Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acides aromatiques'
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Akouz, Toufiq. "Nitration aromatique sur catalyseurs acides solides." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20147.
Full textFranc, Céline. "Fonctionnalisations sélectives de composés aromatiques et hétéroaromatiques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0059.
Full textIraqui, Houssaini Ismaïl. "Métabolisme des acides aminés aromatiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211859.
Full textLecointe, Lucile. "Synthèse énantiosélective d'alpha-aminoacides hétérocycliques et/ou aromatiques." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20038.
Full textDrouet, Philippe. "Production d'arômes en milieu biphasique : application à la voie lipoxygénasique." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD729.
Full textJaber, Farouk. "Cristallochimie de complexes d'argent (I) d'acides carboxyliques aromatiques : analyse des modes de coordination." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10142.
Full textTaillefer, Marc. "Réactivité des complexes hydruroanioniques du fer carbonyle vis-à-vis des dérivés halogénés aromatiques." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30187.
Full textGauthier, Catherine. "Application des zéolithes en synthèse organique : acylation de composés aromatiques par les acides carboxyliques." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20139.
Full textGauthier, Catherine. "Application des zéolithes en synthèse organique acylation de composés aromatiques par les acides carboxyliques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376053441.
Full textSentier, Luc. "Caractérisation d'une souche de saccharomyces cerevisiae génétiquement modifiée dans le métabolisme des acides amines aromatiques : étude cinétique et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL020N.
Full textFranc, Céline. "Fonctionnalisations sélectives de composés aromatiques et hétéromatiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002299.
Full textAnoune, Naoual. "Nouvelles approches de la réaction de Baeyer-Villiger pour l'oxydation d'aldéhydes aromatiques : I, par l'acide monopersuccinique : II, par l'oxygène en présence d'un sel ou d'un complexe métallique : application aux aldéhydes aromatiques méthoxyles." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10179.
Full textLambret, Monique. "Alkylation des aromatiques par les alcools sur des catalyseurs zéolithiques acides : comparaison de quelques zéolithes." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20266.
Full textGosse, Duparc Pascale. "Voies de synthèse et principales caractéristiques de poly(acides amiques) et polyimides dérivés de l'acide 4-amino phtalique." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES024.
Full textDugast-Darzacq, Claire. "Etude fonctionnelle du promoteur neuronal du gène humain de la décarboxylase des acides aminés aromatiques (AADC)." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30020.
Full textAit-Adoubel, Abderrahim. "Nouvelles approches en électrophorèse capillaire pour l'énantioséparation d'acides aminés aromatiques ou aliphatiques non dérivés." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES027.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the potentialities study of two Capillary Electrophoresis approaches: (i) ligands exchange with various chiral selectors: L-Proline, Trans-4-Hydroxy L-Proline (LECE), (ii) use of anionic cyclodextrins (CD-CZE), for the chiral resolution of not derivatized amino acids. This chiral resolution constitutes still, today, a challenge. These two approaches appeared complementary. In fact, by using one after the other we were able to resolve the racemic of not derivatized aromatic or sulphur amino acids as well as some racemic of not derivatized aliphatic amino acids. To rationalize some paradoxical experimental results, we undertook simulations, using Molecular Mechanics, as well for the formation of the ternary complexes, in LECE, as for the inclusion of the not derivatized amino acids in the cyclodextrines cavity, in CD-CZE. Satisfactory correlations were obtained between experimental results and theoretical approaches
Steyer, Damien. "Etude génétique du métabolisme des acides gras et des terpènes aromatiques chez la levure en conditions fermentaires." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6241.
Full textThis study describes the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene mutations onto the wine aromatic compounds using candidate gene and genetic approaches. Candidate gene approach: We have shown that Ethyl Ester Biosynthesis 1 (EEB1) appears here to play a key role in the decanoic acid detoxification during the fermentation process. Its allelic background would also explain the high concentration of ethyl decanoate (fruity) in fermentation made with enological yeasts. Geraniol concentration in wine is influenced by the yeast during the fermentation by two pathway : a reduction into citronellol byOYE2 and an esterification by ATF1 and ATF2 which esterified geraniol, geraniol isomer nerol and citronellol leading to a decrease of the monoterpenols concentration. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) approach: We identified 23 mQTL. We focused our work on the 4 most relevant mQTL and identified 4 candidate genes, each belonging to one different mQTL. The allelic backgrounds of the ABZ1 and PDR8 genes have an influence on the 2-phenylethanol/acetate and nérolidol production respectively. Deletion of CEM1 and PLB2 have an influence on the ethyl esters and medium chain fatty acid production. Gathering knowledge about genes involved in the volatile compounds metabolism by S. Cerevisiae would offer new ways of controlling the overall wine quality
Pion, Florian. "L'acide férulique, un synthon naturel pour la préparation de nouveaux polymères aromatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0007.
