Journal articles: 'Acidophilic heterotrophs'

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Berthelot, Deborah, L. G. Leduc, and G. D. Ferroni. "The absence of psychrophilic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria in cold, tailings effluents from a uranium mine." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-009.

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Iron-oxidizing autotrophs (mainly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) and acidophilic heterotrophs were recovered and quantified at an incubation temperature of 18 °C, in four tailings-effluent samples obtained from the environment of a uranium mine in Ontario, Canada. The samples were collected during winter when the temperatures of the effluents were in the range 0.5–5.0 °C. Iron-oxidizing autotrophs were recovered in the four samples and their numbers ranged from 3 ± 2 to 185 ± 18 colony-forming units/mL; acidophilic heterotrophs were recovered in three of the four samples and their numbers ranged from 13 ± 3 to 2517 ± 859 colony-forming units/mL. Forty-six of the iron-oxidizer isolates and 63 of the acidophilic heterotrophic isolates were examined for their ability to grow at temperatures of 4, 18, 21, and 37 °C. None of the isolates was psychrophilic, although 96% of the iron oxidizers and 54% of the acidophilic heterotrophs were psychrotrophs; less that 5% of the isolates for both nutritional types were capable of growth at 37 °C. In addition, the isolates were categorized as 'broader temperature range psychrotrophs,' 'narrower temperature range psychrotrophs,' 'intermediates,' or mesophiles, and the narrower temperature range psychrotrophs were found to be numerically predominant.Key words: psychrotrophs, psychrophiles, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria.

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Berthelot, Deborah, L. G. Leduc, and G. D. Ferroni. "Temperature studies of iron-oxidizing autotrophs and acidophilic heterotrophs isolated from uranium mines." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-056.

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Iron-oxidizing autotrophs and acidophilic heterotrophs were quantified at an incubation temperature of 18 °C in several samples obtained from the bioleaching areas of two uranium mines in Ontario, Canada. All samples were mine-water samples with temperatures in the range 13–18 °C. Iron-oxidizing autotrophs ranged from 2683 ± 377 to 245 000 ± 20 205 colony-forming units∙mL−1 and were always numerically superior to acidophilic heterotrophs, which ranged from 40 ± 8 to 9650 ± 161 colony-forming units∙mL−1. For each sample, approximately 20 isolates of each nutritional group were examined for the ability to grow at temperatures of 4, 18, 21, and 37 °C, respectively; overall, 559 isolates of iron-oxidizing bacteria (predominantly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) and 252 acidophilic heterotrophic isolates were examined and categorized as 'broader temperature range psychrotrophs,' 'narrower temperature range psychrotrophs,' 'intermediates,' or mesophiles. Although psychrotrophic representatives of both groups were abundant, no psychrophiles were recovered from any of the samples. For the iron oxidizers, the temperature growth profiles of the isolates were similar from sample to sample. For the acidophilic heterotrophs, the temperature growth profiles varied considerably among samples.Key words: psychrotrophs; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans; uranium mines.

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Lehman, R. Michael, Francisco F. Roberto, Drummond Earley, Debby F. Bruhn, Susan E. Brink, Sean P. O'Connell, Mark E. Delwiche, and Frederick S. Colwell. "Attached and Unattached Bacterial Communities in a 120-Meter Corehole in an Acidic, Crystalline Rock Aquifer." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 2095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.5.2095-2106.2001.

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ABSTRACT The bacteria colonizing geologic core sections (attached) were contrasted with those found suspended in the groundwater (unattached) by examining the microbiology of 16 depth-paired core and groundwater samples using a suite of culture-independent and culture-dependent analyses. One hundred twenty-two meters was continuously cored from a buried chalcopyrite ore hosted in a biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry at the Mineral Park Mine near Kingman, Ariz. Every fourth 1.5-m core was acquired using microbiologically defensible methods, and these core sections were aseptically processed for characterization of the attached bacteria. Groundwater samples containing unattached bacteria were collected from the uncased corehole at depth intervals corresponding to the individual cores using an inflatable straddle packer sampler. The groundwater was acidic (pH 2.8 to 5.0), with low levels of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of sulfate and metals, including ferrous iron. Total numbers of attached cells were less than 105 cells g of core material−1 while unattached cells numbered about 105 cells ml of groundwater−1. Attached and unattached acidophilic heterotrophs were observed throughout the depth profile. In contrast, acidophilic chemolithotrophs were not found attached to the rock but were commonly observed in the groundwater. Attached communities were composed of low numbers (<40 CFU g−1) of neutrophilic heterotrophs that exhibited a high degree of morphologic diversity, while unattached communities contained higher numbers (ca. 103 CFU ml−1) of neutrophilic heterotrophs of limited diversity. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were restricted to the deepest samples of both core and groundwater. 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of attached, acidophilic isolates indicated that organisms closely related to heterotrophic, acidophilic mesophiles such as Acidiphilium organovorum and, surprisingly, to the moderately thermophilic Alicyclobacillus acidocaldariuswere present. The results indicate that viable (but possibly inactive) microorganisms were present in the buried ore and that there was substantial distinction in biomass and physiological capabilities between attached and unattached populations.

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Bacelar-Nicolau, Paula, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Leaching of Pyrite by Acidophilic Heterotrophic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria in Pure and Mixed Cultures." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.2.585-590.1999.

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ABSTRACT Seven strains of heterotrophic iron-oxidizing acidophilic bacteria were examined to determine their abilities to promote oxidative dissolution of pyrite (FeS2) when they were grown in pure cultures and in mixed cultures with sulfur-oxidizingThiobacillus spp. Only one of the isolates (strain T-24) oxidized pyrite when it was grown in pyrite-basal salts medium. However, when pyrite-containing cultures were supplemented with 0.02% (wt/vol) yeast extract, most of the isolates oxidized pyrite, and one (strain T-24) promoted rates of mineral dissolution similar to the rates observed with the iron-oxidizing autotroph Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Pyrite oxidation by another isolate (strain T-21) occurred in cultures containing between 0.005 and 0.05% (wt/vol) yeast extract but was completely inhibited in cultures containing 0.5% yeast extract. Ferrous iron was also needed for mineral dissolution by the iron-oxidizing heterotrophs, indicating that these organisms oxidize pyrite via the “indirect” mechanism. Mixed cultures of three isolates (strains T-21, T-23, and T-24) and the sulfur-oxidizing autotroph Thiobacillus thiooxidans promoted pyrite dissolution; since neither strains T-21 and T-23 nor T. thiooxidans could oxidize this mineral in yeast extract-free media, this was a novel example of bacterial synergism. Mixed cultures of strains T-21 and T-23 and the sulfur-oxidizing mixotrophThiobacillus acidophilus also oxidized pyrite but to a lesser extent than did mixed cultures containing T. thiooxidans. Pyrite leaching by strain T-23 grown in an organic compound-rich medium and incubated either shaken or unshaken was also assessed. The potential environmental significance of iron-oxidizing heterotrophs in accelerating pyrite oxidation is discussed.

