Academic literature on the topic 'Acid pollution of rivers'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Acid pollution of rivers.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Acid pollution of rivers"
1
B.MARAN, VISHALINI, DORINDA ANTHONY ANTHONY DASS, LAVANNIA RAVIKUMAR, NUR SYAMIMI IZYAN ZAINI, NUR ALIAH SYAKIRAH ROSLI, WAN NUR IZWANI MIOR BAHARUDIN, NAJAH KARIMAH MUSTAFFA, and ONG MENG CHUAN. "ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENT OF KEMAMAN RIVER, TERENGGANU." Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v3i3.214.
Full textAbstract:
In the present day, rivers are used by people as water sources for their daily agricultural, industrial and cleaning purposes. However, industrial development and human activities are rapidly impacting the river’s catchment area, which can cause contamination of heavy metals in the water and sediment. The Kemaman River is one of the rivers that may be affected by these pollutants. Thus, the concentration of selected heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg), plus the pollution status was determined in the surface sediments of the Kemaman River. A total of 46 sediment samples were collected along the river. Teflon Bomb digestion method with 2.0mL of mixed acid (concentrated nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid with ratio 3:3:1) was performed followed by analyzation using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). The status of heavy metals contamination in the study area was determined by the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI). The calculated Igeo value suggested that the sediments in the Kemaman River were categorized under unpolluted to polluted category. However, the calculated PLI suggested that the study area is polluted with heavy metals. The correlation of the sediment mean grain size and the selected heavy metals was strongly correlated. The concentration of metals increased with the rising mean grain size, which suggests their association with the fine fraction of the sediment.
2
Herut, B., N. Kress, and H. Hornung. "Nutrient pollution at the lower reaches of Mediterranean coastal rivers in Israel." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2000): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0306.
Full textAbstract:
This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the nutrient load introduced into the coastal waters by the rivers along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Measurements of nutrient concentrations (phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, silicic acid) at two or three stations along the lower river reaches (11 rivers) were carried out annually from 1990 up to 1998. Combining the nutrient concentrations with the monthly riverine discharges we assessed the nutrient load. In general, most of the coastal rivers contain high nutrient contamination level, compared to the criteria adopted by NOAA (USA) for coastal river estuaries. The high degree of contamination is attributed to extreme low natural flow combined with the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes, and with agriculture runoff. In terms of nutrient concentrations, the Kishon River is the most polluted, followed by the Soreq, Poleg and Alexander Rivers. The preliminary estimate is that the coastal rivers transport between ~2000 to 6000 tons of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and between ~250–800 tons of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to the sea. An additional 3500 and 3000 tons of DIN and DIP, respectively, are supplied through the Kishon River. The load of the Poleg River is unknown (no discharge data) but expected to be significant based on nutrient concentration measured. The total load of the coastal rivers constitutes a major component among the other land-base point sources such as the Gush Dan outfall. Our estimate probably represents minimal values, as it does not include diffused input of agricultural runoff nor the riverine particulate and dissolved organic nutrient loads (which are unknown).
3
Oliveira, Paula Caroline dos Reis, Marcos Gomes Nogueira, and Luciana Pinto Sartori. "Differential environmental impacts on small and medium size rivers from center of São Paulo State, Brazil, and regional management perspectives." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 26, no. 4 (December 2014): 404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2014000400008.
Full textAbstract:
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate, comparatively, the influence of distinct environmental impacts in the watershed on the rivers Capivara, Lavapés, Araquá and Pardo and the transference of effects downstream. METHODS: The limnological/water quality study was carried out in rainy (March/2007) and dry (September/2007) seasons, considering 17 sampling stations. RESULTS: Variables such as channel width and depth, water velocity and temperature increased towards the river's mouth; water transparency, velocity and dissolved oxygen were higher in the upstream regions. Light penetration was total at most sampling stations and pH was predominantly acid. The sampling stations impacted by pollution sources, Lavapés and Araquá Rivers, exhibited higher values of electric conductivity, suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved phosphorus, BOD, and thermotolerant coliforms. Higher values of electric conductivity, turbidity and suspended solids were observed in the rainy season, whereas higher chlorophyll concentrations occurred in the dry season. The Lavapés River exhibits the worst environmental condition, while Capivara River is under better state of conservation. This study shows that it is urgent the implementation of measures for preservation and restoration of these regional aquatic ecosystems. All studied rivers were influenced by seasonal variation, sewage discharges and by watershed use and occupation. The TSI is a good analysis tool. The studied rivers export organic matter and TN, TP and SS loads to Tietê and Paranapanema rivers. CONCLUSIONS: This study show the importance of river management and that the accelerated degradation of the river systems indicates the little progress of the Brazilian legislation in terms of preservation and good management practices and that the interface between science, law, management and conservation need to be improved.
4
Quan, Bingxu, Jiawei Tang, Xiameng Niu, Peidong Su, Zhimin Zhang, and Yitao Yang. "Elaborating the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Sediment around a Typical Aging Landfill in China." Toxics 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2023): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100852.
Full textAbstract:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioaccumulative and widely distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Understanding the distribution of and ecological risks posed by PFASs is critical, particularly for PFAS emissions and accumulation from a common urban pollution source. The transformation characteristics and ecological risks of PFASs from a typical aging municipal landfill leachate were systematically monitored and assessed over five years in this study. The results showed that the total PFAS concentrations (ΣPFASs) in the rivers were between 26.4 and 464.3 ng/L, whereas in sediment, ΣPFASs ranged from 9.5 to 58.5 ng/g (w/w). The presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most prominent PFAS in both water (39.4–152.3 ng/L) and sediment (1.1–56.1 ng/g). In a five-year monitoring study, the concentration of PFASs in the aging landfill decreased by 23.3%, with higher mean concentrations observed during summer (307.6 ng/L) compared to winter (250.4 ng/L). As for the pollution distribution, the suspended particulate matter–water partition coefficient (log Kd) of carboxylic acid (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) ranged from 1.53 to 2.65, and from 1.77 to 2.82, respectively. PFSAs and long-chain PFCAs exhibited a greater propensity for sediment association compared to short-chain PFCAs. An ecological risk assessment of four typical PFASs, PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), utilizing the hazard quotient method revealed that the rivers surrounding the typical aging landfill exhibited a low contamination risk for PFOA, while no ecological risks were associated with the other three FPASs. This study contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the occurrence, distribution, and risk of PFASs in the rivers in rivers and sediment surrounding a typical aging landfill site in China, thereby providing crucial reference information for ensuring water quality safety.