Full textLignin is the most abundant component of wood after cellulose and is separated from whilepaper production. Within this lingo-cellulosic biomass, in case of graminous, ferulic acid is a crosslinkingagent binding lignin to polysaccharide fibers to increase its mechanical properties. If lignin iscomplex and poorly degradable, ferulic acid, as it is present free, is extractible in alkali media frommany resources (beetroot pulp, wheat, corn, rice...).By its aromatic nature, this p-hydroxycinnamic acid seems interesting to prepare new polymersincorporating biobased aromatic units. Indeed, if biobased polymers are more and more nowadays,today biobased aromatic units are still missing.In this aim, into the APSYNTH team, we developed a new class of biobased bisphenols obtainedthrough enzymatic catalysis. These bisphenols were then implicated in different strategies to developnew copolyesters, polyurethanes and polyphenolic oligomers. This work describes the synthesis andcharacterization of this new bisphenols derived from ferulic acid, as well as the resulting polymers
Pages, Thierry. "Méthodologies d'accès à des aminoacides aromatiques α-méthylés et marqués au fluor 18 pour l'étude des phénomènes de neurotransmission par tomographie par émission de positons." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10055.
Full textGallouj, Hassan. "Détermination et validation de champs de forces par la méthode de fonctionnelle de densité (DFT) pour des résidus amino acides aromatiques." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-145.pdf.
Full textDendelé, Béatrice. "Étude de la signalisation membranaire précoce au cours des phénomènes de mort cellulaire induits par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, cancérogènes chimiques environnementaux." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S120.
Full textHuman is continuously exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Such an exposition has been reported to induce diverse types of cancers. Nowadays, it appears that consuming marine omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), reduces the incidence of cancer. Our previous works show that the isoform 1 of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHE1) and p53 pathways are implicated in B[a]P-induced apoptosis in rat liver epithelial cells F258. The results of my PhD work show 1) that the couple GSK3α/c-Myc is implicated in mitochondria dysfunction associated in B[a]P-induced apoptosis and that these proteins are regulated by NHE1 and p53 pathways. 2) the apoptosis induced by B[a]P is inhibited by DHA and EPA in F258 cell whereas increases in Hepa1c1c7 cells with DHA and EPA
Amir, Soumia Merlina Georges Hafidi Mohamed. "Contribution a la valorisation de boues de stations d'épuration par compostage devenir des micropolluants metalliques et organiques et bilan du compost /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000074.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 52 réf.
Enriquez, Rosado María del Rosario. "Mécanismes photocatalytiques et relations activité-propriétés de TIO2 en phases gazeuse et aqueuse : Echange isotopique d'oxygène. Oxydations (méthanol, acide dichloroacétique, aromatiques). Effets d'un acide humique et de la fixation de TiO2." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0025.
Full textThe objective was to assess the effect of several properties of TiO2 powders over the photocatalytic activity for reaction in the gaseous and aqueous phases. These powders were produced by TiOSO4 thermohydrolysis and calcined at various temperatures; so me were fixed over a fibed glass tissue with SiO2 as a binder. The structural, textural (SEM, EDX) and absorptive (UV-DR) properties of powder and fixed TiO2 were characterized. Oxygen isotopic exchange 18O2-Ti16O2 (OIE) and methanol removal were used as gas-phase reactions. In water, the elimination of chlorinated pollutants (4-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, and dichloroacetic acid), as well as humic acid effect over quinoline photocatalytic removal were studied. Useful results were obtained from the comparaison between oxidation reactions and OIE, based on the fact that OIE is sensitive to TiO2 accessibility and surface oxygen atom lability. Comparison between activities per surface and mass units showed the respective significance of charge recombination rates and surface area according to the reactions. The main conclusions are: (1) initial attack of methanol does not need the transfer of surface oxygen atom; (2) chlorophenols can be attacked into water multilayers near the surface, whereas CHCI2-COOH needs to be in direct contact with TiO2; (3) silica decrease in the rates of OIE and CHCI2-COOH elimination compared with that chloropheols; (4) for concentrations, adsorbed humic acids (HA) increase the removal rate of quinoline, presuomably because of the effect of quinoline sequestration by adsorbed HA, whereas, at high concentrations, the unfavorable overall influence is due to UV absorption by HA
Amir, Soumia. "Contribution a la valorisation de boues de stations d'épuration par compostage : devenir des micropolluants metalliques et organiques et bilan du compost." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000074/.