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Berthelot, Deborah, L. G. Leduc, and G. D. Ferroni. "Iron‐oxidizing autotrophs and acidophilic heterotrophs from uranium mine environments." Geomicrobiology Journal 14, no. 4 (October 1997): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490459709378055.

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Bhattacharyya, Saswati, B. K. Chakrabarty, A. Das, P. N. Kundu, and P. C. Banerjee. "Acidiphilium symbioticum sp.nov., an acidophilic heterotrophic bacterium from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultures isolated from Indian mines." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-012.

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Two cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans enriched from Indian mine samples and grown autotrophically on FeSO4 – basal salts medium for periods ranging from several months to years contained acidophilic, heterotrophic bacterial contaminants. The heterotrophs (strains KM2 and H8) were isolated by selective growth in a mineral salts – glucose – yeast extract medium of pH 3 and were purified as single colonies on an agarose medium. Mannose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, citrate, mannitol, and glycerol supported the growth of these strains in the presence of yeast extract. The heterotrophs grew poorly or failed to grow in media without yeast extract. They could not grow autotrophically with Fe2+, or with sulfur and its oxidizable derivatives, as the sole source of energy. Although they exhibited many characteristics of the genus Acidiphilium, they differed from Acidiphilium cryptum and other species of this genus in some physiological properties, notably in their ability to grow at higher glucose (5%, w/v) and Mn2+ (20 mM) concentrations. The G+C mol% contents (58.8 and 60.2) of strains KM2 and H8, respectively, determined from melting temperature (Tm) values were close to that of A. cryptum (62.7%). Strains KM2 and H8 showed 70–80% DNA homology with each other and about 60% with A. cryptum. All of the strains, including A. cryptum, responded similarly to several metal ions and antibiotics. SDS–PAGE of whole-cell proteins exhibited striking similarity between these two isolated strains, which were unlike that of A. cryptum. The strains were also agglutinated with a few common lectins and differed strongly from A. cryptum in respect to wheat-germ agglutinin and concanavalin A. Considering all these characteristics, we propose that strains KM2 and H8 be designated as a new species: Acidiphilium symbioticum. The type strain of A. symbioticum is strain KM2 (= MTCC 566). Key words: Acidiphilium symbioticum, Acidiphilium cryptum, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, acidophilic bacteria.

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Dedysh, Svetlana N., Alexey V. Beletsky, Anastasia A. Ivanova, Olga V. Danilova, Shahjahon Begmatov, Irina S. Kulichevskaya, Andrey V. Mardanov, and Nikolai V. Ravin. "Peat-Inhabiting Verrucomicrobia of the Order Methylacidiphilales Do Not Possess Methanotrophic Capabilities." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122566.

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Methanotrophic verrucomicrobia of the order Methylacidiphilales are known as extremely acidophilic, thermophilic or mesophilic bacteria that inhabit acidic geothermal ecosystems. The occurrence of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs in other types of acidic environments remains an open question. Notably, Methylacidiphilales-affiliated 16S rRNA gene sequences are commonly retrieved from acidic (pH 3.5–5.5) peatlands. In this study, we compared the patterns of verrucomicrobial diversity in four acidic raised bogs and six neutral fens located in European North Russia. Methylacidiphilales-like 16S rRNA gene reads displaying 83–86% similarity to 16S rRNA gene sequences of currently described verrucomicrobial methanotrophs were recovered exclusively from raised bogs. Laboratory incubation of peat samples with 10% methane for 3 weeks resulted in the pronounced increase of a relative abundance of alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs, while no response was detected for Methylacidiphilales-affiliated bacteria. Three metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of peat-inhabiting Methylacidiphilales bacteria were reconstructed and examined for the presence of genes encoding methane monooxygenase enzymes and autotrophic carbon fixation pathways. None of these genomic determinants were detected in assembled MAGs. Metabolic reconstructions predicted a heterotrophic metabolism, with a potential to hydrolyze several plant-derived polysaccharides. As suggested by our analysis, peat-inhabiting representatives of the Methylacidiphilales are acidophilic aerobic heterotrophs, which comprise a sister family of the methanotrophic Methylacidiphilaceae.

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Mehrotra, Akanksha, and T. R. Sreekrishnan. "Heavy metal bioleaching and sludge stabilization in a single-stage reactor using indigenous acidophilic heterotrophs." Environmental Technology 38, no. 21 (January 10, 2017): 2709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2016.1275821.

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Beaver, Rachel C., Katja Engel, W. Jeffrey Binns, and Josh D. Neufeld. "Microbiology of barrier component analogues of a deep geological repository." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 68, no. 2 (February 2022): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2021-0225.

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Canada is currently implementing a site selection process to identify a location for a deep geological repository (DGR) for the long-term storage of Canada’s used nuclear fuel, wherein used nuclear fuel bundles will be sealed inside copper-coated carbon steel containers, encased in highly compacted bentonite clay buffer boxes, and sealed deep underground in a stable geosphere. Because a DGR must remain functional for a million years, it is important to examine ancient natural systems that serve as analogues for planned DGR components. Specifically, studying the microbiology of natural analogue components of a DGR is important for developing an understanding of the types of microorganisms that may be able to grow and influence the long-term stability of a DGR. This study explored the abundance, viability, and composition of microorganisms in several ancient natural analogues using a combination of cultivation and cultivation-independent approaches. Samples were obtained from the Tsukinuno bentonite deposit (Japan) that formed ∼10 mya, the Opalinus Clay formation (Switzerland) that formed ∼174 mya, and Canadian shield crystalline rock from Northern Ontario that formed ∼2.7 bya. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that three of the ten Tsukinuno bentonite samples analyzed were dominated by putative aerobic heterotrophs and fermenting bacteria from the phylum Actinobacteria, whereas five of the Tsukinuno bentonite samples were dominated by sequences associated with putative acidophilic chemolithoautotrophs capable of sulfur reduction. The remaining Tsukinuno bentonite samples, the Northern Ontario rock samples, and the Opalinus Clay samples generated inconsistent replicate 16S rRNA gene profiles and were associated primarily with contaminant sequences, suggesting that the microbial profiles detected were not sample-specific but spurious. Culturable aerobic heterotroph abundances were relatively low for all Tsukinuno bentonite samples, culturable anaerobic heterotrophs were only detected in half of the Tsukinuno samples, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were only detected in one Tsukinuno sample by cultivation. Culture-specific 16S rRNA gene profiles from Tsukinuno clay samples demonstrated the presence of phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes among aerobic heterotroph cultures and additional bacteria from the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes from anaerobic heterotroph plate incubations. Only one nucleic acid sequence detected from a culture was also associated with its corresponding clay sample profile, suggesting that nucleic acids from culturable bacteria were relatively rare within the clay samples. Sequencing of DNA extracted from the SRB culture revealed that the taxon present in the culture was affiliated with the genus Desulfosporosinus, which has been found in related bentonite clay analyses. Although the crystalline rock and Opalinus Clay samples were associated with inconsistent, likely spurious 16S rRNA gene profiles, we show evidence for viable and detectable microorganisms within several Tsukinuno natural analogue bentonite samples.

