Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acier à roulement'
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Tonicello, Emmanuel. "Etude et modélisation de la fatigue de contact en présence d’indentation dans le cas de roulements tout acier et hybrides." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0047/document.
Full textThe nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel is a gradient properties material used for the production of aeronautical bearing rings. The principal advantages are its surface hardness and core ductility, useful against debris denting. Moreover, to improve rolling bearing performances, ceramic balls (silicon nitride Si3N4) instead of steel (M50). The present study aims to investigate the contact fatigue performance in presence of indentation for two pairs of materials (nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel / M50 and nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel / Si3N4). This performance is mainly oriented in terms of lifetime of the indented contact by a crack initiation criterion. A study of the mechanicals properties of the nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel, required for the application of the criterion, is then performed. It allows to characterize the hardening law and the cyclic micro-plastic behavior of the nitrided layer of the nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel. Crack initiation properties of the nitrided surface layer have been evaluated by compression tests on thin hollow cylindrical specimens with small cylindrical holes. The contact fatigue behavior in presence of indentations was studied on a high-speed twin-disks machine. These tests allowed to characterize the difference in behavior of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel (indented) in a steel-to-steel contact or steel-to-ceramic contact. The major effect of sliding has been highlighted. All these experimental studies were coupled with numerical simulations to calibrate the physical model of crack initiation and to show its capabilities. In conclusion a new model of rolling contact fatigue life has been proposed. It is specifically adapted to operation in presence of residual stresses such as resulting from debris denting. The model uses mechanical properties that have been identified for thermo-chemically treated layers of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel
Tonicello, Emmanuel. "Etude et modélisation de la fatigue de contact en présence d'indentation dans le cas de roulements tout acier et hybrides." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749925.
Full textGaussens, Clélia. "Solutions adhésives et durabilité d'une liaison structurale d'un capteur céramique sur un roulement acier." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0112/document.
Full textThe industrial application (under a confidential clause) concerns a ceramic/steel assembly. This PhD research take part in a European programme and is concerned with providing a reliable industrial bonding between ceramic and steel using structural adhesive.This assembly should ensure the total transmission of the efforts on a broad range of temperatures and in a hard life requirements. The methodology consists in the definition of formulations parameters impact on the initial properties and the durability of the assemblies. The study of the parameters which are the macromolecular chain of the epoxy resin, the nature of the hardener and filler addition have lead to the selection of formulations containing DGEBA (diglycidylether of the bisphenol A) and Novolaque alone or melted. The determination of their properties highlights different behaviors in terms of glassy transition temperature, curing process, viscosity and adherence. The characterization of the formulations during hydrothermal ageing shows common non reversible chemical modifications (IRTF) but different physical behaviors (thermomechanical analysis, SEM, flexion, calorimetry) and water sorption modes (Gravimetry, TGA). The adherence tests (crown test and three point flexure test) developed in order to characterize the interfaces behavior show higher durability of the melted systems comparing to the DGEBA formulation. A non destructive test study highlights the conservation ceramic/adhesive /steel assembly’s integrity submitted to harmful conditions as residual stresses, hydrothermal ageing and thermal shock
AUDRAIN, VALERIE, and Geneviève Inglebert. "Fatigue de contact d'un acier a roulement - z100cd17 - a temperature ambiante et cryotechnique. Etude experimentale et modelisation." Paris, ENSAM, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENAMA024.
Full textEl, Ghazal Hayat. "Etude des propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques des aciers 16NiCrMo13 cémenté et 32CrMoV13 nitrure : application à la prévision de leur limite d'endurance en fatigue de roulement." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0043.
Full textThe microstructural and mechanical properties profiles of 16NICR. MOl3 carburized and 32CrMoV13 nitrided steels have been studied. The carburised steel exhibits a martensitic structure whereas the nitrided steel is ferritic and hardened by thin precipitates which properties have been studied by T. E. M. . To characterise microplasticity properties profiles, we have developed, by means of finite elements calculations, an original method to identify the work hardening law from nano-indentation tests. A study of rolling contact fatigue behaviour of these steels, under elasto-hydrodynamic conditions, shows that, for the carburised steel, damage starts from carbides formed during the carburizing process. For the nitrided steel, damage has only been observed for very high contact pressures. It devewps within the most stressed area under the surface, which undergoes a microstructural evolution during fatigue. Finally, we have calculated a wwer bound of the fatigue limit of these materials from damage mechanisms that have been observed. These calculations are based on the comparison between the friction limit profiles, controlling dislocations movements, and the Tresca shear stress profile resulting from contact pressure and taking into account the carbides influence in the case of carburised steels
Nicot, Christophe. "Etude des mécanismes d'endommagement d'aciers a roulement sollicites en fatigue : effet de défauts de surface simulant des conditions de lubrification polluée et rôle du traitement thermique." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0023.
