Journal articles on the topic 'Acide sulfate soils'
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Hara, Junko, Yasuhide Sakamoto, and Yoshishige Kawabe. "Evaluation of Natural Degradation of Persistent Organic Chemicals in Acid Sulfate Soils Distributed in a Coastal Area." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 7, no. 6 (2016): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2016.v7.816.
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KIMPE, C. R. DE, M. R. LAVERDIERE, and R. W. BARIL. "CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES SOLS SULFATÉS ACIDES DE LA SÉRIE DE L'ANSE EN MILIEU ESTUARIEN (QUÉBEC)." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-056.
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Acid sulfate soils were sampled according to the transect method in four bays along the south shore of the St. Lawrence river to determine their properties in their area of distribution. In each bay, six profiles of cultivated soils were sampled along a transect perpendicular to the river. One non-cultivated profile was also sampled at l'Isle-Verte. The lower limit of the B horizons, between 79 and 89 cm, suggested a homogeneous development of these soils across the area. Most profiles contained jarosite in the lower Bg and, sometimes, in the C horizons; this mineral was absent in the upper part of the profiles of soils that had been limed prior to cultivation. Total S content increased with depth, but only a few horizons had a content > 0.75% presumably because of sulfate leaching once the soils were drained. Organic C content in the de l'Anse soils decreased less rapidly with depth than in other gleysolic soils, because vegetation grew while sediments were being deposited. Key words: Acid sulfate soils, total S, recent marine sediments, jarosite
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Yau, C. C., V. N. L. Wong, and D. M. Kennedy. "Soil chemistry and acidification risk of acid sulfate soils on a temperate estuarine floodplain in southern Australia." Soil Research 54, no. 7 (2016): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15174.
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The distribution and geochemical characterisation of coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS) in Victoria in southern Australia is relatively poorly understood. This study investigated and characterised CASS and sulfidic material at four sites (wetland (WE), swamp scrub (SS), woodland (WO) and coastal tussock saltmarsh (CTS)) on the estuarine floodplain of the Anglesea River in southern Australia. Shell material and seawater buffered acidity generated and provided acid-neutralising capacity (up to 10.65% CaCO3-equivalent) at the sites located on the lower estuarine floodplain (WO and CTS). The SS site, located on the upper estuarine floodplain, can potentially acidify soil and water due to high positive net acidity (>200molH+t–1) and a limited acid-neutralising capacity. High titratable actual acidity in the SS and WO profiles (>270molH+t–1) were the result of high organic matter in peat-like layers that can potentially contribute organic acids in addition to acidity formed from oxidation of sulfidic sediments. The results of the present study suggest that the environments and chemistry of acid sulfate soils in southern Australia are distinct from those located in eastern Australia; this may be related to differences in estuarine processes that affect formation of acid sulfate soils, as well as the geomorphology and geology of the catchment.
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Nanba, K., and Gary M. King. "Response of Atmospheric Methane Consumption by Maine Forest Soils to Exogenous Aluminum Salts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 3674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.9.3674-3679.2000.
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ABSTRACT Atmospheric methane consumption by Maine forest soils was inhibited by additions of environmentally relevant levels of aluminum. Aluminum chloride was more inhibitory than nitrate or sulfate salts, but its effect was comparable to that of a chelated form of aluminum. Inhibition could be explained in part by the lower soil pH values which resulted from aluminum addition. However, significantly greater inhibition by aluminum than by mineral acids at equivalent soil pH values indicated that inhibition also resulted from direct effects of aluminum per se. The extent of inhibition by exogenous aluminum increased with increasing methane concentration for soils incubated in vitro. At methane concentrations of >10 ppm, inhibition could be observed when aluminum chloride was added at concentrations as low as 10 nmol g (fresh weight) of soil−1. These results suggest that widespread acidification of soils and aluminum mobilization due to acid precipitation may exacerbate inhibition of atmospheric methane consumption due to changes in other parameters and increase the contribution of methane to global warming.
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Inubushi, Kazuyuki, Kenzo Hori, Satoshi Matsumoto, and Hidenori Wada. "Anaerobic decomposition of organic carbon in paddy soil in relation to methane emission to the atmosphere." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (September 1, 1997): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0632.
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Paddy fields are regarded as one of the most important sources of methane emission which is enhancing global warming. To estimate decomposition processes of organic carbon in paddy soil quantitatively, firstly, kinetics of anaerobic decomposition of soil organic carbon (C) were investigated in laboratory experiments with or without organic amendments at 5, 20, 30 and 40 °C for 84 days of incubation. Produced CH4, CO2 and accumulated fatty acids were measured periodically, and first-order kinetics models were applied to the amount of decomposed C. Two components' model fitted decomposition pattern for unamended soil, but not for glucose or alanine-amended soils. To compare the parameters included in the model with those of adjacent upland soil, paddy soil contained smaller but faster components of decomposable organic matter. Secondly, methane emission from paddy soil was examined in paddy soil microcosms to find the possible mitigation options for reduction of the emission. Ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate (S) were applied to compare with ammonium chloride and potassium chloride (C). Additionally ferrous oxide (F) was also applied to half sets of each treatment to make totally four treatments. Methane emission rate was significantly reduced by addition of S, much more effective than addition of F. Gas formation in the soil corresponded with the amendments, and the ratio of produced CH4 to CO2 decreased by addition of S at peak time of methane emission.
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Reyes-Ortigoza, Amada Laura. "Características de la actividad enzimática y el humus en suelos de chinampa." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v37i4.487.
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The chinampas are protected natural areas that have suffered degradation due to saline contamination and type of management. The objective was to study enzymatic activity and type of humus in chinampas with different salinity, land use and geographical location. Forty-five soil samples were studied, 15 at each site (Xochimilco, San Gregorio Atlapulco (SGA) and Tláhuac). Each site had a different use: five had pastures, five had agricultural crops and five were abandoned. pH, EC, saline ions, enzymatic activity (glucosidase, phosphatase, urease, sulfatase, catalase and dehydrogenase) and carbon in humic substances were evaluated. EC, PSI and pH classified the cultivated soils of SGA and Xochimilco as saline, but in Tláhuac the soils of abandoned and pasture chinampas were sodic saline. Geographic location and land use changed enzyme activity (except for urease and glucosidase) and characteristics of the humus [percentages of carbon of humic acids (HA) (humic acids), fulvic acids (FA), and humins]. There were statistical differences (Tukey P < 0.05). The cultivated soils had more urease, phosphatase and sulfatase activity, while in the pasturelands dehydrogenase and catalase were more active. Higher carbon content in AH was found in pastureland and chinampas of Tlahuac, while in SGA and abandoned chinampas carbon content was higher in FA.
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Marchi, Giuliano, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme, and Andrew C. Chang. "Plant availability of trace elements in sewage sludge-treated soils: methodology¹." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35, no. 4 (August 2011): 1453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832011000400039.
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Synthetic root exudates were formulated based on the organic acid composition of root exudates derived from the rhizosphere of aseptically grown corn plants, pH of the rhizosphere, and the background chemical matrices of the soil solutions. The synthetic root exudates, which mimic the chemical conditions of the rhizosphere environment where soil-borne metals are dissolved and absorbed by plants, were used to extract metals from sewage-sludge treated soils 16 successive times. The concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Cu of the sludge-treated soil were 71.74, 0.21, 15.90, 58.12, and 37.44 mg kg-1, respectively. The composition of synthetic root exudates consisted of acetic, butyric, glutaric, lactic, maleic, propionic, pyruvic, succinic, tartaric, and valeric acids. The organic acid mixtures had concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mol L-1 -COOH. The trace elements removed by successive extractions may be considered representative for the availability of these metals to plants in these soils. The chemical speciation of the metals in the liquid phase was calculated; results showed that metals in sludge-treated soils were dissolved and formed soluble complexes with the different organic acid-based root exudates. The most reactive organic acid ligands were lactate, maleate, tartarate, and acetate. The inorganic ligands of chloride and sulfate played insignificant roles in metal dissolution. Except for Cd, free ions did not represent an important chemical species of the metals in the soil rhizosphere. As different metals formed soluble complexes with different ligands in the rhizosphere, no extractor, based on a single reagent would be able to recover all of the potentially plant-available metals from soils; the root exudate-derived organic acid mixtures tested in this study may be better suited to recover potentially plant-available metals from soils than the conventional extractors.
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Martinez, C. E., A. W. Kleinschmidt, and M. A. Tabatabai. "Sulfate adsorption by variable charge soils: Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids." Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, no. 3 (February 20, 1998): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050361.
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COOTE, D. R., S. SHAH SINGH, and C. WANG. "A PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE RELATIVE IMPACT OF ACID RAIN AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON ACIDITY OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN CANADA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-061.