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Groudev, Stoyan N., Irena Spasova, Marina Nicolova, and Plamen S. Georgiev. "In Situ Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils in Uranium Deposits." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.533.

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Experimental plots consisting of acidic and alkaline soils heavily contaminated with radionuclides (mainly U and Ra) and non-ferrous metals (mainly Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) were treated in situ under real field conditions using the activity of the indigenous soil microflora. This activity was enhanced by suitable changes of some essential environmental factors such as pH and water, oxygen and nutrient contents of the soil. The treatment was connected with solubilization and removal of contaminants from the top soil layers (horizon A) due to the joint action of the soil microorganisms and leach solutions used to irrigate the soils (mainly acidophilic chemolothotrophic bacteria and diluted sulphuric acid in the acidic soil, and various heterotrophs and bicarbonate and soluble organics in the alkaline soil). The dissolved contaminants were removed from the soil profile through the drainage soil effluents or were transferred to the deeply located soil subhorizon B2 where they were precipitated as the relevant insoluble forms (uranium as uraninite, and the non-ferrous metals as the relevant sulphides) as a result of the activity of the sulphate-reducing bacteria inhabiting this soil subhorizon.

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N̆ancucheo, Ivan, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Significance of Microbial Communities and Interactions in Safeguarding Reactive Mine Tailings by Ecological Engineering." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 23 (September 30, 2011): 8201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06155-11.

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ABSTRACTPyritic mine tailings (mineral waste generated by metal mining) pose significant risk to the environment as point sources of acidic, metal-rich effluents (acid mine drainage [AMD]). While the accelerated oxidative dissolution of pyrite and other sulfide minerals in tailings by acidophilic chemolithotrophic prokaryotes has been widely reported, other acidophiles (heterotrophic bacteria that catalyze the dissimilatory reduction of iron and sulfur) can reverse the reactions involved in AMD genesis, and these have been implicated in the “natural attenuation” of mine waters. We have investigated whether by manipulating microbial communities in tailings (inoculating with iron- and sulfur-reducing acidophilic bacteria and phototrophic acidophilic microalgae) it is possible to mitigate the impact of the acid-generating and metal-mobilizing chemolithotrophic prokaryotes that are indigenous to tailing deposits. Sixty tailings mesocosms were set up, using five different microbial inoculation variants, and analyzed at regular intervals for changes in physicochemical and microbiological parameters for up to 1 year. Differences between treatment protocols were most apparent between tailings that had been inoculated with acidophilic algae in addition to aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria and those that had been inoculated with only pyrite-oxidizing chemolithotrophs; these differences included higher pH values, lower redox potentials, and smaller concentrations of soluble copper and zinc. The results suggest that empirical ecological engineering of tailing lagoons to promote the growth and activities of iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria could minimize their risk of AMD production and that the heterotrophic populations could be sustained by facilitating the growth of microalgae to provide continuous inputs of organic carbon.

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Izquierdo-Fiallo, Katherin, Claudia Muñoz-Villagrán, Omar Orellana, Rachid Sjoberg, and Gloria Levicán. "Comparative genomics of the proteostasis network in extreme acidophiles." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (September 8, 2023): e0291164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291164.

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Extreme acidophiles thrive in harsh environments characterized by acidic pH, high concentrations of dissolved metals and high osmolarity. Most of these microorganisms are chemolithoautotrophs that obtain energy from low redox potential sources, such as the oxidation of ferrous ions. Under these conditions, the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis of proteins (proteostasis), as the main organic components of the cells, are of utmost importance. Thus, the analysis of protein chaperones is critical for understanding how these organisms deal with proteostasis under such environmental conditions. In this work, using a bioinformatics approach, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of the genes encoding classical, periplasmic and stress chaperones, and the protease systems. The analysis included 35 genomes from iron- or sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic acidophilic bacteria. The results showed that classical ATP-dependent chaperones, mostly folding chaperones, are widely distributed, although they are sub-represented in some groups. Acidophilic bacteria showed redundancy of genes coding for the ATP-independent holdase chaperones RidA and Hsp20. In addition, a systematically high redundancy of genes encoding periplasmic chaperones like HtrA and YidC was also detected. In the same way, the proteolytic ATPase complexes ClpPX and Lon presented redundancy and broad distribution. The presence of genes that encoded protein variants was noticeable. In addition, genes for chaperones and protease systems were clustered within the genomes, suggesting common regulation of these activities. Finally, some genes were differentially distributed between bacteria as a function of the autotrophic or heterotrophic character of their metabolism. These results suggest that acidophiles possess an abundant and flexible proteostasis network that protects proteins in organisms living in energy-limiting and extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, our results provide a means for understanding the diversity and significance of proteostasis mechanisms in extreme acidophilic bacteria.

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Rohwerder, Thore, Claudia Janosch, and Wolfgang Sand. "Elemental Sulfur Oxidation in Acidiphilium spp." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.583.

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The alpha-proteobacterial genus Acidiphilium consists of several acidophilic species, generally known as a part of the mesophilc microbial flora of leaching biotopes. All of them can grow chemoorganotrophically on carbon sources like sugars and many express additional photosynthetic pigments. Thus far, only Ap. acidophilum is known to be capable of chemolithotrophic growth on elemental sulfur oxidation. The oxidation potential of inorganic sulfur species by the other strictly heterotrophic species has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, we demonstrate the unequivocal evidence of inorganic sulfur compound oxidation by strains of Ap. cryptum and other Acidiphilium species. Evolutionary and biochemical aspects of this new feature among the heterotrophic Acidiphilium spp. are discussed. This finding will possibly help to solve the long-standing question about the biochemical nature of elemental sulfur oxidation in mesophilic leaching bacteria.

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Liu, Yuanyuan, Hongying Yang, Xian Zhang, Yunhua Xiao, Xue Guo, and Xueduan Liu. "Genomic Analysis Unravels Reduced Inorganic Sulfur Compound Oxidation of Heterotrophic AcidophilicAcidicaldussp. Strain DX-1." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8137012.

