Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acides α-Aminés'
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Flamant-Robin, Céline. "Synthèse asymétrique d' α-acides aminés conformationnellement contraints et de lactames dipeptidiques avec incorporation dans les peptides bioactifs." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112038.
Full textThe peptides play a critical role in the various biological systems, i. E. Hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators. . . Therefore, they are of considerable interests to the medicinal chemists. However, the use of peptides as drugs is limited by the following factors: their low metabolic stability towards proteolysis and their poor bioavailability. Some of the disadvantages could be overcome in the peptidomimetic compounds in which the modified structures retain the essential functionalities and then the three-dimensional structures of the native peptide. These peptidomimetics can be obtained by introducing the conformational constraints in the bioactive peptides. Numerous bioactive peptides have the turn conformations. In the chapter I, the progress in the literature on the peptidomimetics and on the turn conformation mimics reviewed. The turn is one of the essential conformations of peptides. Moreover, we are interested in the bioactive tetrapeptide AcSDKP, an inhibitor of the proliferation of the hematopoietic primitive stem cells. In order to introduce a turn structure, the incorporation of a "bridge" between the side chain of an amino acid and the peptide backbone is postulated. In fact, the cyclization is a well-known method for inducing a conformational constraint. In the chapter II, the synthesis of dipeptide lactams, 4-alkyl-3-amino-2-piperidinones is described. The key step of this synthesis is the diastereoselective 1,4-addition of an organocuprate onto an α, β-unsaturated ester. In this chapter, the conformation of the lactam 3-amino-4-methyl-2-piperidinone is also studied by molecular medeling and NMR and IR analyses. In the chapter III, two synthetic strategies of cis-3-alkyl-L-proline, chimeras of two amino acides, are presented. The diastereomeric excesses are determined by HPLC analysis. The chapter IV presents the synthesis of the analogues of the AcSDKP by incorporating the dipeptide lactam and the cis-3- substituted proline
Courant, Thibaut. "Multi-fonctionnalisation d’imines : synthèse de composés aminés α-β-fonctionnalisés par procédé photocatalysé et réactions asymétriques organocatalysées." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112308.
Full textThe aim of this study is the development of new methodologies for imines functionalization by organocatalysed and photocatalysed processes.First, a photocatalysed alkylation reaction of enecarbamates have been described. The use of organometallic Iridium complexes allowed the double functionalization of enecarbamates leading to highly substituted imines surrogates. This process is a green alternative to the use of heavy metals and only needs visible light as an renewable energy source to proceed. This environment-friendly radical transformation has been submitted to mechanistic study.In a second part, an aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction organocatalysed by chiral Brønsted acid has been studied. The bi-fonctionnality of chiral phosphoric acids has been advantageously used to perform the Friedel-Crafts addition of various substituted indole to in situ generated acyl-iminium ions. The compounds obtained by this methodology are showing interesting biological activities on central nervous system. Finally, the first enantioselective Povarov reaction involving amino-heterocycles as 2-azadienes precursors has been reported. This reaction is based on previous lab reports and the synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline analogues has been described. The multicomponent reduction/Povarov reaction sequence catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids derived gives a rapid access to a wide library of bioactives analogues
Cadart, Timothée. "Fonctionnalisation énantiosélective des isoxazolidin-5-ones α-substituées dans des conditions de catalyse par transfert de phase : accès aux acides β2,2-aminés." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR11.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis was to use readily available α-substituted isoxazolidin-5-ones as original building blocks for the synthesis of enantioenriched β2,2-amino acids. Phase-transfer catalysis approach, with low loading of an appropriate quaternary ammonium salt, was found to be the most efficient tool for the enantioselective functionalization of the α-position of isoxazolidin-5-ones, allowed thereby to generate a stereogenic quaternary center. This organocatalytic strategy was applied to C-S, C-C and C-N bond formation with good to excellent enantiomeric excess. Hydrogenolysis reactions of the N-O bond or ring-opening reactions via nucleophilic addition reaction led to the corresponding enantioenriched β2,2-amino acids formation. Finally, new easily available chiral quaternary tropos-ammonium salts were designed and evaluated for both the enantioselective α-sulfanylation and conjuguated addition reactions
Danger, Grégoire. "Des N-carboxyanhydrides d’acides α-aminés (NCA) aux peptides : nouvelles réactions d’intérêt prébiotique et applications : préconcentration et contrôle du flux électroosmotique pour l’analyse de peptides en électrophorèse capillaire." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20043.
