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Academic literature on the topic 'Aciers faiblement alliés'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aciers faiblement alliés"
Mazanec, K. "Propriétés et ténacité aciers faiblement alliés utilisés dans les industries chimique et nucléaire." Matériaux & Techniques 73, no. 2-3 (1985): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/198573020085.
Full textBlondeau, R. "La tenue des aciers faiblement alliés en présence d'H2S : mécanismes, facteurs principaux, solutions." Revue de Métallurgie 88, no. 4 (April 1991): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199188040369.
Full textNicoli, Cécile, Jean-François Carton, Alexis Vaucheret, and Philippe Jacquet. "Caractérisation de la propreté inclusionnaire d’aciers de fonderie par analyse d’images en microscopie électronique à balayage." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 5 (2019): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018133.
Full textHausild, P., C. Berdin, P. Bompard, and C. Prioul. "Influence des inclusions sur la rupture d'un acier faiblement allié." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 106 (March 2003): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030227.
Full textBataillon, C., C. Musy, and M. Roy. "Corrosion des surconteneurs de déchets, cas d'un surconteneur en acier faiblement allié." Le Journal de Physique IV 11, PR1 (April 2001): Pr1–267—Pr1–274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2001127.
Full textChicot, D., O. Bartier, M. Zampronio, P. E. V. De Miranda, and J. Lesage. "Diffusion et solubilité de l’hydrogène dans un acier faiblement allié nitruré ioniquement." Revue de Métallurgie 95, no. 5 (May 1998): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199895050659.
Full textLesage, J., D. Chicot, O. Bartier, M. Zampronio, and P. E. V. De Miranda. "Influence de l'hydrogène sur le comportement en traction d'un acier faiblement allié nitruré ioniquement." Revue de Métallurgie 95, no. 12 (December 1998): 1511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199895121511.
Full textRaoul, S., B. Marini, and A. Pineau. "Rupture intergranulaire fragile d'un acier faiblement allié induite par la ségrégation d'impuretés aux joints de grains." Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR4 (April 1999): Pr4–179—Pr4–184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1999423.
Full textChicot, D., O. Bartier, M. Zampronio, P. E. V. De Miranda, and J. Lesage. "Apport de la diffraction des rayons X à l’étude d’un acier faiblement allié nitruré ioniquement par plasma." Matériaux & Techniques 83, no. 1-2 (1995): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/199583010045.
Full textRegad, B., M. Viennot, D. David, and S. Lecourt. "Influence des éléments d’addition sur les premiers stades de l’oxydation d’un acier faiblement allié, entre 600 et 800 °C." Revue de Métallurgie 91, no. 12 (December 1994): 1805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199491121805.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Aciers faiblement alliés"
Hausĭld, Petr. "Transition ductile-fragile dans un acier faiblement allié." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0848.
Full textNicoli, Cécile. "Etude et optimisation de la solidification d’aciers faiblement alliés lors du process de fonderie par inoculation." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0021/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to improve the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel (0.2%) without the use of expensive secondary metallurgy processes. For this, a method of inoculation, already used during the development of the cast iron, is transposed to our steel grade. It consists in adding very small quantities in liquid steel in order to modify the solidification process, thus the microstructure and consequently the properties of the steel, especially resilience. The addition of elements in very small quantities does not modify the grade of steel. They must be added at the end of melting of the metal in the form of powder in the casting stream. The effects of these elements will be seen on the microstructure, particularly in terms of inclusions and grain size. The "good candidate" is an element that will lead to a homogeneous distribution of inclusions of small size and spherical shape. It must also make it possible to reduce the size of the grains. These structural modifications are supposed to improve the mechanical properties of the steel and in particular the impact resistance. A reference piece is made to study the microstructure. The retained shape is a parallelepiped ingot sized using a casting simulation software to prevent major foundry defects. The size is adapted to the laboratory scale (furnace capacity 120 kg). The load corresponding to the grade studied are provided by the SAFE Metal, the partner company. The first step is to obtain a suitably deoxidized bath; that means adding aluminum in order to trap the dissolved oxygen and to evacuate it. To demonstrate any significant effects of the various inoculants tested, it is necessary to start from a reference sample containing a relatively high number of inclusions. This is achieved by adding sulfur to the liquid bath. This element acts directly on the number of inclusions present in the steel by forming sulphides. For the inoculation stage, it was necessary to create specific tools that could be adapted to the laboratory scale. Trials are then carried out with different products at varying concentrations. The samples obtained are analyzed by various techniques: chemical analysis of steel (spark spectrometry and ICP), microstructure and grain size analysis (optical micrograph) and inclusion counting. In order to detect inclusions, count and classify them by their nature, shape and size, two possibilities exist. Either using an optical microscope but the risks of error are significant and the process is long and tedious, either using a specific software (AZtec) coupled to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is this choice that was made, because besides the fact that it allows a considerable saving of time thanks to an automation of the process, it is possible to know via an EDS probe, the chemical composition of each particle. For all the products tested, it was shown that inoculation had little effect on the size of the inclusions and that they became more complex by containing several chemical elements. For some products, clusters of inclusions appear. These clusters are likely to promote the fragility of steel by forming cracking primers. For others, the inclusions decrease sharply, have a globular shape and the grain size is refined. These effects tend to improve the mechanical properties of these steels. The introductory content of the inoculant is also determined for maximum effectiveness. The most efficient inoculant can be used for a possible industrialization
Hantcherli, Muriel. "Influence d'éléments d'addition sur les transformations de la martensite revenue dans les aciers faiblement alliés." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541049.