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Although reduced inorganic sulfur compound (RISC) oxidation in many chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers has been investigated in recent years, there is little information about RISC oxidation in heterotrophic acidophiles. In this study,Acidicaldussp. strain DX-1, a heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing acidophile, was isolated. Its genome was sequenced and then used for comparative genomics. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR was performed to identify the expression of genes involved in the RISC oxidation. Gene encoding thiosulfate: quinone oxidoreductase was present inAcidicaldussp. strain DX-1, while no candidate genes with significant similarity to tetrathionate hydrolase were found. Additionally, there were genes encoding heterodisulfide reductase complex, which was proposed to play a crucial role in oxidizing cytoplasmic sulfur. Like many heterotrophic sulfur oxidizers,Acidicaldussp. strain DX-1 had no genes encoding enzymes essential for the direct oxidation of sulfite. An indirect oxidation of sulfite via adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate was proposed inAcidicaldusstrain DX-1. However, compared to other closely related bacteriaAcidiphilium cryptumandAcidiphilium multivorum, which harbored the genes encoding Sox system, almost all of these genes were not detected inAcidicaldussp. strain DX-1. This study might provide some references for the future study of RISC oxidation in heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing acidophiles.

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González, Daniella, Katharina J. Huber, Brian Tindall, Sabrina Hedrich, Camila Rojas-Villalobos, Raquel Quatrini, M. Alejandro Dinamarca, et al. "Acidiferrimicrobium australe gen. nov., sp. nov., an acidophilic and obligately heterotrophic, member of the Actinobacteria that catalyses dissimilatory oxido-reduction of iron isolated from metal-rich acidic water in Chile." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004179.

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A novel acidophilic member of the phylum Actinobacteria was isolated from an acidic, metal-contaminated stream draining from an abandoned underground coal mine (Trongol mine), situated close to Curanilahue, Biobío Region, Chile. The isolate (USS-CCA1T) was demonstrated to be a heterotroph that catalysed under aerobic conditions the oxidation of ferrous iron and the reduction of ferric iron under anaerobic conditions, but not the oxidation of sulfur nor hydrogen. USS-CCA1T is a Gram-positive, motile, short rod-shaped, mesophilic bacterium with a temperature growth optimum at 30 °C (range 20–39 °C). It was categorized as an extreme acidophile growing between 1.7 and 4.5 and optimally at pH 3.0. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of the isolate was 74.1 mol%, which is highly related to Aciditerrimonas ferrireducens IC-180T , (the most closely related genus; 94.4 % 16S rRNA gene identity), and higher than other acidophilic actinobacteria. The isolate (USS-CCA1T) was shown to form a distinct 16S rRNA clade from characterized acidophilic actinobacteria, well separated from the genera Acidimicrobium , Ferrimicrobium , Ferrithrix , ‘Acidithrix’ and Aciditerrimonas . Genomic indexes (ANIb, DDH, AAI, POCP) derived from the USS-CCA1T draft genome sequence (deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession WJHE00000000) support assignment of the isolate to a new species and a new genus within the Acidimicrobiaceae family. Isolate USS-CCA1T is the designated type strain of the novel species Acidiferrimicrobium australe (=DSM 106828T,=RGM 2506T).

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Johnson, D. Barrie, and Stephen McGinness. "Ferric Iron Reduction by Acidophilic Heterotrophic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57, no. 1 (1991): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.1.207-211.1991.

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Masaki, Yusei, Shin Ichi Hirano, and Naoko Okibe. "Microbial Community Structure Analysis of Blood Pond Hell Hot Spring in Japan and Search for Metal-Reducing Microbes." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.45.

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Blood Pond Hell (Chinoike Jigoku) is located in the hot spring town of Beppu, in Kyushu Island of Japan, and features a unique hot, acidic, red-coloured pond. This study aimed to investigate the microbial diversity in this unique extreme environment and eventually to isolate useful acidophilic microbes. The initial PCR (using bacteria-or archaea-specific primers) on environmental samples detected the presence of bacteria, but not archaea. The following random sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of a large bacterial diversity at the site (123 clones comprising 18 bacterial and 1 archaeal genera), including those closely related to known autotrophic and heterotrophic acidophiles (Acidithiobacillussp.,Sulfobacillussp.,Alicyclobacillussp.). Nonetheless, successive enrichment cultivation with Fe (III) under oxygen depletion lead to isolation of previously non-detected archaeal (Sulfolobussp.) colonies on solid media. Two isolates showing Fe (III) reduction ability were namedSulfolobussp. GA1 and GA2. The isolates were also found to reduce highly toxic Cr (VI) to less toxic/soluble Cr (III), demonstrating their potential utility in metal bioremediation.

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Shooner, Frédéric, and Rajeshwar D. Tyagi. "Microbial ecology of simultaneous thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion of sewage sludge." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-150.

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The microbial population encountered during a simultaneous thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion process at 50 °C, based on microbial sulfur oxidation, was investigated. The cell count of the sulfuric acid producer Thiobacillus thermosulfatus increased, followed by a decrease. In the absence of sulfur (control: conventional thermophilic digestion), Thiobacillus thermosulfatus population decreased under the detection limit. Acidophilic and neutrophilic heterotrophic populations increased during the leaching process, and the final acidophilic population count was higher than the neutrophilic population. During the thermophilic digestion (control), the final neutrophilic population count was higher than the acidophilic. Six heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated and partially characterized. Bacillus was the most predominant genus. The type of bacterial populations in thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion, as well as the thermophilic digestion process (control), were the same, while only the relative concentrations changed. In both processes, the bacterial indicators decreased under the detection limit after 12 h. Mesophilic heterotrophic population was more affected by the thermophilic microbial leaching process than by thermophilic digestion. Sludge mineralization was probably more influenced by the final cell concentration rather than the presence of an individual species or mixed population.Key words: Thiobacillus thermosulfatus, thermophilic metal leaching, thermophilic sludge digestion, indicator microorganisms.

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Basu, Sumanta, Srabani Das, and Pataki C. Banerjee. "Lipopolysaccharides of the acidophilic heterotrophic bacteriaAcidiphilium cryptumandAcidiphilium symbioticum." FEMS Microbiology Letters 118, no. 1-2 (May 1994): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06804.x.

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Shuttleworth, Kay L., Richard F. Unz, and Paul L. Wichlacz. "Glucose Catabolism in Strains of Acidophilic, Heterotrophic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50, no. 3 (1985): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.50.3.573-579.1985.