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Acid rain and N fertilizers both contribute to soil acidity, but no method has been available to compare their relative impacts. A simple model (SOLACID) is presented to assess quantitatively the acidifying effects of precipitation and N fertilizers on agricultural soils. Acid rain has been treated as a dilute solution of NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 and associated acids. Soil and plant pathways are considered for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] by way of leaching, gaseous losses from microbial reduction, plant uptake and removal, and organic immobilization and mineralization. Leaching of [Formula: see text] was the factor to which the model was most sensitive. A relationship between base saturation and base cation leaching is described. Field data reported from 21 treatments at six experimental sites were used to test the model, which provided reliable estimates of final pH (r2 = 0.92**) and of changes in base saturation (r2 = 0.86**). Compared with previously published methods, the model provided the best estimates of lime requirements as computed from field measurements (r2 = 0.87**). Key words: Ammonia, sulfate, leaching, nitrification
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Evans, A., and T. J. Anderson. "Aliphatic Acids: Influence on Sulfate Mobility in a Forested Cecil Soil." Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, no. 4 (July 1990): 1136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400040036x.
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Lisowska, Aneta, Barbara Filipek-Mazur, Józef Sołtys, Marcin Niemiec, Olga Gorczyca, Dominika Bar-Michalczyk, Monika Komorowska, et al. "Preparation, Characterization of Granulated Sulfur Fertilizers and Their Effects on a Sandy Soils." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020612.
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There is a potential for using sulfur waste in agriculture. The main objective of this study was to design a granular fertilizer based on waste elemental sulfur. Humic acids and halloysite were used to improve the properties and their influence on soil properties. This is the first report on the use of proposed materials for fertilizer production. The following granular fertilizers were prepared (the percentage share of component weight is given in brackets): fertilizer A (waste sulfur (95%) + halloysite (5%)), fertilizer B (waste sulfur (81%) + halloysite (5%) + humic acids (14%)), fertilizer C (waste sulfur (50%) + halloysite (50%)) and fertilizer D (waste sulfur (46%) + halloysite (46%) + humic acids (8%)). Basic properties of the obtained granulates were determined. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of the prepared fertilizers on soil pH, electrolytic conductivity, and sulfate content was examined in a 90-day incubation experiment. Enrichment with humic acids and the higher amount of halloysite increased the fertilizer properties (especially the share of larger granules and bulk density). In addition, it stabilized soil pH and increased the sulfur content (extracted with 0.01 mol·L−1 CaCl2 and Mehlich 3) in the soil.
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Bannert, A., C. Bogen, J. Esperschütz, A. Koubová, F. Buegger, D. Fischer, V. Radl, et al. "Anaerobic oxidation of methane in grassland soils used for cattle husbandry." Biogeosciences 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2012): 3891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3891-2012.
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Abstract. While the importance of anaerobic methane oxidation has been reported for marine ecosystems, the role of this process in soils is still questionable. Grasslands used as pastures for cattle overwintering show an increase in anaerobic soil micro-sites caused by animal treading and excrement deposition. Therefore, anaerobic potential methane oxidation activity of severely impacted soil from a cattle winter pasture was investigated in an incubation experiment under anaerobic conditions using 13C-labelled methane. We were able to detect a high microbial activity utilizing CH4 as nutrient source shown by the respiration of 13CO2. Measurements of possible terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic oxidation of methane were carried out. Soil sulfate concentrations were too low to explain the oxidation of the amount of methane added, but enough nitrate and iron(III) were detected. However, only nitrate was consumed during the experiment. 13C-PLFA analyses clearly showed the utilization of CH4 as nutrient source mainly by organisms harbouring 16:1ω7 PLFAs. These lipids were also found as most 13C-enriched fatty acids by Raghoebarsing et al. (2006) after addition of 13CH4 to an enrichment culture coupling denitrification of nitrate to anaerobic oxidation of methane. This might be an indication for anaerobic oxidation of methane by relatives of "Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera" in the investigated grassland soil under the conditions of the incubation experiment.
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Syrchina, Nadezhda V., Tamara Ya Ashikhmina, Nadezhda N. Bogatyreva, and Grigory Ya Kantor. "The optimization of the composition of fertilizers based on milled phosphorites." Butlerov Communications 60, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-133.
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The phosphorites of many domestic deposits can be used as cheap natural phosphorus fertilizers of regional importance. The limitation of their use is due to the low solubility and, consequently, low agrochemical effectiveness. To increase the solubility of phosphorites (activation), it is proposed to use the method of granulation of phosphorite flour (PF) with an organomineral additive containing milled sulfur, glauconite and highly decomposed peat, dispersed by hydrodynamic cavitation. Phosphate activation is ensured by acids formed in the process of microbiological oxidation of sulfur in soils (convert insoluble phosphates to more soluble hydrophosphates), glauconite (promotes adsorption and ion exchange binding of cations that form insoluble phosphates, activates soil microbiota) and humic acid peat (oxides into stable complexes, stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms). In laboratory conditions, samples of the corresponding organic-mineral fertilizer were obtained. As phosphate raw materials, the PF of the Vyatka-Kama deposit (Russia) and the Khneifis deposit (Syria) were used. The study of the effect of fertilizer on the chemical composition of soils was carried out in a laboratory experiment. As a comparison object, simple superphosphate was used. Fertilizers were applied to the soil in an amount of 0.1 g per 1 kg of air-dried soil. It was revealed that already 7 days after fertilizing, the mobility of phosphorus increases by 31-45%, while the pH of the soil solution does not change. The sulfate content in soils increased by an average of 33%. In all variants of the experiment, the application of activated PF in the soil led to the same result as the application of simple superphosphate. Based on PF and an activating organomineral additive, a granular form of phosphorus fertilizer with sulfur and humic substances can be obtained that is not inferior in effectiveness to simple superphosphate. The production of appropriate fertilizer can be arranged at small enterprises and directly at phosphate mines, which will create new jobs and provide regional crop production with relatively cheap and fairly effective forms of phosphate fertilizers that comply with the principles of green chemistry. The composition and technology of fertilizer production make it possible to position it as a natural organic-mineral fertilizer for organic farming.
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Rezgui, Raja, Zouhaier Ben Ali Gam, Said Ben Hamed, Marie-Laure Fardeau, Jean-Luc Cayol, Abderrazak Maaroufi, and Marc Labat. "Sporosalibacterium faouarense gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from oil-contaminated soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.017715-0.
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A novel strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic and mesophilic bacterium, designated strain SOL3f37T, was isolated from a hydrocarbon-polluted soil surrounding a deep petroleum environment located in south Tunisia. Cells of strain SOL3f37T stained Gram-positive and were motile, straight and spore-forming. Strain SOL3f37T had a typical Gram-positive-type cell-wall structure, unlike the thick, multilayered cell wall of its closest relative Clostridiisalibacter paucivorans. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (41 %), iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and/or iso-C15 : 0 dimethyl acetal (21.6 %), iso-C13 : 0 (4.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (3.9 %) and iso-C15 : 1 (2.8 %). Strain SOL3f37T grew between 20 and 48 °C (optimum 40 °C) and at pH 6.2–8.1 (optimum pH 6.9). Strain SOL3f37T required at least 0.5 g NaCl l−1 and grew in the presence of NaCl concentrations up to 150 g l−1 (optimum 40 g l−1). Yeast extract (2 g l−1) was required for degradation of pyruvate, fumarate, fructose, glucose and mannitol. Also, strain SOL3f37T grew heterotrophically on yeast extract, peptone and bio-Trypticase, but was unable to grow on Casamino acids. Sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite, elemental sulfur, fumarate, nitrate and nitrite were not reduced. The DNA G+C content was 30.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SOL3f37T was a member of the family Clostridiaceae in the order Clostridiales; strain SOL3f37T was related to members of various genera of the family Clostridiaceae. It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (93.4 %) with Clostridiisalibacter paucivorans 37HS60T, 91.8 % with Thermohalobacter berrensis CTT3T and 91.7 % with Caloranaerobacter azorensis MV1087T. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic data, it is suggested that strain SOL3f37T represents a novel species in a new genus. The name Sporosalibacterium faouarense gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with SOL3f37T (=DSM 21485T =JCM 15487T) as the type strain of Sporosalibacterium faouarense.
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Mottaleb, Shady Abdel, Ahmed Z. A. Hassan, Reham El-Bahbohy, and Abdel Wahab M. Mahmoud. "Are Copper Nanoparticles Toxic to All Plants? A Case Study on Onion (Allium cepa L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11051006.
