Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acier inoxydable – Surfaces – Texture'
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Dourgaparsad, Kevin. "Superhydrophobic bio-inspired microarchitectured stainless steel surfaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR009.pdf.
Full textSuperhydrophobic surfaces have low water wetting due to their chemical nature and/or surface state structured at multiple scales (micro and nano). Additive manufacturing (AM) processes using stainless steel are expensive due to the cost of stainless steel powder. Additionally, the precision of these technologies rarely goes below 200 μm. The presented work combines two technologies, namely polymer 3D printing and vacuum casting (lost-wax casting), to create various bio-inspired microtextured surfaces in 316L stainless steel from stainless steel waste. Casting micrometric details in stainless steel foundry is a technical challenge due to high surface tension, high dynamic viscosity, and high working temperature (1600°C). Various bioinspired microtextured surfaces (fish scales, drops, honeycomb, etc.) have been successfully manufactured. A nanoscale coating was then applied through atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization to nanotexture the surface, leading to an ultrahydrophobic behavior. Finally, various potential applications for these surfaces, such as anti-fouling, anti-icing, or impregnation with vegetable oil for the development of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), are explored and discussed
Stinville, Jean-Charles. "Evolution des microstructures et textures locales par nitruration plasma de l'acier 316L : répercussion sur sa durabilité en fatigue." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491846.
Full textKozlova, Olga. "Brasage réactif Cu/acier inoxydable et Cu/alumine." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0072.
Full textIn this work we study the physico-chemical and mechanical aspects of the copper/stainless steel and copper/alumina brazed joints. In the physico-chemical part we study the wettability, the reactivity at the interfaces and the microstructure of the brazed joints. The mechanical part relates to the copper/alumina joints obtained by reactive brazing and includes tensile tests and shaft loaded blister tests. From the results we propose optimal solutions of assemblies in term of temperature, brazing time and composition of the braze
Mercier, Virginie. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés acido-basiques et d'adhésion de surfaces d'aciers inoxydables." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0159.
Full textKomla, Adéchion. "Etude de la texture de couches à propriétés optiques et catalytiques spécifiques obtenues à partir d'aciers inoxydables." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30277.
Full textChassignole, Bertrand. "Influence de la structure métallurgique des soudures en acier inoxydable austénitique sur le contrôle non destructif par ultrasons." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0107/these.pdf.
Full textThe anisotropic and heterogeneous features of the solidification structure of austenitic stainless steel welds disturb the ultrasonic non destructive testing. The aim is to show the purpose of numeric modelling, coupled to a convenient weld description model, to study the perturbations of the ultrasonic beam. Because of the dependence of the welding process and position on the structure, several mockups are studied, including welds from the primary circuit of PWR nuclear power stations. Several methods of characterization (metallographic observations, RX diffraction, EBSD) show long shape solidification grains and a texture with a <100> growing direction. An orthotropic elastic symmetry is revealed which properties (elastic constants and symmetry axes) are identified by measurements of ultrasonic velocities. These results, completed by image processing on metallographic cuts, allow considering welds as a set of elastic homogeneous domains with regards to ultrasonic propagation. The propagation through these domains has been simulated with ULTSON, a 2D finite element code, and CHAMP-SONS, a 3D semi-analytical code. Experimental studies in transmission and echography modes for pressure and shear waves, allow to quantify the perturbations of the ultrasonic beam (skewing, splitting and attenuation). The different modelling studies validate the weld description model and show the interest of this modeling to forecast skewing and explain the origin of the different echoes. The codes' sensitivity to input data is discussed. Finally, measurements of the attenuation coefficient, which depends on the elastic properties, are realized in order to introduce subsequently this parameter in modelling codes
Fort, Pascal. "Analyse du traitement de surface d'un acier inoxydable ferritique en vue d'applications solaires." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30073.
Full textFricout, Gabriel Yrieix. "Propriétés morphologiques et optiques des surfaces rugueuses." Paris, ENMP, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001102.
Full textIn this PhD, we have focused our interest on studying general aspect of rough surfaces and particularly steel surfaces, that can be coated and designed for any kind of applications. In the following, the words surface aspect have to be understood as general texture characteristics without taking into account local defects. The control of such an aspect during production process is performed by regular sampling of the product and visual comparison with a reference data set. This method does not only forbid a continuous quality control of surface aspect, but also introduces a very subjective part in surfaces appearance evaluation. Firstly, we develop a set of morphological features (based on surface segmentation, tortuosity map, granulometry. . . ) as well as statistical features (covariance curve, slopes histogram. . . ), that leads us to surface characterization. The question of features stability is then considered by means of features variance when a large surface is characterized several times using independent observation windows. Some geostatistical tools enable us to address this problem in some particular cases and bootstrap over-sampling is also introduced with special care to statistical dependence between variables. A statistical method based on different steps of factorial analysis is then introduced in order to chose a representation space that is well suited for bayesian classification. This very generic methodology for analyzing surface texture is then applied to a real problem. We study the automatic classification of surfaces with "orangepeel" aspect according to the quality of their appearance. Once successful experiments were performed in laboratory using interferometric microscopy, we design a vision system based on a collimated source and a matricial camera, so that an automatic and systematic quality control of surface aspect can be set up on production line. In order to improve our classifier performance, the possibility of using flooding trees for texture characterization is considered and we develop an algorithm to divide a flooding tree into subtrees so that bootstrap techniques become usable with such a particular data structure. Finally, the optical behavior of surfaces is modeled by the way of ray casting in order to simulate the image obtained by a camera under specific lighting conditions. Reciprocally, we propose an algorithm to compute a surface topography if only a single camera image is known. All these points join a recent dynamic coming from steel industry in general and Arcelor group in particular, that should lead to a better understanding of esthetic for surfaces, the final aim being the prediction and anticipation of consumer’s desires in this particular field. Considering this, our tools open perspectives for defining the "ideal surface" for a given application
Badin, Valentin. "Création de surfaces poreuses sur des aciers inoxydables par réduction d’oxydes sous H2 à haute température." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM009/document.