5
Tsai, L. J., S. T. Ho, and K. C. Yu. "Correlations of extractable heavy metals with organic matters in contaminated river sediments." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0502.
Full textAbstract:
In southern Taiwan, almost all the main rivers have been contaminated by anthropogenic heavy metals and organic matters. The main pollution sources include agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities. River sediments potentially have large capacities to accumulate heavy metals and organic matters when the river water flows through it. The sediments sampled from high contaminated river (the Yenshui River) and moderately contaminated rivers (the Tsengwen, Chishui, Potzu, and Peikang Rivers) were used to realize correlations between each kind of aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Fe) and organic matters in vertical sediment cores. Organic matters and aqua regia extractable heavy metal concentrations, analyzed by strong acid-digested extraction, were determined in vertical profile segments from downstream sediments of the five rivers. Sum of six aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) were below 3,000 mg/kg in sediments of the Yenshui River, and below 500 mg/kg in the other four rivers' sediments. Strongly positive correlations (r = 0.83-0.95) between each kind of aqua regia extractable heavy metals and organic matters (concentration range between 0.6 to 3.8%) were observed in sediments of the Yenshui River. The slopes of the linear regressive lines approximated the average metal complexation ratios with organic matters in the sediments. In sediments of the other four rivers, smaller positive correlation coefficients between aqua regia extractable heavy metals and organic matters (below 2.6%) were observed. The complexation ratios derived from the four moderately polluted river sediments were smaller than those derived from the highly contaminated river sediments, indicating that the importance of organic matters in the accumulation of heavy metals in river sediments.
6
Dagher, Lea A., Jouman Hassan, Samer Kharroubi, Hadi Jaafar, and Issmat I. Kassem. "Nationwide Assessment of Water Quality in Rivers Across Lebanon by Quantifying Fecal Indicators Densities and Profiling Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070883.
Full textAbstract:
The use of contaminated water has been associated with severe disease outbreaks. Due to widespread pollution with untreated sewage, concerns have been raised over water quality in Lebanon, a country with well-documented challenges in infrastructure. Here, we evaluated the water quality of major rivers in Lebanon by quantifying the densities of fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli). Additionally, we assessed the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in river water. Composite water samples (n = 132) were collected from fourteen rivers, and 378 E. coli were isolated and analyzed. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected in 96.29% and 95.5% of the samples, respectively. Additionally, 73.48–61.3% and 31.81% of the samples exceeded the microbiological acceptability standards for irrigation and the fecal coliform limit for recreational activities, respectively. The E. coli exhibited resistance to ampicillin (40% of isolates), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (42%), cefepime (4%), cefotaxime (14%), cefalexin (46%), cefixime (17%), doripenem (0.3%), imipenem (0.5%), gentamicin (6%), kanamycin (9%), streptomycin (35%), tetracycline (35%), ciprofloxacin (10%), norfloxacin (7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (32%), and chloramphenicol (13%). Notably, 45.8% of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). Our results highlight the need to urgently address fecal pollution and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Lebanese rivers.
7
Odunaike, K., Qasim Adeniji, R. T. Feyisola, A. T. Talabi, A. O. Olabamiji, O. S. Olayemi, R. O. Rufai, R. S. Opatokun, and T. T. Adeojo. "Determination and Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Some Selected Rivers within Ijebu-North, Nigeria." Journal of the University of Ruhuna 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v10i2.7988.
Full textAbstract:
Human health would be at risk if water which is essential for every human activity is contaminated with carcinogenic substances including heavy metals, this present study evaluated potentially toxic metal concentration in some selected rivers in Ijebu-North of Nigeria to determine the concentration of heavy metals and evaluate the pollution index. Ten (10) rivers were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. Samples were collected using a labelled acid pre-cleaned polyethylene container so as avoid wall absorption, the samples were collected from different points at different locations along the course of the river. The samples were filtered, acidified with HNO3 and analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cu in all the rivers were higher than the WHO limit. However Hg, Cd, Ag, Al, and Mn values are below the recommended values. The contamination factor (C_f) for the Pb varied from 2.18-4.04, Ni varied from 3.0-14.0, Hg was between 0.00-0.03333, Cd was between 0.16667-0.6667, Cr varied between 8.00-48.40, Cu varied between 4.00-12.00, Ag varied between 0.01-0.02, Se varied from 0.05-1.25, Al varied between 0.12-0.46 and Mn varied from 0.020-0.028, Cu values fall within the range of very severe pollution. The results from this study revealed that some rivers within the study area were polluted and recommended for treatment before they can be used domestically and for other purposes.
8
SKOULIKIDIS, N. TH. "Typological and qualitative characteristics of Greek-interregional rivers." Mediterranean Marine Science 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.260.
Full textAbstract:
The catchments of the interregional rivers (I.R.) entering Greece cover an area of approximately 98000 km2, of which only 14% belongs to Greece, while their contribution to the country’s freshwater runoff reach 40% (18 km3/a). Geologically, the I.R. catchments are marked by their high percentage of acid silicates. I.R. show hydrochemical similarities, except for Evros, which is highly polluted. Compared to the other major Greek rivers, I.R. are the most polluted, with the Evros at the top, followed by the Axios. The main factors controlling their composition are climate, pollution and catchment geology. Inter-annual qualitative variations are controlled by seasonal climatic variations, which govern evaporation, groundwater contribution to river flow, dilution and flushing. A long-term salinisation of river water is attributed to climatic and anthropogenic impact. The I.R. transfer approx. 6,63 Μ t dissolved solids to the sea annually. Regarding the inputs of pollutants into the sea, they transfer over 70 % of the potassium, nitrate and dissolved organic carbon of the total load carried by major Greek rivers (78% of total Greek surface runoff), whereas for phosphate and sulphate the percentages reach 89 and 78.
9
Dzwairo, B., and F. A. O. Otieno. "Chemical pollution assessment and prioritisation model for the Upper and Middle Vaal water management areas of South Africa." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.017.
