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Published: 26 July 2024
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1

Fiser, Timothy Paul. "Impact of Teacher Feedback on the Development of State Issued Scoring Guides for Science Inquiry and Engineering Design Performance Assessments." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/991.

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In 2010, Oregon Department of Education (ODE) developed a set of rubrics designed to score a state required performance assessment targeting Science Inquiry (SI) and Engineering Design (ED) skills. During the development of the rubrics, ODE invited six panels of teachers to provide feedback on an early draft of the rubrics. This case study analyzed the teachers' feedback and the revisions of the rubrics to identify the types of feedback teachers offered and how ODE used that feedback to develop the rubrics. The results showed the teachers' feedback focused on defining the skills students were asked to demonstrate and distinguishing levels of student performance. There was clear evidence that the teachers' feedback had a substantial impact on the development of the rubrics. These results suggest that teachers can add substantial value during the development of a state issued assessment tool.
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2

Lai, Chan-pong. "Item bias in the 2nd IEA mathematics study." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626445.

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3

Amos, Zachary Scott. "The relationship of readability on the science achievement test a study of 5th grade achievement performance /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1237770679.

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4

Hurley, Noel P. "Resource allocation and student achievement: A microlevel impact study of differential resource inputs on student achievement outcomes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9724.

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This study examined the relationships between resource allocation and student achievement using a modified version of a conceptual model designed by Bulcock (1989) within a general model proposed by Guthrie (1988). Five research questions were developed from a review of literature to investigate the relationship between microlevel student input variables and student output variables--both cognitive and affective. The mediating effects of the student perceptions of the quality of school life on student achievement outcomes were also examined. Multiple regression analyses were utilized and data were analyzed at both the individual and school levels. Models were used to investigate the indirect effects of the quality of school life on student achievement outcomes. Substantively meaningful relationships were identified between linguistic resources, language usage and reading outcomes; socioeconomic level, gender, linguistic resources, language usage, and mathematics achievement; gender, student attitudes, and student well-being. All grade eight Newfoundland students (10,146) were the subjects of the study. Participants in the study completed the Canadian Test of Basic Skills (CTBS) and the Bulcock Attitudinal Inventory (BAI). Females scored higher than males on every test of the CTBS and also had more favourable attitudes towards school as measured using the BAI. Urban students outperformed rural students by the equivalent of nearly one year on the CTBS scores. A variable was constructed to test Bernstein's (1961) theory of language discontinuity. Bernstein contended that the further an individual's language code departed from the standard language code in use in that society, the greater the difficulty that person would have in learning. The language code variable was constructed using the language usage score from the CTBS to create a continuous variable. This language code variable proved to be highly explanatory in that it explained a large percentage of the variance in reading achievement outcomes and in mathematics achievement outcomes. The measure for students' perceptions toward their schooling experiences explained a large percentage of the variance of student well-being. Two other noteworthy findings in the present study arose from relationships identified between mathematics achievement and independent variables. A strong relationship was identified between mathematics achievement and socioeconomic level. In general, the higher one's socioeconomic level the greater were the outcome measures in mathematics achievement. Indirect effects analyses produced a significant relationship between gender and mathematics achievement that favoured girls. The construction of the educational production function in the present study proved to be an accurate model. The present study contributed to research in several ways. This is one of the first studies that has employed Quality of School Life indicators as developed in the BAI in an educational production function model. A second contribution was the inclusion of microlevel student linguistic resources as predictors of cognitive achievement outcomes. The third contribution of the present study was the high percentage of variance of cognitive achievement outcomes explained by the modified Bulcock model.
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5

Hinkley, John W., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Psychology. "School achievement motivation among Navajo High School students : a study of school achievement goals, achievement values, and ability beliefs." THESIS_CAESS_PSY_Hinkley_J.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/365.

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Navajo school students, it is believed, underachieve at school in terms of school attendance, dropout rates, and standardized performance tests. Among the many reasons proposed to explain the persistent school underachievement is that school culture is largely based on individualism, interpersonal competition, and other Western norms and values. These, it is argued, are an anathema to Native Americans. Hence, school culture may predispose many Navajo High School students to failure. To test this belief I constructed a model of school achievement motivation drawn from Western conceptualizations of achievement motivation described Navajo High School students achievement motivation. Using confirmatory factor analyses tests of equivalency were conducted that contrasted non-traditional Navajo students and females with near traditional Navajo students and males. Using structural equation modeling, I examined the relations of the language, location, and gender variables on the achievement goal factors, mediated by school measures of achievement, ability beliefs, social goals and achievement goals. I concluded that non-traditional and near traditional Navajo students are more similar than dissimilar. Clearly this raises concerns regarding the making of policy based on assumptions regarding presumed differences between non-traditional and near traditional Navajo High School students. I also concluded that, school achievement measures, the ability beliefs, and the social approval and social concern goals are important factors that influence the school achievement goals Navajo students emphasize. This has implications for the manner in which schools and teachers emphasize these factors in classrooms.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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6

Phillips, Jori K. "The Study of the Impact of Professional Learning Communities and Student Achievement." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621758.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if a difference existed between student learning, using the Missouri Assessment Program (MAP), and Professional Learning Community (PLC) implementation within fifth-grade populations in the state of Missouri. The following research questions were utilized to drive the research: What is the difference in MAP communication arts scores for fifth-grade students in Missouri districts that have adopted the Missouri PLC model as compared to those that have not adopted the Missouri PLC model? What is the difference in MAP math scores for fifth-grade students in Missouri districts that have adopted the Missouri PLC model as compared to those that have not adopted the Missouri PLC model? What are the perceptions of administrators of Missouri PLC districts regarding the Missouri PLC program and student achievement? Three years of math and communication arts data were analyzed in this study. Yearly mean scores were compared by applying a t-test to determine if a statistical significance existed between PLC implementation and student learning. Missouri PLC exemplary schools' data were analyzed and compared to data of like-demographic, non-PLC implementing schools. The data revealed, in the area of communication arts, no statistical significant difference in student achievement between PLC exemplary schools and non-PLC schools. These findings led to the decision to not reject the null hypothesis and not support the alternative hypothesis. A statistical significant difference was found in the area of math, and an overall conclusion was drawn that supported the alternate hypothesis and rejected the null hypothesis. In addition, interviews were conducted with Missouri PLC exemplary school administrators to gain perspectives into the daily successful workings and effect of the Missouri PLC model on student achievement. Administrators from the PLC exemplary schools attributed gains in student achievement to PLC implementation.

