Journal articles: 'Acetic acid Evaluation'

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Chen, Yuanhang, Zhenyun Yan, Long Liang, Miao Ran, Ting Wu, Baobin Wang, Xiuxiu Zou, Mengke Zhao, Guigan Fang, and Kuizhong Shen. "Comparative Evaluation of Organic Acid Pretreatment of Eucalyptus for Kraft Dissolving Pulp Production." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020361.

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Pretreatment is an essential process for the extensive utilization of lignocellulose materials. The effect of four common organic acid pretreatments for Kraft dissolving pulp production was comparatively investigated. It was found that under acidic conditions, hemicellulose can be effectively removed and more reducing sugars can be recovered. During acetic acid pretreatment, lignin that was dissolved in acetic acid could form a lignin-related film which would alleviate cellulose hydrolysis, while other organic acids caused severe cellulose degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to characterize the pretreated chips in the process. Lignin droplets were attached to the surface of the treated wood chips according to the SEM results. The FTIR spectrum showed that the lignin peak signal becomes stronger, and the hemicellulose peak signal becomes weaker with acid pretreatment. The XRD spectrum demonstrated that the crystallinity index of the wood chips increased. The acetic acid pretreatment process-assisted Kraft process achieved higher yield (31.66%) and higher α-cellulose (98.28%) than any other organic acid pretreatment. Furthermore, extensive utilization of biomass was evaluated with the acetic acid pretreatment-assisted Kraft process. 43.8% polysaccharide (12.14% reducing sugar and 31.66% dissolving pulp) and 22.24% lignin (0.29% acetic acid lignin and 21.95% sulfate lignin) were recovered during the process. Biomass utilization could reach 66.04%. Acetic acid pretreatment is a promising process for extensive biomass utilization.

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Abhi Garg, Abhi Garg, and Manoj Sharma. "Evaluation of Phosphate Solubilizing Activity and Indole Acetic Acid Production of Rhizobia." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/113.

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Saïed, Noura, and Mohammed Aider. "Zeta Potential and Turbidimetry Analyzes for the Evaluation of Chitosan/Phytic Acid Complex Formation." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 2 (February 16, 2014): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n2p71.

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The aim of this work was to study the possible complex formation between chitosan and phytic acid. Zeta potential and turbidity measurements were used as a basis to confirm the possible complex between these two molecules. The obtained results showed that chitosan at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) were soluble in 0.1% acetic acid solution. This concentration of the acetic acid was the lowest that allows chitosan to dissolve. A positive surface charge of chitosan was recorded in the pH interval from 1 to 7. The highest zeta potential values were obtained at pH < 5 and decreased significantly at pH 6 and 7. Regarding phytic acid, it was soluble in deionized water and acetic acid whatever the concentration of the acetic acid and in the entire pH range 2-10. Phytic acid had negative surface charge in deionized water and in 0.1% acetic acid, but was slightly positively charged in 5% acetic acid solution. The solubility of chitosan was decreased by the presence of phytic acid. The formation of chitosan/phytic acid complex as monitored by measuring the zeta potential does not allow us to conclude that the formation of this complex is possible.

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Xu, Huiling, Jong Hyoung Hong, Dabin Kim, Young Hun Jin, Alixander Mattay Pawluk, and Jae-Hyung Mah. "Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidative Activity of Fermented Green Tea Produced via One- and Two-Step Fermentation." Antioxidants 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081425.

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This study investigated the influence of one- and two-step fermentation on bioactive compound production in fermented green tea, i.e., one-step fermented green tea (OFG) and two-step fermented green tea (TFG). One-step fermentation entailed acetic acid fermentation, while two-step fermentation consisted of lactic acid fermentation followed by acetic acid fermentation. Acetobacter pasteurianus PCH 325, isolated from an over-ripened peach, was selected for acetic acid fermentation based on its growth and organic acid production characteristics. Acetic acid fermentation conditions were optimized for one- and two-step fermentation: 3% fermentation alcohol for both processes; 8% and 4% sucrose, respectively; and fermentation at 25 °C for both processes. For lactic acid fermentation of TFG, the inoculum and optimized conditions reported previously were used. Under the optimized conditions, the acetic acid content in OFG and TFG increased 21.20- and 29.51-fold, respectively. Furthermore, through two-step fermentation, γ-aminobutyric acid and lactic acid were produced up to 31.49 ± 1.17 mg/L and 243.44 ± 58.15 mg/L, respectively, which together with acetic acid could contribute to the higher DPPH scavenging activity of TFG. This study suggests that two-step fermentation may be a valuable strategy in industry for raising the amount of acetic acid and/or providing additional bioactive compounds.

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O. O., Eniolorunda, Apata E. S., Ogunlesi O. E., and Okubanjo A. O. "Quality Evaluation of Beef Preserved With Food Grade Organic Acids at Room Temperature." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 5 (July 29, 2014): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n5p120.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three common food grade organic acids – citric, acetic and ascorbic on quality properties of fresh beef preserved for 14 days. 1 kg of fresh beef (thigh muscle) of White Fulani cow was purchased at Ayetoro market in Yewa North local government Area of Ogun State and was divided into 4 equal parts of 250 g per treatment replicated three times. The acids were purchased at Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO) Lagos. 5% each of the organic acid was prepared and constituted an experimental treatment, freezing was used as control. Thus: T1 = Freezing (control), T2 = Citric acid, T3 = Acetic acid, T4 = Ascorbic acid. 10ml of each organic acid solution was injected into 250 g fresh beef with a needle and syringe and immersed in the same solution in covered plastic containers, stored at room temperature (27 ºC). The results showed that most of the physicochemical properties of the preserved beef were better (P < 0.05) in treatment 3, also. Lipid oxidation and microbial values were lower (P < 0.05) in the same treatment. However, acceptability of beef in treatment3 was lower (P < 0.05) because colour and flavour scores beef were lower (P < 0.05). It was suggested therefore, that lower concentrations of acetic acid be tested in a separate study to ascertain concentration level that will confer higher colour flavour and acceptability scores on beef since acetic acid favoured almost all tested properties and of preserved beef in this study.

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Almeida-Bezerra, José Weverton, Viviane Bezerra da Silva, Cicero dos Santos Leandro, Natália Barbosa Campos, José Iago Muniz, Maria Haiele Nogueira da Costa, Talina Guedes Ribeiro, et al. "Evaluation of pre-germinative treatments in seeds of Cereus jamacaru DC subsp. jamacaru (Cactaceae)." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): e2139108369. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8369.