Full textAbstract:
A chemical pollution assessment and prioritisation model was developed for the Upper and Middle Vaal water management areas of South Africa in order to provide a simple and practical Pollution Index to assist with mitigation and rehabilitation activities. Historical data for 2003 to 2008 from 21 river sites were cubic-interpolated to daily values. Nine parameters were considered for this purpose, that is, ammonium, chloride, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, fluoride, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate. Parameter selection was based on sub-catchment pollution characteristics and availability of a consistent data range, against a harmonised guideline which provided five classes. Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 used ideal catchment background values for Vaal Dam, Vaal Barrage, Blesbokspruit/Suikerbosrant and Klip Rivers, respectively. Class 5 represented values which fell above those for Klip River. The Pollution Index, as provided by the model, identified pollution prioritisation monitoring points on Rietspruit-W:K2, Natalspruit:K12, Blesbokspruit:B1, Rietspruit-L:R1/R2, Taaibosspruit:T1 and Leeuspruit:L1. Pre-classification indicated that pollution sources were domestic, industrial and mine effluent. It was concluded that rehabilitation and mitigation measures should prioritise points with high classes. Ability of the model to perform simple scenario building and analysis was considered to be an effective tool for acid mine drainage pollution assessment.
10
Aina Syahirah Nor Saharudin, Lailashugra Abd. Mutalib, Zitty Sarah Ismail, Noor Aziatul Aini Hamzan, Sabarina Md Yunus, and Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin. "Enrichment and Distribution of Elements Concentration in Sediment of Sungai Balok, Pahang." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 33, no. 3 (November 9, 2023): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.33.3.2838.
Full textAbstract:
Sungai Balok, Pahang is one of the rivers that has been impacted by anthropogenic pollution in the surrounding area that contributes to increase the level of river pollution. The purpose of the study was to estimate the pollution levels using sediment indices include pollution load index (PLI), Enrichment Factor (EF) and Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo). The sediment core samples were taken from five sampling points along Sungai Balok from upstream to downstream towards coastal area. The sediment samples were sliced into 2 cm aggregates from surface down to bottom of the sediment core. Then, the samples were oven dried, pulverized and digested using acid digestion prior to analyze using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The average concentration of the elements in sediment core which are shows in the following order: As > Pb > Zn> Cr > Mn. It was found that the elements concentrations distribution varied between the vertical layer. The assessment of the degree of pollutant in sediment were done based on sediment pollution indices.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acid pollution of rivers"
1
McClurg, Sarah Elizabeth. "Stream ecosystem response to mitigative limestone treatment in acid impaired, central Appalachian streams." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3667.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 104 p. : ill., maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-49).
2
Warlimont, Petra. "Application of the Tracking and Analysis Framework (TAF) to Assess the Effects of Acidic Deposition on Recreational Fishing in Maine Lakes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WarlimontP2002.pdf.
Full text
3
Hoar, Cara Chowning. "Fish response to discharge events from a power plant cooling reservoir in a river affected by acid mine drainage and thermal influences." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4204.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 70 p. : ill., maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
4
Horn, Christopher D. "Investigation of the effects of thermal enrichment and acid mine drainage on sensitive aquatic biota in the Stony River, Grant County, WV." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3948.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 101 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (part col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
5
Broomall, Phillip A. "Physical and chemical limnological study of an acid mine lake in Sullivan County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/861393.
Full textAbstract:
Southwestern Indiana has numerous lakes developed in abandoned coal mine spoils which support recreational sports fisheries. Some lakes, due to exposure to acid mine drainage from coal wastes and pyritic spoils, are unsuitable habitats for fisheries development. This study examines a publicly owned acid mine lake with an area of approximately 51 ha, following reclamation and elimination of acid producing areas in its drainage basin. Fifteen physico-chemical sample collections were made over a thirteen month period (1991-1992). Parameters sampled included pH, total acidity, iron, manganese, and aluminum. Comparisons were made to historic pre-reclamation water quality data and to established models of acid mine lake recovery. Due to the local topography and exposure to prevailing winds, the lake was generally well mixed throughout the study. Virtually no summer stratification was found, but typical winter season stratification occurred. The water column was well oxygenated throughout the study. Secchi disk transparency varied from 2.5 m to clear to lake bottom (6 m). This study found no significant change in lake water pH (2.9-3.0 to 3.0-3.2 s.u.) since reclamation activities in 1988. However, changes in total acidity and total metal concentrations had occurred since reclamation which suggested that the lake was in early recovery stages. No trends in water quality improvement were determined which could assist in planning toward the eventual establishment of a sports fishery.Department of Biology
6
Rosfjord, Catherine Harney. "An Evaluation of 20 Year Changes in Chemistry in the EPA Easter Lake Survey, A Statistical Population of Lakes in the Northeastern U.S." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RosfjordCH2005.pdf.
Full text
7
Bernard, David P. "Impact of stream acidification on invertebrates : drift response to in situ experiments augmenting aluminum ion concentrations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24478.
Full textAbstract:
Recent evidence strongly suggests that aluminum toxicity is important in determining the structural and functional characteristics of freshwater communities affected by acid precipitation. To determine the effect dissolved aluminum has on lotic invertebrates previously unexposed to anthropogenic acidification, experiments were carried out in a second-order headwater stream 50 km east of Vancouver, British Columbia during August 1982. In three separate experiments, HC1 and/or A1C1₃ were added to Mayfly Creek during daylight hours, increasing acidity from pH 6.9 - 7.0 to pH 5.8 - 6.0 and total aluminum from < 0.1 mg/L to > 1.0 mg/L. Biological response was monitored by sampling invertebrate drift with 86 Mm nets.
Relative to an unmanipulated, upstream control site, drift density doubled in response to added H⁺ alone (pH 5.9). When Al₃⁺ was added (pH 5.9) drift density increased fourfold. Following 48 h continuous dosing with HC1 (pH 5.9) there was an even greater response to added Al₃⁺.
Ephemeroptera were able to detect dissolved aluminum and responded almost immediately (within 45 min). Similarly, Trichoptera and Chironomidae detected increased H⁺ concentrations and responded immediately. Response to
augmented Al₃⁺ by Trichoptera, Hydracarina, and Chironomidae was delayed 6 h. However, pre-exposing animals to 48 h HC1 resulted in enhanced aluminum sensitivity for Chironomidae and for Simulium and Plecoptera, which had not responded within 10 h to H⁺ or Al₃⁺ alone. It is proposed that rapid increases in drift density are due to behavioral escape responses, while delayed responses are probably associated with physiological impairment. Evidence was also obtained suggesting that during early stages of morphological development Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae are more sensitive to increased Al₃⁺ and H⁺ concentrations than during later developmental stages.
In laboratory experiments using artificial stream channels, Chironomidae larvae and Ephemeroptera nymphs were exposed to CI⁻ and H⁺ concentrations, equal to those during field experiments. Results showed that drift behavior in these animals is not stimulated by mildly elevated chloride concentrations.