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Sandy soils with high alkalinity are characterized by low copper (Cu) contents that lead to many deficiency symptoms in plants. Cu deficiency in plants can be corrected using several cheap Cu sources. Nevertheless, the effects that novel sources, such as Cu nanoparticles (NPs), have on plants remain poorly studied. In the present work, we investigated the effect and efficiency of Cu supplementation to onion (Allium cepa L.) plants using Cu sulfate, chelate, or NPs, and compared their effects on bulb quality, yield, and contents of phytochemicals. Two successive seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) of field experiments were conducted in newly reclaimed sandy soils, where plants were sprayed with either 10 ppm CuO NPs, 20 ppm CuSO4·5H2O, or 20 ppm of Cu chelates. Overall, Cu deficiency (control) resulted in a significant decrease in yield and all quality traits of onion plants. CuO NPs treatment significantly enhanced growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, yield, and bulb quality, compared with Cu sulfate and chelates. This was also the case regarding chemical constituents such as macro- and micro-nutrients, total soluble solids, phytochemical compounds, vitamins, and amino acids. Although Cu sulfate is the cheapest form used for Cu supplementation, results of the present study suggest that CuO NPs was not only safe to use, but also was the treatment that led to the highest onion yield and quality.
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Baryshnikova, A. V. "THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE BIOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF LETTUCE IN PROTECTED SOIL." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 1, no. 23 (March 2022): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2022-23-41-53.
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The work is devoted to the fertilization of vegetable crops. In the conditions of the vegetation ex-periment, a different ratio of lettuce plants to mineral fertilizers and micro fertilizers was estab-lished. The greatest effect in increasing the aboveground mass of lettuce was obtained with the addition of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, boron and manganese. The introduction of ammonium nitrate into the protected soil during the cultivation of lettuce led to an increase in aboveground biomass, height and area of plant leaves. Fertilization of lettuce with silvinite led to an increase in the aboveground mass, leaf area, an increase in the water-holding capacity of the leaves and an increase in the level of soluble solids in the juice. When a simple superphosphate was introduced into the soil, the aboveground mass of lettuce, the water-holding capacity of the leaves, the content of organic acids and dry soluble substances in the juice increased. Liming the soil with chalk was a stress factor for plants, increasing only the level of ascorbic acid. The intro-duction of copper sulfate, boric acid and potassium permanganate into the soil under the salad in-creased the aboveground mass, the content of organic acids, soluble solids in the juice. The intro-duction of 7-water magnesium sulfate into the soil increased the content of chloro-phyll A, B and the sum of all pigments in lettuce leaves. The most important mineral elements for lettuce were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, copper, manganese and magnesium.
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Tervahattu, H., J. Juhanoja, V. Vaida, A. F. Tuck, J. V. Niemi, K. Kupiainen, M. Kulmala, and H. Vehkamäki. "Fatty acids on continental sulfate aerosol particles." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 110, no. D6 (March 25, 2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005400.
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EVANS, A., and LUCIAN W. ZELAZNY. "KINETICS OF ALUMINUM AND SULFATE RELEASE FROM FOREST SOIL BY MONO- AND DIPROTIC ALIPHATIC ACIDS." Soil Science 149, no. 6 (June 1990): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199006000-00002.
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Isaychev, V., N. Andreev, and F. Mudarisov. "Influence of macro and microelements on the biological value of wheat grain." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/2/022130.
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Abstract This paper considers the influence of manganese and zinc sulfate, as well as Megamix-Zinc on the protein quality of grain of winter and spring wheat, when cultivating it on soils with a deficiency of certain microelements. It was found that treatment of seeds and growing plants of experimental crops with the studied preparations increased the content of the essential limiting amino acids in the grain of winter wheat - lysine by 85.7%, threonine by 116.7%, isoleucine + leucine by 20.9%, phenylalanine + tyrosine by 33.3% compared to the control variant. A rise in the amount and amino acid score of such limiting amino acids as lysine and threonine is also observed, which leads to a decline in the coefficient of difference of amino-acid scores up to 75.5% and an increase in the biological value of the total protein up to 24.5%. The total amount of amino acids in the grain of spring wheat increased when Megamix-Zinc was used in the cultivation technology, both on soils with natural fertility and with application of mineral fertilizers, which is associated with a rise in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism. The increase in relation to the control group is 0.42 - 1.34 mg/g, depending on the variant. Under the influence of the factors used, amino acid score of individual amino acids of the spring wheat protein increases in relation to the control group up to 2.1%.
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Saenko, Y. V., A. M. Shiranov, and A. L. Nevzorov. "MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM AND TRENDS ITS UTILIZATION." Construction and Geotechnics 12, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.3.09.
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Phosphogypsum is a waste obtained by binding calcium in the process of sulfuric acid decomposition of phosphate raw materials in the production of phosphorus fertilizers. The article presents the results of complex laboratory studies of more than 500 samples of calcium sulfate hemihydrate and dihydrate. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) is a solid fine-crystalline substance of white or gray color with the inclusion of large aggregates. Deformability, strength properties and permeability of calcium sulfate dihydrate were determined on specially prepared samples with a relative compaction of 0.95; 0.90 and 0.80 by the methods used in engineering and geological surveys. The internal friction angle, cohesion and coefficient of permeability have values typical for silty sands and sandy loam, and the compressibility characteristics are significantly lower due to the solubility of matter. This material is characterized by subsidence and suffusion sediment characteristic of carbonate rocks (dolomite, limestone). Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O) - a loose earthy mass of white or gray color, as the process of hydration and the appearance of cementation bonds turns into a semi-rocky technogenic soil of low strength. The characteristics of calcium sulfate hemihydrate were determined on the undisturbed samples taken from the dump after 1 and 6 months, 1, 5 and 10 years after storage. These characteristics are comparable to construction gypsum materials from lower grades. It is recommended to use calcium sulfate dihydrate as ground material when carrying out water-protective measures and neutralizing the acids contained in it, the use of calcium sulfate hemihydrate is significantly limited by its setting time.
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Xuan, Tran Dang, Can Thu Huong, Nguyen Van Quan, La Hoang Anh, Tran Dang Khanh, and Ramin Rayee. "Improvement of Salinity Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Exogenous Magnesium Sulfate Application." Soil Systems 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6030069.
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This study was conducted to develop the salt tolerance of rice by exogenous application of magnesium sulfate supplement (MgSO4). The salinization was carried out on 7-day-old rice seedlings including BC15 (salinity tolerant) and DT84DB (salinity susceptible) varieties with 0.5 mM MgSO4. The exogenous application of MgSO4 significantly improves the growth of seedlings of both varieties. In addition, antioxidant activities increase in line with the raise of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Remarkably, the contents of momilactone B (MB) and phenolic compounds including tricin, ρ-coumaric, salicylic, cinnamic, benzoic, and ferulic acids simultaneously rise in both varieties treated by salinity and 0.5 mM MgSO4. Interestingly, MB was not found in the salt-treated samples but presents with considerable contents in the salt and MgSO4-treated cultivars. The findings imply that MgSO4 may significantly improve the salt tolerance of rice seedlings through the enhancement of secondary metabolic synthesis pathways, of which phenolic acids and momilactone B may play a crucial role in the response of rice to salt stress. In contrast, momilactone A (MA) did not show any contribution in salinity tolerance of examined rice cultivars at the early seedling stage. Further investigations on the effect of MgSO4 exogenous application in improving salinity tolerance of various rice varieties at other growing stages should be carried out.
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EVANS, A. "THE INTERACTION OF ALIPHATIC ACIDS WITH BASIC ALUMINUM SULFATES IN A FORESTED ULTISOL." Soil Science 152, no. 1 (July 1991): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199107000-00008.
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Bohacz, Justyna, Michał Możejko, and Ignacy Kitowski. "Arthroderma tuberculatum and Arthroderma multifidum Isolated from Soils in Rook (Corvus frugilegus) Colonies as Producers of Keratinolytic Enzymes and Mineral Forms of N and S." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 9162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249162.
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Keratinolytic fungi representing the genus Arthroderma that were isolated from the soils of a rook (Corvus frugilegus) colony were used as biological agents for the disposal of waste feathers. The aim of this study was to assess the abilities of Arthroderma tuberculatum and Arthroderma multifidum fungi with a varied inflow of keratin matter to biodegrade waste feathers. The evaluation was based on the determination of feather mass loss, the activity of keratinolytic enzymes, and the content of mineral N and S forms. It was found that the activity of protease released by the fungi contributed to an increase in the level of soluble proteins and peptides and the concentration of ammonium ions, as well as alkalization of the culture medium. Keratinase activity was significantly correlated with sulfate release, especially in A. tuberculatum cultures. The strains of A. tuberculatum fungi isolated from the soil with the highest supply of organic matter, i.e., strains III, IV, and V, had the lowest enzymatic activity, compared to the A. multifidum strains, but they released mineral nitrogen and sulfur forms that are highly important for fertilization, as well as nutritionally important peptides and amino acids. A. tuberculatum strains can be used for the management of waste feathers that can be applied in agricultural practice.