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Cereus jamacaru DC subsp. jamacaru (mandacaru) is an endemic species in Brazil belonging to Cactaceae of great ecological importance, as it is a pioneer in the colonization of arid and inhospitable environments, and contributes directly to the food chain for its fruits highly appreciated by fauna. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate, through chemical scarification, the germinative behavior of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru. The cactus seeds were collected in May 2016 in the city of Quixelô-CE-Brazil. The acids used in chemical scarification were acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, propionic acid and sulfuric acid for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The seeds were placed in Petri dishes, and placed to germinate in a B.O.D. with a light/dark cycle of 12 hrs at 30 ºC. Daily readings were performed and analyzed: percentage of germination, Germination Speed Index (GSI) and mean germination time (Tm). The results indicate that acids negatively interfere in seed germination when compared to the control group, mainly acetic and propionic acid, since at the end of the experiment only 8% of the seeds germinated when subjected to acetic acid, and 4% to the propionic. In addition, there was also a significant increase in Tm. Thus, water is the best method of obtaining a higher percentage of germination of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru.

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Rathnayake, Buddhika, Hanna Valkama, Markku Ohenoja, Jasmiina Haverinen, and Riitta L. Keiski. "Evaluation of Nanofiltration Membranes for the Purification of Monosaccharides: Influence of pH, Temperature, and Sulfates on the Solute Retention and Fouling." Membranes 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121210.

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Furfural, acetic acid, and sulfates are found in the hemicellulose (HMC) fraction of lignocellulosic biomass. Separation of furfural, acetic acid, and sulfates from monosaccharides by four nanofiltration (NF) membranes was evaluated with a model solution of glucose, xylose, furfural, acetic acid, and sulfates. Results showed that Alfa Laval NF99HF is the most promising membrane to purify monosaccharides, with the retentions of xylose (85%), glucose (95%), and with the minimum sulfate retention. pH has the highest impact on the retention of all solutes and there is no significant effect of temperature on the retentions of sulphates and acetic acid. Lower pH and temperature are favored to maximize the monosaccharide retention and to remove acetic acid while retaining more furfural with the monosaccharides. Moreover, fouling tendency is maximized at lower pH and higher temperatures. According to the statistical analysis, the retentions of glucose, xylose, furfural, sulfates, and acetic acid are 95%, 90%, 20%, 88%, and 0%, respectively at pH 3 and 25 °C. The presence of sulfates favors the separation of acetic acid and furfural from monosaccharides.

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Bhattachan, Kabin, Ganesh Dangal, Aruna Karki, Hema Kumari Pradhan, Ranjana Shrestha, Sharmila Parajuli, Rekah Poudel, Nishma Bajracharya, and Kenusha Tiwari. "Evaluation of Abnormal Cervix with Visual Inspection under Acetic Acid and Colposcopy." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 01 (April 28, 2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i01.1809.

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Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem especially in developing countries. It can be prevented through implementation of routine screening program. There are different screening methods but their efficacy are still questionable. So the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy to detect precancerous lesion in women with clinically unhealthy or abnormal cervix.Methods: Forty patients with abnormal cervix (35) and abnormal pap smear results (5) were enrolled for the study in outpatient department of Kathmandu Model Hospital. Patients were evaluated with visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy in the same sitting. Cervical punch biopsy were taken from suspected lesion or from four quadrant if colposcopy findings were normal and sent for histopathological examination. The finding of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were correlated with histopathological finding and compared with each other.Results: The age of participants ranged from 24 to 68 years with mean age of 38.17 years and mean parity of 2.25. visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were positive in eight (20%) and ten (25%) respectively. There were five (12.5%) cases of histopathologically proven lesion. The sensitivity of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were 80% and 100 % respectively and that of specificity were 88.5% and 85.5%.Conclusions: visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid is an effective screening tool with comparable sensitivity and specificity. It can be used as alternative screening methods especially in low income resource countries where the burden of disease is high.Keywords: Cervical cancer; Colposcopy; screening; VIA.

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Aggrey, Anderson, Peter Dare, Robert Lei, and Daniel Gapes. "Evaluation of a two-stage hydrothermal process for enhancing acetic acid production using municipal biosolids." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.848.

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A two-stage hydrothermal process aimed at improving acetic acid production using municipal biosolids was evaluated against thermal hydrolysis and conventional wet oxidation process in a 600 ml Parr batch reactor. Thermal hydrolysis was conducted at 140 °C, wet oxidation at 220 °C and the two-stage process, which acted as a series combination of thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation, at 220 °C. Initial pressure of 1 MPa was maintained in all the three processes. The results indicated that the highest acetic acid production of up to 58 mg/g dry solids feed was achieved in the wet oxidation process followed by the two-stage process with 36 mg/g dry solids feed and 1.8 mg/g dry solids feed for thermal hydrolysis. The acetic acid yield obtained by the thermal processes increased from 0.4% in the thermal hydrolysis process to 12% during the single stage wet oxidation, with the two-stage process achieving 8%. The purity of the acetic acid improved from 1% in thermal hydrolysis to 38% in the wet oxidation process. The two-stage process achieved acetic acid purity of 25%. This work demonstrated no enhancement of acetic acid production by the two-stage concept compared with the single stage wet oxidation process. This is in contrast to similar work by other researchers, investigated on carbohydrate biomass and vegetable wastes using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. However, the data obtained revealed that substrate specificity, reaction severity or oxidant type is clearly important in promoting reaction mechanisms which support enhanced acetic acid production using municipal biosolids.

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Shrestha, Bigya, Karishma Malla Vaidya, and Rijuta Joshi. "Evaluation of Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid and Liquid Based in Cervical Cancer Screening with Cervical Biopsy." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.1674.

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Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries. Cervical cancer generally develops slowly over a period of 10-15 years. Incidence and mortality related to cervical cancer both have declining in developed countries because of effective screening programs through Papanicolaou smear. Therefore, cervical cancer can be prevented through implementation of different methods of screening programs like visual inspection of cervix with application of acetic acid visual inspection with acetic acid, liquid based cytology and human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of visual inspection with Acetic Acid with liquid based cytology in cervical cancer screening taking cervical biopsy as a gold standard. Methods: The study was conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu. One hundred forty four patients underwent visual inspection with acetic acid and liquid based cytology test followed by biopsy for confirmation of the lesion, when required. Data were obtained and statistically analyzed. Results: Out of 144 screened patients, 62 (43.05%) were positive in visual inspection with acetic acid test. Eighteen (12.5%) cases were positive in liquid based cytology. Thirteen women were positive with both tests. Thirty-nine cases underwent histopathological examination including 13 cases who were positive in both tests. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for visual inspection with acetic acid was 81.25%, 65.22%, 61.90% and 83.33%, whereas for liquid based cytology it was 100%, 91.30%, 88.89% and 94.87% respectively. Conclusions: Liquid based cytology was more efficacious to diagnose atypical cells with higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison to that of visual Inspection with Acetic Acid test. Keywords: Cervical cancer; liquid based cytology; visual inspection with acetic acid

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Romero, L. E., and D. Cantero. "Evaluation of ethanol evaporation losses in acetic acid fermentations." Bioprocess Engineering 18, no. 4 (1998): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050443.