These studies demonstrate that increased dissolved aluminum concentrations intensify biological response to acidification, and confirm acid sensitivity patterns for Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae reported by others. The observed acid
insensitivity of Plecoptera, simuliids, and Trichoptera also conforms to previously described patterns.
Experimentally manipulating this community produced results closely resembling those obtained in similar studies for areas currently affected by acid precipitation. The major difference in results between studies is that invertebrate communities previously unexposed to acidification contain more species sensitive to mild acidification. These latter animals are particularly sensitive to the presence of elevated dissolved aluminum concentrations.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
8
Stendera, Sonja Johnson Richard K. "Spatiotemporal variability of chemistry and biota in boreal surface waters : a multiscale analysis of patterns and processes /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000956/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005.Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reproduces four papers and manuscripts co-authored with R.K. Johnson. Issued also electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
9
Dove, Michael Colin Geography Program UNSW. "Effects of estuarine acidification on survival and growth of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Geography Program, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20485.
Full textAbstract:
Estuarine acidification, caused by disturbance of acid sulfate soils (ASS), is a recurrent problem in eastern Australia. Affected waters are characterised by low pH and elevated concentrations of metals, principally aluminium and iron. The effects of acid and elevated metal concentrations associated with ASS, on adult Sydney rock oysters, have not been previously investigated. This study tested links between ASS-affected drainage, subsequent estuarine acidification and Sydney rock oyster production problems on the Hastings and Manning Rivers, mid north coast New South Wales. The primary objective of this thesis was to establish if estuarine acidification causes mortality and slow growth in individual Sydney rock oysters by exposing oysters to low pH, iron and aluminium using field and laboratory experiments. Water quality data showed that estuarine acidification was spatially extensive in the Hastings and Manning Rivers following heavy rainfall and was due to mineral acids originating from drained or excavated ASS. Estuarine acidification regularly affected areas used for Sydney rock oyster production following heavy rainfall. Field experiments showed that Sydney rock oyster mortality rates were significantly higher at sites exposed to ASS-affected waters compared to locations that were isolated from ASS-affected waters. Oyster mortality increased with the time of exposure and smaller oysters (mean weight = 5 g) experienced significantly higher mortality relative to larger oysters (mean weight = 29 g). This was caused by acid-induced shell degradation resulting in perforation of the smaller oysters??? under-developed shells. Additionally, Sydney rock oyster growth rates were dramatically reduced at sites exposed to ASS-affected waters and the overall mean condition index of oysters at ASS-affected field sites was significantly lower than the overall mean condition index of oysters at non-impacted sites. Findings from laboratory experiments showed that ASS-affected water alters oyster valve movements and significantly reduces oyster feeding rates at pH 5.5. Acidic treatments (pH 5.1) containing 7.64 mg L-1 of aluminium or ASS-affected water caused changes in the mantle and gill soft tissues following short-term exposure. Degenerative effects described in oysters in this study were also due to iron contained in ASS-affected waters. Iron precipitates accumulated on the shell, gills and mantle and were observed in the stomach, intestine, digestive tubules and rectum. This study concluded that Sydney rock oysters are unable to tolerate acidic conditions caused by ASS outflows and cannot be viably cultivated in acid-prone areas of the estuary.
10
Lonergan, Sean P. "Macroinvertebrate community responses to acidification : isolating the effects of pH from other water chemistry variables." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68205.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of lake acidification was evaluated, in the field, in terms of its impact on both the structural and functional composition of the macrozoobenthic community. The littoral macrozoobenthic community and water chemistry of 45 Canadian Shield lakes was sampled. The water chemistry variables sampled included pH, total dissolved calcium, conductivity, and dissolved organic acid (measured as colour). Partial canonical correlation analysis and partial regression analysis were used to identify those components of the macrozoobenthic community that most directly reflected pH variability. This was done by first removing from the data that portion of the variability attributable to total dissolved calcium, conductivity, and dissolved organic acids. In addition, the spatial structure in the data was removed by identifying the geographic coordinates of the sampling sites.In general, the results presented here are not consistent with previous studies where the response of the macrozoobenthic community was related to pH without consideration of confounding covariables. Snails, leeches, mayflies and crayfish have all been cited for their sensitivity to acidification. The present study found these taxa to reflect, not pH variability, but rather attributes of water hardness. Similar results were found for both total zoobenthic biomass and functional feeding group abundance.
Books on the topic "Acid pollution of rivers"
1
Environment Canada. Canadian Wildlife Service. Peatland acidity budgets and the effects of acid deposition: acid precipitation research/ John A. Wood. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service, 1989.
Find full text
2
Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Publications and Information Branch., ed. Acid rain: Time is running out. Ottawa: Publications and Information Branch, Communications Directorate, 1987.
Find full text
3
(Japan), Shinrin Sōgō Kenkyūjo. Sanseiu tō no shinrin, keiryū e no eikyō monitaringu. Ibaraki-ken Tsukuba-shi: Shinrin Sōgō Kenkyūjo, 2006.
Find full text
4
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring and Quality Assurance, ed. AERP status. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring and Quality Assurance, 1990.
Find full text
5
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Acid rain in the West: Hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, August 12, 1985--Denver, CO. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
Find full text
6
Chen, Zhendong. Taiwan di qu hu zhao suan hua cheng du zhi guo qu, dang qian yu wei lai. [Gaoxiong Shi]: Zhongshan da xue hai yang di zhi yan jiu suo, 1988.
Find full text
7
Hong, Jiazhang. Gao Nan di qu suan yu xian kuang ji tian ran shui yu suan hua cheng du. [Gaoxiong Shi]: Guo li Zhongshan da xue hai yang di zhi yan jiu suo, 1987.
Find full text
8
Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans., ed. Aquatic acidification studies in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, area. [Ottawa, Canada: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1992.
Find full text
9
Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Dorset Research Centre. The relative magnitude of phosphorus sources for small, oligotrophic lakes in Ontario, Canada. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1992.
Find full text
10
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment. Acid rain in the West: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, June 28, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Acid pollution of rivers"
1
Zoccolillo, L., G. P. Cartoni, M. Ronchetti, and A. Delogu. "Evaluation of Degree of Pollution of Tiber and Aniene Rivers by Nitrilotriacetic Acid." In Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment, 116–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2989-0_17.