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7

DiAntonio, Stephanie L. "A study of the predictive validity of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test and the New Jersey Assessment of Skills and Knowledge at the 4th, 5th and 6th grade levels /." Full text available online, 2008. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.

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8

Cushing, Katherine Susan. "The effect of formal instruction in test taking skills using the Riverside "Improving Test Taking Skills" materials on standardized achievement test scores of students in fourth and fifth grade." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184472.

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Researchers have suggested that knowledge of how to take a test decreases the validity of achievement test scores as measures of content knowledge. Further, teaching students test taking skills generally improves student achievement test scores. However, little research exists regarding the efficacy of commercially prepared materials for formal test-wiseness instruction. Fourth and fifth grade students in 15 elementary schools participated in this study. Students in the Volunteer Selected group received instruction in test taking skills using the Riverside Improving Test Taking Skills materials. Students in the Volunteer Not-Selected group received whatever test taking skill instruction their teachers provided as a result of wanting, but not being selected, to participate in the study. Students in the Control group received what was considered "normal" instruction in test taking skills. A gain score ANOVA of NCE scores from standardized testing was used to determine statistical significance on the Composite Battery and the Reading and Mathematics subtests. When reliable differences were indicated effect sizes were calculated. Formal instruction in test taking skills resulted in significant effects for fourth grade students on the Composite battery and the Mathematics subtest. However, average gains for students in the Volunteer Not-Selected group were as great as for students who received instruction using the Riverside materials. Significant effects for the Reading subtest were indicated only for achievement level. Positive effects were indicated for fifth grade students in the Volunteer Not-Selected group on the Composite and Mathematics subtest. At the fourth grade differential effects were indicated for achievement level, sex, and SES, but not for ethnicity. At the fifth grade achievement level, sex, SES, and ethnicity resulted in differential effects for students in all three groups. In summary, test taking skill instruction appeared beneficial to fourth grade students regardless of whether the instruction was delivered using the Riverside materials or using teacher made or teacher collected materials. At the fifth grade data the results were less clear cut. Further research must be conducted before policies can be established and educators can use with confidence, or not use at all, commercially prepared test taking skill instructional materials.
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9

Lai, Chan-pong, and 黎鎮邦. "Item bias in the 2nd IEA mathematics study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626445.

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10

Geraci, Sanford A. "Effective mathematics placement testing strategies a study of mathematics placement test retake policy at a two-year public community college in Florida /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2985.

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Thesis (D.A.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 72. Thesis director: Stephen H. Saperstone. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Arts in Community College Education. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 30, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71). Also issued in print.
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11

Bartley, Ronnie. "The effect of access to test item pools on student achievement and student study habits." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40468.

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This study investigated the effects of access to a test item pool on student achievement and study habits in an Introduction to Microcomputers class at Southwest Virginia Community College. The class was planned, delivered, and evaluated using Vogler's Curriculum-Pedagogy-Assessment (CPA) model. The study was designed as a quasi-experimental study. Three groups were used in the study: two treatment groups and a control group. A test item pool was furnished as study questions for the two treatment groups defined as unlimited access and just-in-time access groups. A control group did not have access to the study questions. The unlimited access group received all questions on computer disk at the beginning of the course. The questions were not grouped by topic but rather were grouped by question type. The just-in-time access group received a group of questions each week that pertained to the topic being studied for the week.
Ed. D.
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12

Rezaei, Abbas Ali. "Test-taking strategies and test performance : a study of the effects of using test-taking strategies on the performance of Iranian students in multiple-choice language tests." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273014.

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13

Powers, Abigail Dormire. "The fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale and the Woodcock-Johnson tests of achievement : a criterion validity study." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/558350.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the validity of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:FE) area and composite scores and Sattler's SB:FE factor scores as predictors of school performance on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement (WJTA).The subjects were 80 Caucasian third grade students enrolled in regular education in a rural and small town school district in northeastern Indiana. The SB:FE and WJTA were administered to all students.Two canonical analyses were conducted to test the overall relationships between sets of SB:FE predictor variables and the set of WJTA criterion variables. Results indicated that the SB:FE area scores and Sattler's SB:FE factor scores were valid predictors of academic achievement at a general level.To clarify the results of the canonical analyses, series of multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results of multiple regression with SB:FE area and composite scores indicated that the best single predictor of all WJTA scores was the SB:FE Test Composite Score. No other SB:FE variable provided a significant contribution to the regression equation for reading, math, and written language achievement over that offered by the Test Composite Score.Multiple regression analyses were also employed with Sattler's SB:FE factor scores and the WJTA scores. The optimal predictor composite for reading included the Verbal Comprehension and Memory factor scores. To predict math, the best predictor composite consisted of the Nonverbal Reasoning/Visualization and Verbal Comprehension factor scores. The optimal predictor composite for written language included the Nonverbal Reasoning/Visualization and Memory factor scores.Results of the regression analyses indicated that, without exception, the predictor composites composed of the SB:FE area and composite scores were superior in their prediction of school performance to the predictor composites developed from Sattler's SB:FE factor scores.The regression equation containing the SB:FE Test Composite Score alone was determined to be the preferred approach for predicting WJTA scores. Use of the Test Composite Score sacrifices only a minimal degree of accuracy in the prediction of achievement and requires no additional effort to compute.
Department of Educational Psychology
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14

Dickson, Teresa K. "Assessing the Effect of Inquiry-Based Professional Development on Science Achievement Tests Scores." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3348/.