Full textSaraiva, rosa Nathalie. "Synthèse diastéréosélective de molécules azotées α-trifluorométhylées - Élaboration et études conformationnelles de petits peptides incorporant des acides β-aminés trifluorométhylés." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS013.
Full textChiral N-tert-butansulfinamides, developped by Ellman 20 years ago, have been increasingly applied for the preparation of chiral functionnalized amines, because of the affordability of both enantiomers and of their mild conditions of cleavage. However, the use of theses auxiliaries for the synthesis of quaternary trifluoromethyl derivatives remains quite limited, the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketoimines being highly unstable.Chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl alkyl(aryl) trifluoromethyl hemiaminal ethers have been developped to be used as bench-stable surrogates of these ketoimines : once under reaction conditions, they afford the corresponding ketoimine in situ, which can be subject to a nucleophilic addition.In this manuscript, different reactions led on these hemiaminal ethers are described, affording valuable and optically pure trifluoromethylated quaternary building-blocks : on the one hand, homoallylic amines, obtained by the addition of allylalane species, and which can afford, after a few steps, teh corresponding trifluoromethyl azetidines, and on the other hand, chiral trifluoromethyl β3,3-amino acids, afforded by a highly diastereoselective Reformatsky reaction.These β 3,3-amino acids have been then involved in solution-phase peptide couplings in order to synthetise a wide range of α/β- and β-di- and tripeptides, whose conformation have been the object of preliminary studies in the solid state and/or in solution.Key-words : Ellman auxiliary, Nucleophilic addition, Solution-phase peptide coupling, α-trifluoromethylated nitrogen derivative, Hemiaminal ether, asymmetric synthesis
Triballeau-Hugounenq, Nicolas. "Découverte par criblage virtuel d'agonistes originaux des récepteurs sensibles aux acides α-aminés de la famille 3/C des RCPG." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05S009.
Full textBurton, Tobias. "Synthèse de morpholine-2,5-diones et de (co)polydepsipeptides pour la valorisation d'acides aminés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS110.
Full textOver the course of this work, the elaboration and the organocatalysed polymerisation and copolymerisation of morpholine-2,5-diones, monomers derived from α-amino acids, was studied. Firstly, an experimental protocol was developed, allowing for the synthesis of morpholine-2,5-diones from different amino-acids. The latter was then used for the production of a mix of morpholine-2,5-diones from a blend of amino-acids. This mixture of morpholine-2,5-diones was subsequently copolymerised using different catalysts. Next, the ring-opening polymerisation of 3S-(isobutyl)morpholine-2,5-dione as well as its copolymerisation with lactide was investigated via organocatalysis using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and a thiourea co-catalyst. This catalytic system granted great control over the synthesis of polydepsipeptides and poly(depsipeptide-r-lactide) copolymers. Finally, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of the different reactions developed herein, mechanochemical and microwave-based procedures were investigated. Using these techniques, a range of morpholine-2,5-diones were successfully produced in a much simpler and faster manner whilst using considerably less solvent and energy. Mechanochemistry also proved successful for the organocatalysed ring-opening polymerisation of 3S-(isobutyl)morpholine-2,5-dione and its copolymerisation with lactide. This study grants access to the direct comparison between solution and mechanochemical based ROPs which is, to date, a mostly unexplored field
Mambrini, Antonin. "Couplage oxydant d'énolates et chimie microfluidique : deux nouvelles approches pour la synthèse énantiosélective d'acides α-aminés quaternaires par Mémoire de Chiralité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS456/document.