Full textThis work constitutes one part of a more global project which is aimed at defining a new bearing life calculation method. We have studied the damage mechanisms of bearing steels cyclically stressed in contaminated lubricant simulating conditions. More precisely, we have examined crack initiation mechanisms. Firstly, a bibliographical study allows us to pose the problem and to show the importance of heat treatment, and therefore microstructure, towards this kind of solicitation. The percentage of retained austenite must be higher with a correct hardness. Secondly, we present experimental engeneering and our method of analysis. Theo, we show how interrupted quench cycles allow us, without autenisation conditions modification, to obtain in the same time, sufficient hardness and high percentage of retained austenite, which is also more thermo-mechanically stable. We have a thermodynamic interpretation of the whole part of our results based on TEM observations. Then, we have perfected a very simple fatigue test in which lubricant contamination effect is simulated by an indentation. This kind of test allows us to study the influence of microstructure obtained for different heat treatment and steel compositions, on crack initiation resistance. Finally, we have analysed fatigue test results with the assistance of a model available in the laboratory, based on the concept of physical metallurgy. To this end. We have developed a calculation method of stresses based on the FEM method (stress concentrations), dislocation approach (residual stresses) and ESHELBY concept (deformation incompatibilities)
Rocher, Sylvie. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation de la propagation des fissures courtes dans l'acier 100Cr6 soumis à la fatigue de roulement." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0065.
Full textThis thesis constitutes part of a more global project on bearing life calculation which takes into account microstructural characteristics of the material. This contribution concerns the study of the first stage of subsurface crack propagation. These cracks are initiated in structural changes called butterflies, and formed around inclusions, by contact-fatigue. After some revisions on the subject, we show that a physical metallurgy based approach is well-suited to the study of the propagation of the short cracks mentioned above. By appropriate compressive tests, we first studied the plastic behaviour of the 100Cr6 steel and showed the effect of thermal activation on the material deformation. Furthermore, we have determined the activation volume of the dislocation mechanism responsible for this deformation, despite the existence of a dynamic strain ageing phenomena probably due to the mobility of carbon atoms in martensitic matrix. Then, by contact fatigue tests associated with ultrasonic investigations, we were able to detect the initiation of damage, under the contact surface, and show that short cracks, studied in this work, have a first stage of slow propagation. So, we have developed a model for short crack propagation, under mode II loading conditions, based on the emission of edge dislocations by the crack at its tip. The originality of the model is that it takes into account the thermal activation of the dislocation movement. After a study of the model's properties, we have applied it to the 100Cr6 steel : thus, we have verified that the short cracks we have observed, have a first stage of very slow propagation
Lamagnere, Pierre. "Etude et modélisation de l’amorçage des fissures de fatigue de roulement au voisinage des microhétérogénéités dans l'acier M50 (80 Mo Cr V 4 1 1)." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0142.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop a new model for crack nucleation which occurs from non-metallic inclusions or primary carbides in M50 bearing steel under rolling contact fatigue. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the determination of the material parameters to be introduced in the models. First, we study the elasto-plastic properties of the inhomogeneities by means of a nano-indentation technique. For that purpose an experimental procedure is developed to measure the Young's modulus and hardness of inclusions embedded in a matrix. Then, the microplasticity and the cyclic plasticity of M50 steel is characterized. Finally, the number of cycles to crack initiation is estimated by means of a non-destructive examination of rolling bearings at various stages of fatigue life using ultrasonic echography. The second part of this thesis is devoted to modelling. First, we develop a method to determine the endurance limit of bearings operating under elasto-hydrodynamic lubricating conditions. This approach is based on the calculation of the stress concentration around inclusions and the use of a local stress criterion. Finally, a new model for the prediction of the number of cycles to crack initiation is proposed. This model uses micromechanics and physical metallurgy concepts to evaluate the accumulation of dislocations during fatigue which leads to local damage in the so-called "butterfly" wings formed around the inhomogeneities
Langueh, Amavi Mawulé Guissou. "Contribution au dimensionnement des roues ferroviaires en fatigue de contact de roulement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10035/document.