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This study analyzed student test scores to determine if teacher participation in an inquiry-based professional development was able to make a statistically significant difference in student achievement levels. Test scores for objectives that assessed the critical thinking skills and problem-solving strategies modeled in a science inquiry institute were studied. Inquiry-based experiences are the cornerstones for meeting the science standards for scientific literacy. State mandated assessment tests measure the levels of student achievement and are reported as meeting minimum expectations or showing mastery for specific learning objectives. Students test scores from the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills Test (TAAS) for 8th grade science and the Biology End Of Course (EOC) exams were analyzed using ANCOVA, Chi Square, and Logistic Regression, with the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) 7th Grade Science Subtest as covariate. It was hypothesized that the students of Inquiry Institute teachers would have higher scale scores and better rates of mastery on the critical thinking objectives than the students of non-Institute teachers. It was also hypothesized that it would be possible to predict student mastery on the objectives that assessed critical thinking and problem solving based on Institute participation. This quasi-experimental study did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The effects of inquiry-based professional development may not be determined by analyzing the results of the standardized tests currently being used in Texas. Inquiry training may make a difference, but because of factors such as the ceiling effect, insufficient time to implement the program, and test items that are intended to but do not address critical thinking skills, the TAAS and EOC tests may not accurately assess effects of the Inquiry Institute. The results of this study did indicate the best predictor of student mastery for the 8th grade science TAAS and Biology EOC may possibly be prior knowledge acquired in elementary school and as demonstrated on the 7th grade ITBS science subtest.
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15

Foreman, John Earl. "A descriptive study of the effects teacher turnover may have on standardized achievement test scores in America's Christian schools." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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16

Bartlett, John C. "Principal leadership practices : a correlation study of specific instructional leadership practices and student achievement in the Tennessee Gateway Tests." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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17

Wong, Chung-shun, and 黃忠信. "Using a cognitive approach to assess achievement in secondary school mathematics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574274.

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18

Kabba, Momodu Ahmed. "A descriptive study of Sierra Leonean college and university students' perception of factors that affect performance on the General Certificate of Education Ordinary (GCE O)-Level Examination /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1996.

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19

Culver, Tiffany Fawn. "AN INVESTIGATION OF STUDY GUIDES AND QUIZZES TO IMPROVE COLLEGE STUDENTS' READING COMPLIANCE, COMPREHENSION, AND METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07102008-113351/.

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This study was designed to investigate practical and effective methods of increasing reading compliance, reading comprehension, and metacognitive reading strategies in the college classroom. Participants were recruited from Delta State University, a small university located in Cleveland, MS. There were 148 students who completed the study. 50% of these participants were Caucasian and 42% were African American. The average age of the participant was 20.0 years of age. Students were primarily freshman and sophomore undergraduate students taking a Psychology course. The following instruments were used during the course of this study: The Nelson Denny Reading Test, The College Textbook Questionnaire, The Survey of Reading Compliance (pretest and posttest), two teacher-made comprehension tests, and the Metacognitive Reading Strategies Questionnaire (pretest and posttest). The independent variables in this study were the threat of the Monte Carlo quiz and the availability of the Readers Guide. Dependent variables included the scores from the Survey of Reading Compliance (pretest and posttest), scores from the comprehension (pretest and posttest), and scores from the Metacognitive Reading Strategies (pretest and posttest). Results from this study suggested that the majority of college undergraduates reported reading their course textbook 2 hours or less per week. According to the results from the Nelson Denny Reading Test, undergraduates scored relatively high on comprehension. However, performance on the teacher-made comprehension tests based on textbook material was very low. The Metacognitive Reading Strategies Questionnaire suggested that undergraduates are utilizing some basic metacognitive reading strategies, but do not use more sophisticated strategies. The threat of the Monte Carlo quiz had no statistically significant effect on reading compliance, comprehension, or metacognitive reading strategies. The Readers Guide did not have a statistically significant effect on reading compliance or comprehension. However, students exposed to the Readers Guide experienced a statistically significant increase in the use of metacognitive strategies.
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20

Farnsworth, Timothy Lloyd. "The construct of academic English in tests of academic achievement and its effect on student performance a confirmatory factor analytic study /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1579966941&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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21

Meng, Huijuan Vispoel Walter P. Lee Won-Chan. "A comparison study of IRT calibration methods for mixed-format tests in vertical scaling." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/338.

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22

Taylor-Wood, Andrea Lee. "A case study : enhancing a learning organization with the construction of predictive models between local and state achievement assessments /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115594.