Full textA process for pore creation on the surface of two stainless steels, respectively austenitic and ferritic, has been investigated. That process follows two steps. An oxide scale with controlled thickness and composition is firstly generated by water vapour exposition at 1100 °C. That layer is subsequently reduced at high temperature by dihydrogen. The present work aims to better understand the mechanisms of pore formation and the influence of various reaction parameters on both oxidation and reduction course.A comprehensive characterisation of the oxide layers has been first performed. The main parameter is the alloy structure, austenitic or ferritic. The porous surfaces have been thereafter studied to establish step by step the formation mechanisms involved.It was demonstrated that the non-stoichiometry of iron oxides formerly developed on the austenitic steel is behind the pore growth mechanism on that steel.A new kind of porosity could be obtained through the preliminary building of chromium-rich oxide scales on the ferritic steel. The morphologies are in that case completely different as well as the pore formation mechanism. A specific process for the pore growth has been proposed
Garrain, Pierre-Alain. "Etude ab initio de l'adsorption d'acides aminés et peptide sur surfaces modèles d'acier inoxydable." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722645.
Full textTouzin, Maryse. "Évaluation de la stabilité d'une couche mince de simili-téflon déposée par plasma sur un substrat d'acier inoxydable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26178/26178.pdf.
Full textMetallic stents are mainly made of 316L stainless steel. Even though this material possesses the required mechanical properties needed in a stent, its long-term safety is still controversial. Indeed, in the aggressive biological environment, this material is prone to localized corrosion attack and possible corrosion products include elements classified as carcinogenic. To improve the long-term safety of the 316L stainless steel stents, a multi-step process was previously developed in our laboratory to isolate the stainless steel surface from the body fluid by depositing an ultra-thin plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon coating. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of the ultra-thin film, a series of tests was performed. In this context, the aim of this project is to develop and realize tests allowing the evaluation of both the stability and the efficiency of the coating. Firstly, to evaluate the stability, static immersion tests were performed in different solutions. Aged and non-aged surfaces were then characterized and compared by using different surface analyses methods. Secondly, the effectiveness of the ultra-thin film against general and localized corrosion was verified using accelerated corrosion tests; i.e. cyclic polarization tests and Tafel plot corrosion measurements. In this case, different surface conditions were tested and the results were compared to see if the coating was efficient on flat substrate and under a plastic deformation, to which it will be submitted when put in the human body. Even though part of this study has shown that the ultra-thin film was unstable in an aqueous environment, another part has shown that combined pre-treatment and ultra-thin film increased the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Furthermore, an appropriate protocol to evaluate those properties has been developed and will be most useful to evaluate future coatings deposited under different conditions.
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Tarrade, Jeanne. "Conception de surfaces superhydrophobes anti-bioadhésives." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4040.
Full textBacterial surface contamination is a natural and spontaneous process involved in serious infections. Currently, biocidal materials are used to avoid the biocontamination. However, these methods are not sufficient because of their toxicity, their loss of efficiency over time and mainly because they can make the bacteria more resistant.The biofilm formation involving the bacterial adhesion on surfaces, new strategies have been developed with the conception of surfaces reducing their interactions with bacteria, such as superhydrophobic surfaces. In fact, bacterial adhesion could be reduced by the presence of an air layer between superhydrophobic surface and bacteria. In this project, two substrates have been made superhydrophobic: 316 stainless steel by electrodeposition of hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon polymers, derived from poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene), and PET by successive plasma treatments of oxygen, polypyrrole and CF4. The control of experimental parameters led to different water repellency and surface morphologies, and allows the study of the effect of these physico-chemical properties on the bioadhesion and the biofilm formation with three bacteria: P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Thus, it has been shown the important role of fluorinated chains and controlled surface structures to reduce the surface biocontamination
Kempf, Didier. "Caractérisation mécanique des surfaces et interfaces aux échelles micrométrique et nanométrique : étude des processus d’oxydation et de piqûration." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS061.
Full textTo predict the service time of metallic alloys, a multi-disciplinary approach is essential. The roles of mechanical, physical and chemical parameters on pit initiation will be studied. The aim of this present work is to develop new mechanical methodologies at the microscopic scale to quantify the strain gradients and the mechanical properties of the alloy surfaces. These specific methodologies will be applied to the study of the influence of the microstructure and the mechanics in the oxidation and pit initiation process. First, strain gradients induced by a mechanical solicitation will be quantified at the microscopic scale using the grating method (with metallic dots of 70 nm in diameter). A study on the influence of the heterogeneous strain fields and microstructure on pit initiation is proposed. Second, the influence of microstructure and strain mapping on the oxidation process of duplex stainless steel at the microscopic scale was studied. Grating method with non-metallic dots was used to map the heterogeneous strain field at the interface between the substrate and the thermal-oxide film. Local Auger spectroscopy was used to determine the thickness and the compositions of oxide films. At last, nano-indentation tests have been done to identify the behaviour laws of the duplex stainless steel at the grain scale. Many tests have been done with different indenter geometries in order to apply the analytical models available in the literature. The elasto-plastic parameters have been determined coupling the nano-indentation test with X-ray diffraction and finite element simulation of the nano-indentation test. Then, the grain rheologies founded have been inserted in a predictive finite element model of the duplex stainless steel behavior
Debrune-Metzger, Anne-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de biocorrosion dans les assemblages soudés en acier inoxydable austénitique." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD400.
