mer pålitlig när instansernas storlek ökades eller när fler stigar kunde väljas. När lösningar approximerades för stora instanser kunde Elitist uppnå approximationer med god kvalité snabbare än Max-Min. Däremot var den generella kvalitén hos approximationerna bättre när Max-Min studerades efter en lite längre körtid, jämfört med Elitist.
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Valery, Alexia. "Caractérisation de microtextures par la technique ACOM-TEM dans le cadre du développement des technologies avancées en microélectronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI018/document.

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Afin d’optimiser les composants de l’industrie de la microélectronique, il est essentiel d’établir le lien entre la texture cristallographique des matériaux constitutifs et leurs propriétés électriques, thermiques et mécaniques. Ainsi, il est nécessaire de disposer d’outils capables de cartographier la morphologie et l’orientation cristallographique des grains à l’échelle nanométrique. La technique ACOM, implémentée sur un Microscope Electronique en Transmission (MET), permet d’obtenir ces informations en exploitant les figures de diffraction électronique. Dans cette thèse, les capacités de cette technique sont évaluées, à la fois pour déterminer la microtexture de matériaux confinés dans quelques dizaines de nanomètres, et pour répondre aux problématiques associées à la fabrication de nouveaux circuits. Cette étude montre dans un premier temps l’importance de l’optimisation des conditions opératoires du MET afin de diminuer les erreurs d’indexation. Des analyses quantitatives de microtexture sont ensuite menées sur des films minces de siliciures de nickel-platine pour différents dopage du substrat, concentration en platine, et température de recuit. Enfin, le cas d’une superposition de signaux de diffraction observé lorsque plusieurs grains sont contenus dans l’épaisseur de l’échantillon est étudié. Les résultats montrent que les erreurs d’indexation restent rares dans ce cas et que les grains de plus large fraction volumique sont majoritairement sélectionnés par l’algorithme d’indexation. Une méthode est alors proposée pour traiter la totalité de l’information détectée dans les clichés de diffraction. Elle s’appuie sur l’indexation successive des orientations cristallographiques après soustraction préalable des réflexions associées à l’orientation précédemment indexée. Les capacités de cet outil en termes de caractérisation de la morphologie des grains superposés sont finalement comparées à deux autres techniques basées sur la reconstruction d’images en champ sombre et sur la factorisation en matrices non-négatives
The development of advanced nodes in microelectronics requires to understand the impact of crystal size and orientation on the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of materials. New tools have been developed to map the grains orientation and morphology of nanometer-scaled structures. Among them, the Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping technique used on a Transmission Electron Microscope (ACOM-TEM) is based on the indexation of electron diffraction patterns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abilities and limitations of the ACOM-TEM technique for the characterization of microelectronics-related materials. Consequently, its ability to analyze nano-sized materials and the possibility of answering problematics related to microelectronics front-end fabrication challenges were investigated. The study highlighted in the first place the importance of the TEM illumination settings. The results showed that minimizing the electron probe convergence angle even at the cost of a larger size has decreased mis-indexation issues. These optimum settings were used to perform quantitative texture analysis of NiPt-silicide thin films. Finally, the case of superimposed diffraction patterns related to overlapping grains was analyzed. Experiments showed that mis-indexing remains limited despite the superimposition and that grains with larger fraction volume were preferentially selected by template matching. A dedicated method was also proposed to overcome crystal overlapping issues. The approach is based on iterative re-indexation of diffraction patterns after subtraction of the reflections related to the previous ACOM best match. Considering the same diffraction patterns data-set, the capabilities of this method to recover the grains size and morphology were compared to two recent techniques based respectively on the analysis of virtual dark field (VDF) images and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)
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He, Xueying. "Characterization of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film by Combined Scattering Techniques." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1383645061.

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Moore, Simon Scott. "Perceived performance risk and its influence on Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS) - An exploratory study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15956/1/Simon_Moore_Thesis.pdf.