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23

Brown, Laureen Kay. "Out-of-level testing for special education students participating in large-scale achievement testing: A validity study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280401.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of out-of-level (OOL) testing for students with mild cognitive disabilities participating in large-scale accountability assessments. Federal law now requires maximum participation of students with disabilities in these assessments, and OOL testing is one method used to accomplish this mandate. However, the prevalence, reliability, and validity of this practice have not been established. This study involved the analysis of second through eighth grade students' OOL and grade-level (GL) Stanford 9 reading and math subtest data. Raw data was collected by the district studied, as part of an annual state-mandated testing program. Participation rates and methods of participation for students with Specific Learning Disability (SLD) and Mild Mental Retardation (MIMR) were examined over a five-year period. Results indicated that an over 700% increase in the numbers of MIMR and SLD students participating in Stanford 9 testing occurred from 1998 to 2002. The use of OOL tests also increased substantially during that period. With regard to reliability, results indicated that KR-20 coefficients were comparable across regular education GL and Special Education OOL test groups. In addition, comparable percentages of students in GL and OOL groups scored within the test's reliable range. Special Education students were not given tests that were too easy as a result of OOL testing options. Validity evaluation included comparisons of modified caution indices (MCI) and point-biserial correlations for matched GL and OOL groups, as well as differential item functioning (DIF) analyses. MCI and point-biserial analyses provided no evidence of differential validity for GL and OOL groups. Although DIF analyses identified more items as functioning differently across groups (GL vs. OOL) than would be expected by chance, no systematic patterns of bias resulting from the OOL test administration condition were identified. OOL testing was determined to be an appropriate method of achievement testing for students with SLD. True differences between OOL and GL groups, as well as differences in test administration other than the OOL versus GL condition are discussed. Recommendations regarding OOL testing policy, stakeholder education, test development and reporting practices, and future research are included.
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Ney, Richard J. "A study of doubling class time for low achieving High School English and Math students and the impact on state tests required under NCLB." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2010. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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25

Williams, Arthur S. "An analysis of achievement tests for selected Virginia high school business computer applications students." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170601/.

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26

Barger, Brett. "A Quantitative Study of Educational Poverty, School Location, and Student Achievement Measured by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668688.

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The performance of the United States' students on international tests remains an ongoing source of concern, division, and anxiety for government, educational, and business leaders, teachers (and their unions), as well as the general public. These selfsame test results have been used as evidence to support diametrically opposed political and educational strategy and policy for decades. All too often the performance of students is discussed with a single test score number that is used to represent the entirety of the education system's students without accounting for geographical, demographic, or socioeconomic differences among the student test takers. The contributing factors of the national level performance are often summed up simplistically as resulting from underfunded school systems or under qualified teachers. These generalized assessments and underlying national angst are also often based on the mistaken perception that the United States once led the world in international testing and that the declining performance is a grave indicator of the nation's economic and social future.

Researchers have begun to produce studies showing a far more nuanced interpretation of national level scores that point to much different contributing factors; in particular, poverty. Somewhat unexpectedly for the world's largest economy, the United States' poverty level is nearly the highest of all nations taking standardized international tests. These studies show that when international test results are controlled for certain socioeconomic factors that the United States scores are at, or very near, the top of the international tables. This study supported the body of evidence that poverty is the greatest hindrance to the academic achievement of the nation's students and sought to better understand the unique contributors to achievement of the nation's poor on the mathematics portion of the Program for International Student Assessment test depending upon the socioeconomic composition and geographical location of a student's school.

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Shaakumeni, Simson Ndadaleka. "An exploration of natural science teachers' experiences and perceptions of the National Standardised Achievement Tests : a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001670.

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The primary purpose of this study was to capture Natural Science teachers’ perceptions of the national standardised achievement tests (SATs), with a view to illuminating whether or not they were able to interpret and use the SATs reports to inform their practice and for improvement purposes as envisaged in the standardised tests’ objectives. It further sought to investigate how the grade 7 Natural Science teachers were teaching the subject matter, with a view to understanding the performance of learners as illustrated in the 2010 SATs results. The study mainly used qualitative methods such as observations, interviews and document analysis. These were complemented by quantitative methods through the use of the questionnaires, which were used to capture the general perceptions and experiences of Natural Science teachers. Thirty-five questionnaires were sent out and ten responses were received. Quantitative data from the questionnaires were analysed by tabulation to ascertain the frequencies of responses regarding teachers’ perceptions and experiences of SATs, as indicated in different scales per indicator. Furthermore, data generated through video-taped lessons, analysis of learners’ written notes, interviews and open-ended questions from the questionnaires were inductively analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that teachers had positive perceptions towards the ideals of SATs. However, their use of the SATs reports in their teaching was inconclusive. The study also revealed that there were no policy imperatives on SATs, in particular, to guide their use in schools. It was also found that teachers were not teaching the syllabus competencies fully and their Natural Science content knowledge was inadequate. The principal recommendation is that teachers need to acquaint themselves sufficiently with the SATs reports to enable them to use the reports for their intended purposes. Furthermore, teachers need to engage in continuous professional development programmes to improve their Natural Science content knowledge, especially with regard to making information in the textbooks accessible to learners in terms of addressing competencies in the syllabus. Finally, there is a need for policy intervention from the Ministry of Education in Namibia so that the existing tensions between policy formulation and implementation are addressed.
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Axon, Jonie Leigh. "The Relationship of Teacher Attitudes and Self-Efficacy to Student Achievement| A Case Study." Thesis, Piedmont College, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557877.

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The dramatic shift of the demographics of the United States over the past thirty years is more pronounced in public schools than anywhere else in the country (Phuntsog, 1999). As the demographics of students grew, so did the disparity of achievement between diverse and White students. The achievement gap is one of the biggest problems within education (Dee, 2005). Due to the increasing achievement gap and growing diversity, teachers and schools are forced with the challenge of making instruction culturally relevant and responsive for all students (Brown, 2009).

The purpose of this research was to conduct a mixed method, naturalistic inquiry that examined teachers’ abilities to work with diverse populations and educate all students in a rural high school in Northeast Georgia. The relationship between the participating teachers’ level of multicultural training and teacher self-efficacy was compared, as was their impact on student achievement on the End of Course Tests.