Full text
2
Aitouche, Abdel, Raouf Mobasheri, Xiang Li, Jun Peng, Chris Barnett, Uwe Bernheiden, Peter Dooley, Klaus Bieker, Ahmed El Hajjaji, and Robin Pote. "River Project, An Innovative Way to Reduce Pollution on Riverboats." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 906–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_80.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractConsidering the EU environmental standards for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), reducing pollutant emissions from inland waterway vessels is becoming increasingly important. The RIVER research project aims to find solutions to achieve nitrogen-free combustion in waterways transportation systems while also emitting zero CO2 emission. RIVER addresses these issues using Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology and Oxy-fuel combustion (OFC). The project is co-financed by the European Union, as part of the Interreg North-West Europe program. There are ten partners involved in this project (FR, UK, GE, NL, LU). In OFC technology, pure oxygen is used instead of air. Due to the absence of N2 in the intake charge, NOx emissions will be eliminated. Consequently, the only products of combustion are CO2 and water vapor. To have a stable combustion process and avoid overheating problems caused by using pure oxygen, some part of the exhaust CO2 will be recirculated to the engine to create an oxygen-CO2 mixture for being fed into the engine. A detailed CFD simulation carried out in this project has revealed that 21% oxygen and 79% carbon dioxide is the ideal mixture for the engine to run at maximum efficiency. The remaining CO2 from the exhaust is collected. It is then condensed, compressed, and stored in a tank to be valorized later. It will be transformed into cosmetics, skincare products, and formic acid. These types of acids are used by the medical sector as an anti-rheumatic product. River's final demonstration will take place in Crewe, UK in July 2022.
3
Mathur, Rohit, Rick D. Saylor, and Leonard K. Peters. "The Impact of Emission Reductions on Mesoscale Acid Deposition in the Lower Ohio River Valley." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application VIII, 69–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3720-5_4.
Full text
4
Bratovcic, Amra, Ajith Nithin, and Arumugam Sundaramanickam. "Microplastics Pollution in Rivers." In Microplastics Pollution in Aquatic Media, 21–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8440-1_2.
Full text
5
Golterman, H. L., and N. T. Oude. "Eutrophication of Lakes, Rivers and Coastal Seas." In Water Pollution, 79–124. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46685-7_3.
Full text
6
Benedini, Marcello, and George Tsakiris. "Thermal Pollution." In Water Quality Modelling for Rivers and Streams, 199–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5509-3_16.
Full text
7
Benedini, Marcello, and George Tsakiris. "The Biochemical Pollution." In Water Quality Modelling for Rivers and Streams, 57–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5509-3_6.
Full text
8
Karaouzas, Ioannis. "Agro-Industrial Wastewater Pollution in Greek River Ecosystems." In The Rivers of Greece, 169–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_453.
Full text
9
Benedini, Marcello, and George Tsakiris. "Mathematical Interpretation of Pollution Transport." In Water Quality Modelling for Rivers and Streams, 27–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5509-3_3.
Full text
10
Dey, Shreyosi, and Arnab Majumdar. "Current Status of Pollution in Major Rivers and Tributaries of India and Protection-Restoration Strategies." In Rivers of India, 69–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49163-4_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Acid pollution of rivers"
1
SIMO, Irina Monica, Mihaela-Cătălina HERGHELEGIU, Gheorghe ROȘIAN, and Mihail Simion BELDEAN-GALEA. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cerna River Basin, Hunedoara County." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2024 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2024_16.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to assess the presence of the heavy metals like Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, As and Zn, in the surface water samples, collected from Cerna River and it’s main tributary, from Hunedoara county. The main sources of heavy metals is the Hidrografic Reservoir are represented by the industrial activities (especially steel industry) improperly storage of waste, diffuse polution and atmospheric depositions. The heavy metal content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with atomization in graphite furnace. Before de analysis, the water samples were treated with nitric acid for heavy metal’s mineralization. Ten water samples were collected from Cerna River and it’s main tributary as it follows: Cerna River flowing in Mureș River, Cerna River in Sântuhalm, Cristur River, Pestis River, Petac River, Zlaști River, Teliucul Inferior River, Govâjdia River, Toplița River and Vălarița River. Depending on the sampling point, the measurable results are as the following: Cerna River flowing in the Mureş River (Cu - 10.1 μg/L, Cd - 0.09 μg/L, Cr - 1.44 μg/L, Pb - 4.67 μg/L. Ni - 1.38 μg/L, As - 2.43 μg/L); Cerna River in Sântuhalm (Cu - 24,9 μg/L, Cr - 16,2 μg/L. Zn - 0.04 μg/L și As - 1.05 μg/L); Cristur River (Cu - 0.74 μg/L, Cd - 0.03 μg /L, Pb - 0.65 μg /L, Ni - 0.51 μg /L); Peștiș River (Cu - 2,78 μg /L, Cr - 0.68 μg /L, Pb - 0.54 μg /L, Ni - 8.03 μg /L); Petac River (Cu - 1.61 μg /L, Pb - 0.12 μg /L, Ni - 0.65 μg /L, As - 1.73 μg /L); Zlaști River (Cu - 3.0 μg /L, Cd - 0.06 μg /L, Cr - 0.64 μg /L, Pb - 0.37 μg /L, Ni - 0,85 μg /L, As - 1.31 μg /L); Teliucul Inferior River (Cu - 3.68 μg/L, Cd - 0.25 μg /L, Pb - 5.3 μg /L, As - 1.82 μg /L); Govâjdia River (Cu - 3.26 μg /L, Cr - 0.55 μg/L, Pb - 0.66 μg/L, Ni - 0.92 μg /L); Toplița River (Cu - 2.07 μg/L, Pb - 0.12 μg/L, Ni - 0.63 μg/L, As - 1.25 μg/L; Vălarița River (Cu - 1.06 μg/L, Cd - 2.44 μg/L, Cr - 1.97 μg/L, Pb - 0.76 μg /L, As - 2.68 μg/L, Ni - 5.05 μg/L, Zn - 2.44μg/L). The results show that in the analyzed water samples there are exceedances for heavy metals as follows: Cu, one exceedance; Cd, three exceedance; Pb, two exceedance; and Ni, two exceedance.
2
Boren, Richard M., Charles F. Hammel, and Mark R. Bleckinger. "Multi-Pollution Removal System Using Oxides of Manganese." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52081.