Full textMineur, Marie. "Conditions locales d'amorçage des fissures de fatigue dans un acier inoxydable de type 316L : aspects cristallographiques (EBSD)." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2266.
Full textRobbe-Valloire, François. "Influence des teneurs en carbone et azote sur le cordage et l'aptitude à l'emboutissage d'aciers inoxydables Fe-17% Cr stabilisés au titane." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112514.
Full textPierre-Alain, Garrain. "Etude ab initio de l'adsorption d'acides aminés et peptide sur surfaces modèles d'acier inoxydable." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00727391.
Full textLoable, Carole. "Différentes approches d’ingénierie de surface pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI098/document.
Full textAISI 316L stainless steel is commonly used as biomaterial because of its desirable properties such as high corrosion resistance. They have, however, the problem of releasing metal ions upon corrosion that may cause allergies to both humans and animals. In addition, implant failures have been reported due to their limited resistance to localised corrosion. There is thus a need to find ways to improve their corrosion resistance. This thesis aims to evaluate different approaches intending to improve the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications using two strategies: (1) modification of the bulk composition and (2) surface modification.The bulk composition of 316L-type stainless steel was modified by adding nitrogen. Laboratory grades with controlled compositions were tested in chloride conditions at a wide range of pH and in simulated physiological conditions. The combination of Mo and N on the pitting potential was found to be beyond the sum of their individual effects, indicating synergy. The effect, however, was found to be pH-dependent, being largely present in acid to neutral chloride conditions and in physiological solutions, while diminishing in high pH. When tested in physiological conditions, this effect was even more beneficial with ageing. Nitrogen was found to enhance the repassivation of the Mo-containing stainless steel grade, driving the potential for passive film breakdown to higher values.The surface of AISI 316L was coated with Fe-based metallic glasses using laser cladding. The resulting coatings had different results depending on the alloy. The coatings of Fe43.2Co28.8B19.2Si4.8Nb4 and Fe60Cr8Nb8B24 showed a matrix with segregations, particularly of Nb, thereby lowering their corrosion resistance. On the other hand, the Fe48.6Mo13.9Cr15.2C14.4Y1.8B6 coating was found to be amorphous but with lower corrosion resistance than the substrate, due to the presence of defects.Ti and TiN were also coated on AISI 316L wires using a prototype for magnetron sputtering in moving deposition mode. In this study, static and semi-continuous modes of motion were used. Overall, the corrosion resistance of the coatings were lower than the substrate, increasing further with coating thickness. The presence of coating heterogeneity allowed for substrate-electrolyte interaction, driving forward corrosion and delamination with further immersion. Deposits of calcium phosphate were found on the coating surface after 14 days of immersion, indicating the possible favourability of bone material growth
Boulangé-Petermann, Laurence. "Etude physico-chimique et électrochimique de l'adhésion de leuconostoc mesenteroide et streptococcus thermophilus à des surfaces d'acier inoxydable." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10289.
Full textHaïdopoulos, Marie. "Étude expérimentale d'optimisation de procédés de modifications de surface de l'acier inoxydable 316 pour application aux dispositifs endovasculaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22413/22413.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study was to develop various surface modification procedures for 316 stainless steel to improve its long term performances as endovascular stents. The strategy behind this work was divided into two parts: surface pre treatments and surface coatings. Chemical composition, roughness and topography of the metallic surfaces were modified by the surface pre treatments in order to prepare the substrates for the post deposited coatings that would form an impermeable barrier completely isolating the metallic device from body fluids. Surface pre treatments of the metallic surfaces consist of mechanical and electrochemical polishing, ultrasonic cleaning, dipping in alkaline and acidic solutions, and plasma etching. The aim was to obtain a smooth and homogeneous surface of the substrate as well as to remove any fragile interlayer, particularly the metallic oxide and the contamination layers. Characterization of the modified surfaces was performed by X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Optimized surface properties were obtained by combining ultrasonic cleaning, electrochemical polishing, acid dipping and plasma etching. Of the above mentioned methods, emphasis was placed on the electrochemical polishing procedure. Ultra thin fluorocarbon films were deposited on pre treated stainless steel surfaces by radio frequency glow discharge plasma, after modulating plasma deposition parameters in order to promote the polymerization process. Films were then partially hydrogenated, amorphous, highly hydrophobic, smooth and pinhole free. Depositions under optimal polymerization conditions were also performed on as received substrates and lead to the formation of partially hydrogenated, porous fluorocarbon coatings that consisted of heterogeneously distributed nanospherical particles. Thus, pre treatments prior to deposition were essential, demonstrated by their strong influence on the morphology of the plasma polymer films. Finally, plasma polymer films were validated with respect to impermeability in a medium reproducing the physiological conditions in the coronary arteries.
Gardin, Elise. "Etude des interactions bactéries-surfaces et des effets sur la passivation des aciers inoxydables." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC009.
Full textStainless steels have a high corrosion resistance thanks to the formation of an oxide layer at their surface, commonly referred to as the passive film, which is a few nanometers thick and composed mainly of Fe(III) and Cr(III) oxides and/or hydroxides. However, in aggressive environments, the stability of the oxide layer can be compromised, which can initiate corrosion phenomena (localized or general). For example, in presence of microorganisms, and more particularly of bacteria, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation at the surface can lead to the initiation and/or the acceleration of corrosion processes: this is referred to as biocorrosion. In this work, we first characterized the oxide layer formed at the surface of 2304 duplex stainless steel by a coupling of fine surface analysis techniques (XPS and ToF-SIMS). We showed differences in the chemical composition of the surface on each phase of the duplex alloy. We then characterized the surface of the duplex alloy during the adhesion of marine aerobic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas NCIMB 2021 in marine medium by a coupling of microscopic characterization techniques (epifluorescence microscopy, SEM and AFM), fine surface analysis techniques (XPS and ToF-SIMS) and electrochemical techniques (open circuit potential monitoring, anodic and cathodic polarization curves). In particular, we showed that biofilm formation is accompanied by modifications of the oxide layer
Caro, Anne-Sophie. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces d'acier inoxydable afin d'inhiber les premières étapes de formation d'un biofilm." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066560.