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Despite predictions of Internet shopping reaching 6.9 trillion dollars by the end of 2004, research is now suggesting many online consumers are still very reluctant to complete the online shopping process. A number of authors have attributed consumers' reluctance to purchase online to apparent barriers, however, such barriers have not been fully examined within a theoretical context. While most studies of consumers' decision to shop on the Internet have focussed on key shopping determinants, this thesis builds a conceptual model grounded in consumer behaviour theory. In particular, this thesis explores the application of the perceived risk theoretical framework, specifically looking at one dimension of perceived risk theory - performance risk and the influence it has on the phenomenon of Internet Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS). To explore this phenomenon, a number of extrinsic cues are identified as playing a major role in the performance evaluation process of online purchases. The combination of these elements enabled the researcher to develop a conceptual model from which a series of propositions were drawn. To acquire pertinent data and investigate each proposition, this study used a combination of indirect and direct techniques, namely projective techniques in the form of a third-person vignette, a structured tick-box questionnaire and finally semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that collectively the extrinsic cues of brand, reputation, design and price have an overall impact on the performance evaluation process just prior to an online purchase. Varying these cues either positively or negatively had a strong impact on performance evaluation. The conclusion of this study suggests consumers are often unable to measure the full extent of risk-taking directly. In the majority of cases, consumers are guided by numerous factors, some intrinsic, others extrinsic. E-tailers with an established reputation, a well designed web site with known brands and a balanced pricing strategy reduce the perceived performance risks associated with purchasing online, thus reducing the occurrence of ACS.
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Moore, Simon Scott. "Perceived performance risk and its influence on Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS) - An exploratory study." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15956/.

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Despite predictions of Internet shopping reaching 6.9 trillion dollars by the end of 2004, research is now suggesting many online consumers are still very reluctant to complete the online shopping process. A number of authors have attributed consumers' reluctance to purchase online to apparent barriers, however, such barriers have not been fully examined within a theoretical context. While most studies of consumers' decision to shop on the Internet have focussed on key shopping determinants, this thesis builds a conceptual model grounded in consumer behaviour theory. In particular, this thesis explores the application of the perceived risk theoretical framework, specifically looking at one dimension of perceived risk theory - performance risk and the influence it has on the phenomenon of Internet Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS). To explore this phenomenon, a number of extrinsic cues are identified as playing a major role in the performance evaluation process of online purchases. The combination of these elements enabled the researcher to develop a conceptual model from which a series of propositions were drawn. To acquire pertinent data and investigate each proposition, this study used a combination of indirect and direct techniques, namely projective techniques in the form of a third-person vignette, a structured tick-box questionnaire and finally semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that collectively the extrinsic cues of brand, reputation, design and price have an overall impact on the performance evaluation process just prior to an online purchase. Varying these cues either positively or negatively had a strong impact on performance evaluation. The conclusion of this study suggests consumers are often unable to measure the full extent of risk-taking directly. In the majority of cases, consumers are guided by numerous factors, some intrinsic, others extrinsic. E-tailers with an established reputation, a well designed web site with known brands and a balanced pricing strategy reduce the perceived performance risks associated with purchasing online, thus reducing the occurrence of ACS.
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Abidoye, Ademola Philip. "Energy optimization for wireless sensor networks using hierarchical routing techniques." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7064.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become a popular research area that is widely gaining the attraction from both the research and the practitioner communities due to their wide area of applications. These applications include real-time sensing for audio delivery, imaging, video streaming, and remote monitoring with positive impact in many fields such as precision agriculture, ubiquitous healthcare, environment protection, smart cities and many other fields. While WSNs are aimed to constantly handle more intricate functions such as intelligent computation, automatic transmissions, and in-network processing, such capabilities are constrained by their limited processing capability and memory footprint as well as the need for the sensor batteries to be cautiously consumed in order to extend their lifetime. This thesis revisits the issue of the energy efficiency in sensor networks by proposing a novel clustering approach for routing the sensor readings in wireless sensor networks. The main contribution of this dissertation is to 1) propose corrective measures to the traditional energy model adopted in current sensor networks simulations that erroneously discount both the role played by each node, the sensor node capability and fabric and 2) apply these measures to a novel hierarchical routing architecture aiming at maximizing sensor networks lifetime. We propose three energy models for sensor network: a) a service-aware model that account for the specific role played by each node in a sensor network b) a sensor-aware model and c) load-balancing energy model that accounts for the sensor node fabric and its energy footprint. These two models are complemented by a load balancing model structured to balance energy consumption on the network of cluster heads that forms the backbone for any cluster-based hierarchical sensor network. We present two novel approaches for clustering the nodes of a hierarchical sensor network: a) a distanceaware clustering where nodes are clustered based on their distance and the residual energy and b) a service-aware clustering where the nodes of a sensor network are clustered according to their service offered to the network and their residual energy. These approaches are implemented into a family of routing protocols referred to as EOCIT (Energy Optimization using Clustering Techniques) which combines sensor node energy location and service awareness to achieve good network performance. Finally, building upon the Ant Colony Optimization System (ACS), Multipath Routing protocol based on Ant Colony Optimization approach for Wireless Sensor Networks (MRACO) is proposed as a novel multipath routing protocol that finds energy efficient routing paths for sensor readings dissemination from the cluster heads to the sink/base station of a hierarchical sensor network. Our simulation results reveal the relative efficiency of the newly proposed approaches compared to selected related routing protocols in terms of sensor network lifetime maximization.
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Twitchell, Douglas P. "Automated Analysis Techniques for Online Conversations with Application in Deception Detection." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1111%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Mankou, Martin. "Les marchés publics dans le cadre de l'aide financière et technique du Fonds européen de développement aux États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10038.

