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Academic literature on the topic 'Acid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Acid"

1

Jung, Yui Jung. "The Influence of Organic Acid on Color Retention after Dyeing - Focusing on succinic acid and tartaric acid." Journal of Health and Beauty 16, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35131/ishb.2022.16.2.163.

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2

Velíšek, J., and K. Cejpek. "Biosynthesis of food constituents: Amino acids: 1. The glutamic acid and aspartic acid groups – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 24, No. 1 (November 9, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3287-cjfs.

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This review article gives a survey of principal pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of the proteinogenic amino acids of the glutamic acid group (glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, arginine) and aspartic acid group (aspartic acid, asparagine, threonine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine) starting with oxaloacetic acid from the citric acid cycle. There is an extensive use of reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved and detailed explanations using sound chemical principles and mechanisms.

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3

Kim, Sang A., and Kwang Soo Roh. "Effect of p-Coumaric Acid, Benzoic Acid, and Salicylic Acid on the Activity of Glutathione Reductase and Catalase in in vitro Grown Tobacco Plants." Journal of Life Science 24, no. 3 (March 30, 2014): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2014.24.3.227.

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4

Hong, Yong-Deog, Dae-Sung Yoo, Mi-Hee Nam, Hyeon-Chung Kim, Si-Jun Park, Song-Seok Shin, Jong-Woo Cheon, and Young Ho Park. "Excellent Anti-aging Effects of Ursolic acid and Oleanolic acid Present in Ligustrum lucidum." Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15230/scsk.2012.38.2.181.

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5

Jung, Sung-Hee, Jung-Soo Seo, Bo-Young Jee, Jin-Woo Kim, and Myoung-Ae Park. "Effect of temperature on pharmacokinetics of nalidixic acid and piromidic acid in black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli following oral administration." Journal of fish pathology 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7847/jfp.2011.24.1.029.

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6

Kim, Saeng-Gon, Min-Jung Kim, Dong-Chun Jin, Soon-Nang Park, Eu-Gene Cho, Marcelo Oliveira Freire, Sook-Jin Jang, Young-Jin Park, and Joong-Ki Kook. "Antimicrobial Effect of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Korean Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2012): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2012.029.

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7

Sharma, Anita, Stuti Katara, Sakshi Kabra, and Ashu Rani. "Acid Activated fly Ash, as a Novel Solid Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Acetic Acid." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/12.

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8

Pirguliyeva, M. S., and A. M. Guliyev. "ADDUCTS OF LEVOPIMARIC ACID WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND ETHANEDITHIOL AS ACID CORROSION INHIBITORS OF METALS." Chemical Problems 19, no. 2 (2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2021-2-107-112.

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The adducts were synthesized by means of diene condensation reaction of levopimaric acid with acrylic acid, and through carrying out the free radical addition of ethandithiol to levopimaric acid. The composition and structure of these adducts were identified through data of the elemental analysis, IR and PMR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the synthesized diacids as corrosion inhibitors was determined by means of the gravimetric method (on mass losses of a sample of steel plate of mark C-3) in an acidic medium (solutions of 1H and 5H of sulfuric acid). The influence of the medium temperature and concentration of the used compounds on the degree of protection and corrosion inhibition coefficient was analyzed. It found that rise in temperature results in the increase of protective effect of the inhibitor. Note that the increase of the inhibitor concentration, raising the degree of protection though, is not so noticeable.

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9

Vorozhbiyan, Michailo, Mykola Moroz, and Svitlana Neshko. "Factors Influencing Acid Formation Efficiency in Nitric Acid Technology." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 12, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.01.074.

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10

V, Chandrashekar S., and Eldo Johny. "Animosity towards Acid Attacks - Critical Study on Acid Victimization." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-5 (August 31, 2017): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2381.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acid"

1

Mantri, Padmaja. "Arachidonic acid aci-Reductone strategies : asymmetric synthesis of 2-hydroxytetronic acid antimetabolities /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078452092.

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2

Llewelyn, Peter William. "Supported heteropoly acids for acid catalysed reactions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54120/.