Full textBléhaut, Hervé. "Influence des contraintes résiduelles sur l'intégrité des surfaces lors de parachèvements mécaniques." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-281.pdf.
Full textGuillemot, Gaëlle. "Compréhension des mécanismes à l'origine de l'adhésion de Saccharomyces cerevisiae sur acier inoxydable : implications pour l'hygiène des surfaces en industrie agroalimentaire." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0027.
Full textIn the food industry, adhesion of food spoilage microorganisms on surfaces can seriously affect food quality and safety. Using a flow cell, a strong adhesion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to stainless steel was observed in the present study. The material specificity was established by comparing adhesion on other “control” surfaces and for a variety of yeasts. This specificity is characterised by a very strong adhesion, i. E. No detachment although an applied wall shear stress of 100 Pa, value ten fold higher than those applied during in place cleaning. This adhesion could not be explained by physico-chemical properties of either yeasts or material. Importance of interactions between metallic surface and proteins of yeast cell wall was then shown. On this basis, the adhesion force was modelled and estimated on every support tested. All those results clearly demonstrated the pertinence of designing innovative stainless steel coatings applied to the prevention of yeast adhesion. Firstly, an hydrolytic enzyme was adsorbed on the stainless steel surface. Consequently, adhesion was totally inhibited due to the proteolytic coating rather than to its catalytic properties. The second surface was realised by a plasma process and is made of silver nanoclusters embedded in a polymerised matrix. Detachment was here observed for a moderate wall shear stress of 20 Pa
Martin, Frantz. "Étude in situ par microscopie à force atomique de la corrosion localisée d'un acier inoxydable 304L." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425409.
Full textCarvalho, Luisa. "Etude de l’interaction laser surface pour le développement de procédé de décontamination de surfaces métalliques avec fissures micrométriques par ablation laser." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS462/document.
Full textThe preparation of future decommissioning of nuclear installations is currently facing economical and sanitary challenges. The metallic-surface decontamination by laser ablation is here studied as an appropriate and efficient technique, which involves ejection of surface contamination by subjecting the surface to high-energy laser pulses followed by subsequent trapping to avoid environmental dispersion. This process has many advantages such as the minimization of secondary waste, no production of effluents and the reduction of the exposition of workers by the automation of the process. Previous studies highlighted the need to optimize the process in order to limit the residual contamination. The identified reasons for this limitation are the contamination penetration into the metal bulk induced by the laser treatment and the entrapment of the radionuclides in surface defects like micro cracks. The aim of this work is the study and the cleaning optimization of metallic surfaces with an oxide layer implemented with a non-radioactive contamination (Eu). Secondly, the cleaning efficiency has been improved in case of damaged surfaces with defects such as cracks. Beyond an experimental study, The ablation of a metallic substrate with a submicrometric oxide layer is currently modeled using a numerical and multiphysics approach in order to determine the mechanism involved during the process
Mavrikakis, Nikolaos. "Effect of nano-segregation of tin on recrystallisation and grain growth in automotive steels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0545.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis investigates the effect of Sn solute segregation on the formation of recrystallisation texture in ferritic alloys. Both electron back-scatter diffraction and atom probe tomography were used to investigate the texture development and the local solute segregation respectively. In-situ electron back-scatter diffraction reveals that the strain heterogeneity in the deformed microstructure is a crucial factor for subsequent annealing, especially in the solute added alloys. Solute was found to have a profound effect on the annealing texture. Mainly, Sn was shown to affect the annealing phenomena via solute-dislocation interaction and grain boundary segregation. Direct observations with atom probe tomography reveal and quantify the levels of segregation at grain boundaries during the development of the recrystallised microstructure. The role of segregation at each stage of recrystallisation is discussed and a strong effect at the recrystallisation nucleation stage is suggested. Atom probe tomography results in combination with atomistic modelling of equilibrium segregation, concluded that the segregation depends on the misorientation. Nonetheless, the solute segregation in high-angle grain boundaries was found to be independent of their geometric characteristics (i.e. general, special grain boundaries). Finally, texture development could be explained in terms of the oriented nucleation theory of recrystallisation, while the presence of some mobile interfaces may subsequently also contribute in the oriented growth of some recrystallised grains
Mavrikakis, Nikolaos. "Effect of nano-segregation of tin on recrystallisation and grain growth in automotive steels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0545.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis investigates the effect of Sn solute segregation on the formation of recrystallisation texture in ferritic alloys. Both electron back-scatter diffraction and atom probe tomography were used to investigate the texture development and the local solute segregation respectively. In-situ electron back-scatter diffraction reveals that the strain heterogeneity in the deformed microstructure is a crucial factor for subsequent annealing, especially in the solute added alloys. Solute was found to have a profound effect on the annealing texture. Mainly, Sn was shown to affect the annealing phenomena via solute-dislocation interaction and grain boundary segregation. Direct observations with atom probe tomography reveal and quantify the levels of segregation at grain boundaries during the development of the recrystallised microstructure. The role of segregation at each stage of recrystallisation is discussed and a strong effect at the recrystallisation nucleation stage is suggested. Atom probe tomography results in combination with atomistic modelling of equilibrium segregation, concluded that the segregation depends on the misorientation. Nonetheless, the solute segregation in high-angle grain boundaries was found to be independent of their geometric characteristics (i.e. general, special grain boundaries). Finally, texture development could be explained in terms of the oriented nucleation theory of recrystallisation, while the presence of some mobile interfaces may subsequently also contribute in the oriented growth of some recrystallised grains
Martin, Frantz. "Etude in situ par microscopie à force atomique de la corrosion localisée d' un acier inoxydable 304L." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425409.
