Journal articles: 'Acido Gadoxetico'

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Koh, Dow-Mu, Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah, Giuseppe Brancatelli, Ghaneh Fananapazir, M. Isabel Fiel, Satoshi Goshima, Sheng-Hong Ju, et al. "Consensus report from the 9th International Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging: applications of gadoxetic acid-enhanced imaging." European Radiology 31, no. 8 (February 1, 2021): 5615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07637-4.

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Abstract Objectives The 9th International Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was held in Singapore in September 2019, bringing together radiologists and allied specialists to discuss the latest developments in and formulate consensus statements for liver MRI, including the applications of gadoxetic acid–enhanced imaging. Methods As at previous Liver Forums, the meeting was held over 2 days. Presentations by the faculty on days 1 and 2 and breakout group discussions on day 1 were followed by delegate voting on consensus statements presented on day 2. Presentations and discussions centered on two main meeting themes relating to the use of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI in primary liver cancer and metastatic liver disease. Results and conclusions Gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI offers the ability to monitor response to systemic therapy and to assist in pre-surgical/pre-interventional planning in liver metastases. In hepatocellular carcinoma, gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI provides precise staging information for accurate treatment decision-making and follow-up post therapy. Gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI also has potential, currently investigational, indications for the functional assessment of the liver and the biliary system. Additional voting sessions at the Liver Forum debated the role of multidisciplinary care in the management of patients with liver disease, evidence to support the use of abbreviated imaging protocols, and the importance of standardizing nomenclature in international guidelines in order to increase the sharing of scientific data and improve the communication between centers. Key Points • Gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI is the preferred imaging method for pre-surgical or pre-interventional planning for liver metastases after systemic therapy. • Gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI provides accurate staging of HCC before and after treatment with locoregional/biologic therapies. • Abbreviated protocols for gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI offer potential time and cost savings, but more evidence is necessary. The use of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI for the assessment of liver and biliary function is under active investigation.

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Tsuboyama, Takahiro, Gregor Jost, Tonsok Kim, Masatoshi Hori, Hiromitsu Onishi, Hubertus Pietsch, and Noriyuki Tomiyama. "Experimental studies on artifacts and tumor enhancement on gadoxetic acid-enhanced arterial phase liver MRI in a rabbit VX2 tumor model." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 9 (December 13, 2017): 1029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117747134.

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Background Rapid injection of gadoxetic acid is reported to produce more frequent artifacts and lower vascular enhancement on arterial phase liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, its effect on tumor enhancement and the mechanism of the artifacts remain unclear. Purpose To evaluate the effect of rapid injection of gadoxetic acid on artifacts and tumor enhancement during arterial phase liver MRI, and on arterial blood gases (ABGs) which may explain the cause of the artifacts. Material and Methods ABG analysis was performed in 13 free-breathing rabbits after rapid injection (1 mL/s; injection time = 0.6–0.8 s) of gadoxetic acid (0.025 mmol/kg). Dynamic liver MRI was performed in six anesthetized rabbits with VX2 tumors under a ventilation stoppage after rapid and slow injection (0.25 mL/s; injection time = 2.4–3.2 s) of gadoxetic acid. Artifacts and signal enhancement on arterial phase imaging were compared with those obtained after rapid injection of gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg) using a Friedman test or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results ABG analysis did not find any significant changes. Artifacts were not related to injection protocols ( P = 0.95). Aortic enhancement with slow injection of gadoxetic acid was significantly higher than that with rapid injection ( P < 0.05), and was comparable to that with Gd-DTPA injection. Tumor enhancement obtained with gadoxetic acid was not significantly different between rapid and slow injection, and was significantly lower than that with Gd-DTPA injection ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Rapid injection of gadoxetic acid did not affect ABGs and may not be the cause of the artifacts. It lowered vascular enhancement but not arterial tumor enhancement.

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Seidensticker, Max, Ingo G. Steffen, Irene Bargellini, Thomas Berg, Alberto Benito, Bernhard Gebauer, Roberto Iezzi, et al. "Gadoxetic Acid-Based MRI for Decision-Making in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Employing Perfusion Criteria Only—A Post Hoc Analysis from the SORAMIC Trial Diagnostic Cohort." Current Oncology 29, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29020051.

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The value of gadoxetic acid in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), based on perfusion criteria, is under dispute. This post-hoc analysis of the prospective, phase II, randomized, controlled SORAMIC study compared the accuracy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (arterial, portovenous, and venous phase only) versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for stratifying patients with HCC to curative ablation or palliative treatment. Two reader groups (radiologists, R1 and R2) performed blind reads of CT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (contrast dynamics only). A truth panel, with access to clinical and imaging follow-up data, served as reference. Primary endpoint was non-inferiority (margin: 5% points) of MRI vs. CT (lower 95% confidence interval [CI] > 0.75) in a first step and superiority (complete 95% CI > 1) in a second step. The intent-to-treat population comprised 538 patients. Accuracy of treatment decisions was 73.4% and 70.8% for CT (R1 and R2, respectively) and 75.1% and 70.3% for gadoxetic acid-enhanced dynamic MRI. Non-inferiority but not superiority of gadoxetic acid-enhanced dynamic MRI versus CT was demonstrated (odds ratio 1.01; CI 0.97–1.05). Despite a theoretical disadvantage in wash-out depiction, gadoxetic acid-enhanced dynamic MRI is non-inferior to CT in accuracy of treatment decisions for curative ablation versus palliative strategies. This outcome was not subject to the use of additional MR standard sequences.

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Bai, Chongxin, Kewen Liu, Shi Chen, Zhao Li, Weida Xie, Qingjia Bao, and Chaoyang Liu. "Dual-domain unsupervised network for removing motion artifact related to Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2258, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2258/1/012037.