Full textQuaternary α-amino acids allow access to molecular structures and peptides derivatives with interesting biological activites. Many asymmetric synthesis are described in the literature. The most common one is the alkylation of tertiary α-amino acids. Only few methods use the chirality of the starting material as a chiral inductor. Among them, Memory of Chirality is one strategy allowing the access to enantioenriched quaternary α-amino acids using, as a unique source of chirality, the central initial chirality of tertiary α-amino acids. The objective of this PhD is the investigation of new methods for the quaternary α-amino acid synthesis by Memory of Chirality. Two main axes have been studied: 1) Oxidative heterocoupling of enolates by Memory of Chirality that allow access to new enantioenriched quaternary α-amino acids. 2) Alkylation by Memory of Chirality using a microflow system with the objective to adapt in continuous flow the previous works performed in our laboratory. That would allow the reproductible and scalable synthesis of enantioenriched quaternary α-amino acids. This two axes enable the improvement of the synthesis of quaternary α-amino acid synthesis by Memory of Chirality strategy previously developed in our laboratory
Mai, Thi thoa. "Nouvelles voies d’accès à des acides alpha-aminés énantioenrichis par mémoire de chiralité ou chiralité gelée." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112045.
Full textNon proteinogenic α-amino acids can lead to compounds which exhibit interesting biological properties, or peptides analogues. Numerous methods for asymmetric synthesis of these compounds have been developed. However, few examples have used the chirality of natural tertiary α-amino acids for the synthesis of quaternary α-amino acids, and few examples of asymmetric absolute synthesis to access to tertiary α -amino acids have been described so far. Our research group has previously developed a synthesis of enantioenriched quaternary α-amino acids, based on memory of chirality and using the axial chirality of tertiary aromatic amides for stereoselective alkylation of an enolate of an amino acid.This thesis focuses on expending this methodology to other type of reactions, for example, aldolisation reactions (using an aldehyde as electrophile, in this case it is necessary to control the second asymmetric center), arylation reactions (using a diaryliodonium salt as electrophile) or to the the total synthesis of compounds exhibiting interesting biological properties. Herein, we will show our preliminary results in aldolisation reactions (with benzaldehyde), in arylation reactions and also in the total synthesis of L-Methyl DOPA.On the other hand, we will also present an enantioselective synthesis of tertiary α-amino acids derivatives and of amino alcohols based on the principle of frozen chirality. The strategy uses the dynamic axial chirality of tertiary aromatic amides, which is frozen in chiral crystal, and a stereoselective alkylation reaction of enolate leads to enantioenriched α-amino acids. A compound synthesized from glycine has been finally selected to optimise the asymmetric allylation reaction. These optimales conditions were then successfully employed with various electrophiles. Alkylated products were obtained in yield up to 80% and enantiomeric excesses up to 96% using only chirality of crystal. The deprotection of alkylated products leads to the formation of enantienriched α-amino acids
Meyer, Luc. "Auxiliaires chiraux à centre d'aiguillage : nouveaux outils en synthèse asymétrique. Application à la synthèse d'α-aminoacides de configuration (R) ou (S)." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES063.
Full textYaouancq, Loïc. "Méthodologie de synthèse et applications des glycines α-hétérosubstituées." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P602.
Full textThis thesis described in the first part. The methodology for the synthesis of the orthogonally protected α-alkylamino glycines. The method developed in our laboratory permit to obtain in two steps theses aminoacids analogs directly usable in peptide synthesis. With this method a large quantity of analogs has been synthesized, only the analogs of cystein and aspartate are not synthesisable due to their intrinsic instability. We have tested different aminoacid analogues in peptide synthesis in Cbz-/Boc- strategy. Unfortunately, the deprotection of the Boc- group is not possible without degradation of the unprotected product due to labile carbon α-nitrogen bond under acidic condition used for the deprotection. Nevertheless, it demonstrates the capability to use theses orthogonally protected a-amino substituted glycines in peptide synthesis. The second part of the PhD concern the design and the synthesis of one new chromogenic substrate and three mechanismbased inhibitor of the D-Analyl-D-Alanine aminopeptidase (VanX)
Viret, Joëlle. "Contribution à l'étude des α-hydrazinoacides et des hydrazinopeptides." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066593.
Full textKassem, Tarek. "Nouvelle approche à la synthèse diastéréosélective de γ-hydroxy-α-aminoacides." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20134.
Full textAjram, Ghinwa. "Energetic processes driving potential peptide protometabolisms at the origin of living systems." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS119/document.