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L'aide financière et technique du fonds européen de développement (FED) aux États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique sous les conventions d'association de Yaoundé et de coopération de Lomé induit notamment la réalisation des projets et programmes à travers la technique juridique du marché public. Au plan juridique, les marches publics de travaux, de fournitures et de services du FED dans les états ACP revêtent une dimension particulière ; en raison d'une triple implication : de la CEE en tant que source du financement international et public des marchés ; de l'état ACP en tant que bénéficiaire du financement et maître d'ouvrage ; des entreprises, des fournisseurs et des bureaux d'études des états membres et/ou des états ACP en tant que soumissionnaires ou titulaires. Le financement international d'origine publique de la CEE, la participation active de la commission des CE au processus de passation et d'exécution font se démarquer les marchés publics du FED dans les états ACP des marchés publics strictement nationaux c'est-à-ire financés par les budgets d'investissement de ces états. Il y a ici d'une part une attraction certaine de l'ordre juridique communautaire sur les opérations de passation et d'exécution des marchés et d'autre part la prise en compte des intérêts des personnes communautaires. Ce double constat aboutit à une neutralisation du pouvoir normatif de l'état ACP et de son ordre juridique qui se manifestent par l'exercice d'un pouvoir prépondérant formel ou insidieux de la commission des CE, la mise en tutelle de l'état ACP par la commission des CE, l'autonomisation de la réglementation applicable et enfin l'éviction des juridictions nationales de l'état ACP en cas de litiges. Par ailleurs, l'imprécision des centres de décision entre les représentants de l'état ACP maître d'ouvrage et les représentants de la commission des CE dans le processus de passation et d'exécution des marchés est une source de complexité du règlement contentieux qui plonge les soumissionnaires évincés et les titulaires des marchés dans une angoisse kafkaïenne. C'est à travers l'appréhension du cadre réglementaire de la passation et de l'exécution que la présente étude est menée
Under Yaoundé and Lomé conventions, technical and financial aid from EDF (European Developpement Fund) brings about projects and programmes achievement in the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. On the legal level, it requires tendering and execution procedures for works, supply and services contracts. EDF's contracts in the ACP states has a particular characteristic because of three involvements: involvement of EEC as international and financial source involvement of ACP state as recipient and contracting authority - involvement of European and ACP firms, suppliers, and consultants as tenderers and contractors. Tendering and execution procedures show that money-lender's powers are more important than I contracting authority ones. This assertion can be verified through the analysis of general regulations, general conditions of contracts. ACP states are under the rule of EEC commission, ACP national law order is excluded, disputes relating to the tender procedures and the award of the contract have to be submitted to arbitration, but not to the jurisdiction of the domestic court of the beneficiary state. EEC's commission controls the choice made by the national committee of tenderness. This study presents some solutions to improve both tender procedures and performance of contracts
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Frederic, John. "Examination of Initialization Techniques for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/63.