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3

Hinton, Michael Raymond. "Xylaric Acid, D-Arabinaric Acid (D-Lyxaric Acid), L-Arabinaric Acid (L-Lyxaric Acid), and Ribaric Acid-1,4-Lactone ; synthesis and isolation - synthesis of Polyhydroxypolyamides therefrom." [Missoula, Mont.] : University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03212009-142612/unrestricted/Hinton_umt_0136D_10002.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Montana, 2009.
ETD number: etd-03212009-142612. Author supplied keywords: aldaric acids ; carbohydrates ; MM3 ; oxidation ; polyhydroxypolyamide ; polymers. Description based on contents viewed on June 11, 2009; title from author supplied metadata. Includes bibliographical references.

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4

Kishino, Shigenobu. "Production of conjugated fatty acids by lactic acid bacteria." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/86244.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11617号
農博第1473号
新制||農||905(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4010(農学部図書室)
UT51-2005-D366
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授清水昌, 教授加藤暢夫, 教授植田充美
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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5

Fang, Bin. "Remobilisation of Heavy Metals from Sediments Using Aminopolycarboxylic Acids." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/630.

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This thesis describes a study of the remobilisation of heavy metals from sediments by three aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs). They are nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. The investigation is introduced by examining the sources, uses and chemistry of these acids. The introduction also includes a discussion of what is known about the inclusion of heavy metals into sediments and their remobilisation from sediments. Typical concentrations of APCAs in natural waters and sediments have been catalogued from the literature. The advantages and disadvantages of various laboratory techniques employed for the remobilisation of heavy metals by APCAs from sediments are assessed, as is the use of such experiments in quantifying the role of APCAs in the remobilisation of heavy metals from sediments. Sediments from three areas were sampled for this study; they were the Alexandra Canal, Captains Flat and Jenolan Caves in New South Wales, Australia. In each area several sites were sampled. For each site there is a brief description of the catchment geology and hydrology. Selected sediment-associated waters in the areas were analysed for their metal concentrations as well as for ultratrace levels of APCAs employing a method developed in the present study. The waters were analysed for the major ions Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-. The sediments from selected sites in each of the areas were dried and fractionated. The dry total and fine sediments were analysed for their metal content and the latter was found to adequately represent the former in this respect. Water samples from the three areas showed different chemistries and exhibited more subtle differences between sites. In general, the Alexandra Canal waters are saline and alkaline and are a mixture of urban runoff and seawater; the Captains Flat waters are acidic and contain high sulfate from acid mine and tailings drainage; the Jenolan Caves waters are neutral and have the features characteristic of waters draining through limestone. The APCA contamination in all water samples when ranked against other global sites is very low. Although the current APCA levels in the waters appear low, it was concluded that they should be closely monitored so that efforts can be made to minimise the risk of APCAs being hazardous environmental contaminants and also that any remobilisation of heavy metals from sediments by APCAs can be controlled. Agitation and column laboratory-scale experiments were carried out in order to obtain an understanding of the remobilisation of metals by contamination levels of APCAs in