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Koizumi, Yoshikazu, John J. Kelly, Tatsunori Nakagawa, Hidetoshi Urakawa, Saïd El-Fantroussi, Saleh Al-Muzaini, Manabu Fukui, Yoshikuni Urushigawa, and David A. Stahl. "Parallel Characterization of Anaerobic Toluene- and Ethylbenzene-Degrading Microbial Consortia by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, RNA-DNA Membrane Hybridization, and DNA Microarray Technology." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 7 (July 2002): 3215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.7.3215-3225.2002.
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ABSTRACT A mesophilic toluene-degrading consortium (TDC) and an ethylbenzene-degrading consortium (EDC) were established under sulfate-reducing conditions. These consortia were first characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments, followed by sequencing. The sequences of the major bands (T-1 and E-2) belonging to TDC and EDC, respectively, were affiliated with the family Desulfobacteriaceae. Another major band from EDC (E-1) was related to an uncultured non-sulfate-reducing soil bacterium. Oligonucleotide probes specific for the 16S rRNAs of target organisms corresponding to T-1, E-1, and E-2 were designed, and hybridization conditions were optimized for two analytical formats, membrane and DNA microarray hybridization. Both formats were used to characterize the TDC and EDC, and the results of both were consistent with DGGE analysis. In order to assess the utility of the microarray format for analysis of environmental samples, oil-contaminated sediments from the coast of Kuwait were analyzed. The DNA microarray successfully detected bacterial nucleic acids from these samples, but probes targeting specific groups of sulfate-reducing bacteria did not give positive signals. The results of this study demonstrate the limitations and the potential utility of DNA microarrays for microbial community analysis.
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Lee, Sunhui, Edward J. O'Loughlin, and Man Jae Kwon. "Impact of organic acids and sulfate on the biogeochemical properties of soil from urban subsurface environments." Journal of Environmental Management 292 (August 2021): 112756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112756.
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Blank, RR, and DC Zamudio. "The Influence of Wildfire on Aqueous-Extractable Soil Solutes in Forested and Wet Meadow Ecosystems Along the Eastern Front of the Sierra-Nevada Range, California." International Journal of Wildland Fire 8, no. 2 (1998): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9980079.
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Information is lacking regarding the influence of pre-fire microsite conditions on post-wildfire soil chemical properties. Following a 1994 wildfire along the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada range, California, high performance ion exchange chromatography was used to quantify anions and cations in aqueous soil extracts by plant microsite (Pinus jeffreyi subcanopy, Calocedrus decurrens subcanopy, Carer microptera meadow, Salix scouleriana subcanopy), by depth (ash or litter, mineral soil horizon 0-5 cm), and by treatment (unburned, burned). As compared to the unburned treatment, post-wildfire ash and surface mineral horizons had significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) higher concentrations of sodium, magnesium, formate, and chloride. Plant microsite interacted significantly with treatment for ammonium; all plant microsites had significantly higher ammonium in burned treatments and burned S. scouleriana and C. microptera microsites had significantly more ammonium than the C. decurrens or P. jeffreyi microsites. For pH and acetate there was a significant treatment × depth interaction in which concentrations were highest in burned ash layers. For sulfate, ortho-phosphate, and calcium, there was a significant plant microsite × treatment × depth interaction. In general, post-wildfire ash and soil mineral layers had significantly more sulfate and calcium than the unburned controls; ash layers contained significantly less ortho-phosphate than unburned litter layers. There was a significant treatment × depth interaction for magnesium, chloride, formate, acetate, potassium, and nitrate. Initial post-wildfire levels of short-chained aliphatic carboxylic acids were very high, especially in ash layers, and did not decline to preburn values by the following summer.
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Lim, Kong Boon, Marilen P. Balolong, Sang Hoon Kim, Ju Kyoung Oh, Ji Yoon Lee, and Dae-Kyung Kang. "Isolation and Characterization of a Broad Spectrum Bacteriocin fromBacillus amyloliquefaciensRX7." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8521476.
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We isolated aBacillusstrain, RX7, with inhibitory activity againstListeria monocytogenesfrom soil and identified it asBacillus amyloliquefaciensbased on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The inhibitory activity was stable over a wide range of pH and was fully retained after 30 min at 80°C, after which it decreased gradually at higher temperatures. The activity was sensitive to the proteolytic action ofα-chymotrypsin, proteinase-K, and trypsin, indicating its proteinaceous nature. This bacteriocin was active against a broad spectrum of bacteria and the fungusCandida albicans. Direct detection of antimicrobial activity on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel suggested an apparent molecular mass of approximately 5 kDa. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography integrated with reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography were used for bacteriocin purification. Automated N-terminal Edman degradation of the purified RX7 bacteriocin recognized the first 15 amino acids as NH2-X-Ala-Trp-Tyr-Asp-Ile-Arg-Lys-Leu-Gly-Asn-Lys-Gly-Ala, where the letter X in the sequence indicates an unknown or nonstandard amino acid. Based on BLAST similarity search and multiple alignment analysis, the obtained partial sequence showed high homology with the two-peptide lantibiotic haloduracin (HalA1) fromBacillus halodurans, although at least two amino acids differed between the sequences. A time-kill study demonstrated a bactericidal mode of action of RX7 bacteriocin.
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Baldermann, C., A. Lupas, J. Lubieniecki, and H. Engelhardt. "The Regulated Outer Membrane Protein Omp21 from Comamonas acidovorans Is Identified as a Member of a New Family of Eight-Stranded β-Sheet Proteins by Its Sequence and Properties." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 15 (August 1, 1998): 3741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3741-3749.1998.
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ABSTRACT Omp21, a minor outer membrane protein of the soil bacteriumComamonas acidovorans, was purified from a spontaneous mutant lacking a surface layer and long-chain lipopolysaccharide. Omp21 synthesis is enhanced by oxygen depletion, and the protein has a variable electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis due to its heat-modifiable behavior. The structural gene omp21 encodes a precursor of 204 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 21 amino acids. Mature Omp21 is a typical outer membrane protein with a high content of β structure as determined by infrared spectroscopy. Sequence comparisons show that it belongs to a new outer membrane protein family, characterized by eight amphipathic β strands, which includes virulence proteins, such as the neisserial opacity proteins,Salmonella typhimurium Rck, and Yersinia enterocolitica Ail, as well as the major outer membrane proteins OmpA from Escherichia coli and OprF fromPseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Mir, Iqbal R., Asim Masood, and Nafees A. Khan. "Potential of Different Sources of Sulfur in Mitigating Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Mustard." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08727.
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The response of five mustard cultivars, Pusa Tarak, RH-0742, Pusa Agrini, Giriraj and RH-406, to 0, 100 and 200 mg Cd/kg soil was evaluated in terms of photosynthetic and growth characteristics, antioxidant metabolism, oxidative stress and S-assimilation. The 200 Cd/kg soil was found to show more detrimental effects on photosynthetic and growth characteristics than the 100 Cd/kg soil. Among these cultivars, cv. Giriraj showed the maximum resistance against Cd stress and showed the least reduction in photosynthetic and growth parameters with the maximum increase in antioxidant metabolism. Further the influence of optimum S (100 mg S kg−1 soil) and excess S (200 mg S kg−1 soil) in the form of different sources (gypsum, magnesium sulfate, elemental sulfur, and ammonium sulfate) was studied, and their involvement in countering Cd induced toxicity was evaluated. Both optimum S and excess S have a positive impact on the photosynthesis and growth of plants under controlled conditions, while excess S more conspicuously alleviated the detrimental effects of Cd. Among different S sources, elemental S proved to be more beneficial in alleviating Cd stress as compared to other sources by modulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes and a sustained lower level of lipid peroxidation by reducing the contents of H2O2, and TBARS. The sulfur-induced aforementioned results were due to the production of S-containing amino acids such as cysteine, which is a constituent of reduced glutathione, and Cys-rich heavy metal chelators such as metallothionines and phytochelatins. These results suggest that S application in the elemental form can more potently induce antioxidant potential, S-assimilation, and photosynthetic attributes and most efficiently help Cd sequestration, playing a crucial role in plant tolerance to Cd stress.
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Yeon, Jehyeong, Ae Ran Park, Hang Thi Thu Nguyen, Hanna Gwak, Jiwon Kim, Mee Kyung Sang, and Jin-Cheol Kim. "Inhibition of Oomycetes by the Mixture of Maleic Acid and Copper Sulfate." Plant Disease 106, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-21-1559-re.