Full textThe valorisation of sewage sludges after lagooning by composting with straw estimated by the agronomic and environmental quality of the final product was evaluated by GPC on Sephadex, elementary analysis, UV-Vis, FT- IR, NMR-C13, ICP/MS, GC/MS et TMAH/GC/MS at different stages of the process. The speciation of the bioavailable metallic trace elements (2% of the initial MTE) shows that they decrease in favour to the resistant forms. The biotransformation of the organic micropollutants (PAH, phthalates) is expressed in terms of biodegradation or polycondensation towards to the incriminated phase. The structural characterization of humic and fulvic acids is discussed in terms of aromaticity or functional conservation in relationships to molecular weight, incriminated aromatic structures, potential polycondensations and neo-synthesis by successive micro-organisms according to the stabilization or maturation step
Rousee, Kevin. "Utilisation d'alcènes fluorés pour la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation de dérivés (hétéro)aromatiques et de composés phosphorés." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR02/document.
Full textThe fluoroalkenes are compounds with relevant physico-chemical properties and are used in various fields as polymers, agrochemistry or medicinal chemistry. Mono-fluoroalkenes can be used as an effective peptidic bond mimic because of their electronic and geometric similarity with the amide bond. Nevertheless, this interesting moiety still suffers from difficulty of synthesis which constitute a synthetic challenge. For that purpose, two build-blocks (gem-bromofluoroalkenes and α-fluoroacrylates) were used during this thesis to develop new access to mono-fluoroalkenes.The first one is the gem-bromofluoroalkenes moiety were used for the development of two methodologies. First, a copper-catalysed fluoroalkenylation via C-H bond functionalisation of heteroaryles has been reported. Then, the second methodology is the phosphination of gem-bromofluoroalkenes using phosphines boranes, in the goal to get new kind of phosphines.The second building-blocks used are the α-fluoroacrylates and α-fluoroacrylic acids which have been involved in two complementary reactions. A Heck reaction allowed the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstitued α-fluoroacrylates, giving a new access to these compounds. α-Fluoroacrylic acids were used in a decarboxylative/deshydrogenative cross-coupling with azoles. Indeed, it is the first example of decarboxylative/deshydrogenative cross-coupling with alkenes
Pana, Magnoudewa. "Impacts de l'intervention RASA (Ressources alimentaires et sanitaires aux Australes) sur les concentrations d'acides aminés et l'insulino-résistance chez des adolescents de la Polynésie Française." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28252.
Full textBackground: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) are perceived as early metabolic markers of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). No study has examined the changes (Δ) in the early metabolic markers after to specific body composition changes in adolescents, i.e. concomitant analysis of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). We assessed data of a school-based intervention carried out in French Polynesia to bring out those evidences. Objectives: To assess changes in BCAA, AAA and cardiometabolic (CMB) markers in French polynesian adolescents according to weight status and IR , and changes in FM and FFM after a 5-month intervention. Methods : 226 adolescents participated in a school-based intervention on diet and physical activity (RASA). Four categories of body composition changes were formed (FM+/FFM-, FM+/FFM+, FM- /FFM-, FM-/FFM+) for the concomitant analysis. Analysis of covariance was used to obtain mean Δ of BCAA, AAA and CMB markers concentrations according to weight status and HOMA-IR2 (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) tertiles at baseline, and according to the categories of body composition changes. Results : At baseline, BCAA and AAA concentrations were positively associated with weight status and HOMA-IR2 tertiles. For categories of body composition changes after the 5-month intervention, ΔHOMA-IR2 (95% IC) was 0.24 (0.05; 0.43) for FM+/FFM-, 0.23 (0.06; 0.40) for FM+/FFM+, -0.41 (-0.78; -0.04) for FM-/FFM-, and -0.40 (-0.63; -0.16) for FM-/FFM+. ΔBCAA was not significant for FM+/ FFM- [-0.86 (-3.68; 1.97)], but descreased signicantly for FM-/ FFM- [-4.95 (-9.04; -0.87)]. ΔAAA of -0.86 (-3.68; 1.97) was not signicative for FM+/FFM-, but decreased significantly by -1.48 (-2.65; -0.31) for FM+/FFM +, -2.51 (-4.40; -0.63) for FM-/FFM-, and -3.38 (-4.50; -2.25) for FM-/FFM+. Conclusion: FM loss was associated with a reduced concentration of metabolic markers of obesity and HOMA-IR2. A FM loss concomitant to FFM gain has an additive effect on improvement of metabolic markers. Our findings indicate the relevance of taking into account changes in both FM and FFM when investigating metabolic changes induced by obesity interventions.