Full textDemilly, Magali. "Cinétique de détachement de microorganismes modèles adsorbés sur des surfaces d'acier inoxydable : effet de la rugosité et de l'orientation cristallographique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00095379.
Full textAhuka, Shamba Ludiha. "Etude statistique de la corrosion localisée par piqûres d'un acier inoxydable austénitique en milieu chlorure de sodium par analyse d'images numérisées." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT005G.
Full textLacome, Isabelle. "Etude statistique par analyse d'images numérisées de la corrosion par piqures d'un acier inoxydable type A. I. S. I. 304 en milieu chlorure." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT040G.
Full textBrochet, Stéphanie. "Compréhension du rôle de la microstructure d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques à grains fins sur le comportement en fatigue." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-187.pdf.
Full textSalazar, Daniel. "Étude du partage de la plasticité cyclique d'un acier duplex par microscopie à force atomique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10004/document.
Full textIn order to increase the understanding of monotonic and cyclic plastic deformation mechanisms in multiphase alloys, an intensive research task has been carried out on a Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS-50%α-50%γ) using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). After monotonic deformation, AFM investigations of the surface reveal that this technique is especially promising for the plasticity studies of DSS. It allows high detailed characterisation of different types of slip lines, depending of their morphology, dimensions and the analysed phase, austenite or ferrite. Concerning the Low Cycle Fatigue behaviour at low strain range, contrary to earlier works, the comparison of the surface topography between two alloys differing by their ferrite hardness (annealed and aged), suggests that the macroscopic cyclic behaviour of the annealed DSS is a consequence of the mutual contribution of the two phases. Performing interrupted fatigue tests at high strain range, High-Rugged (HR) areas were identified in ferritic grains and near the α/γ interfaces. The formation of HR areas is a consequence of the high surface activity (extrusions) in an austenitic neighbour grain, the relative crystallographic “compatibility” between α/γ grains and the phase distribution. In addition, the close interaction between the two phases was still evidenced, this time as a transfer of the plastic activity from austenite to ferrite. It turns out that, taking into account the whole results set obtained in this work, the cyclic plasticity of the duplex stainless steels could be explained like a progressive contribution of the activity in the two phases and their interactions. Therefore, the utilisation of different regimes depending of the deformation levels, supported by the individually activity or passivity of each phase, appears to be a simplified explanation that does not illustrate the real cyclic behaviour of this material
Mondelin, Alexandre. "Modélisation de l'intégrité des surfaces usinées : Application au cas du tournage finition de l'acier inoxydable 15-5PH." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838512.
Full textBadji, Riad. "Influence des traitements thermiques à haute température sur l'évolution de la texture et de la microstructure des soudures d'acier inoxydable duplex 2205." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806333.
Full textHary, Benjamin. "Compréhension et modélisation de l'influence du taux de renforts et de la texture de déformation sur la recristallisation des aciers ODS ferritiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS339/document.
Full textOxide dispersion strengthened steels are considered as cladding materials for Sodium Fast Reactor. Due to the nano-precipitates incorporated within the microstructure, their mechanical properties are very high, especially under creep loading. Moreover, the ferritic-martensitic lattice gives ODS steels a remarkable swelling resistance under radiation. The manufacturing route of ferritic ODS steels is complex and induces a strong morphologic and crystallographic texture. The microstructure needs to be recrystallized but this recrystallization is often heterogeneous and difficult to control. In this framework, this investigation aims at achieving a better understanding of the recrystallization mechanisms in ODS steels that strongly rely both on the nano-oxydes concentration and the applied deformation. Thereby, several model grades with various concentrations of oxydes were elaborated and characterized at different scales (EBSD, SANS, DSC). It appears that the chemical composition of the nano-oxydes strongly influence the microstructure stability and its ability to recover after consolidation. Throughout this study, the strong relationship between the cold-deformation path, the stored energy distribution and the recrystallized microstructure has been highlighted. When the thermo-mechanical treatment is optimal, homogeneous recrystallized microstructures weakly textured can be achieved. Experiments also showed that decreasing the nano-oxydes concentration does not clearly favor recrystallization. Monte Carlo modelling was performed to simulate grain growth and recrystallization in the presence of second phase particles and the simulations helped to identify the mechanisms that occur experimentally. Furthermore, the tensile properties of different metallurgical states were investigated and it came out that the recrystallization notably increases the ductility at high temperature without significantly affecting the yield strength. The results obtained on model materials allowed to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms implied in the recrystallization process of ODS steels. Several possible optimizations to the current manufacturing route are discussed from the conclusions of this study
Peng, Ziling. "Fatigue d’un acier inoxydable austénitique 304L : étude des effets de l’environnement (air/eau primaire rep) à 300°c, de la contrainte moyenne et de l’état de surface." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0005.