Full textHantcherli, Muriel. "Influence d’éléments d’addition sur les transformations de la martensite revenue dans les aciers faiblement alliés." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0570/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to optimise the strength of a tempered martensitic medium C steel, containing low-level of Cr, V and Si/Al. A series of high purity "model" ternary alloys (Fe-C–X, X=Cr, V, Si, Al) was prepared (EMSE) by the cold crucible method. The initial structures of quenched alloys were optimised through appropriate austenitizing conditions. Analysis of alloys behaviour on tempering was performed through carbide precipitation characterisation (X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM), completed by hardness and dilatometric measurements. The behaviour of "model" alloys was compared to that of the industrial material.Vanadium addition is responsible for two effects: (i) vanadium carbides lock the grain growth during the austenitizing; (ii) dissolved vanadium promotes the precipitation of (V,Cr)3C, that is at the origin of a secondary hardening peak near 550°C. Silicon addition has an interesting effect, as it stabilises the martensitic matrix and increases the temperature of cementite precipitation. Therefore, a high value of hardness is conserved up to high tempering temperatures.Unfortunately, because of some noxious properties, the industrial process in concern excludes the presence of Si. That’s why two new model alloys have been prepared and tested, in which the silicon addition (i) was absent, or (ii) replaced by Al.Aluminium has been shown to be "neuter" vs tempering behaviour. Moreover, the interesting effect of secondary hardening (550°C) has been observed in both Si-free steels, showing that alloying with only Cr and V can be enough to get the expected behaviour of the studied steel
Giordana, Séverine. "Corrosion d'aciers faiblement alliés au silicium en solution aqueuse à 90°C : action inhibitrice des silicates." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066157.
Full textDajoux, Malard Emilie. "Corrosion des aciers faiblement alliés en eau de mer naturelle : influence des éléments d'alliage et des bactéries." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2047.
Full textMetallic infrastructures immersed in natural seawater are exposed to important corrosion phenomena, sometimes characterised as microbiologically influenced corrosion. The presence of alloying elements in low alloy steels could present a corrosion resistance improvement of the structures. In this context, tests are performed with commercial steel grades, from 0,05wt% Cr to 11,5wt% Cr. They consist in “on site” immersion in natural seawater on the one hand, and in laboratory tests with immersion in media enriched with marine sulphide-producing bacteria on the other hand. Gravimetric, microbiological, electrochemical measurements and corrosion product analyses are carried out and show that corrosion phenomenon is composed of several stages. A preliminary step is the reduction of the corrosion kinetics and is correlated with the presence of sessile sulphide-producing bacteria and an important formation of sulphur-containing species. This phase is shorter when the alloying element content of the steel increases. This phase is probably followed by an increase of corrosion, appearing clearly after an 8-month immersion in natural seawater for some of the grade steels. Chromium and molybdenum show at the same time a beneficial influence to generalised corrosion resistance and a toxic effect on sulphide-producing bacteria. This multidisciplinary study reflects the complexity of the interactions between bacteria and steels ; sulphide-producing bacteria seem to be involved in corrosion processes in natural seawater and complementary studies would have to clarify occurring mechanisms
David, Isabelle. "Mécanismes contrôlant les évolutions structurales dans des aciers faiblement alliés au Nickel-Chrome-Molybdène : analyse détaillée de la transformation bainitique et influence de l'addition silicium au cours du revenu." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112434.
Full textGarcin, Thomas. "Effets thermodynamiques et cinétiques d'un champ magnétique statique sur les transformations de phases dans les aciers faiblement alliés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10298.