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While much research has been done regarding different Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithms, less time has been spent looking at initialization techniques. In this thesis, four different initializations are considered. After a brief discussion of NMF, the four initializations are described and each one is independently examined, followed by a comparison of the techniques. Next, each initialization's performance is investigated with respect to the changes in the size of the data set. Finally, a method by which smaller data sets may be used to determine how to treat larger data sets is examined.
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Diver, Carl. "An investigation into novel micro-hole machining techniques for next generation fuel injection nozzle manufacture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:207667.

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Books on the topic "ACO TECHNIQUE"

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Marx, Robert. Revision ACL reconstruction: Indications and technique. New York: Springer, 2014.

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Coderre, David, ed. Fraud Analysis Techniques Using ACL. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119203704.

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Fraud analysis techniques using ACL. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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Zhang, Hua. Du mu ju wen ben de xu shi yan jiu: One act play. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo xi ju chu ban she, 2020.

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Ace your acting audition: Using Iconic specificity and other surefire techniques. New York: S.O.M.E., 2009.

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Arnold, Johnston, Percy Deborah Ann, and New Issues Poetry & Prose (Firm), eds. The art of the one-act: [an anthology]. Kalamazoo, Mich: New Issues Poetry & Prose, College of Arts and Sciences, Western Michigan University, 2007.

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Cope, Ronald Thomas. Application of Equipercentile techniques to test scale construction: Scaling and equating of the ACT ASSET placement test battery. Iowa City, Iowa: American College Testing Program, 1989.

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Peterson's ACT math flash: Proven techniques for building math power for the ACT. Princeton, N.J: Peterson's, 1997.

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Perfect 10: Writing and producing the ten-minute play. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2001.

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Eisenman, Michael. Experts on ACT!: The best from Easy ACT!, vol. 3 : essential information from the publisher of Easy ACT!, including exclusive tips, techniques, and workarounds. Roswell, GA: Pinnacle Pub., 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "ACO TECHNIQUE"

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Singh, Maninder, and Rajdeep Kaur. "LP-ACO Technique for Link Stability in VANETs." In International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications, 111–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2324-9_12.

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Gautam, Aditya, and Mantosh Biswas. "Edge Detection Technique Using ACO with PSO for Noisy Image." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 383–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1280-9_36.

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Musirin, Ismail, Nur Hazima Faezaa Ismail, Mohd Rozely Kalil, Muhammad Khayat Idris, Titik Khawa Abdul Rahman, and Mohd Rafi Adzman. "Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Technique in Economic Power Dispatch Problems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 191–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9532-0_15.

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Ahmad, Salman, Atif Iqbal, Imtiaz Ashraf, and Zahoor Ahmad Ganie. "Harmonics Minimization in Multilevel Inverter by Continuous Mode ACO Technique." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 95–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0749-3_7.

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Rupérez Cañas, Delfín, Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco, and Luis Javier García Villalba. "Technique to Neutralize Link Failures for an ACO-Based Routing Algorithm." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 251–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34654-5_26.