water, both as the individual APCAs and as a mixture of APCAs. Complimentary experiments were carried out using a molar excess of APCAs calculated from the metal concentrations obtained by acid digestion (assuming 1:1 metal complex formation). Both types of remobilisation experiments were designed to investigate the role that redox potential (Eh) and concentration of APCAs in natural waters have on the remobilisation of heavy metals from the sediments. The agitation experiments were employed to assess metal remobilisation for the situation where the sediments are disturbed while the column experiments explored metal remobilisation for the case where the sediments are left undisturbed in situ. The major conclusions from the agitation experiments that used fine sediment from the Alexandra Canal were that 100 ppm APCA solutions will remobilise metals from the sediments under oxic conditions but only remobilise infinitesimally small amounts of metal under anoxic conditions. The use of fine sediments for the duplicate agitation experiments was found to give adequate duplication of results. A mixture of APCAs in solution acts similarly to the average of the three individual APCA solutions, showing that there are no antagonistic or synergistic effects likely to occur when they are found together in the environment. It was found that the mmoles of the metals remobilised exceeded the mmoles of the APCAs added when 500.0 mL of 100 ppm APCA solution was used on 50.00 g of sediment. This might be due to APCAs remobilising metals from the sediments in ways other than by complexation. Even though an excess of APCAs was available, metal remobilisation was not complete when the experiments were forced to terminate. During the 14 days of the experiment, only one quarter of the metals liberated from the sediment by HNO3 and 30 % H2O2 digestion were remobilised by the APCAs. Therefore an excess of free APCAs remains in solution. Fine sediments from Alexandra Canal, Captains Flat and Jenolan Caves were employed in the oxic agitation experiments using excess APCAs in solution. These experiments resulted in the following major conclusion: when producing an APCA remobilisation signature for trace and ultratrace metals, the geochemistry of the site is of secondary importance to the source of the contaminating metals. This is a feature of the trace and ultratrace metal speciation in the source rather than their concentration in it. From the different levels of calcium present in the three areas it was found that calcium is unlikely to form stable 1:1 APCA complexes at the pH values employed and is unlikely to compete with the heavy metal remobilisation by APCAs. Total sediments from Alexandra Canal and 100 ppm APCA solutions were employed for the column leaching experiments. From mass, pore water volumes and flow measurements it was shown that the ten mini cores taken from the same site were not true replicates. Despite this, when the sediments have settled and the pore waters removed from the cores, the levels of metal being leached stabilise and may represent a clearer picture of the in situ metal leaching from sediment with time. The levels of metal leached from the cores in 14 days suggest that during this period the cores are essentially anoxic, with the oxygen supplied from the oxic leaching solutions used for inorganic and microbial processes in the sediments. Agitation experiments appeared to yield an adequate picture of what would happen if free APCA solution came in contact with fine sediments suspended in the water column. Column leaching experiments employing total sediment were found to be only of limited value in assessing heavy metal remobilisation from undisturbed sediment. These experiments do not give a reliable assessment of the bioavailability of heavy metals and further testing of the acute and chronic toxicity of the sediments is recommended. APCA solutions that have been used in sediment and soil washing under conditions related to those used in the present study may contain an excess of the free APCAs as well as APCA heavy metal complexes and hence may be toxic to biota.