The quantitative aspect of the study, conducted using surveys and archival test data, found a correlation between teachers’ levels of multicultural awareness and self-efficacy, but failed to find a correlation between self-efficacy and student achievement on the EOCT. The qualitative portion, conducted using interviews and an open-ended survey question, discovered the participating school was emerging in readiness to deal with diverse students.

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Staub, Michael J. "A study of the content validity of the Stanford Achievement Test in relation to the Christian school curriculum." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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30

Houser, Timothy Scott. "Resource guide for the 2002 General Education Development Exam." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2158.

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31

Silve, McLachlan Richard, and Emma Lindström. "A comparative study of how the English A syllabus is interpreted in achievement tests focusing on writing ability." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30827.

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Studien är en jämförelsestudie av hur kursplanen för Engelska A tolkas i prestationsprov som fokuserar på skriftlig förmåga. Proven var hämtade från yrkesförberedande- och teoretiska program på gymnasiet. Jämförelsen mättes med en innehållsvaliditetsskala producerad med material från Brown (1983), Brown och Hudson (2002) och EN1201 - English A (2000) och analysen utfördes av två bedömare. Analysen visade ett flertal indexmedelvärden som skiljde sig åt mellan de två grupperna: yrkesförberedande och teoretiska. Proven tillhörande teoretiska program fick generellt ett högre indexmedelvärde än proven tillhörande yrkesförberedande program. Dock förekom det en skillnad mellan de två bedömarnas rankningar på de flesta frågorna i validitetsskalan, och några frågors medelvärden opponerade emot indexmedelvärdena, d.v.s. en av bedömarna rankade de yrkesförberedande programmens prov högre vid mer än ett tillfälle. Genom analysen upptäcktes två olika tillvägagångssätt av testning, där ett var av en mer preskriptiv natur och hade en anknytning till de yrkesförberedande programmen medan det andra tillvägagångssättet som var knytet till de teoretiska programmen var av en mer deskriptiv natur. Graden av innehållsvaliditet för respektive grupp (yrkesförberedande och teoretisk) uppvisar, enligt validitetsskalan i studiens analys, att proven tillhörande teoretiska program demonstrerar en högre grad av innehållsvaliditet (högre medelvärden) än de yrkesförberedande. Detta resultat tyder på en tolkningsskillnad av kursplanen mellan de två programmen vid konstruerandet av prestationsprov. Skillnaden mellan testen som upptäcktes kan bero på den vaga kursplanen.
This thesis sets out to do a comparative study of how the English A syllabus is interpreted in achievement tests focusing on writing ability. The tests were collected from vocational and theoretical programs at upper secondary schools. The measurement instrument employed in this study was a content validity scale produced with material originating from Brown (1983), Brown and Hudson (2002) and EN1201 - English A (2000) and was utilized by two judges in order to analyse the collected tests. The analysis displayed numerous noteworthy index mean differences between the two groups: vocational and theoretical. The theoretical programs’ tests received overall a higher index mean compared to the vocational programs’ tests. However, a variance existed between the two judges’ scorings on most of the questions in the validity scale, and some questions’ means contradicted the index means, i.e. one of the judges ranked the vocational programs’ tests higher on more than one occasion. The analysis also revealed two diverse testing approaches, where one had a more prescriptive nature and was closely connected to the vocational programs while the other one, having a close connection to the theoretical programs, was more descriptive in nature. The degree of content validity in each test group (vocational and theoretical), showed that according to the scale used in the analysis of this study, the theoretical programs’ tests display a higher degree of content validity (higher means) compared to the vocational programs’. This result implies a difference in interpretation of the syllabus depending on program (theoretical and vocational) when constructing achievement tests. The difference found could be due to the vagueness of the syllabus.
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32

Belcher, Angela. "Effects of Looping, Kindergarten to First Grade, and Performance on State Reading Tests in Third, Fourth, and Fifth Grades: A Case Study." University of Findlay / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=findlay1595442483274655.

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Chin, Christine Hui Li. "The effects of computer-based tests on the achievement, anxiety and attitudes of grade 10 science students." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29484.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the achievement and test anxiety level of students taking a conventional paper-and-pencil science test comprising multiple-choice questions, and a computer-based version of the same test. The study assessed the equivalence of the computer-based and paper-and-pencil tests in terms of achievement scores and item characteristics, explored the relationship between computer anxiety and previous computer experience, and investigated the affective impact of computerized testing on the students. A 2 X 2 (mode of test administration by gender) factorial design was used. A sample of 54 male and 51 female Grade 10 students participated in the study. Subjects were blocked by gender and their scores on a previous school-based science exam. They were then randomly assigned to take either the computer-based test or the paper-and-pencil test, both versions of which were identical in length, item content and sequence. Three days before the test, all students were given the "Attitude questionnaire" which included pre-measures of test and computer anxiety. Immediately after taking the test, students in the computer-based group completed the "Survey of attitudes towards testing by computers" questionnaire which assessed their previous computer experience, their test anxiety and computer anxiety level while taking the test, and their reactions towards computer-based testing. Students in the paper-and-pencil test group answered the "Survey of attitudes towards testing" questionnaire which measured their test anxiety level while they were taking the paper-and-pencil test. The results indicate that the mean achievement score on the science test was significantly higher for the group taking the computer-based test. No significant difference in mean scores between sexes was observed; there was also no interaction effect between mode of test administration and gender. The test anxiety level was not significantly different between the groups taking the two versions of the test. A significant relationship existed between students' prior computer experience and their computer anxiety before taking the test. However, there was no significant relationship between previous computer experience and the computer anxiety evoked as a result of taking the test on the computer. Hence, the change in computer anxiety due to taking the test was not explained by computer experience. Of the students who took the computer-based test, 71.2 % said that if given a choice, they would prefer to take the test on a computer. Students indicated that they found the test easier, more convenient to answer because they did not have to write, erase mistakes or fill in bubbles on a scannable sheet, and faster to take when compared to a paper-and-pencil test. Negative responses to the computer-based test included the difficulty involved in reviewing and changing answers, having to type and use a keyboard, fear of the computer making mistakes, and a feeling of uneasiness because the medium of test presentation was unconventional. Students taking the computer-based test were more willing to guess on an item, and tended to avoid the option "I don't know." It is concluded that the computer-based and the paper-and-pencil tests were not equivalent in terms of achievement scores. Modifications in the way test items are presented on a computer-based test may change the strategies with which students approach the items. Extraneous variables incidental to the computer administration such as the inclination to guess on a question, the ease of getting cues from other questions, differences in test-taking flexibility, familiarity with computers, and attitudes towards computers may change the test-taking behaviour to the extent that a student's performance on a computer-based test and paper-and-pencil test may not be the same. Also, if the tasks involved in taking a test on a computer are kept simple enough, prior computer experience has little impact on the anxiety evoked in a student taking the test, and even test-takers with minimal computer experience will not be disadvantaged by having to use an unfamiliar machine.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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McQuarrie, Maureen Anne. "An empirical validity study of the Canada French individual achievement test." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28171.