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Lakshmi E, Sri, and S. P. Singh. "A Comprehensive Comparative Economic Analysis of ACO and CS Technique for Optimal Operation of Stand-alone HES." In Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems, 549–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0214-9_58.

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Ryu, Dong Jin, and Joon Ho Wang. "Surgical Techniques of ACL Reconstruction, A. AM Portal Technique." In Knee Arthroscopy, 81–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8191-5_8.

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Han, Hyuk-Soo, and Myung Chul Lee. "Surgical Techniques of ACL Reconstruction, B. Trans-Tibial Technique." In Knee Arthroscopy, 75–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8191-5_7.

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Deie, Masataka. "Surgical Technique of ACL Augmentation." In ACL Injury and Its Treatment, 349–60. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55858-3_28.

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Abdelwahab, Rehab H., Mohamed El-Habrouk, Tamer H. Abdelhamid, and Samir Deghedie. "Load Balancing of 3-Phase LV Network Using GA, ACO and ACO/GA Optimization Techniques." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1338–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01054-6_93.

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Conference papers on the topic "ACO TECHNIQUE"

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Pal, Dheeraj, Pratima Verma, Divya Gautam, and Priyanka Indait. "Improved optimization technique using hybrid ACO-PSO." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngct.2016.7877428.

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Santra, Dipankar, Arindam Mondal, Anirban Mukherjee, and Krishna Sarker. "Hybrid PSO — ACO technique to solve economic load dispatch problem." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (ICRCICN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrcicn.2015.7434233.

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Zhang, Tiantian, Yaojun Qiao, Zhenshan Zhang, Ji Zhou, Yueming Lu, and Fei Su. "Performance-enhancement ACO-FOFDM Scheme with DCT-spread Technique for OWC." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3291842.3291868.

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Benhala, Bachir, Ali Ahaitouf, Abdellah Mechaqrane, and Brahim Benlahbib. "Multi-objective optimization of second generation current conveyors by the ACO technique." In 2012 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmcs.2012.6320142.

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Palaniappan, Janaki Raman. "V-Crypto Images/Videos/Textsby Two Key Authentication Using ACO Algorithm Technique." In 2022 International Conference on Machine Learning, Computer Systems and Security (MLCSS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlcss57186.2022.00076.

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Nobre Pereira, Marta Sofia, Tânia Marques, Cláudia Guerreiro, Djamila Neves, Vanda Areias, Karl Cunha, Helena Ramos, Isabel Ruivo, and Ulisses Brito. "Screening of inhalation technique and treatment adherence of COPD, asthma and ACO patients." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4200.

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Babu, P. Ravi, Ritu Shenoy, N. Ramya, Soujanya, and Sushma Shetty. "Implementation of ACO technique for load balancing through reconfiguration in electrical distribution system." In 2014 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas: Magnetics, Machines and Drives (AICERA/iCMMD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aicera.2014.6908233.

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Senel, Mehmet Can, Bengisu Ozen, Emine Karakoc, and Ali Ozen. "A Novel Spectral Efficient ACO-OFDM Technique for Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection Systems." In 2022 30th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu55565.2022.9864799.

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Dissanayake, Sarangi D., Kusha Panta, and Jean Armstrong. "A novel technique to simultaneously transmit ACO-OFDM and DCO-OFDM in IM/DD systems." In 2011 IEEE Globecom Workshops. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162561.

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Liu, Gang, Miao Peng, Cuiwei Liu, Ming Chen, Hui Zhou, and Qinghui Chen. "Receiver Sensitivity Improvement of Layered-ACO-OFDM System Enabled by Layered-DFT/OCT Precoding Technique." In 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acp.2018.8595736.

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Reports on the topic "ACO TECHNIQUE"

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Han and Burns. L51587 Field Techniques to Determine Electrical Shorts Between Carrier Pipe and Casing Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010311.