ZHOU, YA. "Caracterisation cinetique du transport membranaire de la triiodothyronine dans les erythrocytes et de sa relation avec le systeme de transport des acides amines aromatiques." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066640.
Full textDuquenne, Christophe. "Vers une réaction de Friedel-Crafts "verte". Mise en évidence de nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables dérivés de l'indium (III) : application à l'acylation des composés aromatiques." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10012.
Full textErchov, Petr. "Les neurones de l'hypothalamus médiobasal du rat exprimant les enzymes de la synthèse de la dopamine : différenciation et signification fonctionnelle." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066422.
Full textNazer, Abir Isam. "Inhibition de Salmonella sér. Typhimurium par la combinaison d'additifs alimentaires microbiens et modifications physiologiques induites." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1616.
Full textMathieu, Delphine. "Etude de systèmes modèles des enzymes à fer utilisant la tetrahydrobiopterine comme cofacteur, les no synthases et les hydroxylases d'acides aminés aromatiques." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P601.
Full textTetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) is a cofactor for two important families of mammals' enzymes, the NO synthases (NOS) and the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH). To better understand the role of H4B in these enzymes and the specificities linked to this cofactor, we studied chemical model systems using H4B or other tetrahydropterins (H4P). We showed, in a very general manner, that tetrahydropterins transfer an electron to iron porphyrins, either in their FeIII or FeIIO2 state, with formation of the corresponding cation radical (H4P)+·. This led us to the first chemical model for the electron transfer reaction happening in NOS. While studying AAAH model systems, we highlighted a surprising regioselectivity in favour of aromatic hydroxylation in the meta position, when the reductant used is either a tetrahydropterin or ascorbate
Chauveau, Viriot Christine. "Synthèse de dérivés 3-aryloxypropioniques en mélange racémique et sous forme enantiomeriquement pure : utilisation dans la préparation de quelques hétérocycles." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10132.
Full textDoumenq, Pierre. "Apport de l'infrarouge à transformée de Fourier et du couplage chromatographie gazeuse-infrarouge à transformée de Fourier à l'étude de systèmes chimiques complexes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30021.
Full textTavera, Ruiz Claudia Patricia. "Experimental study of the aromatics production from the pyrolysis of scrap tire rubber using heteropolyacids-based catalysts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10075/document.
Full textScrap tire are waste that produces one of the largest annual production all over the world. Because its non-biodegradable composition, its end of life and treatment is difficult, causing environmental and public health problems, due to the accumulation and implementation of inappropriate treatment techniques. Based on this problem it is conceivable to seek to valorise these wastes through processes such as pyrolysis. The main objective of this work was to evaluate experimentally the pyrolysis of scrap tire rubber (STR) in order to improve single ring aromatic compounds, which have a higher industrial value in the oil of STR pyrolysis. To this end, an experimental study of pyrolysis of STR without catalyst was carried out and the most favorable temperature and nitrogen conditions were determined. The transformation of D, L limonene present in the oil into aromatics using different heteropolyacid / carrier combinations was evaluated, in order to select the most selective towards the aromatics. The results showed a conversion of limonene to p-cymene, monoterpenes and menthenes, and it was found that the production of p-cymene was promoted by Lewis acidity. Since the catalysts are more selective in the transformation of limonene, have been validated in the pyrolysis of STR. The results show that the yield of aromatics has increased (from 8.05%) to a maximum of 15.06% p and the concentration about 37%p, using a molybdenum catalyst in which the acid sites of Lewis are the predominant
Haddou, Ménana. "Dégradation de dérivés de l'acide benzoïque par les procédés d'oxydation avancée en phase homogène et hétérogène : procédés Fenton, photo-Fenton et photocatalyse." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/871/.