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Okibe, Naoko, Mariekie Gericke, Kevin B. Hallberg, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Enumeration and Characterization of Acidophilic Microorganisms Isolated from a Pilot Plant Stirred-Tank Bioleaching Operation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 4 (April 2003): 1936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.4.1936-1943.2003.

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ABSTRACT Microorganisms were enumerated and isolated on selective solid media from a pilot-scale stirred-tank bioleaching operation in which a polymetallic sulfide concentrate was subjected to biologically accelerated oxidation at 45°C. Four distinct prokaryotes were isolated: three bacteria (an Acidithiobacillus caldus-like organism, a thermophilic Leptospirillum sp., and a Sulfobacillus sp.) and one archaeon (a Ferroplasma-like isolate). The relative numbers of these prokaryotes changed in the three reactors sampled, and the Ferroplasma isolate became increasingly dominant as mineral oxidation progressed, eventually accounting for >99% of plate isolates in the third of three in-line reactors. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, and some key physiological traits (e.g., oxidation of iron and/or sulfur and autotrophy or heterotrophy) were examined. More detailed studies were carried out with the Leptospirillum and Ferroplasma isolates. The data presented here represent the first quantitative study of the microorganisms in a metal leaching situation and confirm that mixed cultures of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotic acidophiles catalyze the accelerated dissolution of sulfidic minerals in industrial tank bioleaching operations. The results show that indigenous acidophilic microbial populations change as mineral dissolution becomes more extensive.

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Blayda, Iryna, Tetyana Vasylieva, Nataliia Vasylieva, Valentyna Khytrych, and Svitlana Shuliakova. "Study of Coal Microbiocenosis for Development of Biotechnological Method for its Desulfurization." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.01.074.

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A presence of microscopic fungi, heterotrophic bacteria, as well as neutrophilic and acidophilic chemolitotrophic bacteria was determined in coal microbiocenosis. The largest and most active towards pyrite sulfur removal is the Acidithiobacillus genus. Heterotrophic bacteria have the biggest potential when it comes to removal of organic sulfur. Preceding treatment of coal with “silicate” bacteria from the Bacillus genus will allow to use coal microbiocenosis for its biodesulfurisation at its full potential.

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Eichorst, Stephanie A., Cheryl R. Kuske, and Thomas M. Schmidt. "Influence of Plant Polymers on the Distribution and Cultivation of Bacteria in the PhylumAcidobacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01080-10.

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ABSTRACTMembers of the phylumAcidobacteriaare among the most abundant bacteria in soil. Although they have been characterized as versatile heterotrophs, it is unclear if the types and availability of organic resources influence their distribution in soil. The potential for organic resources to select for different acidobacteria was assessed using molecular and cultivation-based approaches with agricultural and managed grassland soils in Michigan. The distribution of acidobacteria varied with the carbon content of soil: the proportion of subdivision 4 sequences was highest in agricultural soils (ca. 41%) that contained less carbon than grassland soils, where the proportions of subdivision 1, 3, 4, and 6 sequences were similar. Either readily oxidizable carbon or plant polymers were used as the sole carbon and energy source to isolate heterotrophic bacteria from these soils. Plant polymers increased the diversity of acidobacteria cultivated but decreased the total number of heterotrophs recovered compared to readily oxidizable carbon. Two phylogenetically novelAcidobacteriastrains isolated on the plant polymer medium were characterized. Strains KBS 83 (subdivision 1) and KBS 96 (subdivision 3) are moderate acidophiles with pH optima of 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Both strains grew slowly (μ = 0.01 h−1) and harbored either 1 (strain KBS 83) or 2 (strain KBS 96) copies of the 16S rRNA encoding gene—a genomic characteristic typical of oligotrophs. Strain KBS 83 is a microaerophile, growing optimally at 8% oxygen. These metabolic characteristics help delineate the niches that acidobacteria occupy in soil and are consistent with their widespread distribution and abundance.

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Panyushkina, Anna, Natalya Fomchenko, Vladislav Babenko, and Maxim Muravyov. "Effect of Temperature on Biobeneficiation of Bulk Copper-Nickel Concentrate with Thermoacidophilic Microbial Communities." Metals 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11121969.

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Bioleaching of the bulk copper–nickel sulfide concentrate was proposed as a method to remove nickel from it and to obtain a concentrate containing copper as chalcopyrite. This approach is based on the different refractoriness of sulfide minerals in ferric sulfate solutions and oxidation by acidophilic microorganisms. The bulk concentrate contained 10.8% copper in the form of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and 7.2% nickel that occurred in pentlandite ((Ni,Fe)9S8) and violarite (FeNi2S4). Three microbial communities grown at 35, 40, and 50 °C were used for bioleaching. The microbial community at 40 °C was the most diverse in the genus and species composition. At all temperatures of the process, the key roles in bioleaching belonged to mixotrophic and heterotrophic acidophiles. The highest levels of nickel leaching of 97.2 and 96.3% were observed in the case of communities growing at 40 and 50 °C, respectively. At the same time, the bioleach residue, which could be characterized as a marketable high-grade copper (chalcopyrite) concentrate, was obtained only at 40 °C. This solid contained 15.6% copper and 0.54% nickel. Thus, the biobeneficiation of bulk sulfide concentrates can be a promising field of biohydrometallurgy.

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Chakrabarti, B. K., and P. C. Banerjee. "Surface hydrophobicity of acidophilic heterotrophic bacterial cells in relation to their adhesion on minerals." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-117.

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The cell-surface hydrophobicity of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria originating from mines varied with the pH of the suspending medium and with the growth temperature. Adhesion of these bacterial cells on mineral particles depended upon the hydrophobic (or hydrophilic) nature of both the cells and the minerals. A strong correlation between these properties was usually observed at different pH values of the suspending medium. At a certain pH value, bacterial attachment depended upon the particle size of the minerals. Key words: hydrophobicity, acidophilic bacteria, Acidiphilium cryptum, Acidiphilium symbioticum, adhesion, manganese nodule, chalcopyrite, iron pyrite.

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Panyushkina, Anna, Aleksandr Bulaev, and Aleksandr V. Belyi. "Unraveling the Central Role of Sulfur-Oxidizing Acidiphilium multivorum LMS in Industrial Bioprocessing of Gold-Bearing Sulfide Concentrates." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050984.