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6

Fang, Bin. "Remobilisation of Heavy Metals from Sediments Using Aminopolycarboxylic Acids." University of Sydney. Chemistry, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/630.

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This thesis describes a study of the remobilisation of heavy metals from sediments by three aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs). They are nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. The investigation is introduced by examining the sources, uses and chemistry of these acids. The introduction also includes a discussion of what is known about the inclusion of heavy metals into sediments and their remobilisation from sediments. Typical concentrations of APCAs in natural waters and sediments have been catalogued from the literature. The advantages and disadvantages of various laboratory techniques employed for the remobilisation of heavy metals by APCAs from sediments are assessed, as is the use of such experiments in quantifying the role of APCAs in the remobilisation of heavy metals from sediments. Sediments from three areas were sampled for this study; they were the Alexandra Canal, Captains Flat and Jenolan Caves in New South Wales, Australia. In each area several sites were sampled. For each site there is a brief description of the catchment geology and hydrology. Selected sediment-associated waters in the areas were analysed for their metal concentrations as well as for ultratrace levels of APCAs employing a method developed in the present study. The waters were analysed for the major ions Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-. The sediments from selected sites in each of the areas were dried and fractionated. The dry total and fine sediments were analysed for their metal content and the latter was found to adequately represent the former in this respect. Water samples from the three areas showed different chemistries and exhibited more subtle differences between sites. In general, the Alexandra Canal waters are saline and alkaline and are a mixture of urban runoff and seawater; the Captains Flat waters are acidic and contain high sulfate from acid mine and tailings drainage; the Jenolan Caves waters are neutral and have the features characteristic of waters draining through limestone. The APCA contamination in all water samples when ranked against other global sites is very low. Although the current APCA levels in the waters appear low, it was concluded that they should be closely monitored so that efforts can be made to minimise the risk of APCAs being hazardous environmental contaminants and also that any remobilisation of heavy metals from sediments by APCAs can be controlled. Agitation and column laboratory-scale experiments were carried out in order to obtain an understanding of the remobilisation of metals by contamination levels of APCAs in water, both as the individual APCAs and as a mixture of APCAs. Complimentary experiments were carried out using a molar excess of APCAs calculated from the metal concentrations obtained by acid digestion (assuming 1:1 metal complex formation). Both types of remobilisation experiments were designed to investigate the role that redox potential (Eh) and concentration of APCAs in natural waters have on the remobilisation of heavy metals from the sediments. The agitation experiments were employed to assess metal remobilisation for the situation where the sediments are disturbed while the column experiments explored metal remobilisation for the case where the sediments are left undisturbed in situ. The major conclusions from the agitation experiments that used fine sediment from the Alexandra Canal were that 100 ppm APCA solutions will remobilise metals from the sediments under oxic conditions but only remobilise infinitesimally small amounts of metal under anoxic conditions. The use of fine sediments for the duplicate agitation experiments was found to give adequate duplication of results. A mixture of APCAs in solution acts similarly to the average of the three individual APCA solutions, showing that there are no antagonistic or synergistic effects likely to occur when they are found together in the environment. It was found that the mmoles of the metals remobilised exceeded the mmoles of the APCAs added when 500.0 mL of 100 ppm APCA solution was used on 50.00 g of sediment. This might be due to APCAs remobilising metals from the sediments in ways other than by complexation. Even though an excess of APCAs was available, metal remobilisation was not complete when the experiments were forced to terminate. During the 14 days of the experiment, only one quarter of the metals liberated from the sediment by HNO3 and 30 % H2O2 digestion were remobilised by the APCAs. Therefore an excess of free APCAs remains in solution. Fine sediments from Alexandra Canal, Captains Flat and Jenolan Caves were employed in the oxic agitation experiments using excess APCAs in solution. These experiments resulted in the following major conclusion: when producing an APCA remobilisation signature for trace and ultratrace metals, the geochemistry of the site is of secondary importance to the source of the contaminating metals. This is a feature of the trace and ultratrace metal speciation in the source rather than their concentration in it. From the different levels of calcium present in the three areas it was found that calcium is unlikely to form stable 1:1 APCA complexes at the pH values employed and is unlikely to compete with the heavy metal remobilisation by APCAs. Total sediments from Alexandra Canal and 100 ppm APCA solutions were employed for the column leaching experiments. From mass, pore water volumes and flow measurements it was shown that the ten mini cores taken from the same site were not true replicates. Despite this, when the sediments have settled and the pore waters removed from the cores, the levels of metal being leached stabilise and may represent a clearer picture of the in situ metal leaching from sediment with time. The levels of metal leached from the cores in 14 days suggest that during this period the cores are essentially anoxic, with the oxygen supplied from the oxic leaching solutions used for inorganic and microbial processes in the sediments. Agitation experiments appeared to yield an adequate picture of what would happen if free APCA solution came in contact with fine sediments suspended in the water column. Column leaching experiments employing total sediment were found to be only of limited value in assessing heavy metal remobilisation from undisturbed sediment. These experiments do not give a reliable assessment of the bioavailability of heavy metals and further testing of the acute and chronic toxicity of the sediments is recommended. APCA solutions that have been used in sediment and soil washing under conditions related to those used in the present study may contain an excess of the free APCAs as well as APCA heavy metal complexes and hence may be toxic to biota.

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7

Blanco, Élodie. "Catalyseurs phosphates pour la déshydratation de l’acide lactique en acide acrylique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10222/document.