Full textThis work was carried out in the field of water treatment using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially Fenton and photo-Fenton processes and heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalysis. The mechanism of the oxidative degradation of a model pollutant, 2. 4 dihydroxybenzoicacid (2,4-DHBA) by the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes was investigated in detail using several analytical techniques (UV-visible spectrophotometry, HPLC, LC-MS, ion chromatography, TOC measurements). The results show that the early stage of oxidation of the pollutant is common to both processes. However, mineralization could only be achieved under irradiation (photo-Fenton) and the importance of parameters such as oxygenation conditions at this stage of the reaction was demonstrated. The complexation of Fe(III) and its consequences during the oxidation of benzoic acid derivatives by the Fenton and photo-Fenton-like processes were investigated. The comparison of the photochemical reactivity of [aromatic acid-Fe(III)] complexes for the production of Fe(II) with that of others iron(III)-complexes (such as ferriaquo complexes and ferrioxalate) showed the relative photochemical stability of [aromatic acid-Fe(III)] complexes under UV-visible irradiation. The identification of reducing species (e. G. , hydroquinone) at key reaction times provided an explanation for the observed autocatalytic kinetic profiles during the oxidation of aromatic acids by Fenton and photo-Fenton like processes. In the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis, new doped (sulfur, cerium(III), iron(III))-TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a sol-gel method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET and UV-visible spectrophotometry. All of them absorb visible light (400-800nm). Their photocatalytic efficiency was tested on the oxidation of 2,4-DHBA. Under our conditions, iron(III) doping was detrimental for photocalytic efficiency under UV-irradiation and no improvement was observed under visible-irradiation. The new S and Ce(III) doped TiO2 showed a higher photocatalytic efficiency in the visible region than that obtained using commercial TiO2 (P25, Degussa), traditionally employed in photocatalysis
Petitdidier, Catherine. "Etude des modalités d'expression de certaines voies métaboliques de production d'arômes par des micro-organismes d'affinage des fromages à pâte pressée non cuite : précurseurs et systèmes enzymatiques impliqués dans le catabolisme des acides aminés." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22334.
Full textEl, Fallah Rawa. "Étude des interactions du Benzo(a)pyrène avec les trois fractions physiques de la matière organique du sol par matrices d'excitation et d'émission de fluorescence couplées à PARAFAC." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0034/document.
Full textThe spectral properties of the fluorescent components of the organic matter of a natural soil were studied in the three physical fractions; humic substances, fulvic acid and humic acid, by the method of the excitation and fluorescence emission matrices coupled to the Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm. The spectral modifications of these components were studied (form and pseudo-concentrations) in the presence of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminant (benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), toxic and carcinogenic): (1) by varying the volumes of a pure solution of BaP in each fraction having the same concentration of organic matter, (2) by varying the concentrations of organic matter for fixed concentrations of BaP, which were followed over time. The results showed that the BaP influences the fluorophores present in the three fractions in a different way and clarified the type of interactions with one fraction or the other. On the other hand, a discussion was held on parameters for validating the number of components for the selection of PARAFAC models
Mirivel, Giovanni. "Développement de méthodes d'analyse de composés organiques dans les particules fines et étude de leur vieillissement en milieu contrôlé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10103/document.
Full textThis thesis – dealing with the chemical characterization of organic matter in fine atmospheric particles – consisted of the two following objectives: (i) the development of analytical methods to identify and quantify some organic compounds: long-chain mono- and dialkanoic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives;(ii) the study of possible sampling artefacts while collecting particulate PAHs on filters under controlled conditions.The analyses were carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to a UV detector and a fluorimeter for PAHs, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the other species. Pressurized liquid extraction methods were optimized using experimental design. The proposed methods were validated on complex matrices (standard reference materials and/or real samples). Concentration levels could be monitored for particles collected in an urban background site in Douai and seasonal trends consistent with literature data have been observed.Sampling artefacts linked to desorption and reactivity towards atmospheric pollutants (O3, NO2) for particulate PAHs present in real samples have been investigated using an experimental device to simulate filter sampling. The magnitude and the variability of these artefacts have been measured as a function of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and pollutant concentrations
Peña, Zapata Diego. "Identification of deactivation mechanisms of cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts in slurry reactor." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10149/document.