Full textThe increasing of the railways axles loads; the traffic speeds and track conditions can lead to surface and sub-surface damage of wheel, usually called scaling. The aim of this thesis is to develop a numerical approach of railways wheel design in rolling contact fatigue which takes into account the local solicitations via the real geometric of rail/wheel contact, the inelastic behavior of the wheel material (steel) and the operating conditions. At present, the simplified methods for the wheel design are not possible to take all these elements through a single simulation. The stationary algorithm based on the Eulerian formulation is used to determine the steady state of the structure. The influence of the slip, the slip angle, the position of the load and the steel grades on the mechanical response, the fatigue loading paths and the shakedown are investigated. For the fatigue analysis, the criteria of Dang Van and Manson-Coffin are used. The results allow the establishment of the numerical shakedown maps and these are then discussed. Furthermore, the influence of residual stresses introduced by the heat treatment of the tread is analysed. It is shown that they modify the hydrostatic pressure as it is usually the case in fatigue, but also the mesoscopic shear stress, which is a new result
Gosset, Laurence. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation de l’amorçage des fissures dans l'acier 100 Cr6 soumis à la fatigue de roulement." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0113.
Full textThe objective of this study is to contribute to the analysis of bearings damages and forecast of bearing life in Hertzian conditions. In this study, dealing with 100 Cr 6 Steel, we specially studied mechanism of initiation of cracks near the inclusions. On the experimental side, by using an high frequency ultrasonic technique and optical observation, we have confirmed that, in elastohydrodynamic rolling conditions, this type of damage was initiated under the surface, where the maximum shear stress is high. Moreover this damage is associated with martensite phase transformation in a phase which becomes white after chemical etching. On the modelling side, we have proposed a simple approach of the zone concerned by the phase transformation, which is based on the study of dislocations movement amplitude from the inclusion-matrix interface. This calculation based on the ESHELBY method, demonstrates that this approach permit to forecast the shape, size and orientation of white phases. In fact, these results have been introduced in the crack initiation criterium whose bases have been proposed by P. CHAMPAUD. Thus we have obtained a reasonable agreement between this modeling and the experimental results.
Champiot, Bayard Fréderic. "Etude et modélisation de la propagation des fissures de fatigue de roulement amorcées en sous-couche dans l'acier M50(80 Mo Cr V 42)." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0110.
Full textThis work deals with the experimental study and the modelling of the propagation of cracks nucleated in M50 bearing steel subsurface under rolling contact fatigue. Its aim consists in developing a numerical modelisation using micromechanics and physical metallurgy concepts taking into account the micro structural properties of the material. The first part of this work is devoted to the experimental characterisation of the M50 mechanical properties. The M50 elasto-viscoplastic behavior is studied and a special attention is paid to the thermally activation mechanism which control the • plastic deformation. Then, the physical mechanisms responsible for the crack propagation are investigated through two specific experiments. On one hand, we have simulated the crack propagation in rolling by means of a compressive device. On the other hand, the ultrasonic echography technique has allowed us to follow the crack propagation through interrupted rolling fatigue tests. In the second part of this work, we have developed a modelisation of the crack propagation in mode II by the description of the emission and the thermally activated motion of dislocations in front of the crack. Then, this model has been adapted to the specific mode of loading of a crack nucleated in subsurface under rolling fatigue. In the framework of a determinist description, a calculation of the fatigue limit, for which the propagation of the nucleated cracks are observed to stop, is proposed. Finally, an estimation of the number of cycles to crack propagation from its nucleation area to the contact surface is presented
Sarete, Hélène. "Etude d'une nouvelle nuance d'acier à roulement pour conditions d'usage sévères et modélisation de son endommagement en présence d'une indentation." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0104.
Full textThis work as two aims: The first one is the research of a new steel composition and associated beat treatments to enhance bearing life under severe service conditions (heavy load, high temperature, and debris contaminated lubrication causing the formation of dents on the contact surface). The second one is to propose a description and a modeling of damage mechanisms of indented surfaces under rolling contact fatigue. Measurements of simple features (mainly hardness and content of retained austenite) of different laboratory cast steels after different beat treatments help to define which compositions are of interest. The chosen steel is elaborated in industrial conditions to obtain a high Level of cleanliness necessary for a good resistance under rolling contact fatigue. Its beat treatment conditions are refined. Mechanical behaviour of the new steel is characterise : stress - train curves at low deformation, cyclic plastic deformation, resistance to cyclic compression and rolling contact fatigue of flat and indented samples simulating use under contaminated lubrication. Observations of samples after fatigue help to describe damage mechanisms. A contribution to modeling of damage under rolling contact fatigue when contact surface are indented is proposed. It is based on the model of damage under normal use (initiation of a microcrack on an inclusion in the subsurface and propagation of the crack to the surface) and allows for the mechanical, structural and geometrical modifications induced by indentation
Meynaud, Patrick. "Prévision de la durée de vie en fatigue de roulement d'un acier a partir de ses caractéristiques élastoplastiques et de celles de ses inclusions." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0115.