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ANDERSON, MAYNARD E., HAROLD E. HUFF, HUGH D. NAUMANN, ROBERT T. MARSHALL, JOHN M. DAMARE, MARK PRATT, and RALPH JOHNSTON. "Evaluation of an Automated Beef Carcass Washing and Sanitizing System under Production Conditions1,2." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.7.562.

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Beef half carcasses were hand- or machine-washed and then machine-sanitized with 1.5% acetic acid. Sanitizer was applied at 14.4 or 52°C. Counts of Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic bacteria, made on samples collected by excision of tissues before and after treatments, demonstrated that machine washing and sanitizing reduced counts more than did hand washing. Counts were reduced more by hot than cool acetic acid. Percentages of samples with counts of log10 5.0/200 cm2 or higher after treatment were 26 and 46 for samples from carcasses sanitized with 1.5% acetic acid at 52 and 14.4°C, respectively. After hand washings 65% of the samples had these high counts.

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Verspreet, Joran, Sabine Kreps, and Leen Bastiaens. "Evaluation of Microbial Load, Formation of Odorous Metabolites and Lipid Stability during Wet Preservation of Nannochloropsis gaditana Concentrates." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 3419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103419.

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Wet preservation of algae allows us to bridge the time period between algae harvest and processing while avoiding the costs and nutritional losses associated with algae drying. This study aimed to identify suitable storage conditions for the wet preservation of Nannochloropsis gaditana concentrates. The impact of storage temperature, time and the way of closing the storage recipient was evaluated using a full factorial design. The effect of acetic acid addition was tested for one storage condition. Storage temperature was the main factor determining the microbial count and had a vast impact on the formation of odorous metabolites. Storage at 20 °C in closed recipients led to rapid O2 consumption, accumulation of malodorous short-chain fatty acids above their odor thresholds, and the production of H2S and methanethiol. These odorous metabolites were not formed or to a much lower extent during 4 °C and 8 °C storage in closed recipients. Acetic acid supplementation (50 mM) suppressed the formation of short-chain fatty acids during 8 °C storage in unsealed recipients and reduced the aerobic microbial count and the number of yeasts and molds by approximately one log unit after 14 days. Yet, acetic acid addition also induced lipid hydrolysis and decreased chlorophyll levels when algae were stored for more than one week. This study demonstrated that temperature control is needed and that acetic acid addition is a promising approach when N. gaditana concentrates are stored for less than one week.

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El-Wakeel, Mona Adel. "EVALUATION OF Psidium guajava LEAVES AND ACETIC ACID AS NATURAL HERBICIDES FOR CONTROLLING SOME WEEDS OF Capsicum annuum CROP." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i1.816.

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Allelopathy and natural products are safe non-chemical modern techniques that applied as alternative to synthetic herbicides for controlling weeds. So, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Psidium guajava leaf powder (PLP) and Acetic acid 5% as a natural product on the growth and yield of Capsicum annuum plants and both associated weeds: Phalaris minor (grassy weed) and Malva parviflora (broad-leaved weed). PLP was mixed with in the soil surface at successive rates (15, 30, 45 and 60 g/pot). In the corresponding treatments PLP at the same sequenced rates was mixed with the soil then sprayed with acetic acid 5% immediately. Moreover, sole spraying of acetic acid 5% treatment was sprayed on the soil surface. All treatments were applied before transplanting directly. Results revealed that the maximum inhibition of both weeds in both seasons was recorded by PLP at 60g + Acetic acid 5% as compared to unweeded control. Concerning to C. annuum growth parameters and yield traits, sole application of PLP at successive rates is more effective than PLP at the same successive rates with acetic acid 5%. So, it was observed that PLP at 60g/pot and 45 g/pot significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the lowest value of all growth parameters and yield traits of Capsicum annuum plants.Allelopathy and natural products are safe non-chemical modern techniques that applied as alternative to synthetic herbicides for controlling weeds. So, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Psidium guajava leaf powder (PLP) and Acetic acid 5% as a natural product on the growth and yield of Capsicum annuum plants and both associated weeds: Phalaris minor (grassy weed) and Malva parviflora (broad-leaved weed). PLP was mixed with in the soil surface at successive rates (15, 30, 45 and 60 g/pot). In the corresponding treatments PLP at the same sequenced rates was mixed with the soil then sprayed with acetic acid 5% immediately. Moreover, sole spraying of acetic acid 5% treatment was sprayed on the soil surface. All treatments were applied before transplanting directly. Results revealed that the maximum inhibition of both weeds in both seasons was recorded by PLP at 60g + Acetic acid 5% as compared to unweeded control. Concerning to C. annuum growth parameters and yield traits, sole application of PLP at successive rates is more effective than PLP at the same successive rates with acetic acid 5%. So, it was observed that PLP at 60g/pot and 45 g/pot significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the lowest value of all growth parameters and yield traits of Capsicum annuum plants.

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Datt, Nishtha, Rakesh Raman Patyar, and Sazal Patyar. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF VINPOCETINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH SULFASALAZINE IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN RATS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 16 (September 16, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s4.21343.