Full textAbstract:
Pending legislation suggests there will be a need for increased removal of NOx, SO2, Hg (Mercury) and PM 2.5 from coal-fired power plants. Current commercial technologies only handle one of these pollutants so several different technologies must be combined to remove all of these pollutants. The Pahlman™ Process developed by Enviroscrub Technologies removes NOx, SO2 and Hg in one step. The Pahlman™ Process is a sorbent-based technology, which utilizes a proprietary Oxides of Manganese compound to remove SO2, NOx and Hg. The sorbent is spray-dried into the exhaust duct downstream of the current particulate control device. Spray drying is used to control the particle size (40 micron mean) and increases the surface area of the particle (∼300 m2 /gram). The sorbent is collected in a fabric filter baghouse, which serves two purposes: (1) it captures the entrained sorbent and (2) provides additional residence time for gas-solid contact between the sorbent and the target pollutants. The loaded sorbent is removed from the baghouse and routed to regeneration. Sorbent regeneration occurs in an aqueous solution under temperature and pressure while the solution is maintained in the proper pH and Eh ranges. The reacted manganese is oxidized back to its starting state and sulfate and nitrate byproduct compounds are produced. The insoluble oxides of manganese are then filtered out of the solution and returned to the spray-dryer for re-use. The soluble sulfate and nitrate compounds are separated and the nitrate by-products are sold as fertilizer. The sulfates are further processed and re-used in the regeneration process with excess sulfate by-products sold as fertilizer or used to produce sulfuric acid. Testing over the last three years has resulted in consistent SO2 removal of over 99% and NOx removal of greater than 95%. Testing performed in June 2003 at DTE Energy’s River Rouge Power Station Unit#3 in Detroit, Michigan showed removal rates of >99% for SO2, >98% for NOx and 97% for oxidized Mercury (Hg2+). Mercury testing was performed by the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) and paid for by DTE Energy and the DOE. Testing performed in December 2003 through January 2004 at Minnesota Power’s Boswell Energy Center Unit#4 in Cohasset, Minnesota showed removal rates of >98% for SO2, >94% for NOx and 99.2% for elemental (Hg0) and 94% for total Mercury (HgT).
3
Felhofer, Samantha, Kaleigh Kraft, Reilly Flynn, Amanda Mudlaff, Brett Samuelson, and Subha Kumpaty. "Kinnikinnic River Trash Collector Design." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10467.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A senior design team from the Milwaukee School of Engineering assisted the Milwaukee Harbor District with a trash collecting solution for the Kinnickinnic River. The design objectives were: the use of solar panels to generate charge for the continuous operation of the trash solution, an innovative and cost-efficient way to clear debris blockages from the conveyor, low cost, and a design that can operate as autonomously as possible to require the least amount of human intervention. The Kinnickinnic River experiences a reverse flow and a substantial rise in water level during and after storms. The need for a trash solution in the section of the river that passes underneath Becker St. in downtown Milwaukee is due to the extreme pollution that has collected over the years. The city of Milwaukee, through the Harbor District and other non-profit organizations, have made plans to beautify the areas that have suffered from the residual pollution and simultaneously launch a promotional campaign to raise environmental awareness. Through school programs and the reality of the team’s trash solution in the river, the Kinnickinnic River will once again flourish in both flora and fauna. The team has created a design that will fit the river’s needs taking into consideration the solar energy available and various flow simulations. A full design solution with design details and specifications for manufacturing will be submitted to the Harbor District of Milwaukee for their review. The current design makes use of a floating platform base, 24 solar panels, eight lead acid batteries, a DC motor to run a conveyor belt to pull trash out of the water and to run a rake system to aid in pushing trash onto the conveyor, a gearbox to produce the necessary torque, a boom and cable system to catch trash further in the river, and a dumpster located on a dock in front of the trash collector. Finite Element Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were run to test the designs developed for the conveyor mechanism and the raking system and to test the amount of force placed on the trash collector by the water and air velocities. Further simulations may be run to test more components of the trash collector as needed. A prototype of the conveyor and rake system was produced to simulate the functionality of the design. Additionally, the selected solar panels for the design were tested using a data collector and analyzed to ensure power to the design would be enough.
4
"Rivers Pollution in Central Asia." In The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium. AIJR Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/abstracts.93.79.
Full text
5
Imam, E., and S. El Baradei. "Ecosystem and assimilative capacity of rivers with control structures." In WATER POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp060431.
Full text
6
Nascimento, G. C., and A. M. Pereira Andreazza. "Agrochemical modeling in rivers: the Sampaio irrigation project case study." In WATER POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp080351.
Full text
7
Wong, G. W. S., and M. R. Peart. "A study of anthropogenic, marine and other influences upon water chemistry in Hong Kong rivers." In WATER POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp060091.
Full text
8
MIURA, SHIN, TADAHARU ISHIKAWA, and TETSUO HOTTA. "LABORATORY EXPERIMENT ON GENERATION OF ANAEROBIC GAS AND SCUM FROM ORGANIC SLUDGE IN URBAN RIVERS." In WATER POLLUTION 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp180021.
Full text
9
Evangelista, S., V. Yargeau, and D. G. Cooper. "The recalcitrance of clofibric acid to microbial degradation." In WATER POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp080271.
Full text
10
Ladeira, A. C. Q., and C. R. Gonçalves. "Uranium recovery and manganese removal from acid mine drainage." In WATER POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp080451.
Full textReports on the topic "Acid pollution of rivers"
1
Branch, Ruth, Zhaoqing Yang, Benjamin Maurer, and Ali Chamas. Riverine Plastic Pollution: Field Sampling Protocol and Implementation in U.S. Rivers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2008376.
Full text
2
Anshuman Das, Anshuman Das. Can low-cost and readily available water quality testers accurately map pollution levels in Indian rivers? Experiment, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/52331.
Full text
3
Barreca, Alan, Matthew Neidell, and Nicholas Sanders. Long-Run Pollution Exposure and Adult Mortality: Evidence from the Acid Rain Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23524.
Full text
4
Hirst, Russell, James Baker, Rhea Molato-Gayares, and Albert Park. How to Stop Automotive Battery Recycling from Poisoning Our Children. Asian Development Bank, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230487.
Full textAbstract:
This brief calls for better safety standards on how automotive batteries are recycled in Asia’s developing countries to reduce harmful lead pollution and its associated health impacts. With developing Asia home to over 400 million children with potentially harmful blood lead levels, it explains how the open-air recycling of used lead-acid batteries (ULAB) contaminates air, soil, and water. Using Viet Nam and the United Kingdom as comparative case studies, the brief demonstrates why countries in the region should educate workers on ULAB recycling risks and look to remediate contaminated sites. It also emphasizes the need to hold manufacturers responsible for the entire life cycle of batteries, including the recycling process.
