Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acier réfractaire'
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Lelogeais, Marc. "Dépot chimique en phase vapeur assisté, plasma de revêtements Si-C sur acier : évaluation de l'adhérence." Perpignan, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PERP0104.
Full textGambier, David. "Comportement des aciers réfractaires ferritiques dans les gaz de combustion, notamment d'incinérateurs de déchets." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1086.
Full textColot, Daniel. "Corrosion à chaud d'aciers réfractaires : application aux chaudières à charbon pulvérisé." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD111.
Full textLemoine, François. "Réalisation de revêtements en alliage réfractaire sur alliage métallique à l'aide de lasers : Modélisation statistique et analytique de la section des cordons obtenus." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDL0014.
Full textArif, Rabiae. "Etude mécanique et métallurgique du perçage d’une nuance d’acier inoxydable austénitique réfractaire." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE013.
Full textIn the case of the turbocharger housings machining (milling, drilling and tapping operations) made of heatresistant austenitic stainless steel (HRASS), the tools life is greatly altered compared to standard steels ofequivalent mechanical resistance. Therefore, the machining cost of such pieces, including the cutting tools,constitutes a significant amount of their total cost. Concerning the drilling, the severity of the machining isincreased and even more since it relies on stepped, complex and expensive one-piece tools.This PhD project aims to develop a new cutting geometry optimized for the HRASS drilling. In thisperspective, a characterization of the cutting tool is carried out based on one hand on the local cutting forcesanalysis from a global cutting forces discretization during the drill tip penetration, and also on the initial chipformation. Then, an in-situ analysis of the cumulative strain hardening of the machined subsurface layer is alsocarried out using an identification of the incremental equivalent plastic strain. All the performed analysescontribute to the understanding of the strain hardening/machinability relationship for the tool life improvementof the HRASS dedicated drills
Martinier, Alexandre. "L’étude de la durée de vie des aciers réfractaires pour les moules de formage superplastique : essais et simulations." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1447.
Full textSuperplastic forming is an innovative material forming process, making profitable the alloy superplastic properties. The companies, mainly in aeronautical industry, knowing this technological advantage are already end-users. However an extreme forming environment is imposed on the casted heat-resistant Ni-Cr-Fe steel tooling, generating very high thermomechanical stresses and causing their premature damage. The main objective of this work is to study the high temperature behaviour and the life-time of heat-resistant steel superplastic forming moulds. In this frame, work aims at introducing computer simulation tools in order to assist the design and the dimensioning of the moulds. A bibliographic study on the operational conditions and a state of the art on high temperature properties of heat-resistant steels were performed. A cyclic fatigue test campaign at high temperature (25°C-950°C) was performed to identify, on the one hand, a cyclic elasto-visco-plastic constitutive model, and on the other hand to propose a methodology for life-time prediction. To this extend, a strain formulated creep damage model was modified in order to take into account the effects of fatigue-relaxation at high temperature, by introducing a frequency effect. In parallel, the microstructural investigations at different observation scales have shown a heterogeneous mechanical behaviour of material at the grain scale. All these results were used in a validation stage that compares high temperature fatigue tests on notched samples with the finite element simulations
Radu, Mihai. "Relations entre la microstructure et le comportement mécanique des aciers TRIP pour application automobile." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159425.
Full textEssoum, Hamida. "Oxydation à haute température des alliages Fe-Cr-Al : influence de l'humidité et rôle des précipités." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD876.
Full textLe, Coq Xavier. "Étude physico-chimique de matériaux réfractaires de type dolomie-carbone, leur oxydation par les GAZ et leur corrosion par un laitier de désulfuration." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10335.
Full textArfan, Eléonore. "Tenue thermomécanique des dalles d'impact des poches à acier en céramiques réfractaires." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661179.
Full textArfan, Éléonore. "Tenue thermomécanique des dalles d'impact des poches à acier en céramiques réfractaires." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661179.