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Acidiphilium multivorum LMS is an acidophile isolated from industrial bioreactors during the processing of the gold-bearing pyrite-arsenopyrite concentrate at 38–42 °C. Most strains of this species are obligate organoheterotrophs that do not use ferrous iron or reduced sulfur compounds as energy sources. However, the LMS strain was identified as one of the predominant sulfur oxidizers in acidophilic microbial consortia. In addition to efficient growth under strictly heterotrophic conditions, the LMS strain proved to be an active sulfur oxidizer both in the presence or absence of organic compounds. Interestingly, Ac. multivorum LMS was able to succeed more common sulfur oxidizers in microbial populations, which indicated a previously underestimated role of this bacterium in industrial bioleaching operations. In this study, the first draft genome of the sulfur-oxidizing Ac. multivorum was sequenced and annotated. Based on the functional genome characterization, sulfur metabolism pathways were reconstructed. The LMS strain possessed a complicated multi-enzyme system to oxidize elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfide, and sulfite to sulfate as the final product. Altogether, the phenotypic description and genome analysis unraveled a crucial role of Ac. multivorum in some biomining processes and revealed unique strain-specific characteristics, including the ars genes conferring arsenic resistance, which are similar to those of phylogenetically distinct microorganisms.

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Bhattacharyya, S., P. C. Banerjee, and P. K. Das. "Properties of membrane-bound ATPase of some acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria." Folia Microbiologica 38, no. 1 (February 1993): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02814546.

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Hamamura, Natsuko, Sarah H. Olson, David M. Ward, and William P. Inskeep. "Diversity and Functional Analysis of Bacterial Communities Associated with Natural Hydrocarbon Seeps in Acidic Soils at Rainbow Springs, Yellowstone National Park." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 10 (October 2005): 5943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.10.5943-5950.2005.

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ABSTRACT In this paper we describe the bacterial communities associated with natural hydrocarbon seeps in nonthermal soils at Rainbow Springs, Yellowstone National Park. Soil chemical analysis revealed high sulfate concentrations and low pH values (pH 2.8 to 3.8), which are characteristic of acid-sulfate geothermal activity. The hydrocarbon composition of the seep soils consisted almost entirely of saturated, acyclic alkanes (e.g., n-alkanes with chain lengths of C15 to C30, as well as branched alkanes, predominately pristane and phytane). Bacterial populations present in the seep soils were phylogenetically characterized by 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. The majority of the sequences recovered (>75%) were related to sequences of heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria, including Acidisphaera spp. and Acidiphilium spp. of the α-Proteobacteria. Clones related to the iron- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithotroph Acidithiobacillus spp. were also recovered from one of the seep soils. Hydrocarbon-amended soil-sand mixtures were established to examine [14C]hexadecane mineralization and corresponding changes in the bacterial populations using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Approximately 50% of the [14C]hexadecane added was recovered as 14CO2 during an 80-day incubation, and this was accompanied by detection of heterotrophic acidophile-related sequences as dominant DGGE bands. An alkane-degrading isolate was cultivated, whose 16S rRNA gene sequence was identical to the sequence of a dominant DGGE band in the soil-sand mixture, as well as the clone sequence recovered most frequently from the original soil. This and the presence of an alkB gene homolog in this isolate confirmed the alkane degradation capability of one population indigenous to acidic hydrocarbon seep soils.

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Gurung, Anirudra, and Ranadhir Chakraborty. "The role ofAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidansin alleviating the inhibitory effect of thiosulfate on the growth of acidophilicAcidiphiliumspecies isolated from acid mine drainage samples from Garubathan, India." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 9 (September 2009): 1040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-062.

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Several acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic and heterotrophic strains were isolated from acid mine drainage samples from Garubathan, West Bengal, India. The strains, chemolithoautotrophic DK6.1 and heterotrophic DKAP1.1, used in this study were assigned to the species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidiphilium cryptum , respectively. Unamended filtered and subsequently autoclaved elemental sulfur spent medium of A. ferrooxidans was used as the medium to study heterotrophic growth of A. cryptum DKAP1.1. While characterizing the heterotrophic strain, an inhibitory effect of thiosulfate on A. cryptum DKAP1.1 was identified. The lethality of thiosulfate broth was directly related to the concentration of thiosulfate in the medium. Nonviability of A. cryptum DKAP1.1 in the presence of thiosulfate was alleviated by A. ferrooxidans DK6.1 in co-culture. Microbiological data on a positive growth effect for A. ferrooxidans DK6.1 caused by co-culturing in solid media in the presence of A. cryptum DKAP1.1 is also presented.

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Benidire, Leila, Sofia I. A. Pereira, Souad Loqman, Paula M. L. Castro, and Ali Boularbah. "Physical, Chemical, and Microbiological Characterization of Kettara Mine Tailings, Morocco." Soil Systems 6, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6010023.

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The mining industry is of major importance to Morocco’s economy. However, the abandoned pyritic mines are a source of potentially toxic elements that can cause the disruption of the surrounding ecosystems, constituting a huge threat to wellbeing and human health. The present study aimed to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of different types of tailings and to investigate the microbial populations of acidophilic bacteria involved in the oxidation of pyrite. Coarse and fine tailings collected from different zones of the mine (dike and pond) at two different depths (oxidized and non-oxidized residues) were analyzed for their pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P, major elements, and pseudo-total metal concentrations. The abundance of acidophilic bacteria was determined, and some acidophilic bacterial strains were isolated and tested for their metal tolerance. Tailings showed a pH ≈ 2, very low nutritional content, and high concentrations of Cu, As, Zn, and Pb, which were higher in the non-oxidized samples. The microbial counts of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were higher than heterotrophic bacteria, with the highest numbers detected in the oxidized fine tailings. The five acidophilic bacteria isolated from the tailings were affiliated to genera Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus, commonly found in this kind of environment.

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KISHIMOTO, NORIAKI, and TATSUO TANO. "Acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria isolated from acidic mine drainage, sewage, and soils." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 33, no. 1 (1987): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.33.11.

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32

Nancucheo, Ivan, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Characteristics of an Iron-Reducing, Moderately Acidophilic Actinobacterium Isolated from Pyritic Mine Waste, and Its Potential Role in Mitigating Mineral Dissolution in Mineral Tailings Deposits." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8070990.

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Reactive pyritic mine tailings can be populated by chemolithotrophic prokaryotes that enhance the solubilities of many metals, though iron-reducing heterotrophic microorganisms can inhibit the environmental risk posed by tailings by promoting processes that are the reverse of those carried out by pyrite-oxidising autotrophic bacteria. A strain (IT2) of Curtobacterium ammoniigenes, a bacterium not previously identified as being associated with acidic mine wastes, was isolated from pyritic mine tailings and partially characterized. Strain IT2 was able to reduce ferric iron under anaerobic conditions, but was not found to catalyse the oxidation of ferrous iron or elemental (zero-valent) sulfur, and was an obligate heterotrophic. It metabolized monosaccharides and required small amounts of yeast extract for growth. Isolate IT2 is a mesophilic bacterium, with a temperature growth optimum of 30 °C and is moderately acidophilic, growing optimally at pH 4.0 and between pH 2.7 and 5.0. The isolate tolerated elevated concentrations of many transition metals, and was able to grow in the cell-free spent medium of the acidophilic autotroph Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, supporting the hypothesis that it can proliferate in acidic mine tailings. Its potential role in mitigating the production of acidic, metal-rich drainage waters from mine wastes is discussed.