5
Hochman, Ayala, Thomas Nash III, and Pamela Padgett. Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants, Ozone and Gas-phase Nitric Acid, on Plants and Lichens for their Use as Early Warning Biomonitors of these Air Pollutants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697115.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Ozone and related oxidants are regarded as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in many parts of the western world. A previously unrecognized component of smog, nitric acid, may have even greater deleterious effects on plants either by itself or by augmenting ozone injury. The effects of ozone on plants are well characterized with respect to structural and physiological changes, but very little is known about the biochemical changes in plants and lichens exposed to ozone and/or HNO3. Objectives.To compare and contrast the responses of crop plants and lichens to dry deposition of HNO3 and O3., separately, and combined in order to assess our working hypothesis that lichens respond to air pollution faster than plants. Lichens are most suitable for use as biomonitors because they offer a live-organism-based system that does not require maintenance and can be attached to any site, without the need for man-made technical support systems. Original Immediate aims To expose the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and the ozone sensitive red kidney bean (Phaseolusvulgaris) and the lichen Ramalinamenziesii to controlled HNO3 and O3 fumigations and combined and to follow the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes, with special reference to reactive oxygen species related parameters. Revised. Due to technical problems and time limitations we studied the lichen Ramalinamenziesii and two cultivar of tobacco: Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and a resistant cultivar, which were exposed to HNO3 and O3 alone (not combined). Methodology. Plants and lichens were exposed in fumigation experiments to HNO3 and O3, in constantly stirred tank reactors and the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes were analyzed. Results. Lichens. Exposure of Ramalinamenziesiito HNO3 resulted in cell membrane damage that was evident by 14 days and continues to worsen by 28 days. Chlorophyll, photosynthesis and respiration all declined significantly in HNO3 treatments, with the toxic effects increasing with dosage. In contrast, O3 fumigations of R. menziesii showed no significant negative effects with no differences in the above response variables between high, moderate and low levels of fumigations. There was a gradual decrease in catalase activity with increased levels of HNO3. The activity of glutathione reductase dropped to 20% in thalli exposed to low HNO3 but increased with its increase. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increase by 20% with low levels of the pollutants but decreased with its increase. Tobacco. After 3 weeks of exposure of the sensitive tobacco cultivar to ozone there were visible symptoms of toxicity, but no danmage was evident in the tolerant cultivar. Neither cultivar showed any visible symptoms after exposure to HNO3.In tobacco fumigated with O3, there was a significant decrease in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance at high levels of the pollutant, while changes in mesophyll conductance were not significant. However, under HNO3 fumigation there was a significant increase in mesophyll conductance at low and high HNO3 levels while changes in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance were not significant. We could not detect any activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the fumigated tobacco leaves. This is in spite of the fact that we were able to assay the enzymes in tobacco leaves grown in Israel. Conclusions. This project generated novel data, and potentially applicable to agriculture, on the differential response of lichens and tobacco to HNO3 and O3 pollutants. However, due to experimental problems and time limitation discussed in the body of the report, our data do not justify yet application for a full, 4-year grant. We hope that in the future we shall conduct more experiments related to our objectives, which will serve as a basis for a larger scale project to explore the possibility of using lichens and/or plants for biomonitoring of ozone and nitric acid air pollution.
6
Bennett, Oliver. Freshwater habitat restoration. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn709.
Full textAbstract:
Freshwater habitats, such as rivers and wetlands, provide major benefits to society through services such as flood risk reduction and drinking water. However, many of these habitats are in a poor condition. They have been damaged by a range of human activities including physical modification and pollution. For example, an estimated 90% of wetlands have been lost over the last century. Restoration of freshwater habitats can be achieved by addressing the causes of degradation and by enhancing or extending habitats. There is good evidence on the benefits of some forms of restoration. For example, restoration can deliver effective flood defence and restore fish populations. However, certain restoration measures are less well-studied. There are numerous national and international targets for the restoration of freshwater habitats. These include a commitment to improving at least 75% of waters to close to their natural state as soon as practicable by 2042. However, some stakeholders believe that these commitments will not be met under current plans in England. There have been calls for various actions including: increased and long-term funding to deliver larger-scale projects changes to policy and legislation to deliver more joined-up decision making and to include small water bodies and headwaters further prevention of degradation, including better enforcement of existing legislation the removal of barriers to nature-based solutions Policy in this area is devolved. For England, the UK Government published a Plan for Water in 2023 that contained new actions to help improve the condition of freshwater habitats. The Office for Environmental Protection will publish an assessment of the Government’s approach in 2024.
7
Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.
Full textAbstract:
Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
8
Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer, and Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.
Full textAbstract:
The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.
9
van Gemert, Rob, Per Holliland, Konrad Karlsson, Niklas Sjöberg, and Torbjörn Säterberg. Assessment of the eel stock in Sweden, spring 2024 : fifth post-evaluation of the Swedish eel management. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4iseib7eup.