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Abstract The transient severe motion may cause severe image degradation during gadoxetic acid-enhanced arterial phase imaging. This work proposes a new dual-domain unsupervised motion artifacts disentanglement network for motion correction related to gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. We assume that motion-free images and motion-corrupted images belong to the different domains, then the motion correction is converted to the image-to-image translation problem. The image-to-image translation within the same domain is designed to constrain autoencoders to learn the feature representation. And the cross-domain translation explores the cycle consistency in the absence of paired images. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively reduce artifacts in the gadoxetic acid-enhanced images.

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Kаrmаzаnovsky, G. G., and A. A. Volobueva. "Pharmacoeconomic Study on the Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Gadoxetic Acid in Addition to Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine 102, no. 5 (November 17, 2021): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2021-102-5-284-295.

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Objective: to evaluate pharmacoeconomic advantages of the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent – gadoxetic acid in addition to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Material and methods. We performed the modeling and obtained the results of the pharmacoeconomic study: effectiveness analysis, cost analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis. The cost analysis included only direct medical costs (the cost of contrast-enhanced CT, gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) for MRI, and therapy per a patient with verified HCC diagnosis after diagnostic procedures). The financing was performed from the Compulsary Health Insurance Fund. The calculations were made per 1 patient.Results. The effectiveness analysis showed that the diagnostic scheme CT + MRI with gadoxetic acid was the most effective complex for the diagnosis of HCC because its application provided 50% of patients with 5-year overall survival (4.8 years), which was significantly higher than in patients who were diagnosed HCC with CT + MRI with extracellular GBCA (2.3 years) or CT (3.7 years). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the diagnostic scheme with gadoxetic acid was dominant because each disability-adjusted life year required fewer costs (14 862 rubles) in comparison with CT + MRI with extracellular GBCA (25 293 rubles) or CT (46 540 rubles). According to the results of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio analysis, the application of the diagnostic complex with gadoxetic acid was characterized by the lowest rate of additional costs per 1 disability-adjusted life year.Conclusion. The pharmacoeconomic study showed that the application of MRI with a hepatospecific contrasting agent – gadoxetic acid in addition to contrast-enhanced CT was an effective and economically beneficial method of early HCC diagnosis.

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Kim, Ka Eun, Dong Hyun Sinn, Moon Seok Choi, and Honsoul Kim. "Outcomes of patients presenting with elevated tumor marker levels but negative gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI after a complete response to hepatocellular carcinoma treatment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): e0262750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262750.

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Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients usually achieve a complete response after treatment. This study was aimed to assess the clinical outcome of HCC patients who had achieved a complete response but later presented with elevated tumor marker levels without an identifiable recurrent tumor on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcome of 58 HCC treated patients who had achieved a complete response but later was referred to our institution’s multidisciplinary tumor board for a clinically suspected hidden HCC recurrence based on elevated tumor marker levels but negative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. The imaging studies, tumor markers, and clinical information were reviewed. The total follow-up period was at least 15 months after the initial negative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Results Follow-up imaging studies detected an HCC lesion in 89.7% (n = 52/58) of the patients within the study period, and approximately half of the tumors (46.2%, n = 24/52) developed within 3 months. The most frequent site of recurrence was the liver (86.5%; n = 45/52), but extra-hepatic metastasis was also common (19.2%; n = 10/52). In 5.8% (n = 3/52), HCC reoccurred in the combined form of intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic recurrence. Extra-hepatic metastasis alone occurred in 13.5% (n = 7/52) of patients. Conclusions HCC frequently recurred within a short interval in patients who achieved a complete response to treatment in the presence of increased tumor marker levels, even if gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was negative. Under such circumstances, we suggest a short-term follow-up including, but not limited to, gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI along with systemic evaluation.

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Besa, Cecilia, Suguru Kakite, Nancy Cooper, Marcelo Facciuto, and Bachir Taouli. "Comparison of gadoxetic acid and gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI for HCC detection: prospective crossover study at 3 T." Acta Radiologica Open 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 204798161456128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047981614561285.

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Background Gadoxetic acid and gadopentetate dimeglumine are gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) with an established role in HCC detection and characterization. Purpose To compare gadopentetate dimeglumine and gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for image quality and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection/conspicuity. Material and Methods In this IRB approved cross-over pilot prospective study, 12 patients (all men; mean age, 56 years) with chronic liver disease at risk of HCC underwent two repeat MRI examinations using gadopentetate dimeglumine and gadoxetic acid (mean interval between studies, 5 days). Two independent observers analyzed images for image quality and HCC detection/conspicuity. Per-lesion sensitivity, positive predictive value, quantitative enhancement, and lesion-to-liver contrast ratio were calculated for both contrast agents. Results There was no significant difference in image quality scores between both GBCAs ( P = 0.3). A total of 20 HCCs were identified with reference standard in 12 patients (mean size 2.6 cm, range, 1.0–5.0 cm). Higher sensitivity was seen for observer 1 for gadoxetic acid-set in comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine-set (sensitivity increased from 85.7% to 92.8%), while no difference was noted for observer 2 (sensitivity of 78.5%). Lesion conspicuity was significantly higher on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images compared to arterial phase images with both GBCAs for both observers ( P < 0.05). Lesion-to-liver contrast ratios were significantly higher for HBP compared to all dynamic phases for both agents ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Our initial experience suggests that gadoxetic acid-set was superior to gadopentetate dimeglumine-set in terms of HCC detection for one observer, with improved lesion conspicuity and liver-to-lesion contrast on HBP images.

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Lomovtseva, Karina K., and G. G. Karmazanovsky. "The possibility of applying magnetic resonance imaging with hepatospecific contrast agent." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 96, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-3-213-221.