Full textThe thesis addresses several issues in prebiotic chemistry in the context of the origins of life through a systems chemistry approach. The first part is devoted to the study of chemical activation processes that are not only important in the formation of polymers, but also to feed the system with energy in order that a far from equilibrium state is maintained, a prerequisite for self-organization. It has been suggested that 5(4H)-oxazolones intermediates formed by C-terminus peptide activation could be involved in self-organization of life. To this aim, we have checked the reactivity of relevant prebiotic reagents previously proposed to activate α-amino acids. None of them led to a satisfactory C-terminus activation of peptides, showing that no general process for feeding a protometabolism of peptides with energy is identified yet, with the notable exception of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) that can be formed through prebiotically relevant pathways. Additionally, we demonstrated that carbodiimides reagents are as efficient in the activation of N-carbamoyl amino acids as in that of the C-terminus of peptides in diluted aqueous media. The second part of the dissertation discloses new results in support of a process of coevolution of peptides and nucleotides. Firstly, a study of non-enzymatic aminoacylation reagents of the 3’-terminus of RNA is presented. Secondly, we assessed co-polymers of α-amino acids and nucleotides bound by phosphoramidate and ester linkages as potential players in chemical evolution. The kinetic relevance of these structures was demonstrated as well as potential chemical processes that allow their formation
Marat, Xavier. "Synthèses asymétriques et réarrangements anionotropiques de dérivés d'acides carboxyliques ou phosphoniques β-cétoniques α, α'-disubstitués." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20072.
Full textDouat, Céline. "Nouvelle synthèse d' α-amino aldéhydes N-protégés/ incorporation post-synthèse de chaînes lipidiques dans des peptides sur support solide." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON13515.
Full textDuodu, Portia. "Site-specific photo-proteolysis of proteins and peptides by incorporation of unnatural amino acid : synthesis and characterization of photo-activatable α-amino acid." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6228.
Full textProtein structures involved in post translational modifications of physiological events such as blood clotting, cell death and membrane signaling, mostly require proteolytic activation of their inactive proprotein forms. The present thesis work is a contribution to the biochemistry field, and focuses on the development of a photo-protease as an efficient molecular tool for protein dynamic studies. Photo-proteases adopt an identical concept as for “caged biomolecules”. In fact, illumination of a protein having its polypeptide backbone sequence mutated with a photoactivatable amino acid, induces cleavage of the polypeptide backbone at the specific site of incorporation of the unnatural amino acid, releasing thereof functional peptides/proteins. This methodology offers a spatio-temporal controlled proteolysis, with the use of light being harmless to most living tissues at λ>300nm. One such amino acid was conceived: DMNPA. A stereodivergent synthesis to optical isomers was established, and polypeptide backbone cleavage properties have been assessed on short peptidyl sequences. Photolysis of model peptides revealed a near-UV probe interesting for targeted proteolysis in living cells. We have also developed an original two-step processing reaction leading to efficient amide bond cleavage after UV illumination. Thus a new and efficient biomolecular tool is now accessible for site-specific proteolysis. This state of the art molecular system, is very adapted to current methods of cell delivery of bioagents, notably the nonsense codon suppression methodology, and should find useful applications in phototriggering physiological events in vitro likewise in vivo
Labéguère, Frédéric. "Synthèse de nouveaux synthons glycosyl-α-aminoacides et de glycopeptides dérivés." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20188.
Full textColson, Eric. "Synthèse de dérivés de la 6-amino-2-phényl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4-one (N-substituée par divers α-aminoacides et dipeptides) : évaluation de leur pouvoir inhibiteur vis-à-vis de l'élastase leucocytaire humaine." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10216.
Full textPages, Thierry. "Méthodologies d'accès à des aminoacides aromatiques α-méthylés et marqués au fluor 18 pour l'étude des phénomènes de neurotransmission par tomographie par émission de positons." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10055.
Full textClaudel, Stéphanie. "Les peptides Vinylogues : des nouveaux outils pour la préparation d'analogues contraints de la substance P, de γ-aminoacides α, β-hydroxylés et de dihydroxylactames." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10039.