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35

Kotler, Ruth M. "Student Achievement in Ohio Charter Schools: A Comparative and Longitudinal Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336060460.

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36

Ramey, Jackie D. "A Case Study| Achievement Studies of Persistent, Transitional, and Transient Populations within the Blitz Program Model at a Large Midwestern Elementary School." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615442.

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The United States' Public Education system shared concerns regarding declining achievement results across the nation. Numerous research studies suggested significant correlations to various variables, such as, SES (Socio-Economic Status), LEP (Limited English Proficiency), IEP (Individualized Educational Programs), ethnicity, and student mobility. The literature suggested these areas of concern need continued research to address specific issues, such as, how to close the educational gaps between students in these categories and students without these characteristics.

The Primary Investigator completed a case study to assist decision makers with transient students at a Midwest near-urban elementary school by specifically focusing on fifth grade students from the class of 2019. The methodology created by the Primary Investigator differentiated among Persistent, Transitional, and Transient mobility populations who entered a supplemental reading model program called, Blitz. The Primary Investigator divided mobility groups into specific categories to determine if needs were met for transient student populations, as compared to non-transient students. Few studies had addressed programs that specifically focused on methods of measurement tool that allowed for comparisons among mobile students in settings where non-mobile students reside.

The Primary Investigator's methods used in this case study allowed decision makers to continue to develop their program to fit the needs of all students at the case study school and to make decisions as to the effectiveness of their efforts to assist their Persistent, Transitional, and Transient students in their large near urban elementary school.

Results indicated there were improvements in each mobility group that participated in the Blitz supplemental reading model. Students in the most transient group significantly increased achievement and decreased variance in scores when compared to the Persistent population. The Primary Investigator's collected data suggested that students in the Persistent population averaged the highest achievement scores for all data sets. Achievement scores of students in the most Persistent populations who were of Caucasian and African American ethnicity and of low SES-socio-economic status did not have negative impacts on scores. Overall, this case study supported a positive effect of additional reading assistance on a student's independent reading ability and Communications Arts achievement in this large near-urban Midwest elementary school.

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Strouse, Darla Fishbein. "A qualitative case study of the impact of principals' leadership and school performance awards on eight Maryland schools." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1478.

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Thesis (D. Ed.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Education Policy, and Leadership. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Gokce, Semirhan. "A Structural Equation Modeling Study: Factors Related To Mathematics And Geometry Achievement Across Grade Levels." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606697/index.pdf.

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The factors related to mathematics and geometry achievement were modeled in this study. It was based on the data obtained from the Student Assessment Program carried out by Ministry of National Education. Mathematics achievement tests and student questionnaires of each grade were analyzed by using principal component analysis to obtain different dimensions that are expected to be related with student achievement. Before the principal component analysis, a content based evaluation of the content of the mathematics achievement tests was actualized and the items were grouped as mathematics and geometry. Regarding the student questionnaire socio-economic status, perception of success and interest toward mathematics and science, student-centered activities and teacher-centered activities in the classroom were identified as factors through the principal component analysis. Thereafter, three models were designed and tested by structural equation modeling technique (SEM) using LISREL 8.54. Path analysis with latent variables was used for testing the models. The following results were obtained in the study. In all of the models, socioeconomic status had a positive impact on the mathematics and geometry achievement of the students for all the grade levels examined. Teacher centered activities were found to be positively related with the students&rsquo
success of mathematics and geometry. On the other hand, student centered activities intended to have a negative relation with mathematics and geometry achievement. As the other variables were considered, an increase on the mathematics and geometry scores of the students&rsquo
was observed in all grade levels with the increase in the perception of success and interest toward mathematics and science.
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Thomasson, Victoria Lee. "A Study of the Relationship Between School Climate and Student Performance on the Virginia Standards Of Learning Tests in Elementary Schools." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1810.

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Wargacki, Jennine Elise. "High-Stakes Testing and the Gender Gap: A Study of Fourth Grade Reading Performance on the Ohio Achievement Test." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1206065793.