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Différents phosphates ont été préparés et testés pour la déshydratation de l'acide lactique en phase gaz. La sélectivité en acide acrylique dépend fortement de la température de réaction mais peu du temps de contact. A 380°C, des valeurs de sélectivité allant de 19 à 50% ont été mesurées pour des phosphates alcalino-terreux qui sont stables sur au moins 24 h. Des mesures d'acido-basicité ont montré que ces phosphates contiennent une forte proportion de sites de même force faible. De plus, une corrélation entre la sélectivité en acide acrylique et le ratio molaire acide/base a été établie : elle atteint 50% pour un rapport proche de 1 et diminue lorsque ce ratio augmente. L'acide lactique étant thermiquement peu stable (fonction acide très réactive), nous nous sommes tournés vers la conversion du lactate d'éthyle pur. Les sélectivités en produits de déshydratation sont largement favorisées avec une sélectivité maximale de 87% à 15% de conversion. Cependant, les catalyseurs sont moins actifs et se désactivent fortement sur 24 h. La désactivation peut être inhibée par ajout d'eau dans la phase gaz. La caractérisation de surface a montré que les vitesses de réaction augmentent avec le rapport P/M et a révélé la présence d'une phase amorphe hydroxylée correspondant à des mono, dihydrogénophosphates ou des polyphosphates. Les groupements P-OH présents dans cette phase sont consommés ou modifiés en condition de réaction pour les deux réactifs suggérant qu'ils constituent des sites actifs. Enfin, le suivi DRIFT des TPD-NH3 a permis de proposer que des paires acide-base (M2+ et P-O-) sont dosées dans ce cas. Elles constitueraient le site d'adsorption de l'acide lactique conduisant ensuite à un mécanisme de déshydratation de type E2
Various alkaline-earth phosphates were prepared and evaluated for gas phase dehydration of lactic acid. Selectivity to acrylic acid strongly depends on the reaction temperature but not on the contact time. At 380 °C, values ranging from 19 to 49% were measured for alkaline–earth phosphates catalysts that are stable for at least 24 h. Acid–base properties measurements revealed that such phosphates contain high proportion of acidic and basic sites with same weak strength. Furthermore, correlation between selectivity to acrylic acid and the acid–base balance was clearly established: it was 50% for balance close to 1 and decreased increasing this parameter. Because of poor thermal stability of lactic acid, we then focused on the ethyl lactate conversion. Selectivities in dehydration products were much higher with a maxima of 87% at 15% conversion. However, the catalysts were less active and stable. The deactivation can be inhibited adding water in the gas phase. Surface characterization of catalysts showed that catalytic activities are correlated with the P/M ratio and revealed the presence of an hydroxylated amorphous phase corresponding to mono / dihydrogenophosphates or polyphosphates. The P-OH species present in these phases are consumed or modified for both reactants suggesting that they are active sites. Finally, NH3-TPD measurements followed by DRIFT suggested that acid base pairs (M2+ and P-O-) are then probed. Such pairs would constitute the adsorption site of lactic acid which then dehydrate in acrylic acid by an E2 mechanism

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8

Levy, Milne Ryna. "Differential metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56664.pdf.

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Chesters, Nicola C. J. E. "Biosynthetic studies on tropic acid and piliformic acid." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5211/.

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This thesis is divided into two parts and covers biosynthetic studies on two secondary metabolites, tropic acid in Part I and piliformic acid, in Part II.(S)-Tropic acid is the acid moiety of the alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which are produced by a number of plants of the Solanacae family. An intriguing rearrangement of the L-phenylalanine side chain gives rise to the isopropanoid (S)-tropic acid skeleton. The detailed nature of the rearrangement has however remained elusive despite continued interest over the years. In chapter two the identification of intermediates between L-phenylalanine and (S)-tropic acid is discussed, which has placed (R)-D-phenyllactic acid as an immediate precursor. The stereochemical features of the rearrangement are described in chapter 3 and finally in chapter 4 a mechanism for the rearrangement is proposed. This is based on information obtained from the incorporation of various isotopically labelled precursors to tropic acid into two of the minor alkaloids, 3a-2'-hydroxyacetoxytropane and 3a- phenylacetoxytropane. This work was carried out in collaboration with Dr Richard Robins at the AFRC Institute of Food Research in Norwich. Piliformic acid is elaborated by the slow growing fungus Poronia piliformis. The incorporation of a number of isotopically labelled substrates into piliformic acid has revealed a mixed biosynthetic origin, comprising C(_8) and C(_3) fragments. These have been shown to be of acetogenic and citric acid cycle origins respectively. The C(_8) fragment has been further demonstrated to be a degradation product of a longer chain fatty acid. The mode of coupling of the two fragments has been investigated and suggests the intermediacy of a novel a-carboxyoctanoate. A pathway for the assembly of piliformic acid, involving a 1,3-hydrogen shift, is proposed, consistent with the above findings. These results are the subject of chapter 6.