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Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and its exact etiopathology is still unclear. Most of the currently available drugs provide the symptomatic improvement, and their long-term use can lead to various unwanted effects also. This study was done to observe the effects of vinpocetine alone and in combination with sulfasalazine on IBD in rats.Methods: Adult Wistar rats of either sex were used (n=36). Experimental colitis was produced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid (10% v/v, 0.20 ml/rat) given per rectally. Rats were divided into six groups (n=6): Group I - normal control (0.9% w/v saline, intracolonic administration + 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose, i.e., CMC, p.o); Group II - acetic acid (10% v/v, intracolonic administration+0.5% w/v CMC, p.o); Group IIIA - acetic acid + vinpocetine (5 mg/kg, p.o); Group IIIB - acetic acid + vinpocetine (10 mg/kg, p.o); Group IV - acetic acid + sulfasalazine (360 mg/kg, p.o.); Group V - acetic acid + sulfasalazine + vinpocetine (360 mg/kg, p.o. + 5 mg/kg, p.o). The study period was of 15 days in which animals were treated with acetic acid solution on day 1 and treatment was started 4 hrs after the administration of acetic acid till the 14th day. On 15th day, the animals were sacrificed for the investigation of various macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical parameters.Results: The higher dose of orally administered vinpocetine (10 mg/kg) and combination of sulfasalazine + vinpocetine (360 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg) were found to be the most effective in reducing the severity of mucosal damage which was similar to the reference drug sulfasalazine (360 mg/kg). Both the doses of vinpocetine curtailed the histopathological scores. The combination therapy of sulfasalazine + vinpocetine (360 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg) was equally effective to standard drug but not found to be the most effective treatment. Myeloperoxidase levels were significantly reduced in vinpocetine treated groups as compared to acetic acid control group, while the glutathione levels were increased significantly. Similarly, vinpocetine significantly decreased the malondialdehyde level in the intestinal tissue of the rats with acetic acid induced colitis, and thus the severity of the tissue damage.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that vinpocetine possesses anti-inflammatory activity and are therapeutically effective in acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis at a dose of 5 mg/kg. More pronounced effects were observed at higher dose, i.e., 10 mg/kg. The combination of sulfasalzine + vinpocetine was also found to be effective as compared to high dose of vinpocetine (10 mg/kg).

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KAROVIČOVÁ, J., and Z. KOHAJDOVÁ. "The use of PCA, FA, CA for the evaluation of vegetable juices processed by lactic acid fermentation." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 20, No. 4 (November 18, 2011): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3524-cjfs.

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The cabbage-carrot juices were inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum 92H at the concentration of 8 × 106 CFU/ml and fermented in a thermostat at 24°C for 150 hours. During the fermentation, both analytical (pH, total acidity, reducing sugars, l-ascorbic acid, lactic, acetic and citric acids, biogenic amines) and sensory (appearance, colour, turbidity, sediment and taste) parameters were followed. For the evaluation of the results of the chemical and sensory (taste) analyses of these juices the multivariate statistical methods were applied. PCA and FA reduced the 7 original analytical variables to 1 independent component (factor) that accounted for 96.92% of the total variance, and CA divided samples into 2 groups according to the contents of lactic and acetic acids. PCA and FA reduced the 8 taste and mixture taste descriptors to 2 components (factors) that accounted for 97.28% of the total variance.  

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Gerges, Magdy, and Mohamed Asuoty. "Effect of Adding Essential Oils and Organic Acids on Shelf Life of Chicken Sausage." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 74, no. 1 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.69487.

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One such common chicken meat product consumed and relished throughout the world is sausage. The present paper investigated the effect of basil essential oil and acetic acid when added separately or together in preserving raw chicken sausage during storage at 4°C and -18°C. Also, to determine the effects of basil essential oil and acetic acid on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium to produce safe and healthy chicken sausage. Beside evaluation of microbiological status, physico chemical tests relevant as chicken sausage quality indicators (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid), as well as sensory evaluation of the studied samples were performed. Refrigerated and freezing storage studies revealed that pH, TVN and TBA values of control were significantly higher than basil EO and acetic acid treated samples during storage period. Microbial count of basil EO and acetic acid incorporated chicken sausage samples were significantly lower than control and remained well below the permissible limit of fresh chicken meat products. The best effect was at all when adding basil oil 0.3% with acetic acid 2%, where the pH, TVN, TBA and APC values were the lowest on day 15 of storage at 4°C and day 21 of storage at -18°C. The effective combination of basil EO with acetic acid could appear as an attractive alternative for chicken sausage industry resulted in improving microbial safety and extending the shelf-life during refrigeration (4°C) and freezing storage (-18°C). So, the previously mentioned EO and organic acid can be used for chicken sausage preservation as efficient, safe, and cost-effective preservatives.

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Osman, A. A., I. Ap Dewi, F. Z. Swidan, and H. M. Omed. "Nutritional evaluation of poultry litter treated with acids incorporated in sheep diet." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1997 (1997): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595751.

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Poultry litter is an economical and safe source of crude protein, minerals and energy for ruminant animals. The aim of this study was to test diets containing poultry litter treated with acids as a component of rations for growing lambs.Four diets were used in this study, a control diet, diet mix containing untreated poultry litter, diet mix containing poultry litter treated with HCl acid and diet mix containing poultry litter treated with acetic acid. The control diet consisted of 48% maize, 40% wheat bran, 10% sun flower seed cake, 1.5% limestone and 0.5% salt. In the other three diets the sun flower seed cake was replaced untreated poultry litter, poultry litter treated with HC1 and poultry litter treated with acetic acid respectively. The diets were manufactured in a commercial feed mill. All ingredients were ground to a maximum size of 6 mm. In the press unit steam was used for pelleting the feed into 8 mm diameter pellets.

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Parajó, J. C., and V. Santos. "Preliminary evaluation of acetic acid-based processes for wood utilization." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 53, no. 1 (January 1995): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02716460.

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Hashizume, Mineo, Suzanne Tobey, Vincent M. Lynch, and Eric V. Anslyn. "Synthesis and Evaluation of a Cyclophane Receptor for Acetic Acid." Supramolecular Chemistry 14, no. 6 (September 1, 2002): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1061027021000052698.

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Parajó, J. C., and V. Santos. "Preliminary evaluation of acetic acid-based processes for wood utilization." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 53, no. 5 (September 1995): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050105.

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Pancapalaga, Wehandaka, Khusnul Khotimah, and Endang Sri Hartati. "Evaluation of Rabbit Skin Gelatin and Preparation of Yogurt using Rabbit Skin Gelatin." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 58, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(58-2)632.

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TThe purpose of this research is to know the quality of rabbit skin gelatin soaked in the concentration of different acetic acid as well as its application in yogurt making. Compared to the use of the Arab Gum and CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) The material used in this study was the rabbit skin type Rex male. The treatment of this research is the immersion of acetic acid with 2 %; 3 %; 4 %; 5 % concentration. The results showed that concentrations of acetic acid solution in the process of soaking of acid extract gave a very significant effect (p < 0.01) toward yield, pH, protein, fat, viscosity, gel strength, the melting point of rabbit skin gelatin. Application of rabbit skin gelatin on yogurt making gives better yogurt quality compared with the addition of Arabic Gum or CMC. The results showed that the various stabilizers in the yogurt-making process give significant effect (p < 0.01) to the resulting pH, The power of the water belt, Synergized, Viscosities of yogurt. However, the various stabilizers in the yogurt-making process give a non-significant effect (p > 0.05) to the resulting acidity of yogurt. The conclusion to immersion acetic acid with a concentration of up to 5% will improve the quality of the rabbit skin gelatin and the use of rabbit skin gelatin by 0.8 % as a stabilizer in the manufacture of yogurt produces a better-quality yogurt compared to the Arabic Gum and CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose).