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Parish, Jennifer Bishop. "School climate and state standards: A study of the relationships between middle school organizational climate and student achievement on the Virginia Standards of Learning Tests." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618697.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational school climate and middle school student achievement on state assessments. The author also sought to determine the relative weight of each of the factors of school organizational climate (collegial leadership, teacher professionalism, academic press and community engagement) in relation to student achievement. Finally, this study examined the relative effects of organizational climate and the socio-economic status (SES) of participating schools on student achievement.;Suburban, rural and urban middle schools in Virginia participated in this study. The study explored middle school teachers' perceptions regarding organizational school climate in terms of collegial leadership, teacher professionalism, academic press, and community engagement. The School Climate Index (SCI) was used to survey 696 teachers' perceptions of these factors in 49 middle schools in Virginia. The eighth grade Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL) Tests in the areas of math and English were the measurement tools for student achievement in the study.;It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between organizational climate and student achievement for both English and math. When the sub-scales of school climate (collegial leadership, teacher professionalism, academic press and community engagement) were analyzed separately, multiple regression indicated that only community engagement had a significant independent effect on student achievement on the math SOL test. Both academic press and community engagement had independent effects on student achievement on the English SOL test. Further analysis indicated that SES had a significant independent effect on student achievement in English, while both school climate and SES had independent effects on student achievement on the math SOL test. School climate and SES explained much of the variance in student achievement.
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Kalender, Ilker. "A Structural Equation Modeling Study: Factors Affecting Science Achievement On Obbs-2002 Across Grade Levels And School Types." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605348/index.pdf.

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In this study, factors that affect students'
science achievement were modeled based on the data which was obtained from Study for Determination of Student Achievement &ndash
2002 (Ogrenci Basarisinin Belirlenmesi Calismasi &ndash
OBBS). First, using principle components analysis tecnique, dimensions of the student questionnaires and science achievement tests were found out. Using these dimensions for student questionnaires, latent variables socioeconomic status, student-centered activities, teacher-centered activities, private tutoring, experiments/technological material usage, and perception of interest and success were selected to be included in this study. Then, a reference model was proposed for factors affecting students'
science achievement. Lastly, this reference model was tested across three grade levels (6th, 7th, and 8th) and three school types (state, boarding, and private) and comparisons among them were made. As a result of modeling which was conducted by structural equation modeling technique (SEM) using LISREL 8.30, the study yielded the followings: Socioeconomic status has a strong effect on science achievement for all grade levels investigated. While teacher-centered activities generally affect students'
science achievement in a positive way, student-centered activities show a negative effect. Teacher-centered activities affect perception of interest and success as much as nearly they do for science achievement. Direct effect of teacher-centered activities is not significant for state and boarding schools, but their indirect effects strengthen the effect of teacher-centered activities on science achievement. Effect of experiments and technological material on perception of interest and success is negative for all grade levels and school types, except state schools in which it is positive.
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McAdoo, Penny Coyne. "The Effect of Professional Development in Performance Assessment on Mathematics Achievement and Attitude." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277837/.

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The problem of this study was to determine the effect of professional development in the use of performance assessment in fourth grade mathematics on student achievement and attitude toward mathematics. Achievement was measured by subtest and total mathematics scores on norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests. Attitude was measured by a survey of student attitudes.
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44

Sevgi, Sevim. "The Connection Between School And Student Characteristics With Mathematics Achievement In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611190/index.pdf.

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The purpose of study is to investigate the effects of school characteristics on students&rsquo
mathematics achievement across Turkey by analyzing the data collected from school questionnaire, student background questionnaire and mathematics achievement test in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2007. The analyzed sample was comprised of 4,498 students in 146 schools. Student level factors were highest level of education of either parent, students speak the language of test at home, students&rsquo
parents born in country, books in home, computer and internet connection, computer use, index of time students spend doing mathematics homework in a normal school week, index of students&rsquo
positive affect toward mathematics, index of students&rsquo
valuing mathematics, index of students&rsquo
self confidence in learning mathematics. School related factors were principals reports on the percentages of students in their schools coming from economically disadvantaged homes, principals report on the percentage of students having the language of test as their native language, index of good attendance, principals time spent on various school related activities, schools encouragement of parental involvement, index of school resources for mathematics instruction, index of principals perception of school climate. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used for analysis. The result of the study showed that 45% of variance between schools, 54.6 % of variance was in schools, 57.33 % of school variance in mathematics achievement accounted by principals&rsquo
report on percentages of students coming from economically disadvantaged homes, parents to volunteer for school programs, school resources for mathematics instruction and principals&rsquo
perception of school climate.
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45

Kiran, Dekant. "A Study On Sources And Consequences Of Elementary Students." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612503/index.pdf.

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A STUDY ON SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF ELEMENTARY STUDENTS&rsquo
SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE KIRAN, Dekant M.S., Department of Elementary Science and Mathematics Education Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Semra SUNGUR September 2010, 98 pages The present study aimed at investigating sources and consequences of middle school students&rsquo
science self-efficacy beliefs. While mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal were examined as sources of self-efficacy beliefs, students&rsquo
achievement goals, metacognition, and effort regulation were examined as consequences of self-efficacy beliefs. Self-report instruments, Sources of Science Self-Efficacy Scale (SSSE), Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ), were administered to 1932 middle school students to assess variables of the study. Results showed that mastery experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal significantly predict students&rsquo
science self-efficacy which was found to be positively linked to mastery approach goals, performance approach goals, mastery avoidance goals, metacognition, and effort regulation. In addition, a positive relationship was found between verbal persuasion and mastery approach goals. Moreover, findings revealed that approach goals were positively associated with metacognition and effort regulation while avoidance goals are negatively linked to effort regulation. Additionally, results indicated a positive association between emotional arousal and effort regulation.
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46

Mammei, Russell Rene. "Thin Films for the Transport of Polarized Ultracold Neutrons for Fundamental Symmetry Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28714.