Full textThe fatigue life estimation of nuclear components is an important subject for the operation license extension of nuclear power plants. In the current codifications, the influence of several factors (surface finish, mean stress, etc.) is taken into account to estimate the fatigue life. However, the effect of pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water, as well as its interaction with other as-mentioned factors, have not been unambiguously demonstrated.Thus, this work aims to develop further knowledge of the impact of these different parameters on the kinetics and fatigue damage mechanisms of austenitic stainless steel 304L which are widely used for the cooling pipes of the primary circuit in PWR. Three parameters are investigated: the environment (air at 300 ° C/PWR primary water), the mean stress (0 MPa/20MPa/50 MPa), and the surface finish (as-received state/degraded state).Strain amplitude-controlled fatigue tests were carried out. To investigate the kinetics of crack initiation and propagation, two approaches are considered: the establishment of phenomenological macroscopic cracking laws, based on crack depth measurements in until failure fatigue tests and in stopped fatigue tests; the establishment of microscopic laws, based on measurement of the fatigue striation spaces of specimens tested to failure. To understand themodification of the cracking kinetics observed under different conditions, micro cracking mechanisms were discussed, based on the SEM, EBSD and TEM characterization.The fatigue tests reveal a decrease of fatigue life in PWR primary water, independent of the surface finish and the applied mean stress. This is attributed to the acceleration of the initiation phase of crack propagation. Compared to the cracking in air, the cracking in PWR water presents an aspect more "fragile", in terms of plasticity localization and reduction around the crack, as well as a more crystallographic cracking path. Applying a mean stress under a given strain amplitude reduces fatigue life in air, due to accelerated crack initiation and crack propagation. This detrimental effect is related to ductile and rapid cracking in the presence of mean stress. However, in PWR water, the application of the mean stress shows a minor influence on the fatigue crack propagation rate. The reduction of fatigue life due to the presence of mean stress in PWR water is mainly caused by the accelerated crack initiation.The harmful influence of the surface finish on fatigue life is observed, independent of the environment and mean stress. The crack propagation rate in PWR water again shows little sensitivity to the surface finish
Saulou, Claire. "Evaluation des propriétés anti-adhésives et biocides de films nanocomposites avec inclusions d’argent, déposés sur acier inoxydable par procédé plasma." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000315/.
Full textIn the biomedical domain and the food industry, microbial adhesion to surfaces generates multiple negative consequences, in terms of human health, hygiene and safety of processed food. In this context, our approach is based on developing a 316L stainless steel surface treatment, to prevent microbial colonization. The surface modifications, mediated by chemical or physical treatment, did not promote Saccharomyces cerevisiae detachment, evaluated in vitro using a shear stress flow chamber. The interactions between the microbial surface and metallic elements of the passive film were hypothesized to play a predominant role in this strong adhesion. An original and dual strategy, based on a plasma process associating hexamethyldisiloxane polymerization and silver target bombardment in an asymmetrical radiofrequency discharge, was carried out and optimized. Stainless steel surfaces were thus coated with nanocomposite thin films (~ 175 nm), composed of an organosilicon matrix, exhibiting anti-adhesive properties towards S. Cerevisiae, in which were embedded silver nanoparticles, displaying a high antimicrobial reactivity. A large set of complementary analytical techniques, operating at different scales, was used to correlate nanocomposite film characteristics with their anti-adhesive and antimicrobial efficiency. A total inhibition of yeast cell adhesion was achieved, by increasing the matrix polar character, through oxygen addition during the plasma process. In parallel, a 1. 9 log reduction in viable counts was achieved for sessile yeast cells. Further experiments were dedicated to the thorough understanding of cellular changes induced by silver release. A deterioration of the secondary structure of proteins (cell wall, intracellular), combined with ultra-structure alterations, was observed. In addition, the biocide activity of the nanocomposite film was confirmed against two prokaryotic models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The necessity of a direct contact between microorganisms and coating was demonstrated for a maximal antimicrobial efficiency. Lastly, the durability of the coating properties was assessed through a repeated use of the nanocomposite films. A decrease in the antifungal activity, coupled to an anti-adhesive property enhancement, was noticed and explained by the silver release during the first use
Lesage, Thibault. "Grippage des aciers inoxydables : influence de la nature des matériaux, de la microstructure et des traitements thermochimiques de surface." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2486/document.
Full textGalling is a complex phenomenon requiring a multi-scale and multi-physical approach. During this thesis, 6 stainless steel grades (316L, 316LN, Nitronic60, AIS1660, Uranus45N et 17-4PH) are studied, both untreated and after S3P thermochemical heat surface treatment. These materials are tested according to ASTM G98 galling test and resulting samples are then characterized. This characterization is at first realized on the surface (surface morphology evolution, SEM investigations...), then on the bulk material, consisting mainly into a microstructural characterization based on EBSD, XRD and TEM investigations. It results from this thesis a better comprehension of the galling mechanisms in the case of stainless steel. The various effects of material composition, microstructure and material properties in general are also discussed
Hernandez-Duque, Guillermo. "Biocorrosion en milieu synthétique et naturel d'aciers inoxydables à composition modifiée par des éléments poisons." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD199.
Full textYammine, Jina. "Nanoencapsulation of biosourced antimicrobials for a persistent disinfection of food contact surfaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR037.