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Nowadays, it is difficult to overestimate the role of cross-sectional imaging in the diagnosis of focal and diffuse liver diseases. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) there is a unique opportunity to use hepatospecific contrast agents compared with other visualization techniques. Gadoxetic acid is a hepatospecific magnetic resonance contrast agent which has the extracellular contrast agent properties and hepatotropic property. About half of the administered dose of gadoxetic acid enters into functioning hepatocytes through cell membrane transporters and then is excreted into the bile ducts and sinusoidal space. The obtained hepatobiliary phase provides information about the structural features of the focal liver lesions, improving their detection and differential diagnosis. In addition it allows to assess the anatomical and functional conditions of the hepatobiliary system. This article describes clinical applications of MRI with gadoxetic acid and its benefits, visualization principles of different focal liver lesions in hepatobiliary phase and features of the obtained images.

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Ribeiro, Bruno Jucá, Aldo Maurici Araújo Alves, Rafael Santiago de Oliveira, Fernanda Velloni, and Giuseppe D’Ippolito. "The role of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography in the evaluation of postoperative bile duct injury: pictorial essay." Radiologia Brasileira 52, no. 6 (December 2019): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0089.

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Abstract Iatrogenic lesion of the bile ducts is a relatively common occurrence during liver surgery, increasing morbidity and mortality rates. T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography and gadoxetic acid-enhanced functional magnetic resonance cholangiography (fMRC) with administration of hepatobiliary-specific contrast medium (gadoxetic acid) are fundamental to the diagnostic imaging approach in patients with such lesions. Here, we present a review of the literature and suggest an imaging approach to biliary tract injury, focusing on clinical cases in which fMRC had an impact on the decision-making process for the management of the affected patients.

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Renzulli, Matteo, Alfredo Clemente, Anna Maria Ierardi, Irene Pettinari, Francesco Tovoli, Stefano Brocchi, Giuliano Peta, Salvatore Cappabianca, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, and Rita Golfieri. "Imaging of Colorectal Liver Metastases: New Developments and Pending Issues." Cancers 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010151.

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Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 18-fluorideoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) are historically the most accurate imaging techniques for diagnosing liver metastases. Recently, the combination of diffusion-weighted imaging and hepatospecific contrast media, such as gadoxetic acid in MRI, have been demonstrated to have the highest diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting liver metastases. Various recent meta-analyses have confirmed the diagnostic superiority of this combination (diffusion-weighted imaging and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI), especially in terms of per lesion sensitivity, as compared with CT and 18FDG-PET, even for smaller lesions (≤1 cm). However, none of the oncological guidelines have suggested the use of MRI as a first-line technique for liver metastasis detection during the staging process of oncological patients. This review analyzes the history of the principal imaging techniques for the diagnosis of liver metastases, in particular of colorectal liver metastases, focusing on the most accurate method (diffusion-weighted imaging combined with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI), possible reasons for the lack of its diffusion in the guidelines, and possible future scenarios.

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Qiong, Lan, Zhao Jie, Zheng Zhong, Sheng Wen, Zhao Jun, Lu Liping, and Cheng Jinkui. "Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in a population at risk: iodine-enhanced multidetector CT and/or gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e058461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058461.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of iodine-enhanced multidetector CT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 Tesla (T) MRI for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma of patients.DesignRetrospective, multicentre cohort study.SettingThe Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, China and the First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou City, China.ParticipantsReports of CT, MRI and liver biopsies/histopathology data of a total of 815 patients who at risk were reviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe lesions that possessed detection in the plain scan phase, enhanced arterial phase and/or enhanced portal phase of CT images and the lesions that possessed enhancements in the plain scan phase, enhanced arterial phase, enhanced portal phase and/or hepatobiliary phases of MRI were considered hepatocellular carcinoma. The decision of hepatocellular carcinoma was made based on the current Liver Imaging and Data Reporting System for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma.ResultsTrue positive hepatocellular carcinoma (563 vs 521, p=0.0314), true negative hepatocellular carcinoma (122 vs 91, p=0.0275), false positive hepatocellular carcinoma (88 vs 123, p=0.0121), false negative hepatocellular carcinoma (42 vs 80, p=0.0005), specificity (58.10 vs 42.52, p=0.0478) and negative clinical utility (0.1 vs 0.073, p=0.0386) were superior for gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI than those of iodine-enhanced multidetector CT. Sensitivity and accuracy for gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI were 93.06% and 77.40 %, respectively, and those for iodine-enhanced multidetector CT were 86.69% and 75.09 %, respectively. Likelihood to detect hepatocellular carcinoma for gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI was 0–0.894 diagnostic confidence/lesion, and that for iodine-enhanced multidetector CT was 0–0.887 diagnostic confidence/lesion.ConclusionGadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI facilitates the confidence of initiation of treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Level of evidenceIII.Technical efficacy stage4.

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Kаrmаzаnovsky, G. G., and M. Yu Shantarevich. "The review of international clinical guidelines and clinical trial results for the diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) for the period 2014–2020." Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery 26, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2021112-24.

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The purpose of this publication is to analyze international clinical guidelines and clinical trial data on the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and demonstrate the possibilities of using MRI with hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast agent. As well as an evaluation its diagnostic advantages in comparison with other diagnostic methods such as ultrasound, CT and MRI with extracellular contrast agents.Material and methods. Abstracts of 331 scientific articles for the period 2014–2020 were selected in the PubMed information and analytical system for the keywords: “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “US”, “CT”, “MRI”, “gadoxetic acid”. Articles about technical aspects and clinical cases were excluded. After the analysis of full-text articles, 32 publications were selected.Results. The presented review has demonstrated the diagnostic advantages of MRI with hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast agents and a wide range of its application at all stages of care for a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusion. Despite the existing variety of methods for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma, the leading direction in this area is currently MRI with gadoxetic acid. The high diagnostic efficiency of gadoxetic acid makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the imaging and to choose the optimal management for each patient.

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Hui, Cathryn L., and Marcela Mautone. "Patterns of enhancement in the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1112 (August 2020): 20190989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190989.