Full textUnder elasto-hydro-dynamic lubrication (EHD) conditions and when the roughness of the contact surfaces is very low the principal damage process in rolling fatigue is subsurface initiated deep spalling. The strain rnisfit between residual non metallic inclusions and the martensitic matrix, due to their differences in elastoplastic properties, is responsible for a local stress concentration which can be partially relaxed by dislocation emission. Under cyclic loading the emitted dislocations induce a transformation of the martensite within a finite volume surrounding the inclusion, often called "butterfly" due to its shape. The increase in the dislocation density leads to crack initiation within the butterfly. The propagation of this subsurface crack towards the surface results in the bearing failure by spalling. A model of this complex mechanism based upon micromechanics and physical metallurgy concepts is presented. The damage process is surveyed by means of ultrasonic echography and metallographie observations. The inclusions of AISI 52100 steel are localized by means of ultrasonic echography, then their species and elastic properties are characterized. Our crack initiation and propagation modeling, taking into account the inclusion distributions, allows us to simulate standard fatigue tests used for characterizing the fatigue properties of bearing steels. The comparison between experimental and simulation results is satisfactory. The distribution of the life times is mainly caused by the distribution of the inclusion positions in the Hertzian stress field. The roles of the size and the species of the inclusions are understood owing to the simulations
Jouini, Nabil. "Etude de l'intégrité de surfaces obtenues par usinage de haute précision d'un acier à roulement 100Cr6 : application à la tenue en fatigue de contact." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1930.
Full textFinishing components of hardened steels, such as bearings, by high precision turning has become very competitive alternative and environmentally-friendly to the grinding process. However, for this alternative can be credible, it is imperative that it provides comparable surface integrity. Several developments were carried out on High Precision Turning (HPT) machine of the Roberal laboratory and made it possible to machine hardened AISI 52100 bearing steel (62 HRC). To characterise the surface topography, a comparative study of three different measurement techniques has been conducted. A multi-scale analysis showed that the stylus profiler is the most powerful measuring instrument. Then, a study on the choice of the most relevant roughness parameters has been conducted. It was determined that the profile Length ratio (Lr) and the roughness average (Ra) are the relevant pair of roughness parameters. A structural characterisation carried out using different techniques (SEM, EDS, DXDE, XRD and nanoindentation) showed that HPT of bearings induces changes in surface microstructure. An experimental simulation of Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) showed that roughness has a significant influence on RCF life. The roller bearings can attain 5,2 million cycles with low Ra (Ra = 0,1 µm) against 320 000 cycles with high Ra (Ra = 0,25 µm). In comparison to conventional grinding, HPT offers RCF life 3 times greater. Therefore, it is possible that HPT becomes an alternative to conventional grinding
Harzallah, Ridha. "Étude du comportement mécanique et tribologique des aciers austénitiques au manganèse : application aux cœurs de voies ferroviaires." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00539563.
Full textHabak, Malek. "Etude de l'influence de la microstructure et des paramètres de coupe sur le comportement en tournage dur de l'acier à roulement 100Cr6." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002142.
Full textDidier, Adrien. "Mobiliser le chargement ultrasonique pour caractériser la fatigue de contact roulant : Une étude de l’amorçage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0133.
Full textDamage phenomena caused by rolling contact fatigue on an indented surface are recognized as being responsible for the majority of failures in aerospace bearings. These damage mechanisms remain poorly understood due to a critical lack of experimental data. Indeed, such phenomena only manifest after many years, or even several decades, of operation, making conventional experimental analysis particularly labor-intensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, numerical simulation of this type of damage is currently impossible, both due to the lack of available experimental data and the extremely high number of cycles required for simulation. To enable the study of very high cycle loadings, we have designed an ultrasonic fatigue device capable of reproducing a loading path analogous to that of a bearing on an indented surface, with locally multiaxial and non-proportional loading. This parallel between the two loading paths was established using finite element numerical simulations. The experimental device thus allows simulating the equivalent of several decades of usage, or billions of cycles, in just a few tens of hours. This study has therefore established numerous connections between rolling contact fatigue and ultrasonic fatigue. In particular, it has provided an explanation for the phenomenon of crack initiation site transitions, which shift from the surface to the material’s depth in the context of very high cycle fatigue. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of local microstructural refinement was conducted, revealing a direct link with fatigue initiation in the very high cycle regime. This refinement phenomenon was explained and attributed to the same underlying cause in both bearing fatigue and ultrasonic fatigue: cross-slip of dislocations
Saint-Aimé, Loïc. "Simulation numérique transitoire de la sollicitation cyclique du contact roue-rail." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10227/document.