Full textThe persistence of biofilms remains a worldwide problematic encountered in the agro-food industry. As a result of the adaptive resistance coupled with the physical properties of biofilm matrix, the failure to eradicate totally biofilms using conventional disinfectants urges the need to find alternative effective strategies. The current methodology developed in this work is focused on the use of biosourced essential oil terpenes, namely carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY) that represent powerful antimicrobial tools facing biofilms. Nanoencapsulation of terpenes is an innovative and proactive approach that stabilizes terpenes and enhances their functionalities by protecting them within a carrier shell structure and by ensuring a sustained controlled release. The results of this work reveal a greater activity of nanoencapsulated CAR and THY against Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria innocua biofilms developed on stainless steel (SS) surfaces as compared to the activity of free terpenes. The potent antimicrobial prospects of nanocapsules were highlighted by inducing major obvious structural damages to bacterial cells with subsequent increase in permeability, promoting the leakage of intracellular vital constituents to the outer medium. After confirming the promising antibiofilm activity of monolayer (ML) nanocapsules developed by spray-drying using maltodextrin as carrier material and sodium caseinate as emulsifier, another layer-by-layer (LBL) nanocapsule was developed by adding pectin as an additional interfacial layer. The increased shell structure thickness of the LBL capsules was observed microscopically and confirmed by the increase in size. The release kinetics of terpenes from the ML and LBL capsules fitted into a Korsmeyer-Peppas mathematical model dominated by a Fickian-diffusion mechanism. The diffusion of THY and CAR out of the ML and LBL capsules was ascribed to a biphasic release profile starting with an initial rapid burst release of terpenes, followed by a second phase of steady release from the ML capsules compared to a gradual sustained release over time from the LBL capsules. The antibiofilm activities of encapsulated THY and CAR were consistent with the release curves, highlighting a promising sustained disinfection of food contact surfaces. A successive exposure to ML and LBL capsules ensured a 99.99 % eradication of biofilms with a protection of SS surfaces from recontamination for several hours. The inhibition was induced by the ML nanocapsules that ensured an initial disinfection of surfaces with a reduction of bacterial biofilms within the first exposure minutes, combined with the LBL capsules that kept releasing terpenes in a controlled manner over several hours favoring a sustained prolonged disinfection of food contact surfaces and a protection from bacterial recontamination. The prominent persistent disinfection activity using a successive treatment of ML and LBL nanocapsules was also validated on biofilms developed under different hydrodynamic conditions in a lab-scale pipeline system set-up to mimic some of the real flow conditions encountered in agro-food industries
Bedel, Sophie. "Conception de nouvelles surfaces à propriétés antibactériennes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112358.
Full textBio-contamination of surfaces and related risks are very important economically and for public health. To prevent this phenomenon, one solution is to modify the properties of the surfaces, in order to give them the wanted functionalities. The goal of this study is the modification of metallic surfaces (steel) or polymer surfaces: poly(ethylene terephtalate) with glycomonomers or bioactives monomers. To reach this objective, a multi-step strategy is applied.The first step enabled the incorporation of reactive species on the surfaces by an acid treatment followed by a reaction with dopamine, or by ammonia plasma treatment. Hydroxyl or amine functional groups are added. Then, an initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization is grafted on surfaces. Monomers are synthesized and conventional polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization are studied. Optimal conditions are determined and polymerization on surfaces achieved. The last step is the study of the microbiological properties of the synthesized surfaces.Protected and unprotected galactose glycopolymers as well as gaiacyl methacrylate and thymyl methacrylate have been synthesized. Monomers have been polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization directly to the steel or poly(ethylene therephtalate) surfaces. After each step, materials are analyzed by contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry.Steel surfaces which are functionalized by a glycopolymer and tested in presence of Bacillus subtilis are found to have antiadhesive properties. A most important effect is observed with the unprotected glycopolymer. Poly(ethylene terephtalate) surfaces have antiadhesive properties in presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphilococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when poly(thymyl methacrylate) is grafted. An antibiofilm effect is observed with Staphilococcus aureus.Simultaneously, quaternary ammonium homopolymers and copolymers by integration of bioactive monomers have been obtained. Their antibacterial properties are tested in planctonik conditions in presence of Bacillus subtilis. A degree of polymerization equal to 78 and alkyl halide groups: iodomethane and bromoethane enabled to obtain the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration. Bioactive monomers contributed to emphasize this decrease. The most decreasing effect is obtained when one per cent of N-(4-hydroxy-3-méthoxy-benzyl)-acrylamide is integrated
Cussac, Paul. "Influence d’imperfections surfaciques sur la tenue en fatigue de composants nucléaires." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0001.
Full textGiven the stringent requirements of high levels of safety in nuclear components, stakeholders of the French nuclear industry must anticipate the presence of residual surface imperfections in these components. Such imperfections could be introduced during manufacturing or maintenance operations. The incidence of surface irregularities on the fatigue strength of metallic components has tobe considered. Meanwhile, nuclear components can be loaded under low-cycle fatigue and large-scale plasticity conditions. The first objective of this work isthento assess to what extent the fatigue life of typical nuclear materials may be affected by the presence of such surface irregularities. In parallel, thisstudy aims at describing, qualitativelyand quantitatively, the crack initiation and propagation from these imperfections. In order to meet these objectives, a uni-axial fatigue test campaign, conducted under fully-reversed total axial strain control, in the air at room temperature, has been carried out on the cylindrical specimens (Φ 9 mm). Surface imperfections were artificially introduced onto the specimens. The electric potential trackingmethod has been mainly usedto monitor the crack initiation, micro and macro propagation phases from surface imperfections. Additional experimental and numerical actions have been carried out to calibrate the potential monitoring. The results of thetest campaigndemonstrate a significant influence of the presence of imperfections on the9 mm specimensfatigue strength. The useof electrical methodhas allowedto determine crackinitiation and growth ratesfrom surface imperfections. The identification of a representative parameter of the propagation driving force,in the context of generalized plasticity associated with the tests carried out,has also allowed to analysedata relating to propagation kinetics in a predictive perspective
Khamisse, Elissa. "Etude du microbiote susceptible de persister sur les surfaces d'un atelier de la filière viande bovine." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00770326.
Full textGuillot, Ivan. "Oxydation et phénomènes de frottement à chaud sur les aciers inoxydables ferritiques : influence des éléments mineurs (Ti, Nb, Mo)." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD245.
Full textLiang, Xiaoyu. "Comportement en fatigue à grand nombre de cycle d’un acier inoxydable 316L obtenu par fabrication additive : effets de la microstructure, de la rugosité et des défauts." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE017.