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A variety of patterns of enhancement of liver lesions and liver parenchyma is observed in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. It is becoming increasingly apparent that many lesions may exhibit HBP enhancement. Much of the literature regarding the role of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in characterising liver lesions is dichotomous, focusing on whether lesions are enhancing or non-enhancing in the HBP, rather than examining the patterns of enhancement. We provide a pattern-based description of HBP enhancement of liver parenchyma and of liver lesions. The role of OATP1B3 transporters, hepatocyte function and lesion composition in influencing patterns of HBP hyperintensity are discussed.

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Kim, Honsoul, and Myeong-Jin Kim. "Hepatic Uptake of Gadoxetic Acid." Radiology 267, no. 1 (April 2013): 314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.13122292.

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Schwope, Ryan B., Lauren A. May, Michael J. Reiter, Christopher J. Lisanti, and Daniel J. A. Margolis. "Gadoxetic acid: pearls and pitfalls." Abdominal Imaging 40, no. 6 (January 23, 2015): 2012–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0354-7.

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Breder, V. V., R. B. Alikhanov, S. S. Bagnenko, E. N. Bessonova, V. A. Isakov, N. E. Kudashkin, B. M. Medvedeva, A. V. Mishchenko, M. S. Novruzbekov, and V. S. Rudakov. "Screening and Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Cancer and Optimization of Diagnostic Imaging Techniques: A Review and Conclusion of the Expert Panel." Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology 32, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-5-16-23.

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Аim: to describe modern approaches for screening and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Key points. Screening for HCC in high-risk groups (cirrhosis of any etiology, patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and patients with F3 liver fibrosis) should be organized as regular (every 6 months) liver ultrasound in combination with determination of the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. At an AFP level of ≥ 20 ng/ml, even in the absence of changes according to ultrasound data, it is advisable to perform MRI with a hepatospecific contrast agent (gadoxetic acid) which makes it possible to detect very small focal liver lesions. If focal liver lesions of 1–2 cm are detected on ultrasound, additional imaging of the liver using MRI with a hepatospecific contrast agent gadoxetic acid helps to identify HCC at an earlier stage or high degree dysplastic nodes. When planning surgical treatment and liver transplantation, it is preferable to use MRI with a hepatospecific contrast agent, since the presence of the hepatobiliary phase may allow the detection of additional smaller focal liver lesions and assess the nature of the focal liver lesion. When a patient is included in the waiting list for liver transplantation, the optimal frequency of liver MRI is 1 time in 3 months.Conclusion. MRI with hepatospecific contrast agent gadoxetic acid is effective in screening, early diagnosis and treatment planning for HCC.

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Steffen, Ingo G., Thomas Weissmann, Jan Holger Rothe, Dominik Geisel, Sascha S. Chopra, Johannes Kahn, Bernd Hamm, and Timm Denecke. "Does Hepatic Steatosis Influence the Detection Rate of Metastases in the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010098.

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The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the influence of hepatic steatosis on the detection rate of metastases in gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 50 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (unenhanced T1w in- and opposed-phase, T2w fat sat, unenhanced 3D-T1w fat sat and 3-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced (uDP), 3D-T1w fat sat hepatobiliary phase (HP)) were retrospectively included. Two blinded observers (O1/O2) independently assessed the images to determine the detection rate in uDP and HP. The hepatic signal fat fraction (HSFF) was determined as the relative signal intensity reduction in liver parenchyma from in- to opposed-phase images. A total of 451 liver metastases were detected (O1/O2, n = 447/411). O1/O2 detected 10.9%/9.3% of lesions exclusively in uDP and 20.2%/15.5% exclusively in HP. Lesions detected exclusively in uDP were significantly associated with a larger HSFF (area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, 0.93; p < 0.001; cutoff, 41.5%). The exclusively HP-positive lesions were significantly associated with a smaller diameter (ROC-AUC, 0.82; p < 0.001; cutoff, 5 mm) and a smaller HSFF (ROC-AUC, 0.61; p < 0.001; cutoff, 13.3%). Gadoxetic acid imaging has the advantage of detecting small occult metastatic liver lesions in the HP. However, using non-optimized standard fat-saturated 3D-T1w protocols, severe steatosis (HSFF > 30%) is a potential pitfall for the detection of metastases in HP.

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Leporq, Benjamin, Jean-Luc Daire, Catherine M. Pastor, Pierre Deltenre, Christine Sempoux, Sabine Schmidt, and Bernard E. Van Beers. "Quantification of hepatic perfusion and hepatocyte function with dynamic gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients with chronic liver disease." Clinical Science 132, no. 7 (April 16, 2018): 813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20171131.

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The purpose of the present study was to develop and perform initial validation of dynamic MRI enhanced with gadoxetic acid as hepatobiliary contrast agent to quantify hepatic perfusion and hepatocyte function in patients with chronic liver disease. Free-breathing, dynamic gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was performed at 3.0 T using a 3D time-resolved angiography sequence with stochastic trajectories during 38 min. A dual-input three-compartment model was developed to derive hepatic perfusion and hepatocyte function parameters. Method feasibility was assessed in 23 patients with biopsy-proven chronic liver disease. Parameter analysis could be performed in 21 patients (91%). The hepatocyte function parameters were more discriminant than the perfusion parameters to differentiate between patients with minimal fibrosis (METAVIR F0–F1), intermediate fibrosis (F2–F3) and cirrhosis (F4). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) to diagnose significant fibrosis (METAVIR F ≥ 2) were: 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87–1; P<0.001) for biliary efflux, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.73–1; P<0.01) for sinusoidal backflux, 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61–1; P<0.05) for hepatocyte uptake fraction and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54–1; P<0.05) for hepatic perfusion index (HPI), respectively. These initial results in patients with chronic liver diseases show that simultaneous quantification of hepatic perfusion and hepatocyte function is feasible with free breathing dynamic gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Hepatocyte function parameters may be relevant to assess liver fibrosis severity.