Full textAs a result of repeated loading induced by train passages, rails are subjected to rolling contact fatigue cracks. Once initiated, cracks could propagate and lead to rail failure. In a context of increased traffic, maintenance policy optimization becomes strategic for railway companies. Thus to define an enhanced planning of maintenance, a better understanding of rail fatigue damage mechanisms is crucial. Under the circumstances, a 3D wheel-rail rolling contact finite element model has been developed in order to reproduce « Head Check » cracks initiation mechanisms. This model allows sequential repeated wheel-rail rolling contact loading. Thus this calculation procedure is used to analyze the influence of plasticity on contact pressure distribution and consequently on residual mechanical fields in the rail during cyclic loading. It is shown that contact conditions evolution during repeated loading must be considered in the first order. The results allowed the identification of potential Head Check cracks initiation zones that correspond to material points on which plastic deformation accumulates significantly. Indeed, there is a correspondence between the « accommodated » principal plastic strain directions and orientation of micro-cracks initiated on rails surface subjected to low cumulative tonnage (0-10MGT). This reinforces the fact that our proposed method is a promising tool for 3D wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue simulation
Stienon, Alexandre. "Contribution à la modélisation de la durée de vie des roulements à partir des caractéristiques inclusionnaires des aciers : concentration, morphologie, propriétés mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0046/these.pdf.
Full textDespite important efforts made by steel makers to improve the cleanliness of steel, inclusions are still present in steel and produce spallings when placed in subsurface of bearings. For any steel makers, being able to predict the lifetime of bearings from the inclusion characteristics of the steel is a major challenge. Most of the existing models only take into account part of the inclusions characteristics. The aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to take into account the most important characteristics (concentrations, size distributions, morphological and mechanical characteristics). To create this new model, an approach based on both characterization and modelling has been used. X-ray micro-tomography has for the first time been applied to the detailed morphological characterization of inclusions. The mechanical properties of these inclusions have been investigated by nano-indentation. Concentrations and size distributions have been obtained thanks to high frequency ultrasounds. All these data have then been used for the modelling. The developed model is based on the calculations of stress fields by finite element method. These calculations have permitted to obtain the stress concentrations produced by the inclusions and the size of the region where plastic strain occurs, in which dislocations accumulate and initiate fatigue cracks. Propagation of these cracks up to the surface has then been modelled by Paris laws. For stringers, an additional stress concentration factor has been introduced in order to take into account the interactions between constitutive inclusions. Once this done, a Monte-Carlo method has been used to virtually distribute inclusions in batches of simulated bearings, in accordance with the concentrations, size distribution and other characteristics obtained experimentally. The free parameters of the model have then been adjusted until a good coherence between numerical predictions and experimental results has been obtained. Consequently, it is now functional and can be used as a good tool to predict lifetime of bearing and optimize the elaborating conditions of steel in relation with the sought applications
Marie-Laure, Dumont. "Etude des endommagements de surface induits par fatigue de roulement dans les contacts élastohydrodynamiques pour des aciers M50 et 100Cr6." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0024.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to characterise the stress tensor and damages induced by rolling contact fatigue. First, experimental tests have been planned to simulate rolling contact fatigue. The influence of the following parameters has been studied: steel (M50 and AISI521 00), surface topography, contact pressure and sliding. A specific device using magnetic sensors has been developed to follow the surface damage evolution. Moreover, an ultrasonic echography device has been used to study subsurface initiation and propagation steps of rolling contact fatigue around inclusions. So, hypothesis on rolling contact fatigue mechanisms and parameter influences have been made. Then, a numerical model using multi-level multi-integration technique has been used to calculate the elastic stress field within a half-infinite body with rough surfaces. The influence of surface topography and friction has been shown in two contact configurations : twodimensional elastohydrodynamically lubricated contact and three-dimensional dry contact. Data concerning microplastic properties of the M50 steel have been used to analyse the calculated stress levels. This work contributes to improve the lifetime prediction of the elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts with real surfaces. Applications include rolling bearings and gears