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The use of ultracold neutrons (UCN) to study fundamental parameters such as the neutron lifetime and decay correlations in polarized neutron beta decay are poised to make significant contributions to our understand of the Standard Model and its extensions. To this end, the UCNA experiment is pursuing a precision measurement (0.2%) of the angular correlation between the neutron spin and the direction of emission of the electron in polarized neutron decay (the ``A'' asymmetry). The UCNA experiment makes use of the spallation-driven solid deuterium (SD2) UCN source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The UCN leave the source and are 100% polarized by passing through a strong magnetic field before their decay is observed by a very sensitive electron spectrometer.

UCN guides facilitate the transfer of UCN from the source to the spectrometer. Common guide materials include stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and quartz. Often a thin film is applied to these components to increase their ability to transport/bottle and preserve the polarization of UCN. In the region of the SD2 UCN source, nickel-58 films are applied, whereas once the UCN are polarized, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are employed. This dissertation covers the application, process developments, and characterization of these coatings. In addition a study concerning the surface finish resulting from the mechanical polishing and electropolishing of the guides that make up the UCNA beamline is presented.
Ph. D.
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47

Campbell, Elizabeth B. "A Comparative Study of the NAART and WRAT4 Word Reading Subtest to Estimate Reading Level." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1565183703572753.

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48

Riesser, Sharon T. "Examination of reliability and validity of the Performance Assessment of Science Skills (PASS) instruments, alternative assessment instruments of science process skills." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902509.

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Assessment of science process skills in the elementary school is essential to a hands-on science program. Concern arises with the realization that there are few performance assessment instruments of science process skills, and most of the available instruments do not have documented reliability and validity standards. This study examines the reliability and validity of a set of science performance assessment instruments through the application of currently available statistical methods. The Performance Assessment of Science Skills (PASS) tests, which were formulated by S. M. Johnson as an alternative assessment of science process skills in the elementary school grades, are the subject of investigation.Third-grade students completed PASS instruments which measured the process skills of observation, binary classification, and measurement, and fifth-grade students completed PASS instruments which measured the science process skills of prediction, designing a controlled experiment, and hierarchicalclassification.Reliability and validity for the PASS instruments focused on alternate form reliability, internal reliability, inter-rater reliability and construct validity. This study revealed that statistical reliability and validity can be documented for some alternative assessments of science process skills.
Department of Biology
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49

Cobbinah, Charles. "Achievement of ‘Assessment of Learning’ and ‘Assessment for Learning’ in Physical Science and Mathematics Continuous Assessment (Cass) practices in two East London District High Schools in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013406.

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It has been argued that assessing learner performance is considered to be one of the most important things a teacher can do to promote learners’ learning. The Mathematics and Physical Science guidelines on assessment make a distinction between ‘assessment of learning’ and ‘assessment for learning’. Both processes are seen to be complementary aspects of continuous assessment (CASS) practices which constitute 25% of the final year learner’s mark in the National Senior Certificate. How teachers understand these processes and how they achieve them during their CASS practices were the focus of the study. This was a qualitative study in which two senior secondary schools in the East London District in the Eastern Cape participated. The respondents were four grade 12 Physical Science and Mathematics teachers and two heads of department (HoDs). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. There were five main findings. First, it was found that CASS assessment practices were skewed towards fulfilling accountability requirements of the Department of Education. Teachers focused on the Programme of Assessment (PoA) tasks and ignored other forms of assessment. Second, it appeared the use of the term ‘informal’ in the Department policy documents with regard to ‘assessment for learning’ encouraged teachers to treat informal assessment tasks as unimportant, not to be marked and recorded. In some cases assessment tasks were used to ‘occupy’ learners when teachers did not feel like teaching, so that learners would not be idle and disruptive in class. Third, some teachers did not set their own assessment tasks; they took previous papers and did cut and paste. Such a practice seemed to preclude assessment tasks that are tailor-made for particular learners. This practice also may undermine the alignment of learning outcomes and assessment standards. Fourth, moderation of CASS tasks was sometimes ignored and in other times done not strictly according to guidelines. These findings cast doubt on the validity and reliability of CASS marks. Finally, in most assessment for learning tasks, learners were not given feedback by teachers. This appears to undermine one of the most fundamental uses of assessment, which is feedback on performance that guides learning. It can be concluded that the CASS assessment practices did not reflect a balance between ‘assessment of learning’ and ‘assessment for learning’. This state of affairs seemed to be encouraged by the fact that district departmental support systems were too technicist and appeared to encourage teachers to do assessment to fulfil accountability purposes rather than for learners’ learning. It is recommended that research on assessment practices based on probability sampling for which results can be generalised to the target population should be carried out. It is further recommended that courses on assessment should be run for teachers in order to renew and/or give them assessment skills that will enable them to achieve a balance between assessment for learning and assessment of learning.
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Alderman, Duane Thomas. "A Comparison Study of the Relationships of 4/4 Block Scheduled Schools and 7-Period Traditional Scheduled Schools on the Standards of Learning Tests for Virginia Public Secondary Schools." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26894.

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Learning in America has been restrained by time. Educators have developed a time-bound mentality and deceived themselves into believing that schools can educate all students at the same pace. Across the nation there is a growing trend toward restructuring as educators seek smaller class enrollment with more flexible use of time. Block scheduling utilizes classes organized into longer blocks of time and may be an element that meets these demands for restructuring. In Virginia, 4/4 block scheduling is the most popular (31.6%) arrangement of the school day. Advocates of 4/4 block scheduling are convinced this schedule meets students' needs. With the adoption of the new Standards of Learning Tests for Virginia Public Schools it is important for educators to determine which schedule will help students improve their test scores. There are no empirical studies on the effect of 4/4 block scheduling on these Standards of Learning Tests. This study will attempt to determine if there is a meaningful relationship between two types of schedules, the 4/4 block and 7-period traditional schedules, and student achievement on the Standards of Learning Tests for Virginia Public Schools.
Ed. D.
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