Full textThe impact pad is a reinforced zone of the refractory lining of the bottom part of the steel ladle designed to resist against thermo-mechanical loads due to the liquid steel impact during filling. Results of an inquiry performed on a steel plant are first presented. Degradations observed on different kinds of impact pad materials have been indentified and the influence of process parameters on their life span has been evaluated. Mechanical experiments (compression tests and three-point bend tests) have been performed up to 1500°C on different alumina-magnesia refractories. They allow for the characterization of the thermomechanical behaviour and the strains due to phase-transformations at high temperatures. A thermo-elasto-viscoplastic model taking into account the phasetransformations is proposed. The last part deals with numerical simulations carried out with ABAQUS and FLUENT softwares. These computations aim at describing the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the impact pad during the steel making process, and more precisely during the impact of the liquid steel. Combined with micro-structural observations and refining process data, these simulations enabled us to figure out how the different types of loads might be responsible for the degradations observed on worn impact pads
El, Alaoui Sidi Mohammed. "Elaboration et étude des revêtements réfractaires sur un acier inoxydable austenitique Fe-Ni-Cr." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30095.
Full textThe rise in temperature of operation of the heat engines and in particular of the engines (combustion chambers, aeronautical turbines of engines. . . ) makes it possible to increase their output for energy saving. The major problem of operation at high temperature is that of the behaviour to oxidation of metals and alloys. The use of thermal refractory material barrier and diffusion barriers made up makes it possible to mitigate this problem. The effectiveness of these barriers depends on their formulation which is related to their conditions of manufacture. This work falls under the development of ceramic coatings (alumina) worked out by soft chemicals to protect the refractory stainless steels and super alloys against oxidation at very high temperature. These coatings are obtained by chemical way, on a substrate functionalized beforehand by a treatment of conversion. The results presented relate to an alumina coating on austenitic stainless steel substrate. A first stage consisted in optimizing the treatment of conversion and in particular the formulation of the bath to functionalize the substrate. The layers of conversion obtained are nanostructurées and present a character fractal. In a second stage, the use of the Experimental design methodology (M. R. E), us made it possible to optimize the properties of the alumina deposit; it is about a deposit induced by electrolysis and particularly member. Two significant parameters were studied: the time and density of current. These deposits characterized by spectroscopie of mass of the secondary ions (SIMS) and Diffraction of the X-ray reveal gradients of concentration in radiant what explains good resistance to chipping. The tests thermogravimetric showed a very significant improvement of the behaviour to oxidation at high temperature of steel
Sawan, Khaled. "Optimisation d'un outillage acier rechargé en superalliage pour forge à chaud." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0039.
Full textHernandez, Jean-François. "Comportement thermomécanique des bétons réfractaires et des revêtements monolithiques des poches a acier : influence de la déshydratation." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066519.
Full textDuchosal, Arnaud. "Réparation par soudage multipasse d'aciers réfractaires moulés : utilisation de la simulation numérique pour prédire les risques de fissuration." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20080.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the prediction of the appearance of cracks when weld repairing by coated electrode cast refractory austenitic steels. A modelling of the thermal and mechanical behaviour, as well as thermal loading of the welding material, is proposed and thermal simulation is validated thanks to confrontation with the instrumented test results. The experimental study of the cracking of a heat-resisting cast steel showed that the cracks were created and propagated mainly in the carbide network, present in the interdendritic zones which present a fragile character, in a matrix with ductile behaviour. Macroscopic criteria are proposed so as to locate a critical zone, after a complete operation of recharging. In parallel, a "cell", representing a typical microstructure element of the material is modelled. The thermomechanical history of the critical zone, identified using macroscopic criteria, is applied in the representative cell so as to determine starting from which number of master keys the stain in the cell reaches a threshold value, given by an in situ tensile test. A confrontation with the experiment makes it possible to note that simulation predicts the early appearance of cracks
Garcia, Magali. "Etude de l'évolution microstructurale et dimensionnelle d'alliages réfractaires soumis à un traitement thermomécanique." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2288.