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Since the protective activity of the Bordeaux mixture against plant disease caused by oomycetes was discovered, copper compounds have been used for more than a century as an effective plant protection strategy. However, the application of excessive copper can cause adverse effects through long-term heavy metal accumulation in soils. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies to reduce or replace copper in pesticides based on organic and low-input farming systems. Organic acids are eco-friendly. In this study, we tested the antifungal and anti-oomycete activity of maleic acid (MA) and copper sulfate (CS) against 13 plant pathogens. Treatment with a mixture of MA and CS showed strong anti-oomycetes activity against Phytophthora xcambivora, P. capsici, and P. cinnamomi. Moreover, the concentration of CS in the activated mixture of MA and CS was lower than that in the activated CS only, and the mixture showed synergy or partial synergy effects on the anti-oomycete activity. Application of a wettable powder formulation of MA and CS mixture (MCS 30WP; 26.67% MA and 3.33% CS) had excellent protective activity in pot experiments with control values of 73% Phytophthora blight on red pepper, 91% damping-off on cucumber, and 84% Pythium blight on creeping bentgrass, which are similar to those of the CS wettable powder formulation (6.67% CS) containing two times the CS content of MCS 30WP. These observations suggest that the synergistic effect of the MA and CS combination is a sustainable alternative for effective management of destructive oomycete diseases.
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McLuckie, Catherine, Natalie Moltschaniwskyj, Troy Gaston, R. Hugh Dunstan, Marcus Crompton, and Matthew D. Taylor. "Lethal and sublethal effects of simultaneous exposure to hypoxia and aluminium on juvenile eastern school prawn." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 6 (2020): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18487.
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Estuarine waters are heavily influenced by catchment land use and run-off, and acid sulfate soils directly affect both dissolved oxygen (DO) and aluminium concentrations. This can affect harvested species (including benthic crustaceans) and can have concomitant effects on their productivity. In this study we evaluated the effects of hypoxia (DO concentrations <2mgL–1) on eastern school prawn (Metapenaeus macleayi) under enhanced and ambient aluminium concentrations (mean±s.d., 0.112±0.009 and 0.015±0.002mgL–1 respectively). There was a significant increase in survival with increasing DO and LC50 was ~0.9mgL–1, although survival decreased at higher DO concentrations in the presence of enhanced aluminium concentrations. Total fatty acid and amino acid concentrations were significantly greater in prawns subjected to hypoxia, regardless of aluminium exposure. Docosahexaenoic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and behenic acid (fatty acids) and leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and asparagine (amino acids) contributed to differences in fatty and amino acid profiles among treatments. Hypoxia and aluminium concentrations in nursery habitats of south-eastern Australian estuaries can exceed the conditions evaluated, and could thus affect survival of M. macleayi. More generally, these results have implications for other crustacean species in estuaries that drain coastal flood plains, and the fisheries that rely on them.
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Hsu, S. C., G. C. Gong, F. K. Shiah, C. C. Hung, S. J. Kao, R. Zhang, W. N. Chen, et al. "Sources, solubility, and acid processing of aerosol iron and phosphorous over the South China Sea: East Asian dust and pollution outflows vs. Southeast Asian biomass burning." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 15 (August 21, 2014): 21433–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-21433-2014.
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Abstract. Iron and phosphorous are essential to marine microorganisms in vast regions in oceans worldwide. Atmospheric inputs are important allochthonous sources of Fe and P. The variability in airborne Fe deposition is hypothesized to serve an important function in previous glacial–interglacial cycles, contributing to the variability in atmospheric CO2 and ultimately the climate. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the mobilization of airborne Fe and P from insoluble to soluble forms is critical to evaluate the biogeochemical effects of these elements. In this study, we present a robust power-law correlation between fractional Fe solubility and non-sea-salt-sulfate / Total-Fe (nss-sulfate / FeT) molar ratio independent of distinct sources of airborne Fe of natural and/or anthropogenic origins over the South China Sea. This area receives Asian dust and pollution outflows and Southeast Asian biomass burning. This correlation is also valid for nitrate and total acids, demonstrating the significance of acid processing in enhancing Fe mobilization. Such correlations are also found for P, yet source dependent. These relationships serve as straightforward parameters that can be directly incorporated into available atmosphere–ocean coupling models that facilitate the assessment of Fe and P fertilization effects. Although biomass burning activity may supply Fe to the bioavailable Fe pool, pyrogenic soils are possibly the main contributors, not the burned plants. This finding warrants a multidisciplinary investigation that integrates atmospheric observations with the resulting biogeochemistry in the South China Sea, which is influenced by atmospheric forcings and nutrient dynamics with monsoons.
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Guerra, Victor, Lukas Beule, Ena Lehtsaar, Hui-Ling Liao, and Petr Karlovsky. "Improved Protocol for DNA Extraction from Subsoils Using Phosphate Lysis Buffer." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040532.
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As our understanding of soil biology deepens, there is a growing demand for investigations addressing microbial processes in the earth beneath the topsoil layer, called subsoil. High clay content in subsoils often hinders the recovery of sufficient quantities of DNA as clay particles bind nucleic acids. Here, an efficient and reproducible DNA extraction method for 200 mg dried soil based on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) lysis in the presence of phosphate buffer has been developed. The extraction protocol was optimized by quantifying bacterial 16S and fungal 18S rRNA genes amplified from extracts obtained by different combinations of lysis methods and phosphate buffer washes. The combination of one minute of bead beating, followed by ten min incubation at 65°C in the presence of 1 M phosphate buffer with 0.5% SDS, was found to produce the best results. The optimized protocol was compared with a commonly used cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method, using Phaeozem soil collected from 60 cm depth at a conventional agricultural field and validated on five subsoils. The reproducibility and robustness of the protocol was corroborated by an interlaboratory comparison. The DNA extraction protocol offers a reproducible and cost-effective tool for DNA-based studies of subsoil biology.
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Możejko, Michał, and Justyna Bohacz. "Optimization of Conditions for Feather Waste Biodegradation by Geophilic Trichophyton ajelloi Fungal Strains towards Further Agricultural Use." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710858.
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The aim of the study was to optimize culture conditions and medium composition to accelerate the biodegradation of chicken feather waste by keratinolytic soil strains of Trichophyton ajelloi, which are poorly known in this respect, as well as to propose hitherto unconsidered culture conditions for these fungi in order to obtain a biopreparation with a high fertilization value. Different pH of the medium, incubation temperatures, amounts of chicken feathers, additional carbon sources, and culture methods were tested. The process of optimizing keratin biodegradation was evaluated in terms of measuring the activity of keratinase, protease, disulfide reductase, concentration of released soluble proteins and peptides, total pool of amino acids, ammonium and sulfate ions, changes in medium pH, and feather weight loss. It was found that the studied fungal strains were capable of decomposing and mineralizing keratin from feather waste. Regarding the fertilizer value of the obtained hydrolysates, it was shown that the release of sulfate and ammonium ions was highest in a stationary culture containing 2% feathers with an initial pH of 4.5 and a temperature of 28 °C. Days 14–21 of the culture were indicated as the optimal culture time for these fungi to obtain biopreparations of high fertilizing value.
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Quesada-Vincens, D., M. Hanin, W. J. Broughton, and S. Jabbouri. "In Vitro Sulfotransferase Activity of NoeE, a Nodulation Protein of Rhizobium sp. NGR234." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 7 (July 1998): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.7.592.
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Soil bacteria of the genera Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Rhizobium liberate morphogenetic lipochitin-oligosac-charides (Nod factors) into legume rhizospheres. Nod factors, which are synthesized by the products of rhizobial nodulation (nod) genes, vary in core length as well as in the number and type of substitutions. In Rhizobium sp. NGR234, the N-acylated pentamers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine carry an O-methylfucose group on the reducing terminus that is substituted, on a mutually exclusive basis, with either an acetyl or a sulfuryl group. A sulfotransferase encoded by noeE is required for adjunction of activated sulfate donated by 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Here we show that when expressed in NGR234 cured of its symbiotic plasmid (= ANU265) or when purified as a fusion protein (MBP-NoeE), NoeE transfers sulfate from PAPS to fucosylated lipochitin-oligosaccharides. Enzyme assays showed that sulfotransferase activity is dependent on the presence of an acyl group (stearic and vaccenic acids were tested) since no activity was detected when fucosylated oligochitins (oligomers of two to six N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units) were used as substrates. Thus, NoeE is unique in that it is the only characterized sulfotransferase that is specific for fucosylated Nod factors. It probably acts after NodA, which acylates the amino-sugar backbone.
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Grangeiro, Leilson Costa, and Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho. "Qualidade de frutos de melancia em função de fontes e doses de potássio." Horticultura Brasileira 22, no. 3 (September 2004): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362004000300030.