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Morita, Takeshi, Kenzo Takeda, and Kazuo Okumura. "Evaluation of clastogenicity of formic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid on cultured mammalian cells." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 240, no. 3 (March 1990): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(90)90058-a.

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WEISSINGER, W. R., K. H. McWATTERS, and L. R. BEUCHAT. "Evaluation of Volatile Chemical Treatments for Lethality to Salmonella on Alfalfa Seeds and Sprouts." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.4.442.

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A study was done to evaluate natural volatile compounds for their ability to kill Salmonella on alfalfa seeds and sprouts. Acetic acid, allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), trans-anethole, carvacrol, cinnamic aldehyde, eugenol, linalool, methyl jasmonate, and thymol were examined for inhibitory and lethal activity against Salmonella by exposing inoculated alfalfa seeds to compounds (1,000 mg/liter of air) for 1, 3, and 7 h at 60°C. Only acetic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, and thymol caused significant reductions in Salmonella populations (>3 log10 CFU/g) compared with the control (1.9 log10 CFU/g) after treatment for 7 h. Treatment of seeds at 50°C for 12 h with acetic acid (100 and 300 mg/liter of air) and thymol or cinnamic aldehyde (600 mg/liter of air) significantly reduced Salmonella populations on seeds (>1.7 log10 CFU/g) without affecting germination percentage. Treatment of seeds at 50°C with AIT (100 and 300 mg/liter of air) and cinnamic aldehyde or thymol (200 mg/liter of air) did not significantly reduce populations compared with the control. Seed germination percentage was largely unaffected by treatment with gaseous acetic acid, AIT, cinnamic aldehyde, or thymol for up to 12 h at 50°C. The number of Salmonella on seeds treated at 70°C for 80 min with acetic acid (100 and 300 mg/liter of air), AIT (100 mg/liter of air), and cinnamic aldehyde and thymol (600 mg/liter of air) at water activity (aw) 0.66 was not significantly different than the number inactivated on seeds at aw 0.49. Acetic acid at 200 and 500 mg/liter of air reduced an initial population of 7.50 log10 CFU/g of alfalfa sprouts by 2.33 and 5.72 log10 CFU/g, respectively, within 4 days at 10°C, whereas AIT at 200 and 500 mg/liter of air reduced populations to undetectable levels; however, both treatments caused deterioration in sensory quality. Treatment of sprouts with 1 or 2 mg of AIT per liter of air adversely affected sensory quality but did not reduce Salmonella populations after 11 days of exposure at 10°C.

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Ivanauskas, Liudas, Valdas Jakštas, Jolita Radušienė, Audronis Lukošius, and Algirdas Baranauskas. "Evaluation of phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids in the crude drugs." Medicina 44, no. 1 (December 10, 2007): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44010008.

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Phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids have an important biological activity and are therapeutic agents of crude drugs. Development of validated analysis techniques of these phytotherapeutic agents (fingerprinting and assay procedures) is an important practice for efficacy, safety, and quality control of herbal drug preparations. The aim of the present work was to study analytical capabilities of the evaluation of selected phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic) acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillic acid, and vanillin. Optimization and validation procedures of rapid and simple method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were carried out. The mobile phase of the optimized chromatographic method consisted of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid solvent in water. For the application of method, two kinds of raw materials were chosen: propolis and the Herba Origani. Coumaric acid is the dominating phenolic acid of propolis (2785 mg/g). Results of analysis of Herba Origani demonstrated high quantities (6376 mg/g) of rosmarinic and protocatechuic (1485 mg/g) acids in the samples.

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Li, Dally, Lia Gja, N'guessan A, Aka Any-Grah, Tuo A, N'guessan C, and Koffi Aa. "POLOXAMER 407 GEL FOR TOPICAL ADMINISTRATION: INFLUENCE OF ACETIC ACID AND DEMINERALIZED WATER ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE GEL OBTAINED." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i6.2019.803.

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Background: Poloxamers are low-toxicity copolymers whose aqueous solutions can pass reversibly from the ground state to the gel state at temperatures approaching body temperature, which is of interest for their use as a reservoir system of active principle. Understand the effect of the type of solvent on the rheological characteristics of the gel obtained. Methods: Various formulations of Poloxamer 407 gel at 16% and 17,5% were prepared and evaluated successively in acetic acid and demineralised water. The main evaluation parameters were the gelling temperature (T gel) and the concentration of these different solvents. Results: The T (gel) at 16% F127 in demineralised water and 0.1M acetic acid was 27º ± 0.3 and 17.5% at 25º to 29ºC ± 0.1. in 0.1M and 16 % acetic acid, there is no marked gelation. At 17.5% F127 in acetic acid, gelationwas observed and the Tgel was higher than with F127 in deionized water. Conclusion: The gelation process is favored by increasing the concentration of F127 and is substantially disadvantaged by 0.1M acetic acid.

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Shin, Minhye, Jeong-Won Kim, Bonbin Gu, Sooah Kim, Hojin Kim, Won-Chan Kim, Mee-Ryung Lee, and Soo-Rin Kim. "Comparative Metabolite Profiling of Traditional and Commercial Vinegars in Korea." Metabolites 11, no. 8 (July 24, 2021): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080478.

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Vinegar, composed of various organic acids, amino acids, and volatile compounds, has been newly recognized as a functional food with health benefits. Vinegar is produced through alcoholic fermentation of various raw materials followed by acetic acid fermentation, and detailed processes greatly vary between different vinegar products. This study performed metabolite profiling of various vinegar products using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify metabolites that are specific to vinegar production processes. In particular, seven traditional vinegars that underwent spontaneous and slow alcoholic and acetic acid fermentations were compared to four commercial vinegars that were produced through fast acetic acid fermentation using distilled ethanol. A total of 102 volatile and 78 nonvolatile compounds were detected, and the principal component analysis of metabolites clearly distinguished between the traditional and commercial vinegars. Ten metabolites were identified as specific or significantly different compounds depending on vinegar production processes, most of which had originated from complex microbial metabolism during traditional vinegar fermentation. These process-specific compounds of vinegars may serve as potential biomarkers for fermentation process controls as well as authenticity and quality evaluation.