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10

Wuenschel, Jeffrey Carl Jr. "Effects of Feeding Supplemental Eicosapentanoic Acid and Docosahexanoic Acid to Beef Females on Reproductive Responses and Free Fatty Acids." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34958.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of eicosapentanoic (EPA) and docosahexanoic acids (DHA) on reproduction in beef females. In experiment 1, cows (n = 31) were individually fed rumen protected fish meal (FM) or no fish meal (C) supplements. Estrus was synchronized and ovulation induced on d 37. Ovarian follicular growth and diameter were determined by ultrasound on d 35 and d 37. Serum progesterone (P4) profiles were analyzed on d 37 through d 52. On d 52 cows were cannulated, primed with estradiol-17β at -240 min, and stimulated to release PGF2α by oxytocin injection at 0 min with blood sampled every 15 min from -30 min to 240 min. Supplement type did not affect (P > 0.05) follicular diameter, follicular growth or P4 concentrations. In cows fed FM, prostaglandin metabolite (PGFM) concentrations tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be reduced at 0, 30, and 60 min. In experiment 2, crossbred heifers (n = 214) received FM or C concentrates with corn silage from 30 d before estrous synchronization until 14 d after artificial insemination (AI). Serum fatty acid profiles were determined in five heifers from each group . Estrus detection and AI were conducted from d 37 through d 39. Dietary treatment increased (P < 0.05) EPA and DHA concentrations. Dietary treatment did not affect estrus response or AI conception rates and pregnancy rate. Supplementation of FM increased EPA and DHA concentrations but did not affect reproductive factors.
Master of Science

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Books on the topic "Acid"

1

Howells, Gwyneth. Acid rain and acid waters. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1990.

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Acid rain and acid waters. New York: E. Horwood, 1990.

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Acid rain and acid waters. 2nd ed. New York: E. Horwood, 1995.

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Howells, Gwyneth Parry. Acid rain and acid waters. Chichester: Horwood, 1988.

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Acid soil and acid rain. 2nd ed. Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press, 1992.

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Falco, Edward. Acid. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 1995.

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Pass, Emma. ACID. London: Corgi Children's, 2013.

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8

N, Poinar Hendrik, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Amino acid racemization and the preservation of ancient DNA. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Amino acid metabolism. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley, 1985.

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Nucleic acid hybridization: Essential data. Chichester: Wiley, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Acid"

1

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "acid..., Acid..., auch: Azid..." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_102.

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Malowan, J. E., and R. N. Bell. "Pyrophosphoric Acid (Diphosphoric Acid)." In Inorganic Syntheses, 96–98. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132340.ch23.

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Arndt, T. "Acid." In Springer Reference Medizin, 17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_84.

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Arndt, T. "Acid." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_84-1.

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5

Arndt, T. "Acid." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_84-2.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Acid." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 871. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13037.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Acid." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_145.

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Das, Debabrata, and Soumya Pandit. "Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, and Acetic Acid Production." In Industrial Biotechnology, 229–54. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367822415-10.

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Lipfert, Frederick W. "Acid Aerosols." In Acid Deposition, 13–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76473-8_2.

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Kruk, Zygmunt L., and Christopher J. Pycock. "Excitatory amino acids: L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid." In Neurotransmitters and Drugs, 159–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3132-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Acid"

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Sato, Noriko, Izumi Yumura, and Kimio Furuhata. "STUDIES ON SIALIC ACID: SYNTHESIS OF SIALIC ACID DIMER (SIALIC ACID-DEOXYSALIC ACID)." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.553.

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Fiorentino, Nicola, Sergio Greco, Cristian Molinaro, and Irina Trubitsyna. "ACID." In SIGMOD/PODS '18: International Conference on Management of Data. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3183713.3193557.