Full textBen, Salah Nihad. "Évolution microstructurale d’un superalliage base cobalt et d’un acier 15Cr-15Co au cours de cyclages thermiques." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPE075.
Full textMicrostructural evolution after thermal fatigue and shock of two as cast alloys has been investigated. The alloys are an iron base alloy (15% Cr, 15% Co, 0,1% C), 4285 steel ; and a cobalt base superalloy (27% Cr, 5,5% Co, 0,25% C), grade 21, which have been joined to a steel workpiece by the plasma semi-transferred arc process. Enhancement of stacking fault density, the gamma (face centered cubic)-epsilon (hexagonal close packed) transformation and associated precipitation are responsible of the fracture in interdentritic spacing’s of the grade 21. This alloy shows a high stability during thermal fatigue cycling. Softening of the 4285 steel after thermal fatigue is associated with the reversed austenite formation, precipitation at the interdentritic austenite / delta ferrite interface and the transformation of an amount of retained austenite in epsilon hexagonal close packed phase. Fundamentally, two main points have been developed : a new mechanism of the gamma face centered cubic phase to the epsilon hexagonal close packed transformation has been proposed, involving a cellular reaction, to explain deviation from the systematic crystallographic relationship ; it has been shown that a diffusionnal process of reversed austenite formation at temperatures lower than the austenite starting point occurs
Séguy, Olivier. "Mise en forme à froid de soupapes en acier inoxydable austénitique ou en superalliage base fer." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259312.
Full textMouelle, Loïc. "Caractérisation et modélisation d’assemblages de tôles en acier inoxydable austénitique brasées et soudées pour des applications d’échangeurs de chaleur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0068.
Full textThe aim of the study relies on an industrial context, in which, high pressure Plate Fin Heat Exchangers (PFHE) made of austenitic stainless steel 316L, are brazed with Ni-Cr-Fe-Si (BNi-5) alloy, then followed by dissimilar multipass TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding process with nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625, used as filler metal. Due to their heterogeneous microstructure and chemical composition, fractures of brazed joints may appear during the welding of brazed assembly. Firstly, microstructural and chemical characterizations are made at the bonding interface between base metal, brazed joints and weld beads, to understand the fracture phenomena. Results show that a brazing cycle promoting the formation of γ-Ni single phase brazed joints, allows avoiding the fracture of brazed joints during welding. However, intergranular Si may involve the formation of hot cracks in brazed joints located in HAZ. The study of GOS (Grain Orientation Spread) through EBSD measurements, allows quantifying the magnitude and spatial distribution of plastic deformation in the HAZ after welding. A welding energy under 1100 J/mm limits the plastic deformation of brazed assemblies. Nanoindentation and tensile tests are also carried out at room temperature to determine the mechanical properties of brazed assembly. The results of tensile tests show that fracture occurs in the 316L, when brazed joints are formed by a γ-Ni single phase. Secondly, an original thermodynamically consistent modeling approach, dedicated to welding applications, is presented to describe the phenomenon of hardening recovery in metals during annealing heat treatment. The constitutive equations are based on a classical thermo-elasto-plastic formulation which is enhanced by a new recovery variable counterbalancing the effect of the hardening through a temperature-dependent evolution law. The model is implemented into the FE solver ABAQUS/Standard with the help of a User Material subroutine (UMAT). The identification of the model parameters is achieved through experimental compressive tests and heat treatments on 316L austenitic stainless steel. In addition, to evaluate the capabilities of the model, residual stress measurements are carried out on a welded plate and compared to values computed by numerical simulation. The obtained values match the experimental measurements. Finally, three-dimensional simulations of multipass welding are realized to estimate the stress and deformation fields during TIG welding process of a heat exchanger. The maximum stress in HAZ may reach 600 MPa during the cooling of the first welding pass. Thus, the results of numerical simulation are in agreements with the experimental observations, indicating that in case of fracture of brazed joints during welding, the fracture occurs from the cooling of the first passes
Rocancourt, Norman. "Etude de solutions innovantes de dépôts de superalliages et traitements de surface pour augmenter la résistance à l'usure et le comportement des moules métalliques de verrerie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0014.