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Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em propriedades rurais próximas à cidade de Borborema (SP), de outubro a dezembro de 2001 e de fevereiro a abril de 2002, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de frutos de melancia, híbrido Tide, em função de fontes e doses de potássio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados completos, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com três repetições, sendo avaliadas as fontes cloreto, nitrato e sulfato de potássio e as doses de 50; 100; 200 e 300 kg ha-1 de K2O. Foram avaliados: sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT) e a relação SST/ATT. Os sólidos solúveis não foram influenciados por fontes e doses de potássio, mas apenas pela época de cultivo, sendo maior no plantio de fevereiro a abril de 2002. A acidez titulável aumentou até um ponto máximo com o incremento nas doses de potássio, enquanto que a relação SST/ATT apresentou uma redução até um ponto mínimo.
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June Yim, Kyung, Hye Seon Song, Jong-Soon Choi, and Seong Woon Roh. "Thermoproteus thermophilus sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon isolated from solfataric soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_8 (August 1, 2015): 2507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000293.
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A hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon, designated strain CBA1502T, was isolated from volcanic soil in the Mayon volcano in the Philippines. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CBA1502T was most closely related to that of Thermoproteus uzoniensis DSM 5263T (99.2 % similarity) and Thermoproteus tenax Kra 1T (99.0 %). The organism grew at 75–90 °C and pH 4.0–6.0 and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 85 °C and pH 5.0. Strain CBA1502T utilized d-arabinose, beef extract, Casamino acids, formate, fumarate, peptone, pyruvate, trimethylamine and yeast extract as energy substrates, and d-arabinose, formate, pyruvate and yeast extract as carbon sources. Fumarate, sulfate, sulfur and thiosulfate functioned as electron acceptors, but not ferric chloride, nitrate, malate or oxidized glutathione. DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed that there was less than 46.1 % relatedness between strain CBA1502T and other members of the genus Thermoproteus. The DNA G+C content of strain CBA1502T was 62.0 mol%. We conclude that, according to its phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain CBA1502T represents a novel species of the genus Thermoproteus, and propose the name Thermoproteus thermophilus sp. nov., with the type strain CBA1502T ( = ATCC BAA-2416T = JCM 17229T).
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Frohne, T., J. Rinklebe, U. Langer, G. Du Laing, S. Mothes, and R. Wennrich. "Biogeochemical factors affecting mercury methylation rate in two contaminated floodplain soils." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (September 2, 2011): 8925–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-8925-2011.
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Abstract. An automated biogeochemical microcosm system allowing controlled variation of redox potential (EH) in soil suspensions was used to assess the effect of various factors on the mobility of mercury (Hg) as well as on the methylation of Hg in two contaminated floodplain soils with different Hg concentrations (approximately 5 mg kg−1 Hg and >30 mg kg−1 Hg). The experiment was conducted under stepwise variation from reducing (approximately −350 mV at pH 5) to oxidizing conditions (approximately 600 mV at pH 5). Results of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis indicate the occurrence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) such as Desulfobacter species (10me16:0, cy17:0, 10me18:0, cy19:0) or Desulfovibrio species (18:2ω6,9), which are considered to promote Hg methylation. The products of the methylation process are lipophilic, highly toxic methyl mercury species such as the monomethyl mercury ion [MeHg+], which is named as MeHg here. The ln(MeHg/Hgt) ratio is assumed to reflect the net production of monomethyl mercury normalized to total dissolved Hg (Hgt) concentration. This ratio increases with rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to Hgt ratio (lnDOC/lnHgt ratio) (R2 = 0.39, p < 0.0001, n = 63) whereas the relation between ln(MeHg/Hgt) ratio and lnDOC is weaker (R2 = 0.09; p < 0.05; n = 63). In conclusion, the DOC/Hgt ratio might be a more important factor for the Hg net methylation than DOC alone in the current study. Redox variations seem to affect the biogeochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic Hg species and MeHg indirectly through related changes in DOC, sulfur cycle, and microbial community structure whereas E,H and pH values, as well as concentration of dissolved Fe,3+/Fe2+ and Cl− seem to play subordinate roles in Hg mobilization and methylation under our experimental conditions.
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Frohne, T., J. Rinklebe, U. Langer, G. Du Laing, S. Mothes, and R. Wennrich. "Biogeochemical factors affecting mercury methylation rate in two contaminated floodplain soils." Biogeosciences 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2012): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-493-2012.
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Abstract. An automated biogeochemical microcosm system allowing controlled variation of redox potential (EH) in soil suspensions was used to assess the effect of various factors on the mobility of mercury (Hg) as well as on the methylation of Hg in two contaminated floodplain soils with different Hg concentrations (approximately 5 mg Hg kg−1 and >30 mg Hg kg–1). The experiment was conducted under stepwise variation from reducing (approximately −350 mV at pH 5) to oxidizing conditions (approximately 600 mV at pH 5). Results of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis indicate the occurrence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) such as Desulfobacter species (10Me16:0, cy17:0, 10Me18:0, cy19:0) or Desulfovibrio species (18:2ω6,9), which are considered to promote Hg methylation. The products of the methylation process are lipophilic, highly toxic methyl mercury species such as the monomethyl mercury ion [MeHg+], which is named as MeHg here. The ln(MeHg/Hgt) ratio is assumed to reflect the net production of monomethyl mercury normalized to total dissolved Hg (Hgt) concentration. This ratio increases with rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to Hgt ratio (ln(DOC/Hgt) ratio) (R2 = 0.39, p<0.0001, n= 63) whereas the relation between ln(MeHg/Hgt ratio and lnDOC is weaker (R2 = 0.09; p<0.05; n = 63). In conclusion, the DOC/Hgt ratio might be a more important factor for the Hg net methylation than DOC alone in the current study. Redox variations seem to affect the biogeochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic Hg species and MeHg indirectly through related changes in DOC, sulfur cycle, and microbial community structure whereas EH and pH values, as well as concentration of dissolved Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cl– seem to play subordinate roles in Hg mobilization and methylation under our experimental conditions.
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Malta, Marcelo Ribeiro, Francisco Dias Nogueira, and Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães. "Composição química, produção e qualidade do café fertilizado com diferentes fontes e doses de nitrogênio." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 27, no. 6 (December 2003): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542003000600006.
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Conduziu-se este experimento com a finalidade de se analisar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada sobre a produção e qualidade do café (Coffea arabica L). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, utilizando-se seis fontes de nitrogênio (N): calcionamida, nitrato de potássio, nitrocálcio, sulfato de amônio, uréia e nitrato de amônio, nas parcelas, e quatro doses de N (0, 80, 160 e 320 kg ha-1) aplicadas nas subparcelas, com três blocos. Avaliaram-se a produção e as variáveis: atividade da polifenoloxidase, acidez titulável total, açúcares totais, compostos fenólicos totais, ácidos clorogênicos totais, cafeína e prova de xícara. Não houve resposta significativa de produção às fontes e doses de N. Observou-se redução na qualidade do café ao utilizar-se nitrocálcio e nitrato de amônio como fontes de N. Quanto às doses utilizadas, as fontes de N apresentaram efeitos diferenciados em relação à composição química e qualidade do café; entretanto, observou-se, pelas análises da atividade enzimática da polifenoloxidase, acidez titulável total, ácidos clorogênicos totais e compostos fenólicos totais, que doses mais elevadas de sulfato de amônio têm efeito negativo sobre a qualidade dos grãos.
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Goma-Tchimbakala, Emerance Jessica Claire D’Assise, Ilaria Pietrini, Federica Dal Bello, Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala, Stefano Lo Russo, and Stefano Paolo Corgnati. "Great Abilities of Shinella zoogloeoides Strain from a Landfarming Soil for Crude Oil Degradation and a Synergy Model for Alginate-Bead-Entrapped Consortium Efficiency." Microorganisms 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071361.
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Oil contamination is of great concern worldwide and needs to be properly addressed. The present work aimed to contribute to the development of bacterial consortia for oil recovery. We investigated the community structure of a landfarming-treated soil (LF2) by metagenomics to unravel the presence of hydrocarbon degraders. Moreover, we isolated Shinella zoogloeoides LFG9 and Bacillus swezeyi LFS15 from LF2 and combined them with Pseudomonas guguanensis SGPP2 isolated from an auto mechanic workshop soil to form the mixed consortium COG1. Bacterial isolates were tested for biosurfactant production. Additionally, the bioremediation potential of COG1 was studied as free and entrapped consortia by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in comparison to the single strains. Results revealed the presence of Actinobacteria (66.11%), Proteobacteria (32.21%), Gammaproteobacteria (5.39%), Actinomycetales (65.15%), Burkholderiales (13.92%), and Mycobacterium (32.22%) taxa, indicating the presence of hydrocarbon degraders in soil LF2. All three isolated strains were biosurfactant producers capable of degrading crude oil components within 14 days. However, Shinella zoogloeoides LFG9 performed best and was retained as candidate for further bioremediation investigation. In addition, COG1 performed better when immobilized, with entrapment effectiveness manifested by increased fatty acids and aromatic compound degradation. Attempt to improve crude oil biodegradation by adding surfactants failed as sodium dodecyl sulfate restrained the immobilized consortium performance.