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Mahmud, Tarek, Meiru Che, and Guowei Yang. "ACID." In ICSE '22: 44th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3510454.3516854.

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Burgos, Gerardo, George Birch, and Marten Buijse. "Acid Fracturing With Encapsulated Citric Acid." In SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/86484-ms.

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Liu, He, Danfeng Xiao, Keming Fan, Lifeng Jin, and Shilin Zhang. "Successful Acid Stimulation in Acid-sensitive Reservoirs." In Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/121014-ms.

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AlDahlan, Mohammed N., Marwa A. Obied, Khalid M. Marshad, Faisal M. Sahman, Ibrahim S. Yami, and Abdullah M. Alhajri. "Evaluation of Synthetic Acid for Wells Stimulation in Carbonate Formations." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172945-ms.

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Abstract Acid treatments of carbonate formations are usually carried out using mineral acid (HCl), organic acids (formic and acetic), mixed acids (HCl-formic, HCl-acetic), or retarded acids. The major challenges when using these acids are their high corrosivity, fast reaction rate and health hazard. The improvement in corrosion inhibitors makes the use of a strong acid as high as 28 wt% HCl possible. The acid reaction rate can be controlled by increasing acid viscosity using gelling agent or emulsifying acid droplets, acid-in-diesel emulsion. While the issues of stimulation acids reaction and corrosion rates are relatively controlled, these acids health hazard rating of 3 by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a major concern. A health hazard rating of three is defined as an extreme danger where short exposure could cause serious injury. An acid replacement chemical that has no or minimum health hazard rating while still has the ability to dissolve carbonate rock would be a major forward step in stimulation technology. This paper presents the results of the study conducted on a synthetic stimulation acid (Syn-A) chemical, with health hazard rating of one and dissolving power similar to 15 wt% hydrochloric acid (HCl). An extensive experimental scheme including: thermal stability, dissolving power, acidity, compatibility, corrosion rate & inhibition and coreflooding on carbonate formation core plugs was conducted. The Syn-A was found to be thermally stable with similar dissolving power to 15 wt% HCl and lower corrosion rate. In addition, the Syn-A developed a breakthrough on core plugs with an average pore volume (PV) of 2.7 and approximately 3 folds increase in permeability.

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Abdulloh, Abdulloh, Nanik Siti Aminah, Triyono, Mudasir, and Wega Trisunaryanti. "Preparation and characterization Al3+-bentonite Turen Malang for esterification fatty acid (palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid)." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES (ICOWOBAS 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943331.

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Aljuryyed, Norah, Abdullah Al Moajil, Saeed Alghamdi, and Sajjad AlDarweesh. "Evaluation of High Dissolving-Power Retarded Acid Recipes for Carbonate Acidizing." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205542-ms.

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Abstract Development of retarded acid recipes that can have both adequate dissolving power and controllable reaction rate is desired to maximize the effectiveness of matrix stimulation treatments for oil and gas wells. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has high dissolving power, however, the reaction rate with carbonate rock is uncontrollable and can cause face dissolution. Organic acids have low dissolving power and controllable reaction rate. The objective of this paper was to compare the effectiveness of three low viscosity retarded acid recipes with dissolving powers of 15 wt% and >20 wt% HCl equivalent. The examined acid recipes were 15/28 wt% emulsified acids, retarded acid recipes #1, #2 and #3, and 15/26 wt% HCl. The emulsified acids were at 30:70 ratio of diesel to acid. The retarded acid recipes were prepared at different dissolving power. Retarded acid recipe #3 was equivalent to 15 wt% HCl while retarded acid recipes #1 and #2 were equivalent to >20 wt% HCl. The calcite disc dissolution rate with retarded acids #1 and #2 was significantly lower than 26 wt% HCl and comparable to 15 wt% HCl at 75°F. The solubility of calcite discs in the retarded acid recipe #3 showed acid retardation higher than retarded acid recipes #1 and #2. The corrosion rate of retarded acid recipes #1 and #2 were 0.003-0.015 lb/ft2 at 250°F and 6 hrs, lower than both examined 26-28 wt% HCl and emulsified acids. The pitting indices of retarded acid recipes #1, #2, and #3 were 4, 2, and 1 respectively at 300°F. The pore volumes to breakthrough (PVBT) of retarded acid recipes #1 and #2 were slightly higher than retarded acid recipes #3 at 200°F. The PVBT values for 15 wt% and 28 wt% emulsified acid was comparable to retarded acid recipes #1, #2, and #3, confirming their retardation was effective.