Full textThis study aims to investigate the influence of both the microstructure and surface defects on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of a 316L stainless steel obtained by additive manufacturing (AM). Surface defects and microstructure are dominant factors of fatigue behavior, while the AM materials often exhibit distinguished surface state and microstructure compared to conventional materials. The current study begins with an investigation of the material properties that are related to fatigue behavior. Microstructure observations of the powder and fabricated specimens are undertaken. Profilometry and tomography analyses make the inherent defects visible. The hardness, elastic behavior and elastic-plastic behavior are studied via mechanical tests. Then, load-controlled fatigue tests concerning different surface-treated specimens under different loading types are conducted. To reveal the mechanism of fatigue failure in the studied specimens, a comprehensive fractography analysis is carried out. Experimental research reveals the weakening of fatigue strength due to lack-of-fusion defects. Yet, the effect of the microstructural attributes is difficult to evaluate without numerical tools. A preliminary numerical study about the application of the non-local method in an explicit microstructure sensitive model is undertaken to complement the microstructure-sensitive modeling framework. Based on the data collected in the experimental campaign, a finite element model that can take into consideration of the defects and the microstructure of the SLM SS 316L is built up. Finite element analyses are performed with both cubic elasticity and polycrystal plasticity constitutive laws. With the help of the statistical method, the results from the FE model are used to quantitatively assess the influence of surface roughness and microstructural attributes on the fatigue performance of SLM SS 316L
Al-Ogaili, Ghassan Saadoon Dawood. "Fundamental approach for fouling growth mechanisms comprehension at a stainless steel surface : development of antifouling coating for stainless steel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10109.
Full textThis work presents an important problem in the dairy industry: the fouling caused by milk during heat treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of deposition and growth of dairy fouling on the surface of stainless steel pipes in order to develop a surface that limited or even prevent this contamination. The morphology and composition of the fouling layer strongly depends on the solution of fouling. When water with Total Hardness zero is used, the fouling layer is thin, smooth and homogeneous. Conversely, with tap water in highly concentrated calcium, the fouling layer is very thick, rough and shows a mechanism for tree growth. To better understand the mechanisms of fouling initiation, samples were subjected to a process of fouling than one minute for both solutions, resulting in the formation of layers of fouling thickness interactions nanométrique.Les between milk proteins and calcium on the surface of the steel could be studied by techniques of extreme surface (XPS, ToF-SIMS and AFM) analysis, which has improved the understanding of the mechanisms fouling. The study is then focused on the reduction of fouling by means of coatings on stainless steel, either by atmospheric plasma or by sol-gel. Among the different coatings studied, a coating deposited by atmospheric plasma (using hexamethyldisiloxane HMDSO as precursor) leads to a significant reduction in milk fouling
Vittoz, Christelle. "Étude de l'acido-basicité des surfaces par mouillabilité et XPS : application aux aciers inoxydables." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0042.
Full textAl, Saabi Alexandre-Ahmad. "Mousses en écoulement pour le nettoyage d’équipements fermés contaminés par des spores de Bacillus cereus ou des biofilms de Pseudomonas fluorescens." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R015.
Full textContaminants such as spores/biofilms are problematic in many food industry sectors. Indeed even after hygiene procedures, biofilms/spores could be found on every surface that is in direct contact or not with food (Bénézech & Faille, 2018). Risks associated with microorganisms can be controlled either by limiting the number of adherent cells or by facilitating the removal of adherent bacteria. Even though Cleaning in Place (CIP) is widely used and it is a common cleaning practice in food industries; however, it remains at some level a high- water consumption procedure. In addition, some studies, presented some bacterial species that still survived even after CIP and maybe a probable source of product contamination. On the other hand, a double phase fluid such as foam can impose the same wall shear stress with less water being consumed. Foam with its properties such as shearing can be key a parameter for a mechanical cleaning of closed systems such as pipes with a lower consumption of water.In this study we investigated the effect of flowing foam in pipes and compared its efficiency with standard CIP like conditions on the detachment of spores and biofilms. The first approach was working with different foam flow regimes (1D, 2D, 3D while increasing the velocity from 2 to 6 cm s-1) having different foam qualities (amount of air: 50%, 60%, 70%) on different species of microorganisms where fouling was performed either by using spores of B. amyloliquefaciens 98/7 or B. cereus 98/4 that shows a difference by their hydrophobic/hydrophilic character. As for P. fluorescens pf1 it was used as a good biofilm former (24 hrs. biofilm) widely encountered in the food industry. Fouling was performed either vertically or horizontally inducing biofilms with different structures. Results from foam cleaning were compared with CIP like conditions results (the same mean mechanical action, and the same concentration of surfactant). The second approach was subjecting foam flow to different singularities (sudden expansion gradual reduction – bends) while working with one foam flow regime (1D 50%) and one species (B. amyloliquefaciens 98/7 spores) to highlight any changes in the foam flow cleaning efficiency. The third approach was working also with one species (B. amyloliquefaciens 98/7) considered as a good “microbial tool” producing foam from the use of different surfactants (SDS, Capstone® FS 30, Ammonyx® LO) that differs by their chemical properties ( nonionic, anionic and zwitterion) thus producing different foams having different physical properties in terms of bubbles size , number and repartition, and flow pattern. Comparing to previous related works on foam flow characterization, it was possible to highlight the potential role on the cleaning efficiency of the Wall Shear Stress variations in parallel to the liquid film thickness variation at the wall with the bubbles' passage. In addition, according to previous work, the possible capillary forces exerted under the lowest flow rates and considering the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the spores, in addition to biofilm structure would explain at least partly the surprising efficiency in the spores' removal by foam