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Bryla, David R., and Bernadine C. Strik. "Nutrient Requirements, Leaf Tissue Standards, and New Options for Fertigation of Northern Highbush Blueberry." HortTechnology 25, no. 4 (August 2015): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.4.464.
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Northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is well adapted to acidic soils with low nutrient availability, but often requires regular applications of nitrogen (N) and other nutrients for profitable production. Typically, nutrients accumulate in the plant tissues following the same pattern as dry matter and are lost or removed by leaf senescence, pruning, fruit harvest, and root turnover. Leaf tissue testing is a useful tool for monitoring nutrient requirements in northern highbush blueberry, and standards for analysis have been updated for Oregon. Until recently, most commercial plantings of blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) were fertilized using granular fertilizers. However, many new fields are irrigated by drip and fertigated using liquid fertilizers. Suitable sources of liquid N fertilizer for blueberry include ammonium sulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium phosphate, urea, and urea sulfuric acid. Several growers are also applying humic acids to help improve root growth and are injecting sulfuric acid to reduce carbonates and bicarbonates in the irrigation water. Although only a single line of drip tubing is needed for adequate irrigation of northern highbush blueberry, two lines are often used to encourage a larger root system. The lines are often installed near the base of the plants initially and then repositioned 6–12 inches away once the root system develops. For better efficiency, N should be applied frequently by fertigation (e.g., weekly), beginning at budbreak, but discontinued at least 2 months before the end of the growing season. Applying N in late summer reduces flower bud development in northern highbush blueberry and may lead to late flushes of shoot growth vulnerable to freeze damage. The recommended N rates are higher for fertigation than for granular fertilizers during the first 2 years after planting but are similar to granular rates in the following years. More work is needed to develop fertigation programs for other nutrients and soil supplements in northern highbush blueberry.
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SUN, Wenli, Mohamad H. SHAHRAJABIAN, and Qi CHENG. "Archaea, bacteria and termite, nitrogen fixation and sustainable plants production." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 12172. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212172.
Full textAbstract:
Certain bacteria and archaea are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Metabolic pathways usually are common between archaea and bacteria. Diazotrophs are categorized into two main groups namely: root-nodule bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Diazotrophs include free living bacteria, such as Azospirillum, Cupriavidus, and some sulfate reducing bacteria, and symbiotic diazotrophs such Rhizobium and Frankia. Three types of nitrogenase are iron and molybdenum (Fe/Mo), iron and vanadium (Fe/V) or iron only (Fe). The Mo-nitrogenase have a higher specific activity which is expressed better when Molybdenum is available. The best hosts for Rhizobium legumiosarum are Pisum, Vicia, Lathyrus and Lens; Trifolium for Rhizobium trifolii; Phaseolus vulgaris, Prunus angustifolia for Rhizobium phaseoli; Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella for Rhizobium meliloti; Lupinus and Ornithopus for Lupini, and Glycine max for Rhizobium japonicum. Termites have significant key role in soil ecology, transporting and mixing soil. Termite gut microbes supply the enzymes required to degrade plant polymers, synthesize amino acids, recycle nitrogenous waste and fix atmospheric nitrogen. The positive effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi such as growth promotion, increased root length, leaf area, stem diameter, transplant performance and tolerance to stresses have been reported previously.
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Esmel*, Camille, John R. Duval, E. H. Simonne, and Steven A. Sargent. "The Influence of Preharvest Calcium Applications on Postharvest Quality and Yield of `Sweet Charlie' Strawberry." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 853D—853. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.853d.
Full textAbstract:
Strawberries are a high value commodity with a short shelf life. Florida is the largest producer of winter strawberries in the United States with 2,790 hectares of production, 90% are located in Hillsborough County. Many Florida growers apply additional calcium (Ca) as a foliar spray despite the lack of conclusive evidence of an increase in fruit quality or yield. It is believed that additional Ca will improve cell wall integrity through Ca linkages with pectins with in the cell wall and increase fruit firmness. Preharvest applications of calcium chloride have shown to delay the ripening of strawberry fruit and mold development. The objectives of this two year study were to determine the effects of Ca on yield, growth, and postharvest quality of strawberry when applied to the soil or as a foliar spray. `Sweet Charlie' strawberry plants were grown on a Seffner fine sand in Dover, Fla. The experimental design was a split-block replicated four times with soil and foliar Ca applications. Main plots consisted of a broadcast preplant incorporation of gypsum (calcium sulfate) 0 kg·ha-1, 36.7 kg·ha-1, and 73.4 kg·ha-1. Sub-plots consisted of foliar applications of 400 mg·L-1 Ca from calcium sulfate, 400 and 800 mg·L-1 Ca from calcium chloride and a water control applied weekly throughout the 2002-03 and 2003-04 growing season. Yield data was collected twice weekly through out the growing season. Fruits were graded for quality based upon size, visual appearance of pathogens degradation, frost/water damage, and misshapen form. Calcium content was determined for leaves, fruit, and calyxes in January and March. Postharvest quality evaluations of pH, titratable acidy, soluble solids, and firmness (Instron 4411) were determined in January and March.
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Kawakami, Ryushi, Haruhiko Sakuraba, and Toshihisa Ohshima. "Gene Cloning and Characterization of the Very Large NAD-Dependent l-Glutamate Dehydrogenase from the Psychrophile Janthinobacterium lividum, Isolated from Cold Soil." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 15 (May 25, 2007): 5626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00496-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT NAD-dependent l-glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH) activity was detected in cell extract from the psychrophile Janthinobacterium lividum UTB1302, which was isolated from cold soil and purified to homogeneity. The native enzyme (1,065 kDa, determined by gel filtration) is a homohexamer composed of 170-kDa subunits (determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Consistent with these findings, gene cloning and sequencing enabled deduction of the amino acid sequence of the subunit, which proved to be comprised of 1,575 amino acids with a combined molecular mass of 169,360 Da. The enzyme from this psychrophile thus appears to belong to the GDH family characterized by very large subunits, like those expressed by Streptomyces clavuligerus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (about 180 kDa). The entire amino acid sequence of the J. lividum enzyme showed about 40% identity with the sequences from S. clavuligerus and P. aeruginosa enzymes, but the central domains showed higher homology (about 65%). Within the central domain, the residues related to substrate and NAD binding were highly conserved, suggesting that this is the enzyme's catalytic domain. In the presence of NAD, but not in the presence of NADP, this GDH exclusively catalyzed the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate. The stereospecificity of the hydride transfer to NAD was pro-S, which is the same as that of the other known GDHs. Surprisingly, NAD-GDH activity was markedly enhanced by the addition of various amino acids, such as l-aspartate (1,735%) and l-arginine (936%), which strongly suggests that the N- and/or C-terminal domains play regulatory roles and are involved in the activation of the enzyme by these amino acids.
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Zhu, Rui, Xinqi Huang, Jinbo Zhang, Zucong Cai, Xun Li, and Teng Wen. "Efficiency of Reductive Soil Disinfestation Affected by Soil Water Content and Organic Amendment Rate." Horticulturae 7, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120559.
Full textAbstract:
Reductive Soil Disinfestation (RSD) is a good method which can restore degraded greenhouse soil and effectively inactivate soil-borne pathogens. However, the approach needs to be optimized in order to facilitate its practical application in various regions. In the present work, we investigated the effect of soil water content (60% water holding capacity (WHC), 100% WHC and continuous flooding) and maize straw application rates (0, 5, 10, and 20 g kg−1 soil) on the improvement of soil properties and suppression of soil-borne pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium and Phytophthora). The results showed that increasing the soil water content and maize straw application rate accelerated the removal of excess sulfate and nitrate in the soil and elevated the soil pH. Elevating the water content and maize straw application rate also produced much more organic acids, which could strongly inhibit soil-borne pathogens. Soil properties were improved significantly after RSD treatment with a maize straw amendment rate of more than 5 g kg−1, regardless of the water content. However, RSD treatments with 60% WHC could not effectively inactivate soil-borne pathogens and even stimulated their growth by increasing the maize application rate. RSD treatments of both 100% WHC and continuous flooding could inactivate soil-borne pathogens and increase the pathogens mortality indicated by cultural cells relatively effectively. The inhibited pathogens were significantly increased with the increasing maize application rate from 5 g kg−1 to 10 g kg−1, but were not further increased from 10 g kg−1 to 20 g kg−1. A further increased mortality of F. oxysporum, indicated by gene copies, was also observed when the soil water content and maize straw application rate were increased. Therefore, RSD treatment with 60% WHC could improve soil properties significantly, whereas irrigation with 100% WHC or continuous flooding was a necessity for effective soil-borne pathogens suppression. Holding 100% WHC and applicating maize straw at 10 g kg−1 soil were optimum conditions for RSD field operation to restore degraded greenhouse soil.