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Lobos, J. H., T. E. Chisolm, L. H. Bopp, and D. S. Holmes. "Acidiphilium organovorum sp. nov., an Acidophilic Heterotroph Isolated from a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Culture." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 36, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-36-2-139.

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34

Jones, Rose M., Sabrina Hedrich, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Acidocella aromatica sp. nov.: an acidophilic heterotrophic alphaproteobacterium with unusual phenotypic traits." Extremophiles 17, no. 5 (July 25, 2013): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-013-0566-0.

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35

Tan, Li, Xiao Yun Zhang, Tian Liang Cao, Dong Ying Gai, and Xue Da Tian. "Isolation and Identification of a New Strain Acidophilic Heterotrophic Bacteria from Stone Coal Drainage." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.598.

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A strain of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria named YY-2 was isolated from acid mine drainage collected in Yiyang, Hunan, China. The gram-negative-staining cells of YY-2 were straight long rod, 1.2～2.4 μm in length and 2.3～8.8 μm in diameter; the optimum temperature for growth was 25°C, the optimum initial pH for growth was 3.5, the optimal salt concentration was 7.5%, the maximum salt concentration was 18%. 16S rDNA gene analyses reveal that YY-2 belongs to Acidiphilium.

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36

Schieferbein, Franziska, Matthias Bauer, Andreas Klingl, and Simone Schopf. "Mineral Specific Biofilm Formation of “Acidibacillus ferrooxidans” Huett2." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.334.

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Recently, a novel acidophilic heterotrophic iron oxidizing bacterium belonging to the newly described genus Acidibacillus (formerly Alicyclobacillus) was isolated from a water drainage ditch in Freiberg, Germany. Bioleaching tests showed that Acidibacillus ferrooxidans Huett2 contributes to the dissolution of minerals. As microbe-mineral interactions play a crucial role in nature and enhance the reaction kinetics of the mineral dissolution, attachment of Ab. ferrooxidans Huett2 on the sulfide minerals pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and chalcocite (Cu2S) is in the focus of our current investigations.

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Chiacchiarini, P., L. Lavalle, Alejandra Giaveno, and Edgardo R. Donati. "Acidophilic Microorganisms from Geothermal Copahue Volcano System. Assessment of Biotechnological Applications." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.87.

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This work presents an overview of the physicochemical and biological studies carried out along Rio Agrio and in different hot springs belonging to the geothermal Copahue volcano system, in Neuquén Argentina. This is an extreme environment characterized by wide ranges of temperature, pH (<1 to 8) and heavy metals concentration. In these extreme conditions chemolitho-autotrophic bacteria, archaea, heterotrophic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were detected. Members of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidianus spp., among others, were successfully cultivated and physiological properties of different isolates were determined. Additionally, bioleaching and biooxidation of regional ores were carried out using mixed native cultures.

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Pakshirajan, K. "Surface Hydrophobicity of an Acidophilic Heterotrophic Bacterium of Mine Origin under Metal Stress." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.362.

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Cell surface hydropobicity plays a significant role in microbe-mineral interactions with special relevance of bioleaching. The present investigation envisages a study on the hydrophobic character of Acidiphilium symbioticum KM2, an acidophilic strain of bioleaching environment, when grown in presence of heavy metals - copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel. The metals, at its sub inhibitory concentrations (MIC50), exhibited profound negative effect on the growth of the bacterium. Inhibition on the culture growth rate was highest due to cadmium followed by zinc, nickel and copper. However, upon successive adaptation in different concentrations of each metal in ascending order, the cells could grow rapidly in the presence of higher concentrations of the metals indicating good metal resistance by the bacterium. Compared to normally grown cells, A. symbioticum KM2, when grown in presence of the metals, became more hydrophobic, which was dependent on the metal and its concentration in the media. Among the four metals studied, the effect of copper was found to be the highest, where up to 74 % increase in the bacterial cell hydrophobicity was observed.

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Johnson, D. B., M. A. Ghauri, and M. F. Said. "Isolation and characterization of an acidophilic, heterotrophic bacterium capable of oxidizing ferrous iron." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, no. 5 (1992): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.5.1423-1428.1992.

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Singh, Samarendra K., and Pataki C. Banerjee. "High-yielding plasmid extraction method from acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria of the genus Acidiphilium." Analytical Biochemistry 356, no. 2 (September 2006): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2006.06.016.

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Pronk, J. T., P. J. W. Meesters, J. P. van Dijken, P. Bos, and J. G. Kuenen. "Heterotrophic growth of Thiobacillus acidophilus in batch and chemostat cultures." Archives of Microbiology 153, no. 4 (March 1990): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00249011.

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42

Hallberg, Kevin B., Kris Coupland, Sakurako Kimura, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Macroscopic Streamer Growths in Acidic, Metal-Rich Mine Waters in North Wales Consist of Novel and Remarkably Simple Bacterial Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 3 (March 2006): 2022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.3.2022-2030.2006.

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ABSTRACT The microbial composition of acid streamers (macroscopic biofilms) in acidic, metal-rich waters in two locations (an abandoned copper mine and a chalybeate spa) in north Wales was studied using cultivation-based and biomolecular techniques. Known chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic acidophiles were readily isolated from disrupted streamers, but they accounted for only <1 to 7% of the total microorganisms present. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that 80 to 90% of the microbes in both types of streamers were β-Proteobacteria. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the streamers suggested that a single bacterial species was dominant in the copper mine streamers, while two distinct bacteria (one of which was identical to the bacterium found in the copper mine streamers) accounted for about 90% of the streamers in the spa water. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries showed that the β-proteobacterium found in both locations was closely related to a clone detected previously in acid mine drainage in California and that its closest characterized relatives were neutrophilic ammonium oxidizers. Using a modified isolation technique, this bacterium was isolated from the copper mine streamers and shown to be a novel acidophilic autotrophic iron oxidizer. The β-proteobacterium found only in the spa streamers was closely related to the neutrophilic iron oxidizer Gallionella ferruginea. FISH analysis using oligonucleotide probes that targeted the two β-proteobacteria confirmed that the biodiversity of the streamers in both locations was very limited. The microbial compositions of the acid streamers found at the two north Wales sites are very different from the microbial compositions of the previously described acid streamers found at Iron Mountain, California, and the Rio Tinto, Spain.