Full textThis work concerns conception and synthesis of modified peptides and is divided in two parts. Firstly, it's the insertion of vinylogous amino acids with cis and trans conformation in neuropeptide of eleven amino acids which is substance P in order to understand its interaction with NK-1 receptor. A second study has been oriented on the preparation of g-amino peptides by hydrogenation of previous vinylogous amino acids. This structural modification has given a new SP's analog which has been tested. The second part is the methodology of synthesis using vinylogous peptides and is divided in three chapters. First one presents dihydroxylation's results of these residues with an asymmetric induction using chiral catalyst to obtain dihydroxylated g-amino acids. Second one is an application of these studies with a total synthesis of natural product extracted from nyctinastic plant. And the last one deals with preparation of dihydroxylated lactams leading to the synthesis of new azasugars
Tarrade, Aurélie. "Nouvelle voie d'accès aux 2,3-aziridino-γ-lactones : application à la synthèse d'acides aminés naturels : l'acide (-)-polyoxamique et l'APTO, issu des microsclérodermines C et D." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112185.
Full textThis study deals with the novel synthesis of chiral bicyclic compounds and their use as precursors of polysubstituted α- and β-amino acids. First, 2,3-aziridino-γ-lactones were prepared in a stereocontrolled manner from D- ribonolactone. The acid-catalyzed nucleophilic ring opening of these compounds was then studied. Soft nucleophiles lead, under orbital control, to aziridine ring opening at C-2 position whereas hard nucleophiles, whose reactivity is under charge control, give rise to aziridine ring-opened product at the C-3 position. Therefore, by choosing the appropriate reagent (soft or hard), 2,3-aziridino--γ-lactones can generate either α-substituted β-amino acids or β-substituted α-amino acids respectively. Secondly, these observations were applied to the synthesis of complex naturally occurring amino acids. Thus, (-)-polyoxamic acid, the α-amino acid constituent of polyoxins, was prepared in 8 steps from D-ribonolactone, through the formation of a 2,3- aziridino-γ-lactone. Moreover, an approach to the stereoselective synthesis of a β-amino acid component of microsclerodermins C and D was developed based on the preparation of the appropriate aziridine-lactone, followed by the regioselective aziridine ring opening at the C-2 position. Parallel to this work, a direct copper-catalyzed aziridination of olefins bu sulfonamides mediated by iodosylbenzene was developed. This efficient procedure avoids the delicate isolation of the intermediate iminoiodanes
Patino, Nadia. "Peptides fluorés : intérêt et synthèse de peptides incorporant dans leur structure un acide α-aminé β-fluoré." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4274.
Full textCapra, Julien. "Synthèse biomimétique de composés azotés biologiquement actifs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711703.
Full textLiron, Mélanie. "Synthèse totale de la quinocarcine." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002175.
Full textHu, Xiaobo. "Synthèse, analyses structurales et assemblage de foldamères oligoamide hydrosolubles à base de quinolines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0611/document.
Full textFoldamer chemistry is a rapidly expanding research field where chemists explore the construction of various artificial architectures that mimic the folded structures of biopolymers found in nature. Quinoline oligoamide foldamers, as an important branch of foldamers, have been shown to possess many desirable features, including stability and predictability of their folded conformations, and are promising candidates to achieve biological applications. Up to now, most investigations of quinoline oligoamide foldamers have been carried out in organic solvents. This thesis is aimed to expand their scope in aqueous medium and presents several methodologies to achieve solubility, folding, side-chain variation, aggregation and crystal growth ability in water.First, a solid phase synthesis method was developed to enable the fast access to α-amino acid/quinoline (X/Q) hybrid oligoamide foldamers. The study of these hybrid foldamers in water showed that contrary to (XQ)n-type foldamers the (XQ2)n-type foldamers could adopt aromatic helical conformations with α-amino acid side chains aligned in space. Then, several short side chains were identified to endow aromatic foldamers with both solubility in, and crystal growth ability from water. Six quinoline oligoamides displaying these side chains were synthesized as a case study. Crystals were obtained from aqueous medium in all cases but one, exceedingly soluble in water. At last, efforts were made to construct self-assembled aromatic helix bundles in water based on hydrophobic effects and electrostatic interactions. NMR and crystallographic studies indicated that hydrophobic effects are weaker than expected and not strongly conducive of aggregation
Mohammadpourmir, Fatemeh. "Synthesis of Aza- and α,α-disubstituted Glycinyl peptides and application of their electronic and steric interactions for controlling peptide folding, and for biomedical applications." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21698.
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