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Vu, Tran khac. "SYNTHESIS OF NEW QUINAZOLINONE-BASED CONJUGATES AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC EVALUATION." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 59, no. 4 (August 13, 2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/59/4/15624.

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A series of new quinazolione derivatives containing a conjugate sytem 13 a-l were synthesized via a three step-procedure. The first step is the condensation of 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (10) at 160oC for 2 h to afford the intermediate 11 in high yield. This intermediate was then reacted with n-butylamin in acetic acid at 160oC for 14 h to give 12 in 92%. Finally, the reaction of 12 with different aldehydes in acetic acid at 140oC for 14h furnished new conjugates 13a-l in 62-81%. The bioassay results showed that several compounds displayed cytotoxic effect against two cell lines including HepG-2 and SKLu-1 in which 13h exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effect against SKLu-1 with IC50 value of 5.05 µg/mL.

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Rosca, Elena Valentina, Theodora Venera Apostol, Constantin Draghici, Octavian Tudorel Olaru, Laura Ileana Socea, Lucian Iscrulescu, Gabriel Saramet, et al. "Synthesis, characterization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of New Compounds from Oxazol-5(4H)-Ones and 1,2,4-Triazin-6(5H)-Ones Classes." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 3769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7644.

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This paper presents the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds from oxazoles and triazinones classes. Some 2-(4-(4-X-phenylsulfonyl)benzamido)acetic acids were condensed with 4-iodobenzaldehyde in presence of acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, when the new corresponding unsaturated oxazol-5(4H)-one were obtained. Through the reaction of these oxazol-5(4H)-ones with phenylhydrazine, in presence of the acetic acid and sodium acetate, the new heterocyclic compounds from 1,2,4-triazin-6(5H)-ones class were obtained. The structures of synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS) and elemental analysis. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated using the Daphnia magna and Artemia salina bioassays.

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Rosca, Elena Valentina, Theodora Venera Apostol, Constantin Draghici, Octavian Tudorel Olaru, Laura Ileana Socea, Lucian Iscrulescu, Gabriel Saramet, et al. "Synthesis, characterization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of New Compounds from Oxazol-5(4H)-Ones and 1,2,4-Triazin-6(5H)-Ones Classes." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 3769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.70.19.11.7644.

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This paper presents the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds from oxazoles and triazinones classes. Some 2-(4-(4-X-phenylsulfonyl)benzamido)acetic acids were condensed with 4-iodobenzaldehyde in presence of acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, when the new corresponding unsaturated oxazol-5(4H)-one were obtained. Through the reaction of these oxazol-5(4H)-ones with phenylhydrazine, in presence of the acetic acid and sodium acetate, the new heterocyclic compounds from 1,2,4-triazin-6(5H)-ones class were obtained. The structures of synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS) and elemental analysis. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated using the Daphnia magna and Artemia salina bioassays.

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El Baaboua, Aicha, Mohamed El Maadoudi, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Omar Belmehdi, Ayoub Kounnoun, Rajae Zahli, and Jamal Abrini. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Four Organic Acids Used in Chicks Feed to ControlSalmonella typhimurium: Suggestion of Amendment in the Search Standard." International Journal of Microbiology 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7352593.

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Today, the general public has become increasingly aware of salmonellosis problems. Organic acids are known by their antimicrobial potential and commonly used for improving the quality of poultry feed. In this context, the present work evaluated the inhibitory effect of four organic acids, namely, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid, at different levels of contamination bySalmonella typhimurium. The neutralization of these organic acidsin vitroand in the presence of one-day-old chick’s organs was also investigated during the search forSalmonellaserovars in birds as described in the Moroccan standard “NM 08.0.550.” The effect of four organic acids onSalmonella typhimuriumwas testedin vitroand in the presence of chick’s organs at different concentrations set of strain and organic acids tested. The MIC results demonstrated that tartaric acid, citric acid, and acetic acid inhibitedSalmonella typhimuriumat concentrations of 0.312%, 0.625%, and 0.512% for the three levels of strain: 10, 100, and 103 CFU/ml, respectively, while lactic acid and depending on the amount of the strain introduced acts differently: 0.078% for 10 CFU/ml and 0.156% for 100 and 103 CFU/ml. The concentration of 0.04M of Na2HPO4solution has proved,in vitro, in caecums and organs of chicks (in presence of organic acids) that strain introduced, even at low concentrations, can be recovered. The use of additives has beneficial effects inSalmonellacontrol program. However, the present results recommend the amendment ofSalmonellaresearch standard, taking into account the probable presence of organic acids in digestive content of one-day-old chicks.

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Serban, Ecaterina Anca, Ioana Diaconu, Elena Ruse, Georgiana Ileana Badea, Adriana Cuciureanu, and Gheorghe Nechifor. "Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters at the Transport of Indole-3-acetic Acid Through Bulk Liquid Membranes." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 5 (June 15, 2017): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5577.

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Indole-3-acetic acid is a growth phytohormone considered the most important representative of auxin class. This paper presents the assessment of some kinetic parameters in the process of transport of indole-3-acetic acid taking into consideration the kinetic model of consecutive irreversible first order reactions. It was pursued the influence upon the process of parameters such as: feed phase concentration, stripping phase concentration in the presence of two type carriers: tributyl phosphate (TBP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Depending on these transport parameters were calculated kinetics parameters such as: pseudo-first-order apparent membrane entrance and exit rate constants, the maximum flux at the entrance and exit out of the membrane. The highest values of the transport flux is obtained in the presence of carrier trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) at the concentration in the feed phase of 10-4 mol/L indole-3-acetic acid and a concentration of 10--2mol/L NaOH in the stripping phase.

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Lopes, Gisele S., Ralph E. Sturgeon, Patricia Grinberg, and Enea Pagliano. "Evaluation of approaches to the abatement of nitrate interference with photochemical vapor generation." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, no. 12 (2017): 2378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00311k.

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Quantitative photochemical destruction of nitrate in an alkaline hydrazine medium followed by removal of nitrite with sulfamic acid in an acidic medium permits interference-free photochemical vapor generation of dimethylselenide from dilute acetic acid.

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Gupta, Pooja, Sathish Abraham, Aradhana B. Kamble, Archana Satpute, Salil Chaudhari, and Pushpak Ladhe. "In vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of 2% Carbonic Acid and 2% Acetic Acid on Retrieval of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and their Effect on Microhardness of Dentin." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 7 (2016): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1891.