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Hart, BT, EM Ottaway, and BN Noller. "Magela Creek system, northern Australia. I. 1982-83 wet-season water quality." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870261.
Full textAbstract:
The particularly late wet season in 1982-83 provided a unique opportunity to study the dry-to-wet season transition in Magela Creek, a tropical creek and wetlands system in northern Australia. The first water to flow down and across the floodplain was characteristically quite acidic (pH c. 4-5), with a high conductivity (c. 750 �S cm-1) and high sulfate concentration (c. 200 mg I-1). The source of the sulfate, acidity and dissolved salts is groundwater brought to the surface (mainly in depressions on the floodplain, e.g. pools and channels) by rising watertables, and then flushed from these by the slowly advancing flood waters. The end of the dry season is a time of particular stress for the biota living in these billabongs, and many fish kills have been noted at around the time this 'first flush' water enters. In most years, this poor-quality water would be rapidly flushed out, in a few days at the most, from the billabongs by subsequent flood- flows down Magela Creek. However, in 1983, the next flood event did not occur until almost 1 month after the first flush had occurred. During the main wet season, the water transported by Magela Creek was slightly acidic (mean pH 5,2), with a very low conductivity (c. 5-17 �S cm-1) and low concentrations of suspended solids (c. 4-59 mg I-1), major ions and trace metals (iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, uranium). There was a general decrease in the mean concentration of each determin and with each succeeding flood event. This was most noticeable in the case of suspended solids and conductivity, and was attributed to an 'exhaustion effect' where greater amounts of suspended solids and soluble salts (in the upper soil layers) were available in the early part of the wet season. The composition of the creek water was very similar to that of rainwater falling in the catchment, with two major exceptions. First, the rainwater was considerably more acidic (pH 3.6-4.9), due mainly to the presence of weak organic acids such as formic and acetic acids. This acidic rainwater was partially neutralized by interaction with catchment soils. Second, the concentrations of all nutrients (total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen) were considerably higher in the rainwater. There was a significant removal (over 90%) of phosphorus, ammonia and nitrate from the rainwater, probably due to uptake by the ground vegetation known to proliferate in the catchment during the wet season. Factor analysis indicated that dilution of the base flow, presumably by surface runoff of rainwater, was the dominant component during both the rising and falling stages of each flood event. Radionuclide activity in composite water samples taken over the five flood events revealed that the total activity of both 226Ra and 210Pb was low, with greater than 58% of both radionuclides being in filterable forms.
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Korytko, O. O. "To the question of amino acids and whey consumption." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (November 6, 2019): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9121.
Full textAbstract:
The article summarizes, in a concise form, information about the importance of amino acids in the context of solving the problem of fodder protein deficiency. Amino acids, as structural components of proteins, are central to the exchange of nitrogen-containing compounds and are vital for life processes. Essential amino acids are not synthesized by the body of animals and humans, but are prepared as a part of diets. Vegetable proteins are less complete than animal proteins due to the absence of some essential amino acids. Therefore, in feeding, plant feeds are balanced by limiting amino acids, which are obtained by chemical or microbiological synthesis, or combine protein sources, taking into account their amino acid composition. Amino acids are the primary microbial metabolites that are synthesized by microorganisms in the process of life. Due to the large-scale cultivation of microorganisms in industrial conditions, amino acids, proteins, preparations for increasing the productivity of crops and animals are receive. Appropriate types of microorganisms use ammonia oxidation energy to synthesize their own organic matter. Different bacteria for the synthesis of amino acids also use nitrogen, nitrates, urea. The microbiological synthesis and accumulation of metabolites in the substrate depends on the component composition, temperature. Microbial growth is usually limited by the nutrient component. Sulfur deficiency limits the utilization of nitrogen by microorganisms. The introduction of sulfur compounds into the environment stimulates microbial synthesis in general, including sulfur-containing amino acids. As a result of incubation of the biosubstrate for 3 days at a temperature of 18 °C, the synthesis of most amino acids by microbial association was activated. Incubation with sodium sulfate (at a dose of 0.3% by weight of biosubstrate) for 3 days at 25 °C had the best stimulating effect on amino acid biosynthesis. Such a biosubstrate can be used as a source of amino acids in the form of a fertilizer or feed additive. In the XXI century anthropogenic impact causes an imbalance of the ecological situation, one of the manifestations of which is the reduction of soil fertility, which can be restored by the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as preparations containing amino acids and stimulate seed germination, increase the yield, fertility, and fertility. Amino acids are used as additives in food production, in the treatment of diseases of different etiologies and for other purposes.
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Broschat, Timothy K. "Effects of Phosphorous and Phosphoric Acids on Growth and Phosphorus Concentrations in Container-grown Tropical Ornamental Plants." HortTechnology 16, no. 1 (January 2006): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.1.0105.
Full textAbstract:
Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-chinensis), shooting star (Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum), downy jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), and `Jetty' spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum) were grown in containers using Osmocote Plus 15-9-12 (15N-3.9P-10K), which provided phosphorus (two experiments), or resin-coated urea plus sulfur-coated potassium sulfate, which provided no phosphorus (one experiment). Plants were treated with water drenches (controls), drenches with metalaxyl fungicide only, drenches with phosphoric acid (PO4-P), drenches with metalaxyl plus phosphorus from phosphoric acid, drenches with PhytoFos 4-28-10 [4N-12.2P-8.3K, a fertilizer containing phosphorous acid (PO3-P), a known fungicidal compound], or a foliar spray with PhytoFos 4-28-10. Plants receiving soil drenches with equivalent amounts of P from PhytoFos 4-28-10, PO4-P, or PO4-P+metalaxyl generally had the greatest shoot and root dry weights and foliar PO4-P concentrations. There were no differences between the control and metalaxyl-treated plants, indicating that root rot diseases were not a factor. Therefore, responses from PhytoFos 4-28-10 were believed to be due to its nutrient content, rather than its fungicidal properties. Foliar-applied PhytoFos 4-29-10 produced plants that were generally similar in size to control plants or those receiving metalaxyl only drenches. Fertilizers containing PO3-P appear to be about as effective as PO4-P sources when applied to the soil, but are relatively ineffective as a P source when applied as a foliar spray. A distinct positive synergistic response for shoot and root dry weights and foliar PO4-P concentrations was observed for the PO4-P+metalaxyl treatment when no P was applied except as a treatment.
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Gribanova, E., and V. Miamin. "Physiological and biochemical traits of yeasts from soils of various ecosystems of East Antarctica." Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, no. 2 (2021): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.681.
Full textAbstract:
The diversity of psychrophilic / psychrotolerant microorganisms from Antarctica is a preferred subject of study by microbiologists, in turn, the communities of endolithic and hypolithic yeast cultures are practically not studied, and the literature on the biotechnological potential of such microorganisms should cover important biomolecules in addition to cold-adapted enzymes. In order to study the characteristics and biopotential of yeast cultures isolated from soil samples of East Antarctica, a number of physiological and biochemical tests were carried out. This article provides a list of the studied morphological characteristics, and also describes the results of the study of enzymatic activities and biochemical properties. In the course of research, it was revealed that Antarctic yeast isolates have a wide range of enzymatic activities when growing on agar media: most isolates were characterized by the presence of lipolytic, amylolytic, DNase, urease activities and the production of esters; a much smaller number of isolates were capable of manifesting proteolytic, cellulolytic and pectolytic activities, the release of organic acids and the formation of starch-like compounds. The study of tolerance to stress showed the presence of resistance of the studied cultures to the effects of ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm and low concentrations of copper sulfate in the environment. A qualitative assessment of the level of glycogen in yeast cells by staining with Lugol's solution showed that one culture is capable of accumulating glycogen in significant amounts. Additionally, the ability of yeast cells to accumulate lipids with increasing age of cultures was shown. The destruction of the surface of the mineral motor oil by the culture broth made it possible to identify yeast isolates with high destructive activity. This experience allows us to consider Antarctic yeast cultures as promising producers of biologically active compounds. The variety and spectrum of physiological activities of the investigated isolates allows us to consider them as promising producers of biological compounds for use in medicine and biotechnology.