Relevant bibliographies by topics / Acetylene blockage technique

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Academic literature on the topic 'Acetylene blockage technique'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Acetylene blockage technique"

1

Sørensen, Jan, Lone K. Rasmussen, and Isao Koike. "Micromolar sulfide concentrations alleviate acetylene blockage of nitrous oxide reduction by denitrifying Pseudomonas fluorescens." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-176.

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The influence of low sulfide concentrations on nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction by resting cells of denitrifying Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied. Nitrous oxide reduction was inhibited by sulfide with an apparent Ki value of 1 μM. The inhibition was immediate and was readily alleviated by a short treatment of the cells with O2. In the absence of sulfide, addition of acetylene (0.2 kPa C2H2 or more) caused an immediate and complete inhibition of N2O reduction. However, when the sulfide concentration was higher than 2 μM, addition of C2H2 (range of 0.7–13 kPa tested) gave incomplete inhibition of the N2O reduction. Complete inhibition was in this case only obtained after prolonged exposure to the C2H2. The transition period with incomplete C2H2 blockage was shortest (about 20 min) for relatively high C2H2 applications (about 10 kPa). Incomplete C2H2 blockage was seen only when sulfide was added to the cell suspensions before C2H2. The data may relate to the low efficacy of the "acetylene blockage technique" when the assay is applied to [Formula: see text]-deficient and reducing environments.
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Duff, John H., and Frank J. Triska. "Denitrifïcations in Sediments from the Hyporheic Zone Adjacent to a Small Forested Stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-133.

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Denitrification was assayed by the acetylene blockage technique in hyporheic sediments. Samples were obtained along transects perpendicular to the stream at two sites: (1) the base of a slope dominated by old-growth redwood and (2) the base of a slope dominated by alder regenerating from a clearcut in 1965. Denitrification was evident at in situ nitrate concentrations at all locations tested. Activity was stimulated by nitrate but nitrate plus glucose had no additional effect. Denitrifying potentials increased with increasing distance from the stream channel. Dissolved oxygen was 100% of the concentration expected in equilibrium with the atmosphere in water obtained from monitoring wells immediately adjacent to the stream but was as low as 7% of the expected value in water 11.4 m inland. Both nitrate and dissolved organic carbon decreased over summer in wells at the base of the alder-forested slope. A 48-h injection of nitrate-amended stream water into hyporheic water 8.4 m inland stimulated nitrous oxide production in the presence of acetylene. Nitrous oxide was generated as nitrate and acetylene were co-transported to a well 13 m down-gradient. The acetylene-block experiments coupled with the chemistry data suggest that denitrification can modify the chemistry of water during passage through the hyporheic zone.
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Paul, J. W., and B. J. Zebarth. "Denitrification and nitrate leaching during the fall and winter following dairy cattle slurry application." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-052.

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Conditions in soils of south-coastal British Columbia during the fall and winter favor both NO3− leaching and denitrification. Estimates of NO3− leaching were made on a coarse-textured soil having a high water table (Sumas) and a well-drained, medium-textured soil (Agassiz) in each of 1991 and 1992, following application of 0, 300 and 600 kg total N ha−1 as dairy cattle slurry at the end of September. Leaching was calculated by measuring NH4+ and NO3− concentrations biweekly to 90 cm depth and subtracting denitrification losses. Denitrification estimates were made using the acetylene blockage technique on intact cores taken to 43 cm depth at biweekly intervals from the 0 and 600 kg N ha−1 treatments. Most of the NO3− disappeared from the 90 cm soil profile by January in both years. At the high rate of manure application, denitrification losses were 29 and 20 kg N ha−1 at Agassiz in 1991 and 1992, and 48 and 17 kg N ha−1 at Sumas in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Denitrification losses in the non-manured treatments ranged from 3 to 16 kg N ha−1 Significant denitrification losses occurred at the 15- to 28-cm and the 30-cm to 43-cm depths, indicating that denitrification measurements at these depths are important. Leaching losses ranged from 60 to 188 kg N ha−1 from the control treatments, and from 102 to 241 kg N ha−1 following the highrate of manure application. Denitrification accounted for up to 17% of the NO3− loss from the soil profile, indicating that the majority of the NO3− was leached. Key words: Acetylene blockage technique, denitrification rate, air-filled porosity, manure
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Bollmann, Annette, and Ralf Conrad. "Acetylene blockage technique leads to underestimation of denitrification rates in oxic soils due to scavenging of intermediate nitric oxide." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, no. 7 (July 1997): 1067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00007-2.