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Bormann, Renata Lilian, Eduardo Lima da Rocha, Marcelo Longo Kierzenbaum, Bruno Cheregati Pedrassa, Lucas Rios Torres, and Giuseppe D'Ippolito. "The role of gadoxetic acid as a paramagnetic contrast medium in the characterization and detection of focal liver lesions: a review." Radiologia Brasileira 48, no. 1 (February 2015): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2013.1794.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that the use of paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agents in the acquisition of magnetic resonance images remarkably improves the detection and differentiation of focal liver lesions, as compared with extracellular contrast agents. Paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agents initially show the perfusion of the lesions, as do extracellular agents, but delayed contrast-enhanced images can demonstrate contrast uptake by functional hepatocytes, providing further information for a better characterization of the lesions. Additionally, this intrinsic characteristic increases the accuracy in the detection of hepatocellular carcinomas and metastases, particularly the small-sized ones. Recently, a hepatobiliary contrast agent called gadolinium ethoxybenzyl dimeglumine, that is simply known as gadoxetic acid, was approved by the National Health Surveillance Agency for use in humans. The authors present a literature review and a practical approach of magnetic resonance imaging utilizing gadoxetic acid as contrast agent, based on patients' images acquired during their initial experiment.

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Lukianchenko, A. B., B. M. Medvedeva, K. A. Romanova, and G. G. Karmazanovsky. "Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in the detection of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with synchronous malignant tumors." Medical Visualization, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2019-4-50-56.

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The purpose of this case report is to present a value of gadoxetic acid¬enhanced MRI in the detection of an early recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with synchronous multiple malignant tumors. The specific indications of using liver-specific contrast agents were introduced.

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Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki, Shoji Oura, Mariko Honda, and Shinichiro Makimoto. "A Case of Hyperintense Liver Metastases of Breast Cancer in the Hepatobiliary Phase on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Case Reports in Oncology 13, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508995.

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A 64-year-old woman complaining of left arm and breast edema was referred to our hospital. Mammography and ultrasound could not initially show any masses, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed ill-defined small masses in her left breast. Histological examination showed the tumor to be triple-negative breast cancer. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient underwent operation. Postoperative histological examination showed massive cancer remnants in the lymph nodes and lymphatics. Enhanced CT taken at the onset of abdominal pain showed multiple liver masses with ring enhancement 17 months after the operation. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI showed hyperintense masses and presumed broad cancer cell permeation to the liver in the hepatobiliary phase. Due to the histologically proven high lymphatic permeability, metastatic sites, and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI findings, we judged the liver metastases as lymphatic liver metastases. Due to the marked liver dysfunction at the onset of abdominal pain, the patient received best supportive care and died in 4 months.

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Han, Sol Bee, Young Kon Kim, Ji Hye Min, Sang Yun Ha, Woo Kyung Jeong, and Won Jae Lee. "Hepatocellular carcinoma with central scar on gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 4 (July 31, 2017): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117723040.

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Background Central scars are rarely reported in conventional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The presence of central scars on imaging might lead to erroneous diagnosis of hepatic tumors. Purpose To determine imaging features of HCC with central scars on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Material and Methods Fifty-one patients with 51 surgically confirmed HCCs with central scars (fibrotic scar: n = 50; myxoid scar: n = 1; range = 1.2–15 cm; mean = 3.7 cm) underwent liver MRI that consisted of T1- and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging, gadoxetic acid-enhanced arterial, portal, 3-min late phase, and 20-min hepatobiliary phase (HBP), and DWI. Two reviewers evaluated morphology, signal intensity, and enhancement features of tumors and central scars for each image and reached consensus. Results Lobulated contour was seen for 30 tumors (58.8%); the rest were round or oval masses. Central scars (range = 0.2–6.0 cm; mean = 0.9 cm) were most commonly seen as defects within hyperenhancement on arterial phase images (n = 47, 92.2%), bright (n = 28, 54.9%) or dark areas (n = 15, 29.4%) on T2W imaging, areas of central darkness on high b-value DWI (b = 800) (n = 31, 60.8%), and/or central enhancement on HBP (n = 36, 70.6%), mimicking a target appearance. Tumor capsule was seen in 35 (39 pathology, 74.5%) and intratumoral septum in 35 (41 pathology, 78.4%) tumors on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Conclusion Non-fibrolamellar HCC may show central scar. HCC with central scar mimics cholangiocarcinoma by showing a target appearance on HBP and DWI. Tumor capsule and intratumoral septum might be useful for characterizing HCC with central scar.

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Hwang, Jeong Ah, Young Kon Kim, Ji Hye Min, Kyoung Doo Song, Insuk Sohn, and Hyeon Seon Ahn. "Non-contrast liver MRI as an alternative to gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer." Acta Radiologica 60, no. 4 (August 21, 2018): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118788901.

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Background Liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides reliable diagnostic performance for detecting liver metastasis but is costly and time-consuming. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of non-contrast liver MRI to whole MRI using gadoxetic acid for detecting liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Material and Methods We included 175 patients with histologically confirmed 401 liver metastases and 73 benign liver lesions. A non-contrast MRI (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted images) with or without multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and a whole MRI (gadoxetic acid-enhanced and non-contrast MRI) were analyzed independently by two observers to detect liver metastasis using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results We found no significant differences in Az value (range = 0.914–0.997), sensitivity (range = 95.2–99.6%), specificity (range = 77.3–100%), or positive (range = 92.9–100%) or negative predictive value (range = 87.5–95.7%) between the non-contrast MRI with or without MDCT and the whole MRI for both observers for all lesions as well as lesions ≤1.0 cm and lesions >1.0 cm in size ( P = 0.203–1.000). Combined MDCT and non-contrast MRI led to similar numbers of false-positive diagnosis to the whole MRI (eight for Observers 1 and 4 vs. 3 for Observer 2). Conclusion Non-contrast liver MRI may serve as an alternative to gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for detecting and characterizing liver metastasis from CRC, at least in patients with relatively high risk of liver metastasis who underwent MDCT. Non-contrast liver MRI could be beneficial especially for patients with lesions that are already documented as benign but require additional follow-up MRIs.