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Alhamad, Luai, Basil Alfakher, Abdullah Alrustum, and Sajjad Aldarweesh. "Experimental Results to Design Lactic Acid for Carbonate Acidizing." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207273-ms.

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Abstract Acidizing deep carbonate formations by Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a complex task due to high reaction and corrosion rates. Mixing organic acids with HCl is a typical method to reduce the acid's reactivity and corrosivity. Lactic acid has not been investigated completely in the area of carbonate acidizing. Lactic acid has a dissociation constant similar to formic acid, which is approximately 10 times larger than acetic acid. Therefore, the objective of this work is to compare lactic/HCl blends with plain HCl and formic/HCl blends. Corrosion tests were conducted at high temperature on C-95 steel coupons to investigate associated corrosion damage. Coreflood tests were performed on Indiana limestone cores to mimic matrix acidizing treatment and to investigate amount of pore volumes required to breakthrough. All blends were prepared to be equivalent to 15 wt% (4.4 M) HCl for comparison. Lactic and formic acid concentrations were set to be (0.5 or 1 M), and HCl concentration was calculated as appropriate to reach a blend with strength of 4.4 M. In terms of corrosivity evaluation, blends of lactic and HCl acids showed a corrosion rate of up to 1.97 lb/ft2 at 300°F. The formic and HCl blend showed a corrosion rate of 1.68 lb/ft2 at the same temperature. The difference in corrosion rates between the two mixtures is due to molecular weight difference between lactic and formic acids. When both acids were prepared at 1 M, lactic acid blend required more HCl to be equivalent to 15 wt% HCl acid which was associated with an increase in corrosion rate. Coreflood results established acid efficiency curves for lactic/HCl acid blends. The curves highlighted the correlation between acid-core reactivity, injection rate, and dissolution pattern. Lactic/HCl blend was less reactive than formic/HCl mixture as the last required lower injection rate to obtain optimum pore volume to breakthrough at 300°F. Lactic/HCl blend was able to generate an optimum dissolution pattern as a dominant wormhole was shown on tested core plugs inlet face. This study expands the investigation of lactic acid utilization in carbonate acidizing. Major advantages rendered by using lactic acid with HCl include: (1) favorable dissolution pattern due to lactic acid being less reactive than HCl or formic acids, and (2) less corrosion rates comparing to HCl, that can reduce allocated costs for maintenance and replacements.

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Alkhaldi, M. H., H. A. Nasr-El-Din, and H. K. Sarma. "Application of Citric Acid in Acid Stimulation Treatments." In Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Petroleum Society of Canada, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/2009-015.

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Reports on the topic "Acid"

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Okae, I., A. Seya, and M. Umemoto. Acid distribution in phosphoric acid fuel cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460205.

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Eibling, R. E. Nitric acid-formic acid compatibility in DWPF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6678690.

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Eibling, R. E. Nitric acid-formic acid compatibility in DWPF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10125662.

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Rudisill, T. S. Thermal Stability of Acetohydroxamic Acid/Nitric Acid Solutions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799683.

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Wilmarth, W. R., C. L. Crawford, and R. A. Peterson. Copper-Catalyzed Decomposition at Diphenylborinic Acid and Phenylboronic Acid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/651622.

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Turner, R. S. (Acid rain workshop). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6179146.

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Gardner, R. (Acid rain research). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5474970.

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Karraker, D. G. Relative Reaction Rates of Sulfamic Acid and Hydroxylamine with Nitric Acid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781035.

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PANESKO JV and MERRITT HD. HYDROFLUORIC ACID SCRUBBER SYSTEMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1016165.

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Jensen, James, and Kevin Van Dee. Altered Fatty Acid Soybeans. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-273.

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