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5

Gilbert, Y., Y. Le Bihan, and P. Lessard. "Acetylene blockage technique as a tool to determine denitrification potential of a biomass fixed on an organic media treating wastewater." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 5, no. 5 (September 2006): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s06-025.

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6

Paul, J. W., and B. J. Zebarth. "Denitrification during the growing season following dairy cattle slurry and fertilizer application for silage corn." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-051.

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Denitrification losses during the growing season may reduce the availability of manure and fertilizer N for crop production. Denitrification losses were measured during the growing seasons of 1992 and 1993 following spring manure or fertilizer application on a sandy soil with a high water table (Sumas) and a well-drained silt loam soil (Agassiz), both cropped to silage corn (Zeamays L.). Dairy cattle slurry (600 kg total N ha−1) was surface applied and incorporated in April. Ammonium nitrate (200 kg N ha−1) was surface applied at planting in early May. Denitrification rates were measured using the acetylene blockage technique on intact soil cores taken from 0- to 13-cm, 15- to 28-cm and 30- to 43-cm depths biweekly following manure application until mid-June, then monthly until after harvest in September. Denitrification rates were measured weekly in the control and manured treatment in 1993. In 1993, average denitrification rates were significantly higher following manure application (485 g N ha−1 d−1) than following fertilizer application (214 g N ha−1 d−1), and were higher at 15- to 30-cm depth (213 g N ha−1 d−1) than at 0- to 15-cm depth (22 g N ha−1 d−1) and the 30- to 45-cm depth (44 g N ha−1 d−1). Denitrification losses during the growing season in 1993 were 75 and 39 kg N ha−1 in the manured and fertilized soil at Sumas, compared with 68 and 34 kg N ha−1 in the same treatments at Agassiz. Denitrification losses during 1992 were 156 and 107 kg N ha−1 in the manured and fertilized soil at Sumas, compared with 95 and 27 kg N ha−1 in the same treatments at Agassiz. This research demonstrates that denitrification losses can be substantial during the growing season, and can be underestimated if denitrification rates are measured only to 15 or 20 cm depth. Key words: Acetylene blockage, soil cores, nitrogen, manure, maize
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Perron, Isabelle, Athyna N. Cambouris, Bernie J. Zebarth, Philippe Rochette, and Noura Ziadi. "Effect of three nitrogen fertilizer sources on denitrification rate under irrigated potato production on sandy soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0150.

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Large inputs of nitrogen (N) are required to optimize yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and it may result in a high potential for N losses including denitrification. This 5 yr study compared the effect of three N fertilizer sources [ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), and polymer-coated urea (PCU)] at 200 kg N ha−1 (N200) and an unfertilized control (N0) on denitrification rate (DR) from irrigated potato production on a coarse-textured soil in eastern Canada. Fertilizer was banded all at-planting (PCU) or split 40% at-planting and 60% at-hilling (AN and AS). The DR was measured biweekly from planting to harvest at two locations (ridge and furrow) using the acetylene blockage technique. The mean annual DR, averaged across N treatments, ranged from 0.8 to 8.0 μg N2O-N kg dry soil−1 d−1, and it was most closely related to the water inputs in the 72 h before DR measurements. Mean DR averaged across year was greater for N200 than for N0 (4.2 vs. 3.4 μg N2O-N kg dry soil−1 d−1) but did not differ among N sources. Our results suggest that choice of N fertilizer source in sandy soils is more important in controlling losses of N by leaching than by denitrification.
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Bergstrom, D. W., and E. G. Beauchamp. "Relationships between denitrification rate and determinant soil properties under barley." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-056.

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To better understand environmental regulation of denitrification, we examined relationships between denitrification rate and six determinant soil properties: moisture content, air-filled porosity, NO3− content, respiration rate, mineralizable-C concentration and denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA). Soil cores were collected on 27 sampling dates over a growing season at a site seeded to barley (Hordeum vulgare). Denitrification rate was measured using a static core technique and acetylene blockage. Moisture content and air-filled porosity and, to a lesser extent, mineralizable-C concentration and respiration rate were more strongly related to denitrification rate than was DEA. Denitrification rate was unrelated to NO3− content. On most sampling dates, mean denitrification rate increased substantially only below an air-filled porosity of 0.3. Moreover, the distribution of individual measurements of denitrification rate was less skewed at lower air-filled porosities. Approximately 60% of variation in mean values of denitrification rate for each sampling date could be accounted for by measurements of bulk soil properties, of which moisture content and air-filled porosity were most important. Measurements of bulk soil properties did not account for nil values of denitrification rate at low air-filled porosities or for small-scale spatial variability. Such measurements were better indicators of temporal variation — that is, when denitrification occurred — than of actual rates. Key words: Denitrification, air-filled porosity, denitrifying enzyme activity
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9

Hopkins, M. G., R. J. Spina, and A. A. Ehsani. "Enhanced beta-adrenergic-mediated cardiovascular responses in endurance athletes." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.2.516.