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Poetter-Lang, Sarah, Nina Bastati, Alina Messner, Antonia Kristic, Alexander Herold, Jacqueline C. Hodge, and Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah. "Quantification of liver function using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI." Abdominal Radiology 45, no. 11 (October 9, 2020): 3532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02779-x.

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Abstract The introduction of hepatobiliary contrast agents, most notably gadoxetic acid (GA), has expanded the role of MRI, allowing not only a morphologic but also a functional evaluation of the hepatobiliary system. The mechanism of uptake and excretion of gadoxetic acid via transporters, such as organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP1,3), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP3, has been elucidated in the literature. Furthermore, GA uptake can be estimated on either static images or on dynamic imaging, for example, the hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) and liver perfusion. GA-enhanced MRI has achieved an important role in evaluating morphology and function in chronic liver diseases (CLD), allowing to distinguish between the two subgroups of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and help to stage fibrosis and cirrhosis, predict liver transplant graft survival, and preoperatively evaluate the risk of liver failure if major resection is planned. Finally, because of its noninvasive nature, GA-enhanced MRI can be used for long-term follow-up and post-treatment monitoring. This review article aims to describe the current role of GA-enhanced MRI in quantifying liver function in a variety of hepatobiliary disorders.

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Hu, Xiaojun, Qiang Wang, Guobing Huang, Xiang He, Ernesto Sparrelid, Torkel B. Brismar, and Yingfang Fan. "Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI-Based Radiomics Signature: A Potential Imaging Biomarker for Identifying Cytokeratin 19-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2023 (February 13, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5424204.

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Purpose. One subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with cytokeratin 19 expression (CK19+), has shown to be more aggressive and has a poor prognosis. However, CK19+ is determined by immunohistochemical examination using a surgically resected specimen. This study is aimed at establishing a radiomics signature based on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for predicting CK19 status in HCC. Patients and Methods. Clinicopathological and imaging data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent hepatectomy between February 2015 and December 2020. Patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and had CK19 results of histopathological examination were included. Radiomics features of the manually segmented lesion during the arterial, portal venous, and hepatobiliary phases were extracted. The 10 most reproducible and robust features at each phase were selected for construction of radiomics signatures, and their performance was evaluated by analyzing the area under the curve (AUC). The goodness of fit of the model was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results. A total of 110 patients were included. The incidence of CK19(+) HCC was 17% (19/110). Alpha fetoprotein was the only significant clinicopathological variable different between CK19(-) and CK19(+) groups. A majority of the selected radiomics features were wavelet filter-derived features. The AUCs of the three radiomics signatures based on arterial, portal venous, and hepatobiliary phases were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56-0.83), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.92), and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82-0.96), respectively. The three radiomics signatures were integrated, and the fusion signature yielded an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.98) and was used as the final model for CK19(+) prediction. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the fusion signature was 0.84, 0.89, 0.88, 0.62, and 0.96, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fit of the fusion signature ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. The established radiomics signature based on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI could be an accurate and potential imaging biomarker for HCC CK19(+) prediction.

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Karaosmanoglu, Ali Devrim, and Musturay Karcaaltincaba. "Biliopancreatic Reflux Shown on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced MRI." American Journal of Roentgenology 209, no. 2 (August 2017): W117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.17.18076.

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Rybczynska, Dorota, Joanna Pienkowska, Andrzej Frydrychowski, Edyta Szurowska, and Anna Jankowska. "Understanding the Role of Gadoxetic Acid in MRI." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 16, no. 5 (May 28, 2020): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405615666181224125909.

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Background: Radiological imaging methods used at a large scale in the assessment of hepatic lesions include: Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. To further characterize these lesions, specific contrast agents may be added, thus revealing the vascularity of the lesions. Discussion: This review focuses on gadoxetic acid, which is a hepatospecific contrast agent used in MRI. The aim of the review is to briefly explain the mechanism of GA enhancement, describe the enhancement patterns of some benign and malignant hepatic lesions and discuss possible advantages of GA over standard contrast agents. Conclusion: The role of GA in functional MR cholangiography and the idea of accessing liver function by measuring parenchymal enhancement will also be explained.

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Ricke, Jens, Ingo G. Steffen, Irene Bargellini, Thomas Berg, José Ignacio Bilbao Jaureguizar, Bernhard Gebauer, Roberto Iezzi, et al. "Gadoxetic acid-based hepatobiliary MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma." JHEP Reports 2, no. 6 (December 2020): 100173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100173.

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Oh, Ji-Won, Soon Nam Oh, Joon Il Choi, Moon Hyung Choi, Ie Ryung Yoo, Myung Ah Lee, Young-Kyung Yoo, and Seong Taek Oh. "Does the Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Liver MRI Impact on the Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer? Comparison Study with18F-FDG PET/CT." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8412071.

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Objectives. We evaluated the value of Gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI in the preoperative staging of colorectal cancer and estimated the clinical impact of liver MRI in the management plan of liver metastasis.Methods. We identified 108 patients who underwent PET/CT and liver MRI as preoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer, between January 2011 and December 2013. We evaluated the per nodule sensitivity of PET/CT and liver MRI for liver metastasis. Management plan changes were estimated for patients with metastatic nodules newly detected on liver MRI, to assess the clinical impact.Results. We enrolled 131 metastatic nodules (mean size 1.6 cm) in 41 patients (mean age 65 years). The per nodule sensitivities of PET/CT and liver MRI were both 100% for nodules measuring 2 cm or larger but were significantly different for nodules measuring less than 2 cm (59.8% and 95.1%, resp.,P=0.0001). At least one more metastatic nodule was detected on MRI in 16 patients. Among these, 7 patients indicated changes of management plan after performing MRI.Conclusions. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI detected more metastatic nodules compared with PET/CT, especially for small (<2 cm) nodules. The newly detected nodules induced management plan change in 43.8% (7/16) of patients.