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Corrosion protection of pipelines inside casings recently has received increasing attention. Although, historically, the safety record of operating pipelines within casings has been excellent, recent experience of the pipeline industry has suggested that potential problems may exist and improved or new field techniques for monitoring the effectiveness of corrosion control practices need to be developed specifically for the pipeline within casings. Furthermore, the mechanism or the root cause of corrosion of pipelines inside casings needs to be better understood. The objectives of the research have been to develop a reliable field technique, based upon the AC-impedance technique, to determine whether or not a carrier pipe is electrically (metallically) shorted to a casing pipe, and to develop a prototype instrument for field use. During 1987, Task 1 "Development of a Field Technique to Determine Electrical Shorts" was performed. Major subtasks performed in Task 1 were a review of the currently available field techniques for electrical short detection
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Kroll, Joshua A. ACM TechBrief: Facial Recognition Technology. ACM, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3520137.

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Facial recognition is not a monolithic technology or a particular technique. Rather, facial recognition refers to any technology that automatically processes and purports to identify faces in images or videos. While humans interpret faces easily, computers must extract patterns from data or humans must code patterns into the system. Applying these patterns yields the facial descriptors (often referred to as faceprints) on which facial recognition systems rely to achieve their function.
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Fourie and Tullmin. L51912 Corrosion-CP Monitoring of Locations Remote from a Test Station. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010624.

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It is accepted that many situations exist on pipelines where a significant length of the pipeline (typically 2000 ft to 5 miles) is either totally inaccessible or access is so difficult or expensive that monitoring is not done at the required frequency. The need for finding a technique to allow the corrosion engineer to monitor CP levels of inaccessible locations from an accessible remote location has therefore been identified. A study to investigate all possible techniques available to achieve the above objective and to analyze typical scenarios requiring this approach has therefore been undertaken. Numerous techniques varying from pipe-to-soil type measurements, above ground current attenuation measurements, direct measurement of pipeline current, and measurement of the AC impedance response of the inaccessible section of pipeline were identified. In addition, some novel remote monitoring methods applicable to hostile inaccessible locations were identified. Analysis of these techniques in relation to the problem lead to the development of an algorithm to facilitate the choice of possible techniques under specific conditions.
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Upadhyaya, Shrini, Dan Wolf, William J. Chancellor, Itzhak Shmulevich, and Amos Hadas. Traction-Soil Compaction Tradeoffs as a Function of Dynamic Soil-Tire Interation Due to Varying Soil and Loading Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612832.bard.

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The objectives of this study were to investigate soil-pneumatic tire interaction and develop traction-soil compaction prediction model. We have developed an inverse solution technique that employs a response surface methodology to determine engineering properties of soil in-situ. This technique is useful in obtaining actual properties of soil in-situ for use in traction and soil compaction studies rather than using the values obtained in the laboratory by employing remolded and/or disturbed soil samples. We have conducted extensive field tests i the U.S. to develop semi-empirical traction prediction equation for radial ply tires. A user friendly traction-soil compaction program was developed to predict tractive ability of radial ply tires using several different techniques and to estimate soil compaction induced by these tires. A traction prediction model that incorporates strain rate effects on the tractive ability of tires was developed in Israel. A mobile single wheel tester and an in-situ soil test device were developed i Israel to significantly enhance the ability of Israeli investigators to conduct traction-soil compaction research. This project has resulted in close cooperation between UCD, Technion, and ARO, which will be instrumental in future collaboration.
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Holdmann, Gwen. Recovery Act Validation of Innovative Exploration Techniques Pilgrim Hot Springs, Alaska. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1182279.

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Kiefner. L51606 Technique Development for Polarized Pipe-to-Soil Potential Measurements. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010103.