Full textThe Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) produces ultra-clean liquid fuels and chemicals via conversion of syngas from a wide range of feedstocks: natural gas, shale gas coal and biomass. Supported cobalt-based catalysts are the best option for the low temperature FTS, due to their high stability and selectivity toward heavy paraffinic hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, cobalt catalysts deactivate with time on stream. This leads to a decrease in catalyst lifetime and productivity. Hence, catalyst deactivation remains a major challenge of FTS. In this work we identified cobalt sintering, catalyst attrition and carbon deposition as the most relevant catalyst deactivation mechanisms in slurry reactor; the deactivation rate being influenced by the operating conditions. The experimental results suggest that catalyst attrition is strongly affected by water partial pressure in the catalytic reactor. High water partial pressure favours mobility of cobalt nanoparticles on surface and cobalt sintering. Both cobalt agglomerates of micron size located on catalyst grains and detached cobalt metal particles were observed in the spent catalysts. The formation of cobalt agglomerates was favoured at lower gas space velocity and in H2-deficient syngas. Syngas dilution at the beginning of reaction decreases the degree of attrition and reduces cobalt agglomerate formation. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, organic acids were detected in the spent catalysts; α-olefins being the most abundant species. Carboxylic acids and alpha-alkyl cinnamic aldehyde seem to be most detrimental for the catalytic performance. A tentative schema of formation of different carbon species in cobalt catalysts during FTS in slurry reactor has been proposed in the manuscript
Nguyen, Huu-Dat. "Electrolytes polymères aromatiques nanostructurés pour PEMFC : Relation structure/morphologie/propriété." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI014/document.
Full textAromatic ionomers are considered as a promising alternative to Nafion for PEMFCs due to their good oxidative stability, excellent thermomechanical properties, and low cost, etc. Most sulfonated aromatic ionomers reported over the past decades, however, show lower performance than that of Nafion. With similar ion-exchange capacity (IEC), on one hand, aromatic ionomers are much less conductive than Nafion, notably at low relative humidity. Aromatic ionomers with sufficient IEC to give equivalent conduction to that of Nafion, on the other hand, exhibit excessively swelling behavior in water. The shortcomings of sulfonated aromatic ionomers derive from (i) the random distribution of acidic groups on rigid polymer backbone leading to poor hydrophilic-hydrophobic separation, (ii) the proximity of proton-conducting moieties to the polymer main chain resulting in low nanostructure of ionic clusters, and (iii) the low acidity of aryl sulfonic acid. With the aim of overcoming these drawbacks, my PhD work focuses on developing new aromatic ionomers with improved morphology and properties via molecular architecture design, in combination with optimized membrane processing condition. Based on this objective, two series of aromatic ionomers based on partially-fluorinated multi-block copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s bearing pendant perfluorosulfonic acid (InX/Y series) or perfluorosulfonimide (SiX/Y series) side chains have been developed and characterized. Moreover, PEMs based on Nafion/InX/Y blend have also been focused. Much attention has been paid to optimizing the membrane processing condition and elucidating the structure-morphology-property relation in these materials
Duprat, Arthur. "Oxydation de composés aromatiques par le système Fer / Oxygène / Acide acétique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00644964.
Full textJacquet, Antoine. "Capsules hélicoïdales d’oligoamides aromatiques : détecteurs moléculaires pour le dosage d’acides organiques du vin." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0921/document.
Full textSome relevant wine small molecular components can be selectively recognized by foldamer capsules – artificial oligomeric compounds able to fold into well-defined objects possessing an inner cavity. In recent years, selective and high affinity receptors for fructose, tartaric acid and malic acid have been reported. Here, a new methodology, using solid phase synthetic techniques, for the preparation of a gluconic acid receptor will be discussed. To transform these receptors into sensors, a fluorescent moiety has been incorporated in the binding site. A proof of concept has been achieved using a fluorescence titration of tartaric acid. Indeed, when the guest is encapsulated, a modification of the fluorescence emission is observed. Finally, these fluorescent receptors have been anchored to silica surfaces and pave the way to the development of mobile detection devices. Such sensors could be useful to the wine industry to ensure proper control of biological processes for example during fermentation
Lautrette, Guillaume. "Capsules hélicoïdales auto-organisées par repliement d’oligoamides aromatiques pour la reconnaissance moléculaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14850/document.