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Hu, Xiaojun, Changfeng Li, Qiang Wang, Xueyun Wu, Zhiyu Chen, Feng Xia, Ping Cai, Leida Zhang, Yingfang Fan, and Kuansheng Ma. "Development and External Validation of a Radiomics Model Derived from Preoperative Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI for Predicting Histopathologic Grade of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030413.

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Histopathologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important predictor of early recurrence and poor prognosis after curative treatments. This study aims to develop a radiomics model based on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for predicting HCC histopathologic grade and to validate its predictive performance in an independent external cohort. Clinical and imaging data of 403 consecutive HCC patients were retrospectively collected from two hospitals (265 and 138, respectively). Patients were categorized into poorly differentiated HCC and non-poorly differentiated HCC groups. A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted from the segmented tumor at the hepatobiliary phase images. Three classifiers, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine, and Adaboost were adopted for modeling. The areas under the curve of the three models were 0.70, 0.67, and 0.61, respectively, in the external test cohort. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was the only significant clinicopathological variable associated with HCC grading (odds ratio: 2.75). When combining AFP, the LR+AFP model showed the best performance, with an AUC of 0.71 (95%CI: 0.59–0.82) in the external test cohort. A radiomics model based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was constructed in this study to discriminate HCC with different histopathologic grades. Its good performance indicates a promise in the preoperative prediction of HCC differentiation levels.

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Pastor, Catherine M. "Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced Hepatobiliary Phase MR Imaging: Cellular Insight." Radiology 257, no. 2 (November 2010): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.101172.

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Denecke, Timm, Ingo G. Steffen, Sheela Agarwal, Daniel Seehofer, Thomas Kröncke, Enrique Lopez Hänninen, Incken-Birthe Kramme, et al. "Appearance of hepatocellular adenomas on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI." European Radiology 22, no. 8 (March 22, 2012): 1769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-012-2422-5.

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Somova, D. E., T. N. Galyan, A. S. Kulichkin, A. V. Filin, and V. V. Khovrin. "The system for assessing liver function according to magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid." Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 37, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2022-37-2-84-91.

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Purpose. To develop a system for assessing liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadoxetic acid.Material and Methods. Data from studies of 74 patients who underwent abdominal MRI with intravenous gadoxetic acid (GA) enhancement were analyzed. For statistical analysis of the data, two groups were formed: group 1 (n = 22) comprised patients with unchanged liver parenchyma, normal liver function, and benign tumors; group 2 (n = 52) comprised patients with liver cirrhosis, with the presence of regenerative and/or dysplastic nodes, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The following quantitative parameters were studied to assess liver function in patients of two groups: relative enhancement (RE), contrast enhancement index (CEI), liver/skeletal muscle (SM) index, liver/spleen index, liver/kidney index, analysis of histograms (AH), and liver function imaging scale (FLIS).Results. The criteria for a functional deficiency of liver function based on calculated data of contrast agent transport and accumulation were a decrease in FLIS total score to 4 and below, RE values below 0.85, and CEI values below 1.38 with sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 75%, the values of liver/SM and liver/kidney indices below 0.350, liver/spleen index below 0.750 with sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 81%, respectively, in patients with cirrhosis.Conclusion. The developed system for assessing liver function using FLIS, intensity matching analysis (IMA), and AH according to MRI with GC in comparison with METAVIR allowed for liver function assessment in patients with cirrhosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 80%, respectively.

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Kim, Yo Na, Ji Soo Song, Woo Sung Moon, Hong Pil Hwang, and Young Kon Kim. "Intra-individual comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma imaging features on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI, and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 6 (August 20, 2017): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117728534.

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Background Gadoxetic acid is being widely used for detection and characterization of hepatic nodules. However, there are no data regarding intra-individual comparison of imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on dynamic computed tomography (CT), gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-DTPA-MRI), and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI). Purpose To evaluate typical imaging features of HCC and capsule appearance with dynamic CT, Gd-DTPA-MRI, and Gd-EOB-MRI. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 56 HCCs in 49 patients. Lesion attenuation/signal intensity was graded using a five-point scale based on dynamic phase and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) imaging. Subjective washout and capsule appearance were evaluated on portal venous phase (PVP) or delayed/transitional phase (DP/TP) imaging. The tumor-to-liver contrast ratio (TLCR) was calculated. Results Gd-DTPA-MRI and Gd-EOB-MRI was graded higher than CT on arterial phase ( P < 0.001). Gd-EOB-MRI was graded lower than Gd-DTPA-MRI on PVP and DP/TP ( P < 0.05). The detection rate of subjective washout and capsule appearance did not differ among the three imaging studies on either PVP or DP/TP. TLCR of Gd-EOB-MRI was lower than CT on PVP ( P = 0.004) and was lower than Gd-DTPA-MRI on DP/TP ( P = 0.001). Conclusion Arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout appearance of HCC were well demonstrated in Gd-EOB-MRI. The detection of capsule appearance using Gd-EOB-MRI was not inferior to Gd-DTPA-MRI or CT.

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Sugita, Reiji, Kei Ito, and Yutaka Noda. "Reply to “Biliopancreatic Reflux Shown on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced MRI”." American Journal of Roentgenology 209, no. 2 (August 2017): W118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.17.18176.

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Kim, Jeong Myeong, Nam Kyung Lee, Suk Kim, Dong Uk Kim, and Tae Un Kim. "Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum: CT and Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI Findings." Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 72, no. 3 (2015): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2015.72.3.176.