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ABSTRACT Introduction In this in vitro study, the efficacy of 2% carbonic acid and 2% acetic acid on the surface, microhardness of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and dentin after 1 day of setting and 21 days of setting of MTA is measured. Materials and methods Tooth molds were made using 60 single-rooted premolars by slicing them to 4 mm in the mid-root region. White MTA (Angelus) was mixed and packed in the molds. Three experimental groups were formed and exposed to 2% carbonic acid, 2% acetic acid, and saline for 10 minutes on 1 and 21 days of setting respectively. Vickers hardness test of white MTA and dentin was done before and after exposure. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests. Results The results show that 2% acetic acid was significantly effective in reducing the microhardness of white MTA compared to 2% carbonic acid and saline on exposure for 10 minutes. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that 2% acetic acid has maximum efficacy in reducing the surface microhardness of partial and completely set MTA, followed by 2% carbonic acid. Clinical significance The following study will help find an adjunct for retrieval of MTA, which was found difficult with the existing methods. How to cite this article Abraham S, Kamble AB, Gupta P, Satpute A, Chaudhari S, Ladhe P. In vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of 2% Carbonic Acid and 2% Acetic Acid on Retrieval of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and their Effect on Microhardness of Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):568-573.

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Calatayud, J. Martinez, M. C. Pascual Martí, and P. Campíns Falco. "Perchloric acid titrations in an acetic acid medium: indicator evaluation and new screened indicators." Analyst 110, no. 8 (1985): 981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9851000981.

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Deible, R. W., and V. Van Brunt. "Preliminary Evaluation of Alternatives to Distillation for Acetic Acid Recovery from Terephthalic Acid Flowsheets." Separation Science and Technology 25, no. 13-15 (October 1990): 2097–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399008050446.

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Hamonangan Panjaitan, Jabosar Ronggur, and Misri Gozan. "TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF NITROCELLULOSE PRODUCTION FROM PALM OIL EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES." ASEAN Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (November 28, 2021): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v11.18037.

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Nitrocellulose is a cellulose derivative that has many potential applications. Nitrocellulose can bemade through nitration reactions by reacting cellulose and nitric acid at low temperatures. Cellulose can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass such as palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFBs). In this study, techno-economic evaluation of nitrocellulose production from POEFBs was investigated with various types of alkaline and acid pretreatments. Pretreatment of POEFBs with alkaline and acid was used to purify cellulose fraction as raw material for nitrocellulose. The combination process of POEFBs pretreatment with alkaline and acid can be classified into 4 process routes such as ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1), ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid pretreatment (Route-2), sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-3), and sodium hydroxide and acetic acid pretreatment (Route-4). The results showed that ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1) was the most profitable route to produce nitrocellulose. Economic parameter values such as return of investment (ROI), payback period (PBP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) from ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1) were 11.49%, 5.85 years, US$ 442,427 and 13.35%.

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KIMAKURA, Hidetoshi, Youko MIKI, Hideaki FUJII, Kazuyo FUJIMURA, and Rei TAKAHASHI. "Evaluation of acetic acid/ethanol fixative in blood-containing cytological specimens." Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology 51, no. 5 (2012): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5795/jjscc.51.380.

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Yamada, Masahiro, Misato Tanabashi, Keishi Yamasaki, Kazuaki Taguchi, Fumitoshi Hirayama, Hakaru Seo, and Junko Morioka. "Evaluation of Storage Stability of Acetic Acid Ointments as Hospital Preparations." Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 47, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.47.171.

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Naik, Nagaraja, Honnaiah Vijay Kumar, and Salakatte Thammaiah Harini. "Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of novel indole-3-acetic acid analogues." European Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.2.3.337-341.363.

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BUCOLO, CLAUDIO, and ANGELO SPADARO. "Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Pyrrole-Acetic Acid Derivative Eye Drops." Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 13, no. 4 (August 1997): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jop.1997.13.353.

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Sanad, Ahmad Sameer, Emad Mousa Ibrahim, and Wafaey Gomaa. "Evaluation of Cervical Biopsies Guided by Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 18, no. 1 (January 2014): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lgt.0b013e31828ce581.

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Jameson, Michael B., and Michelle Head. "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of vadimezan (ASA404, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid, DMXAA)." Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 7, no. 10 (August 26, 2011): 1315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2011.614389.

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TALLUR, PREETI N., VINAYAK M. NAIK, PRAGASAM ANTONY, and VIPUL V. NAIK. "Characteristic evaluation of adsorption efficiency of activated wood charcoals in adsorbing acetic acid." Journal of Ultra Chemistry 16, no. 6 (November 10, 2020): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/juc/160602.

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Activated wood charcoal (Carbonized) acts as an excellent adsorbent and it finds wide applications. The present study was carried on four different activated wood charcoals Salix (Sac), Pinus (Pac), Anacardium occidentale (AOac) and Calophyllum inophyllum (CIac) found in Karwar district, Karnataka, India. The activated charcoal was prepared by carbonizing in a muffle-furnace at 800 0 C and the yield of carbonized carbon was about 50%. SEM morphology and EDX spectrum indicates the homogeneity and purity of the activated wood charcoals containing 65-86% carbon to that of commercial charcoal (89% C) and hydrogen is absent. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms are well-correlated and verified. The regressive coefficient (R2 ) of isotherms recorded a higher value above 0.92 which proves the homogeneous and even adsorption phenomenon by the activated wood charcoals. Sac and AOac recorded highest percentage of removal of acetic acid of about 40-60% and 20-26% with Cac (20-25%) where Pac and CIac recorded 17-23% which is relatively near to the commercially activated charcoal(Cac). On comparison of relative percentage of removal of acetic by activated wood charcoals with commercial charcoal, the activated wood charcoals serve as an efficient adsorbent for acetic acid. The cost and availability of the wood is cheaper.

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K.D.P.P. Gunathilake. "Development of Low Cost Coconut Water Vinegar Making Process and Evaluation of “Generator Process” to Accelerate the Acetification." CORD 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v27i1.122.