Full textGlass moulds have to withstand very high temperatures which can far exceed 650 °C during the glass forming process. They are exposed to very tough conditions such as abrasive wear and physico-chemical reactions, accentuated by thermal shocks due to high speed contact with hot glass melt. The aim of this work is to find innovative solutions for superalloy coating or surface treatments in order to increase the service life of glass tools. Three innovation projects are presented in this report. The first one is dedicated to PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) welded coating of composite Co/NiB powder on copper alloy moulds. The second one is about technical feasibility of a multilayer PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating with properties congruent to glass production in term of hardness and thermal stability, on AISI 431 plunger stainless steel. Last but not least, the third innovative project is about nitriding by ion implantation with multicharged nitrogen ions on AISI 431 stainless steel. We notice after ion implantation a significant hardness increase (+ 240 %). A multi-experimental and multi-scale approach was carried out in order to study the implanted material microstructure and its evolution after annealing at 650 °C during 1h to predict the material behavior during production and correlate it to hardness properties
Rocancourt, Norman. "Etude de solutions innovantes de dépôts de superalliages et traitements de surface pour augmenter la résistance à l'usure et le comportement des moules métalliques de verrerie." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0014.
Full textGlass moulds have to withstand very high temperatures which can far exceed 650 °C during the glass forming process. They are exposed to very tough conditions such as abrasive wear and physico-chemical reactions, accentuated by thermal shocks due to high speed contact with hot glass melt. The aim of this work is to find innovative solutions for superalloy coating or surface treatments in order to increase the service life of glass tools. Three innovation projects are presented in this report. The first one is dedicated to PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) welded coating of composite Co/NiB powder on copper alloy moulds. The second one is about technical feasibility of a multilayer PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating with properties congruent to glass production in term of hardness and thermal stability, on AISI 431 plunger stainless steel. Last but not least, the third innovative project is about nitriding by ion implantation with multicharged nitrogen ions on AISI 431 stainless steel. We notice after ion implantation a significant hardness increase (+ 240 %). A multi-experimental and multi-scale approach was carried out in order to study the implanted material microstructure and its evolution after annealing at 650 °C during 1h to predict the material behavior during production and correlate it to hardness properties
Hugo, Mathilde. "Contribution à la modélisation du procédé de refusion sous laitier éléctroconducteur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0091.
Full textThe ElectroSlag Remelting process (ESR) is widely used to produce high added value alloys for critical applications (aerospace industry, nuclear plants, etc.). Trial-and-error based approaches being expensive, numerical simulation is fundamental to improve the knowledge and the understanding of this complex process. The Institut Jean Lamour has been developing for several years a numerical code to simulate the melting of a consumable electrode, supposedly perfectly cylindrical, within a mold assumed to be perfectly electrically insulated from the electrode-slag-ingot system. Based on these assumptions, the 2-D axisymmetrical transient-state numerical model accounts for electromagnetic phenomena and coupled heat and momentum transfers, to simulate the continuous growth of the electroslag remelted ingot and the solidification of the metal and slag. Recent studies on the ESR process are challenging the insulated mold hypothesis. Therefore, the main objective of the thesis is to acknowledge and study the existence of a mold current during an ESR remelting. A first model has been set-up, aimed to simulate the electromagnetic phenomena in the whole system for a simplified geometry. The possibility of the existence of such a mold current was confirmed. Based on this work, a fully-coupled model has then been developed and the results have been compared with experimental data to check the validity of the modifications. The influence of slag properties and operating parameters on the final quality of the ingot has been tested