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Dedysh, Svetlana N., Peter Ricke, and Werner Liesack. "NifH and NifD phylogenies: an evolutionary basis for understanding nitrogen fixation capabilities of methanotrophic bacteria." Microbiology 150, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26585-0.

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The ability to utilize dinitrogen as a nitrogen source is an important phenotypic trait in most currently known methanotrophic bacteria (MB). This trait is especially important for acidophilic MB, which inhabit acidic oligotrophic environments, highly depleted in available nitrogen compounds. Phylogenetically, acidophilic MB are most closely related to heterotrophic dinitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Beijerinckia. To further explore the phylogenetic linkage between these metabolically different organisms, the sequences of nifH and nifD gene fragments from acidophilic MB of the genera Methylocella and Methylocapsa, and from representatives of Beijerinckia, were determined. For reference, nifH and nifD sequences were also obtained from some type II MB of the alphaproteobacterial Methylosinus/Methylocystis group and from gammaproteobacterial type I MB. The trees constructed for the inferred amino acid sequences of nifH and nifD were highly congruent. The phylogenetic relationships among MB in the NifH and NifD trees also agreed well with the corresponding 16S rRNA-based phylogeny, except for two distinctive features. First, different methods used for phylogenetic analysis grouped the NifH and NifD sequences of strains of the gammaproteobacterial MB Methylococcus capsulatus within a clade mainly characterized by Alphaproteobacteria, including acidophilic MB and type II MB of the Methylosinus/Methylocystis group. From this and other genomic data from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, it is proposed that an ancient event of lateral gene transfer was responsible for this aberrant branching. Second, the identity values of NifH and NifD sequences between Methylocapsa acidiphila B2 and representatives of Beijerinckia were clearly higher (98·5 and 96·6 %, respectively) than would be expected from their 16S rRNA-based relationships. Possibly, these two bacteria originated from a common acidophilic dinitrogen-fixing ancestor, and were subject to similar evolutionary pressure with regard to nitrogen acquisition. This interpretation is corroborated by the observation that, in contrast to most other diazotrophs, M. acidiphila B2 and Beijerinckia spp. are capable of active growth on nitrogen-free media under fully aerobic conditions.

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Okamoto, Rei, Hisaya Kojima, and Manabu Fukui. "Acidocella aquatica sp. nov., a novel acidophilic heterotrophic bacterium isolated from a freshwater lake." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 4773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002376.

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Banerjee, P. C., M. K. Ray, Cathrin Koch, Saswati Bhattacharyya, S. Shivaji, and E. Stackebrandt. "Molecular Characterization of Two Acidophilic Heterotrophic Bacteria Isolated from a Copper Mine of India." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 19, no. 1 (March 1996): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(96)80013-0.

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Okabe, Satoshi, Mitsunori Odagiri, Tsukasa Ito, and Hisashi Satoh. "Succession of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Microbial Community on Corroding Concrete in Sewer Systems." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02054-06.

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ABSTRACT Microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC) in sewer systems has been a serious problem for a long time. A better understanding of the succession of microbial community members responsible for the production of sulfuric acid is essential for the efficient control of MICC. In this study, the succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the bacterial community on corroding concrete in a sewer system in situ was investigated over 1 year by culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based molecular techniques. Results revealed that at least six phylotypes of SOB species were involved in the MICC process, and the predominant SOB species shifted in the following order: Thiothrix sp., Thiobacillus plumbophilus, Thiomonas intermedia, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, Acidiphilium acidophilum, and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. A. thiooxidans, a hyperacidophilic SOB, was the most dominant (accounting for 70% of EUB338-mixed probe-hybridized cells) in the heavily corroded concrete after 1 year. This succession of SOB species could be dependent on the pH of the concrete surface as well as on trophic properties (e.g., autotrophic or mixotrophic) and on the ability of the SOB to utilize different sulfur compounds (e.g., H2S, S0, and S2O3 2−). In addition, diverse heterotrophic bacterial species (e.g., halo-tolerant, neutrophilic, and acidophilic bacteria) were associated with these SOB. The microbial succession of these microorganisms was involved in the colonization of the concrete and the production of sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the vertical distribution of microbial community members revealed that A. thiooxidans was the most dominant throughout the heavily corroded concrete (gypsum) layer and that A. thiooxidans was most abundant at the highest surface (1.5-mm) layer and decreased logarithmically with depth because of oxygen and H2S transport limitations. This suggested that the production of sulfuric acid by A. thiooxidans occurred mainly on the concrete surface and the sulfuric acid produced penetrated through the corroded concrete layer and reacted with the sound concrete below.

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Bridge, Toni A. M., and D. Barrie Johnson. "Reduction of Soluble Iron and Reductive Dissolution of Ferric Iron-Containing Minerals by Moderately Thermophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2181-2186.1998.

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ABSTRACT Five moderately thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria, including representative strains of the three classified species (Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, Sulfobacillus acidophilus, and Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans), were shown to be capable of reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron when they were grown under oxygen limitation conditions. Iron reduction was most readily observed when the isolates were grown as mixotrophs or heterotrophs with glycerol as an electron donor; in addition, some strains were able to couple the oxidation of tetrathionate to the reduction of ferric iron. Cycling of iron between the ferrous and ferric states was observed during batch culture growth in unshaken flasks incubated under aerobic conditions, although the patterns of oxidoreduction of iron varied in different species of iron-oxidizing moderate thermophiles and in strains of a single species (S. acidophilus). All three bacterial species were able to grow anaerobically with ferric iron as a sole electron acceptor; the growth yields correlated with the amount of ferric iron reduced when the isolates were grown in the absence of oxygen. One of the moderate thermophiles (identified as a strain of S. acidophilus) was able to bring about the reductive dissolution of three ferric iron-containing minerals (ferric hydroxide, jarosite, and goethite) when it was grown under restricted aeration conditions with glycerol as a carbon and energy source. The significance of iron reduction by moderately thermophilic iron oxidizers in both environmental and applied contexts is discussed.

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Coupland, Kris, and David Barrie Johnson. "Evidence that the potential for dissimilatory ferric iron reduction is widespread among acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria." FEMS Microbiology Letters 279, no. 1 (February 2008): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00998.x.

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Sloth, Jenni K., Marilyn G. Wiebe, and Niels T. Eriksen. "Accumulation of phycocyanin in heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures of the acidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 38, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.05.010.

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Beolchini, Francesca, Antonio Dell’Anno, Luciano De Propris, Stefano Ubaldini, Federico Cerrone, and Roberto Danovaro. "Auto- and heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria enhance the bioremediation efficiency of sediments contaminated by heavy metals." Chemosphere 74, no. 10 (March 2009): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.057.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Acidophilic heterotrophs'

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