Full textThis work is devoted to the quantification of the magnetic field effect on phase transformations in iron based alloys and steels. Pure iron, Fe-xNi substitutional alloys, Fe-xC-Mn steels and Fe-C-Mn-xSi steels are used to explore a wide range of transformations and microstructures. A high temperature dilatometer and a magnetic balance for magnetic susceptibility measurements are used for the in situ characterisation of diffusional phase transformation in magnetic field up to 16T. A third device has been developed for the treatment ofmaterials in magnetic field and includes, for the first time, a quenching step using water, oil or pulsed gas. Non-equilibrium transformation temperatures measured up to 16T in a large set of materials are found to be increased by the application of a magnetic field. Ln a similar approach as the model used to estimate the effect ofhydrostatic pressure on the phase equilibrium, the shift induced by the magnetic field is calculated. Microstructure characterisation of rapidly cooled plain carbon steels has shown large structural modifications in induced by the magnetic field. From a mixture of bainite and martensite in the sample treated without any magnetic field, the austenite transforms into allotriomorphic ferrite ami Widmanstatten ferrite in a matrix ofbainite and martensite in the presence of magnetic field. This work brings solid evidence that magnetic field can be used as a new degree of freedom in physical metallurgy. Combined with existing techniques, it could lead to the successful processing of improved materials
Libert, Maximilien. "Influence des mécanismes de plasticité sur la transition ductile fragile des aciers faiblement alliés. Etude de l'irradiation sur le comportement." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270833.
Full textLes modèles d'approche locale de la rupture par clivage constituent l'un des principaux outils de prédiction de la ténacité des aciers faiblement alliés. La dispersion des contraintes à rupture est interprétée comme un effet de la distribution des défauts dans la microstructure, mais l'effet des hétérogénéités mécaniques n'est pas pris en compte. Or, en dessous d'une température de transition de comportement Ta (de l'ordre de 25°C), les mécanismes de déformation sont grandement affectés par la température et la vitesse de déformation.
Notre approche consiste à prendre en compte l'effet des hétérogénéités de contraintes dans un critère local d'amorçage du clivage. Les résultats de calculs de microstructure sont utilisés pour proposer une description statistique de l'évolution des distributions de contraintes locales. Cette approche statistique permet de proposer un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture dépendant à la fois des hétérogénéités mécaniques et des distributions de tailles de défauts.
Le comportement du matériau et son évolution sont caractérisés aux échelles microscopique et macroscopique dans le domaine de température [25°C,-196°C]. Des essais de traction simple, de sauts de vitesse et de température, et de ténacité sont réalisés.
Nous proposons un modèle de comportement micromécanique décrivant le comportement plastique en dessous de la température de transition Ta. La loi de comportement est basée sur les mécanismes de déformation décrits dans la bibliographie et identifiées par méthode inverse à partir des essais mécaniques. Les observations au MET et la caractérisation du comportement activé thermiquement permettent de fixer plusieurs paramètres du modèle.
Des simulations sont réalisées afin de modéliser les distributions de contrainte principale Σ1 dans deux microstructures bainitiques correspondant au volume élémentaire de l'approche locale de la rupture. L'effet de la température et de la triaxialité sur l'évolution des hétérogénéités est caractérisé. Nous proposons une fonction de distribution décrivant la distribution des valeurs locales de Σ en fonction des contraintes principales et équivalente <Σ> et <Σmises> moyennes dans la microstructure.
Cette fonction est utilisée pour formuler un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture intégrant la distribution des tailles de défauts critiques et les distributions de Σ1.. On montre que dans certains cas, la dispersion des contraintes locales suffit à expliquer les dispersions des contraintes à rupture à l'échelle du volume élémentaire. Les dispersions de contraintes à rupture sont en accord avec celles prédites par le modèle de Beremin. La prise en compte des hétérogénéités mécaniques permet d'introduire une dépendance de la probabilité de rupture en fonction de la température, de la déformation et de la triaxialité. Il reste à appliquer le modèle d'approche locale au calcul d'éprouvettes CT et de comparer les dispersions de ténacités simulées à celles mesurées expérimentalement.
Blaineau, Pierre. "Restitution de la microtexture parente à partir de la microtexture héritée mesurée par EBSD : une application aux aciers faiblement alliés." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ042S.
Full textThe metallurgical state of the austenite before the last cooling (grain size, texture, strain hardening ...) cannot be directly characterized because the austenite transforms during the last cooling. However, it influences remarkably the in use properties of steels. This thesis proposes an indirect automatic method to restore the austenitic microtexture from the microtexture of the inherited phases (martensite, bainite) at low temperature, measured by EBSD. This method requires three prerequisites: 1) the presence of an orientation relationship between the parent austenite and the transformation product, 2) the inherited phase has to be formed in the grain with which it is related and 3) there is a sufficient number of variants. Its validation has been performed both on numerical examples and for low alloyed steels. The restitution of austenitic grain boundaries is efficient but sensitive to variants in orientation relationship with several adjacent parent grains. These ambiguous situations are mainly generated by the presence of twins in austenite grains or by selection of variants at the austenitic grain boundaries. In this case, it is possible to improve the quality of the restitution of the parent contours (especially the twins boundaries) by taking into account topological information. These restitution methods consequently allow to identify twins or variant selection at grain boundaries and thus to better analyze local texture inheritance mechanisms. Therefore, the developed methods can be generalized to other phase transformations