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Kim, Yeun-Yoon, Mi-Suk Park, Khalid Suliman Aljoqiman, Jin-Young Choi, and Myeong-Jin Kim. "Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Hepatocellular carcinoma and mimickers." Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 25, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2018.0107.

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Lee, Jongmee, Cheol Min Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Chang Hee Lee, and Jae Woong Choi. "MR findings of focal eosinophilic liver disease using gadoxetic acid." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 28, no. 9 (November 2010): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2010.06.013.

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Kim, Myeong-Jin. "Improving Survival with Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced MRI for Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Radiology 295, no. 1 (April 2020): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192713.

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Bathe, Oliver F., and Houman Mahallati. "MR-guided ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma aided by gadoxetic acid." Journal of Surgical Oncology 95, no. 8 (2007): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.20768.

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Chen, Jiao, Xianfang Ming, Zhen Wang, and Yu Ye. "Analysis of the Performance of Gadoxetic Acid Disodium MRI in Predicting Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (September 28, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6128845.

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Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of gadoxetic acid disodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. 87 HCC patients (2019-01–2022-01) admitted to the hospital were selected for retrospective analysis, gadoxetic acid disodium MRI scan was performed before surgery, and the patients were divided into two groups according to whether the MVI occurred, including the invasion group (n = 47) and the non-invasion group (n = 40). The influencing factors of MVI in HCC patients were explored, independent risk factors were determined, and the correlation between independent risk factors and MVI in HCC patients was analyzed. Results. There were significant differences in tumor margin, peritumoral low signal (hepatobiliary phase), peritumoral enhancement (arterial phase), and peritumoral hyperintensity ring (arterial phase) between the two groups ( P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that unsmooth tumor margin, peritumoral low signal (hepatobiliary phase), peritumoral enhancement (arterial phase), and peritumoral hyperintensity ring (arterial phase) were independent risk factors for MVI in HCC patients ( P < 0.05 ). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that unsmooth tumor margin was negatively correlated with MVI in HCC patients (r = −0.66, P = 0.037 ). Moreover, peritumoral low signal (hepatobiliary phase), peritumoral enhancement (arterial phase), and peritumoral hyperintensity ring (arterial phase) were positively correlated with MVI in HCC patients (r1 = 0.63, r2 = 0.68, r3 = 0.72, P 1 = 0.030, P 2 = 0.023, P 3 = 0.017). Conclusion. Unsmooth tumor margin, peritumoral low signal (hepatobiliary phase), peritumoral enhancement (arterial phase), and peritumoral hyperintensity ring (arterial phase) are significantly correlated with MVI in patients with HCC, which can provide a reference for the formulation and implementation of clinical interventions.

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Reis, Marcio Augusto Correia Rodrigues dos, and Ronaldo Hueb Baroni. "Liver-specific magnetic resonance contrast medium in the evaluation of chronic liver disease." Einstein (São Paulo) 13, no. 2 (June 2015): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082015rw3159.

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ABSTRACT The hepatobiliary-specific contrast medium (gadoxetic acid – Primovist®) is primarily used to improve detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions, such as in chronic liver disease patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma. Since the contrast medium is selectively taken up by functioning hepatocytes in the late hepatobiliary phase, it helps to detect typical hepatocellular carcinoma, which show low signal intensity on this phase. This imaging feature also assists in differentiating regenerative/dysplastic nodules from early hepatocellular carcinomas (with over 90% accuracy), as well as hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas from arterial pseudo-enhancement foci. Future perspectives include its use in quantification of hepatic function and fibrosis.

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Mourri, A. B., M. Lemort, Y. M. Bensouda, and J. L. Engelholm. "Diagnosis of Cholecysto-Colonic Fistula Using Gadoxetic Acid – Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography." Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology 99, no. 1 (September 15, 2015): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jbr-btr.849.

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MOTOSUGI, Utaroh. "Gadoxetic Acid-induced Acute Transient Dyspnea: The Perspective of Japanese Radiologists." Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences 14, no. 2 (2015): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2463/mrms.2014-0154.

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Inchingolo, Riccardo, Cesare Maino, Marco Gatti, Eleonora Tricarico, Michele Nardella, Luigi Grazioli, Sandro Sironi, Davide Ippolito, and Riccardo Faletti. "Gadoxetic acid magnetic-enhanced resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma." World Journal of Gastroenterology 26, no. 29 (August 7, 2020): 4261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i29.4261.

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Song, Kyoung Doo, and Woo Kyoung Jeong. "Benign nodules mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI." Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 21, no. 2 (2015): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2015.21.2.187.

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Yoshida, Morikatsu, Daisuke Utsunomiya, Sentaro Takada, Yoshihiro Komohara, Tomohiro Mizoshiri, Seitaro Oda, Kazunori Harada, and Osamu Ikeda. "The imaging findings of Peliosis hepatis on gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI." Radiology Case Reports 15, no. 8 (August 2020): 1261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.04.059.

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Levick, C., M. Pavlides, M. Robson, S. Neubauer, and E. Barnes. "Liver function assessment using magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid administration." Journal of Hepatology 68 (April 2018): S649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(18)31553-8.

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Cossio-Torrico, P. E., C. R. Ramírez-Carmona, M. Stoopen-Rometti, A. Perochena-González, L. A. Sosa-Lozano, and E. Kimura-Hayama. "Liver-specific gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance for focal lesion evaluation." Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 80, no. 4 (October 2015): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgmxen.2015.09.002.

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Asenbaum, Ulrika, Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah, Mattias Mandorfer, Richard Nolz, Julia Furtner, Thomas Reiberger, Arnulf Ferlitsch, et al. "Effects of Portal Hypertension on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Liver Magnetic Resonance." Investigative Radiology 52, no. 8 (August 2017): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rli.0000000000000366.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Acido Gadoxetico'

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