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In the recent past years there has been a considerable amount of effort devoted to developing methods and instruments to correct measured pipe-to-soil potentials for IR drops that may occur from currents (from the cathodic protection system or stray sources) in the soil to obtain the polarized potential. However, many of the methods or instruments available are either time-consuming, cumbersome to use in the field, applicable to only certain types of cathodic protection systems and under particular circumstances, subject to influences from stray current sources or not fully developed as of yet. Thus, there is a need to develop a practical method of determining the polarized pipe potential free of IR drop errors. This report examines and compares seven available methods for measuring polarized potential and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. The following methods for measuring polarized potential were evaluated: (1) pipe-to-soil measurements with cathodic protection; (2) pipe-to-soil measurements with interrupted cathodic protection (also called instant-off); (3) measurements based on rectifier AC waveform analysis; (4) stepped current reduction; (5) a four-terminal network; (6) extrapolation to zero resistance (IR drop); and (7) a combination of DC/AC transverse measurements.
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Khan, Saif, and Alexander Mann. AI Chips: What They Are and Why They Matter. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190014.

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The success of modern AI techniques relies on computation on a scale unimaginable even a few years ago. What exactly are the AI chips powering the development and deployment of AI at scale and why are they essential? Saif M. Khan and Alexander Mann explain how these chips work, why they have proliferated, and why they matter.
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Groeneveld. L41039 Locating Coating Defects and Interpreting Cathodic Protection Effectiveness. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011227.

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A number of commercially available survey methods were examined to determine the best techniques for locating coating defects and interpreting cathodic protection effectiveness. The survey evaluated numerous methods using AC, DC, and electromagnetic measurement principles. The evaluations were based upon vendor literature, previous technical publications, and practical experience.
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Gummow. L51800 Cathodic Protection Considerations for Pipelines with AC Mitigation Facilities. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010125.

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Induced AC on pipelines, despite the installation of AC mitigation facilities, can still produce deleterious effects involving the safe operation of the pipeline, the effective operation of the cathodic protection system, and the safety of personnel. One of the most serious consequences of steady state induced AC is that AC corrosion can occur, even though the induced AC voltage has been reduced to less than 15V as required by the standards and notwithstanding cathodic protection levels that also satisfy the standards. Implementation of the findings of this report will result in improved effectiveness of CP systems, longer useful pipeline operation life and a reduction personnel safety hazards. This project resulted in a report identifying and avoiding those situations where AC mitigation techniques may reduce the effectiveness of the CP system.
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Jones, Scott B., Shmuel P. Friedman, and Gregory Communar. Novel streaming potential and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597910.bard.

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The “Novel streaming potential (SP) and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone” project ended Oct. 30, 2015, after an extension to complete travel and intellectual exchange of ideas and sensors. A significant component of this project was the development and testing of the Penta-needle Heat Pulse Probe (PHPP) in addition to testing of the streaming potential concept, both aimed at soil water flux determination. The PHPP was successfully completed and shown to provide soil water flux estimates down to 1 cm day⁻¹ with altered heat input and timing as well as use of larger heater needles. The PHPP was developed by Scott B. Jones at Utah State University with a plan to share sensors with Shmulik P. Friedman, the ARO collaborator. Delays in completion of the PHPP resulted in limited testing at USU and a late delivery of sensors (Sept. 2015) to Dr. Friedman. Two key aspects of the subsurface water flux sensor development that delayed the availability of the PHPP sensors were the addition of integrated electrical conductivity measurements (available in February 2015) and resolution of bugs in the microcontroller firmware (problems resolved in April 2015). Furthermore, testing of the streaming potential method with a wide variety of non-polarizable electrodes at both institutions was not successful as a practical measurement tool for water flux due to numerous sources of interference and the M.S. student in Israel terminated his program prematurely for personal reasons. In spite of these challenges, the project funded several undergraduate students building sensors and several master’s students and postdocs participating in theory and sensor development and testing. Four peer-reviewed journal articles have been published or submitted to date and six oral/poster presentations were also delivered by various authors associated with this project. We intend to continue testing the "new generation" PHPP probes at both USU and at the ARO resulting in several additional publications coming from this follow-on research. Furthermore, Jones is presently awaiting word on an internal grant application for commercialization of the PHPP at USU.
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