Full textAbstract:
For decades, the population of the European eel has been in severe decline. In 2007, the European Union decided on a Regulation establishing measures for the recovery of the stock, which obliged Member States to implement a national Eel Management Plan by 2009. Sweden submitted its plan in 2008. According to the Regulation, Member States shall report regularly to the EU-Commission, on the implementation of their Eel Management Plans and the progress achieved in protection and restoration. The current report provides an assessment of the eel stock in Sweden as of spring 2024, intending to feed into the national reporting to the EU in August this year. This report updates and extends previous evaluation reports by Dekker (2012, 2015) and Dekker et al. (2018, 2021). In this report, the impacts on the stock - of fishing, restocking and mortality related to hydropower generation - are assessed. Other anthropogenic impacts (climate change, pollution, increased impacts of predators, spread of parasites, disruption of migration due to disorientation after transport, and so forth) probably have an impact on the stock too, but these factors are hardly quantifiable, and no management targets have been set. For that reason, and because most factors were not included in the EU Eel Regulation, these other factors are not included in this report. Our focus is on the quantification of silver eel biomass escaping from continental waters towards the ocean (current, current potential and pristine) and mortality risks endured by those eels during their whole lifetime. The assessment is broken down on a geographical basis, with different impacts dominating in different areas (west coast, inland waters, Baltic coast). In the last decade, a break in the downward trend in glass eel recruitment has been observed, with recruitment no longer declining consistently. Whether that relates to recent protective actions, or is due to other factors, is yet unclear. Nevertheless, recruitment levels remain at historically low levels. This report contributes to the required international assessment, but does not discuss the causing factors behind the recent recruitment trend and the overall status of the stock across Europe. For the different assessment areas, results summarise as follows: On the west coast, a commercial fyke net fishery on yellow eel was exploiting the stock, until this fishery was completely closed in spring 2012. A fishery-based assessment no longer being achievable, we present trends from research surveys (fyke nets). Insufficient information is currently available to assess the recovery of the stock in absolute terms. Obviously, current fishing mortality is zero (disregarding the currently unquantifiable effect of illegal fishing), but none of the other requested stock indicators (current, current potential and pristine biomass) can be presented. The formerly exploited size-classes of the stock show a recovery in abundance after the closure of the commercial fishery, and the smaller size classes show a break in their decline in line with the recent global trend of glass eel recruitment. In order to support the recovery of the stock, or to compensate for anthropogenic mortality in inland waters, young eel has been restocked on the Swedish west coast since 2010. Noting the quantity of restocking involved, the expected effect (ca. 50 t silver eel) is relatively small, and hard to verify – in comparison to the potential natural stock on the west coast (an order of 1000 t). However, for the currently depleted stock, the contribution will likely constitute a larger share of silver eel escapement. For inland waters, this report updates the 2021 assessment, with substantial changes in methodology being the use of a new natural recruitment model, and the full separation of Trap & Transport catches from the fisheries statistics. The assessment for the inland waters relies on a reconstruction of the stock from information on the youngest eels in our waters (natural recruits, assisted migration, restocking). Based on 78 years of data on natural recruitment into 22 rivers, a statistical model is applied which relates the number of immigrating young eel caught in traps to the location and size of each river, the distance from the trap to the river mouth, and the year in which those eels recruited to continental waters as a glass eel (year class). The further into the Baltic, the larger and less numerous recruits generally are. Distance upstream comes with less numerous recruits. Using the results from the above recruitment analysis, in combination with historical data on assisted migration (young eels transported upstream within a drainage area, across barriers) and restocking (young eels imported into a river system), we have a complete overview of how many young eels recruited to Swedish inland waters. From this, the production of fully grown silver eel is estimated for every lake and year separately, based on best estimates of growth and natural mortality rates. Subtracting the catch made by the fishery (as recorded) and down-sizing for the mortality incurred when passing hydropower stations (percentwise, as recorded or using a default percentage), an estimate of the biomass of silver eel escaping from each river towards the sea is derived. Results indicate, that since 1960, the production of silver eel in inland waters has declined from over 700 to below 300 tonnes per year (t/yr). The production of naturally recruited eels is still falling; following the increase in restocking since 2010, an increase in restocking-based production is expected to be starting right around now. Gradually, restocking has replaced natural recruitment (assisted and fully natural), now making up over 90 % of the inland stock. Fisheries have taken 20-30 % of the silver eel (since the mid-1980s), while the impact of hydropower has ranged from 25 % to 60 %, depending on the year. Escapement is estimated to have varied from 72 t in the late 1990s, to 175 t in the early 2000s. The biomass of current escapement (including eels of restocked origin) is approximately 15 % of the pristine level (incl. restocked), or almost 30 % of the current potential biomass (incl. restocked). This is below the 40 % biomass limit of the Eel Regulation, and anthropogenic mortality (70 % over the entire life span in continental waters) exceeds the limit implied in the Eel Regulation (60 % mortality, the complement of 40 % survival). Mortality being that high, Swedish inland waters currently do not contribute to the recovery of the stock. The temporal variation (in production, impacts and escapement) is partly the consequence of a differential spatial distribution of the restocking of eel over the years. The original natural (not assisted) recruits were far less impacted by hydropower, since they could not climb the hydropower dams when immigrating. Since 2010, inland restocking is increasingly concentrated to drainage areas falling to the Kattegat-Skagerrak, also including obstructed lakes (primarily Lake Vänern, and many smaller ones). Even though Trap & Transport of silver eel - from above barriers towards the sea - has contributed to reducing the hydropower impact, hydropower mortality remains the largest estimated contributor to silver eel mortality in inland waters. Without restocking, the biomass affected by fishery and/or hydropower would be only 5-10 % of the currently impacted biomass, but the stock abundance would reduce from 15 % to less than 3 % of the pristine biomass. In summary: the inland eel stock biomass is below the minimum target, anthropogenic impacts exceed the minimum limit that would allow recovery, and those impacts have been increasing. It is therefore recommended to reconsider the current action plans on inland waters, taking into account the results of the current, comprehensive assessment. For the Baltic coast, the 2021 assessment has been updated without major changes in methodology. Results indicate that the impact of the fishery continues to decline over the decades. The current impact of the Swedish silver eel fishery on the escapement of silver eel along the Baltic Sea coast is estimated at 0.3 %. However, this fishery is just one of the anthropogenic impacts (in other areas/countries) affecting the eel stock in the Baltic, including all types of impacts, on all life stages and all habitats anywhere in the Baltic. Integration with the assessments in other countries has not been achieved. Current estimates of the abundance of silver eel (biomass) indicates an order of several thousand tonnes, but those estimates are extremely uncertain, due to the low impact of the fishery (near-zero statistics). Moreover, these do not take into account the origin of those silver eels, from other countries. An integrated assessment for the whole Baltic will be required to ground-truth these estimates. This would also bring the eel assessments in line with the policy to regionalise stock assessments for other (commercial) fish species (see https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fisheries/fisheries/rules/multiannual-plans_en). It is recommended to develop an integrated assessment for the entire Baltic Sea eel stock, and to coordinate protective measures with other range states.
10
Innovative Finance Approaches for Addressing River Basin Pollution: Combating Aquatic Biodiversity Loss in Southeast Asia. Asian Development Bank, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr240254-2.
Full textAbstract:
This report outlines the cascading environmental, social, and economic impacts of aquatic biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia and recommends ways to develop scalable projects that tackle river pollution and support sustainable development. Focusing on the Mekong and other major rivers, the report explains the effects of rapid urbanization, climate change, and industrialization on river basin pollution in the region where 110 million people lack access to safe water. It outlines how a combination of financing mechanisms such as blue bonds, nature-based solutions including mangrove reforestation, and policy reforms could help improve river health and unlock the region’s economic potential.