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To determine whether the adaptive increase in left ventricular systolic function in the trained state is mediated by enhanced responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation, we studied eight male endurance athletes [age 27 +/- 1.8 yr; maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) 60 +/- 0.9 (SE) ml x kg-1 x min-1] and eight sedentary men (age 27 +/- 1.4 yr; VO2max 43.1 +/- 1.7 ml x kg-1 x min-1). Left ventricular function was evaluated with two-dimensional echocardiography and pulsed Doppler transmitral flow velocity profile in the basal state, after parasympathetic blockade by atropine, and during infusion of dobutamine. Cardiac output and stroke volume, determined with the acetylene rebreathing technique, during maximal exercise were significantly higher in the endurance athletes than in the sedentary men (28.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 23 +/- 1.23 1/min, P = 0.019, and 162 +/- 12 vs. 125 +/- 7 ml/min, P = 0.029). Endurance athletes showed physiological volume overload-left ventricular hypertrophy and greater enhancements of left ventricular systolic function and filling dynamics in response to dobutamine than did the sedentary men as reflected in 1) a steeper slope of the fractional shortening-end-systolic wall stress relationship (-0.986 +/- 0.16 vs. -0.508 +/- 0.054, P = 0.014, athletes vs. controls) and 2) a higher early-to-late transmitral diastolic Doppler velocity ratio (2.14 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.74 +/- 0.12, P = 0.016) at a comparable heart rate. Although endurance athletes had a significantly greater inotropic response to dobutamine, they demonstrated a markedly attenuated chronotropic response to beta1-adrenergic stimulation compared with sedentary subjects. Our findings suggest that, even with a blunted chronotropic response, endurance-trained young men show an augmented inotropic response to a beta1-adrenergic agonist that, along with physiological volume overload hypertrophy and increased diastolic filling, can contribute to a larger stroke volume during maximal exercise in the trained state.
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10

Casella, S., C. Leporini, and G. Picci. "Gaseous nitrogen losses from fertilized soil during nitrification and denitrification using the acetylene blockage technique." Biology and Fertility of Soils 2, no. 2 (May 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00257581.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acetylene blockage technique"

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Brodrick, Stephanie J., and n/a. "The influence of secondary treated effluent on denitrification in a natural wetland." University of Canberra. Natural Resources, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060613.144624.

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The influence of effluent addition on denitrification potential in the Thredbo Wetland was observed by comparing an area of the wetland receiving secondary treated effluent with another area receiving no effluent addition. Physico-chemical measurements (Eh, pH and temperature) of the soil were conducted in both sampling areas to characterise the denitrifying environment. Levels of nitrate plus nitrite and ammonium ion in the soil from 0-30cm depth were recorded on a seasonal basis to identify the role of effluent addition and vertical distribution of inorganic nitrogen species in controlling the distribution of denitrification potential in the soil. Denitrification potentials of soils and decaying plant material were evaluated by the acetylene blockage technique. This involved laboratory incubations under optimum conditions of pH, temperature, nitrate concentration, carbon supply, and diffusion. The influence of these physico-chemical factors on denitrification was also investigated. It was found that the effluent addition caused higher denitrification potential in soils and surface decaying plant material by raising soil temperature, lowering Eh, and increasing concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite and ammonium ions. The highest denitrification potential was recorded in the decaying plant material on the soil surface. The highest soil denitrification potential occurred in the 0-6cm depth segment. Carbon supply and pH had no influence on denitrification potential whilst low temperature (5ºC), and restricted diffusion limited denitrification. In terms of tertiary water treatment denitrification in Thredbo Wetland makes a significant-contribution to the removal of nitrogen year-round. However, total nitrogen removal could be increased by increasing the residence time of water in the wetland thereby encouraging greater spatial and temporal interaction between the denitrifiers and the wastewater nitrogen.
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Book chapters on the topic "Acetylene blockage technique"

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Rolston, D. E. "Limitations of the Acetylene Blockage Technique for Field Measurement of Denitrification." In Field Measurement of Dinitrogen Fixation and Denitrification, 93–101. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub18.c7.

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Keeney, Dennis R. "Critique of the Acetylene Blockage Technique for Field Measurement of Denitrification." In Field Measurement of Dinitrogen Fixation and Denitrification, 103–15. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub18.c8.

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