Full textMolecular recognition is one of the major challenges of supramolecular chemistry. Here, we present the design, synthesis and study of helical capsules properties self-organised by aromatic oligoamide folding. These receptors consist of oligomeric chains that fold into a helical conformation and comprise of a sequence of units which code for different diameters. Oligomeric folding defines a cavity which can recognize guests. The great modularity of the sequences has allowed a controlled evolution of foldamer structure resulting in the selective and predict recognition of biological substrates. The phenomenon of encapsulation was demonstrated in solution by NMR and CD spectroscopy and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction
Duprat, François. "Oxydation de composes aromatiques par le systeme fer#0/oxygene/acide acetique." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066102.
Full textKigabo, Faustin. "Synthese de composes aromatiques par piegeage d'ions carbonium en milieu acide ou superacide." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2261.
Full textKigabo, Faustin. "Synthèse de composés aromatiques par piégeage d'ions carbonium en milieu acide ou superacide." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606607w.
Full textAyral, Catherine. "Elimination de polluants aromatiques par oxydation catalytique sur charbon actif." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT007G/document.
Full textThis work, on water treatment by catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) using activated carbon (AC), aimed to study the interaction between oxidation-adsorption phenomena: how the oxidation of aromatic compounds on AC can modify its properties and specially its adsorption and oxidation characteristics (deactivation). Various commercials AC, and AC produced from activated sludge, have been characterized before and after oxidation by according methods such as textural characterization, elemental analysis (CHNSO), functional groups on carbon surfaces analysis, pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); however, only their ash level was significantly different. In addition, the sludge based AC (SBAC) have a specific surface range of 90 to 265 m².g-1, which is lower than commercial AC, and with an ash level over 50%. Consequently they are less good adsorbents. However, the presence of metal, e.g. iron, has a positive affect on catalytic oxidation. The comparative study of catalytic oxidation with 4 commercial AC, show a severe deactivation (which increase with the pollutant concentration) on the first 3-4 utilizations before stabilization. The residual AC is clearly poor adsorbent. After stabilization, 2 commercials AC, only S23 and F22 CA, were studied on catalytic oxidation of phenol in term of apparent and intrinsic kinetics with including the diffusion effect in the model. The CWAO of 4 pure aromatic pollutants, and their various synthetic mixtures, showed mixing effects significantly: the most oxidation catalytic refractory pollutants were degraded rapidly when they mixed (e.g. 4-nitrophenol) but the kinetic was slow down for the pure pollutant whereas, the most oxidised pollutants, for pure solution, have an oxidation kinetic slower than when they mixed with others pollutants (e.g. Phenol, 4-chlorophenol). Therefore, the mixture tends to standardize from the individual behaviour. In conclude, the feasibility study of the oxidative regeneration process (AD-OX) was performed on industrial waste water. The regeneration AC as adsorbent is less limited than with mixtures of substituted phenols
Biscay, Frédéric. "Modélisation moléculaire d'interfaces liquide-vapeur à haute pression et prédiction de la tension interfaciale." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725080.
Full textLautrette, Guillaume. "Capsules hélicoïdales auto-organisées par repliement d'oligoamides aromatiques pour la reconnaissance moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908000.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Thuy. "Métallation chimiosélective des azobenzènes. Substitution nucléophile aromatique des acides naphtoïques en présence de ligands chiraux." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1035.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two independant parts. The first part describes for the first time the chemoselective lithiation of azobenzenes. Azobenzenes derivatives are widely used as dyes and more recently have been applied to the preparation of photoresponsive molecular switches and materials by taking advantage of the N=N bond E/Z photoisomerization. Whereas standard polar organometallics (n-BuLi, n-BuLi/TMEDA, n-BuLi/t-BuOK, TMPMgCl.LiCl, LDA) reduce the N=N bond of the parent compound, aromatic HLi permutation occurs with LTMP when a suitable director of lithiation (OMe, CONEt2, F) is present in the benzene residue of the azo compound. The method allows a direct access to new substituted azobenzenes.Axially chiral biaryls, which are found in many biologically active natural products, are conventionally used as ligands for asymmetric catalysis. The purpose of the second part is to develop a new method for the preparation of axially chiral biaryls in the absence of transition metals (Pd, Ni…). To tackle that goal, nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions on unprotected naphthoic acids were performed in the presence of chiral ligands. A careful optimization of the reaction parameters (choice of the solvent, temperature, structure of the ligand…) allowed to prepare chiral 1,1’- binaphthalenes 1,2’- binaphthalenes and phenylnaphthalenes in good yields and enantiomeric excesses (up to 89% ee). The atroposelective SNAr reaction of naphthyloxazoline and naphthoate derivatives was also reported