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Attempts were made to develop an appropriate low cost vinegar making technique and evaluate the physico-chemical, microbial and sensory qualities of the product. Coconut water was adjusted to four different levels of sugar levels (12%, 15%, 17%, and 20%) and pasteurized sweetened coconut water was allowed for alcoholic fermentation for one week by addition of baker’s yeast and then for acetic fermentation by addition of raw vinegar at 10%. Changes in alcohol %, titratable acidity, pH and yeast and mold count were determined periodically. Best treatment was selected for evaluation of the vinegar generator. Vinegar generator consists of a feeding device, an acetifier and a receiving trough. The acetifier was filled up with maize cobs soaked with mother vinegar. The maximum alcohol content was observed in 170 TSS coconut water sample on 5th day (9%) of alcohol fermentation and the same sample achieved the highest acetic acid level during acetic fermentation period. Results indicated that vinegar generator accelerates the conversion of alcohol to acetic acid within 5 cycles or runs. It takes about 32 hours to obtain the 4% acetic level. Sensory evaluation was done to determine the acceptability of product using 30 untrained panelists. Sensory evaluation revealed that coconut toddy vinegar and coconut water vinegar were highly acceptable for aroma, taste, color, appearance and overall acceptability. Mature coconut water can be used to produce vinegar with the aid of vinegar generator for accelerating the production process.

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Ben Brahim, Raoua, Hasna Ellouzi, Khaoula Fouzai, Nedra Asses, Mohammed Neffati, Jean Marc Sabatier, Philippe Bulet, and Imed Regaya. "Optimized Chemical Extraction Methods of Antimicrobial Peptides from Roots and Leaves of Extremophilic Plants: Anthyllis sericea and Astragalus armatus Collected from the Tunisian Desert." Antibiotics 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2022): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101302.

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Extraction methods depend mainly on the chemical nature of the extracted molecule. For these reasons, the selection of the extraction medium is a vital part of obtaining these molecules. The extraction of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from extremophile plants is important because of its potential pharmaceutical applications. This work focused on the evaluation of several solvents for the extraction of AMPs from the following two extremophile plants: Astragalus armatus and Anthyllis sericea from southern Tunisia. In order to identify the most efficient solvents and extraction solutions, we used sulfuric acid, dichloromethane, phosphate buffer, acetic acid and sodium acetate, and we tested them on leaves and roots of both the studied plants. The extracts obtained using sulfuric acid, dichloromethane and phosphate buffer extraction did not show any antimicrobial activity, whereas the acetic acid and sodium acetate extracts led to growth inhibition of some of the tested bacterial strains. The extracts of leaves and roots of An. sericea and As. armatus obtained by acetic acid and sodium acetate were proven to be active against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the most appropriate solvents to use for antimicrobial peptide extraction from both plants are acetic acid and sodium acetate.

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Bepary, Sukumar, Bishyajit Kumar Biswas, Prosenjit Ghosh, Md Aminul Haque, and Tran Quang De. "N-acetylation of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with Acetic Acid for Evaluation of Antifungal Activity and In Silico Analysis." Journal of Molecular Docking 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jmd.v1i2.3142.

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Acetamides (S30A1 and S30) were synthesized from benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine and 6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine by direct use of acetic acid instead of acetylating agents. The usual acetylating agents, acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride are very unstable especially because of their high sensitivity to environmental moisture. Thus, acetylation by direct use of acetic acid was searched as an alternative approach for synthesizing acetanilides. In this study, acetamides were synthesized with a yield of 88% and 82% respectively. The synthesized compounds were then screened for antifungal activity. At a concentration of 300 µg/disc, S30A1 showed 18 mm, 28 mm, 20 mm, and 16 mm zone of inhibitions against Penicillium notatum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The standard miconazole was used at 50 µg/disc concentration. An in silico analysis was done for the possible binding modes in the C. albicans N-myristoyltransferase enzyme.

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Kumari, Ankita, Neha Singh, Shaila Mitra, and Reena Srivastav. "Comparative evaluation of test characteristics of acetic acid, lugol’s iodine and toluidine blue stains in cervical cancer screening." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 11 (October 28, 2017): 4857. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174627.

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Background: Cervical cancer rank second in female cancer and India alone account for one fourth of the global cervical cancer burden. The study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of acetic acid (3%), lugol’s iodine and toluidine blue (1%) in detection of abnormal cervical lesions.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur over a period of one year from July 2016 to June 2017. The study included 200 women in age group 20-60 years with signs and symptoms suspicious of abnormal cervical lesion. The cases were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination, Pap smear, Visual inspection test, colposcopy followed by cervical biopsy.Results: Out of total 200 patients, 114 patients had acetowhite area on VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) test, 113 were VILI (visual inspection with lugol’s iodine) positive and 107 women stained positive with Toluidine blue but only 88 showed biopsy proven pre-invasive and invasive lesions. So, sensitivity of acetic acid, lugol’s iodine and Toluidine blue was 81.8%, 84.09% and 90.9% respectively. Similarly, the specificity of the three stains were 62.5%, 65.17% and 75.8% respectively.Conclusions: Toluidine blue (1%) has proved to be significantly more sensitive and specific stain as compared to acetic acid (3%) and lugol’s iodine (50% dilution) in diagnosing pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer. Hence, it may aid as an important tool in screening and treating precancerous and cancerous lesions.

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Kamal, Ahmed, Abdul Rahim, Sd Riyaz, Y. Poornachandra, Moku Balakrishna, C. Ganesh Kumar, Syed Mohammed Ali Hussaini, B. Sridhar, and Pavan Kumar Machiraju. "Regioselective synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and theoretical studies of 2-styryl quinolines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 5 (2015): 1347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02277g.

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Abstract:

2-Styryl quinolines have been synthesized regioselectively from 2-methyl-quinoline using NaOAc in water acetic acid binary solvents and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.

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Gupta, Arun K., Jyoti Pandey, and Arshad Ali. "SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME NEW 2-(5-(4-BENZAMIDOBENZYLIDENE)-2,4DIOXOTHIAZOLIDIN-3-YL)ACETIC ACID ANALOGS AS ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.12073.

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ABSTRACTObjective: Aldose reductase (ALR) enzyme plays a significant role in conversion of excess amount of glucose into sorbitol in diabetic condition,inhibitors of which decrease the secondary complication of diabetes mellitus. Scarce treatment of diabetic complications has motivated our interestfor the search of new aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) endowed with more favorable biological properties.Methods: Newer (4-(benzamidobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid derivatives were synthesized, and these compound wereevaluated for their ARI and antidiabetic activity.Results: ARI activity of synthesized compounds was found in the range of 57.8-71.9% at 5µg/mL. Similarly, synthesized compounds decrease bloodglucose level in the range of 64.4-70.5 mg/dl at 15 mg/kg body weight.Conclusion: (E)-2-(5-(4-(substituted benzamido)benzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid analogs shows comparable ARI as well asantidiabetic activity. These new class of compounds might be address the diabetic complications with safety.Keywords: Aldose reductase inhibitors, Diabetes mellitus, N-acetic acid-2,4-thiazolidinediones.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Acetic acid Evaluation'

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