Relevant bibliographies by topics / Acetic acid Evaluation

Academic literature on the topic 'Acetic acid Evaluation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Acetic acid Evaluation"

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Chen, Yuanhang, Zhenyun Yan, Long Liang, Miao Ran, Ting Wu, Baobin Wang, Xiuxiu Zou, Mengke Zhao, Guigan Fang, and Kuizhong Shen. "Comparative Evaluation of Organic Acid Pretreatment of Eucalyptus for Kraft Dissolving Pulp Production." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020361.

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Pretreatment is an essential process for the extensive utilization of lignocellulose materials. The effect of four common organic acid pretreatments for Kraft dissolving pulp production was comparatively investigated. It was found that under acidic conditions, hemicellulose can be effectively removed and more reducing sugars can be recovered. During acetic acid pretreatment, lignin that was dissolved in acetic acid could form a lignin-related film which would alleviate cellulose hydrolysis, while other organic acids caused severe cellulose degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to characterize the pretreated chips in the process. Lignin droplets were attached to the surface of the treated wood chips according to the SEM results. The FTIR spectrum showed that the lignin peak signal becomes stronger, and the hemicellulose peak signal becomes weaker with acid pretreatment. The XRD spectrum demonstrated that the crystallinity index of the wood chips increased. The acetic acid pretreatment process-assisted Kraft process achieved higher yield (31.66%) and higher α-cellulose (98.28%) than any other organic acid pretreatment. Furthermore, extensive utilization of biomass was evaluated with the acetic acid pretreatment-assisted Kraft process. 43.8% polysaccharide (12.14% reducing sugar and 31.66% dissolving pulp) and 22.24% lignin (0.29% acetic acid lignin and 21.95% sulfate lignin) were recovered during the process. Biomass utilization could reach 66.04%. Acetic acid pretreatment is a promising process for extensive biomass utilization.
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Abhi Garg, Abhi Garg, and Manoj Sharma. "Evaluation of Phosphate Solubilizing Activity and Indole Acetic Acid Production of Rhizobia." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/113.

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Saïed, Noura, and Mohammed Aider. "Zeta Potential and Turbidimetry Analyzes for the Evaluation of Chitosan/Phytic Acid Complex Formation." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 2 (February 16, 2014): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n2p71.

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<p>The aim of this work was to study the possible complex formation between chitosan and phytic acid. Zeta potential and turbidity measurements were used as a basis to confirm the possible complex between these two molecules. The obtained results showed that chitosan at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) were soluble in 0.1% acetic acid solution. This concentration of the acetic acid was the lowest that allows chitosan to dissolve. A positive surface charge of chitosan was recorded in the pH interval from 1 to 7. The highest zeta potential values were obtained at pH &lt; 5 and decreased significantly at pH 6 and 7. Regarding phytic acid, it was soluble in deionized water and acetic acid whatever the concentration of the acetic acid and in the entire pH range 2-10. Phytic acid had negative surface charge in deionized water and in 0.1% acetic acid, but was slightly positively charged in 5% acetic acid solution. The solubility of chitosan was decreased by the presence of phytic acid. The formation of chitosan/phytic acid complex as monitored by measuring the zeta potential does not allow us to conclude that the formation of this complex is possible.</p>
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Xu, Huiling, Jong Hyoung Hong, Dabin Kim, Young Hun Jin, Alixander Mattay Pawluk, and Jae-Hyung Mah. "Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidative Activity of Fermented Green Tea Produced via One- and Two-Step Fermentation." Antioxidants 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081425.

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This study investigated the influence of one- and two-step fermentation on bioactive compound production in fermented green tea, i.e., one-step fermented green tea (OFG) and two-step fermented green tea (TFG). One-step fermentation entailed acetic acid fermentation, while two-step fermentation consisted of lactic acid fermentation followed by acetic acid fermentation. Acetobacter pasteurianus PCH 325, isolated from an over-ripened peach, was selected for acetic acid fermentation based on its growth and organic acid production characteristics. Acetic acid fermentation conditions were optimized for one- and two-step fermentation: 3% fermentation alcohol for both processes; 8% and 4% sucrose, respectively; and fermentation at 25 °C for both processes. For lactic acid fermentation of TFG, the inoculum and optimized conditions reported previously were used. Under the optimized conditions, the acetic acid content in OFG and TFG increased 21.20- and 29.51-fold, respectively. Furthermore, through two-step fermentation, γ-aminobutyric acid and lactic acid were produced up to 31.49 ± 1.17 mg/L and 243.44 ± 58.15 mg/L, respectively, which together with acetic acid could contribute to the higher DPPH scavenging activity of TFG. This study suggests that two-step fermentation may be a valuable strategy in industry for raising the amount of acetic acid and/or providing additional bioactive compounds.
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O. O., Eniolorunda, Apata E. S., Ogunlesi O. E., and Okubanjo A. O. "Quality Evaluation of Beef Preserved With Food Grade Organic Acids at Room Temperature." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 5 (July 29, 2014): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n5p120.

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<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three common food grade organic acids – citric, acetic and ascorbic on quality properties of fresh beef preserved for 14 days. 1 kg of fresh beef (thigh muscle) of White Fulani cow was purchased at Ayetoro market in Yewa North local government Area of Ogun State and was divided into 4 equal parts of 250 g per treatment replicated three times. The acids were purchased at Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO) Lagos. 5% each of the organic acid was prepared and constituted an experimental treatment, freezing was used as control. Thus: T1 = Freezing (control), T2 = Citric acid, T3 = Acetic acid, T4 = Ascorbic acid. 10ml of each organic acid solution was injected into 250 g fresh beef with a needle and syringe and immersed in the same solution in covered plastic containers, stored at room temperature (27 ºC).</p> <p>The results showed that most of the physicochemical properties of the preserved beef were better (P &lt; 0.05) in treatment 3, also. Lipid oxidation and microbial values were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the same treatment. However, acceptability of beef in treatment3 was lower (P &lt; 0.05) because colour and flavour scores beef were lower (P &lt; 0.05). It was suggested therefore, that lower concentrations of acetic acid be tested in a separate study to ascertain concentration level that will confer higher colour flavour and acceptability scores on beef since acetic acid favoured almost all tested properties and of preserved beef in this study.</p>
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Almeida-Bezerra, José Weverton, Viviane Bezerra da Silva, Cicero dos Santos Leandro, Natália Barbosa Campos, José Iago Muniz, Maria Haiele Nogueira da Costa, Talina Guedes Ribeiro, et al. "Evaluation of pre-germinative treatments in seeds of Cereus jamacaru DC subsp. jamacaru (Cactaceae)." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): e2139108369. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8369.

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Cereus jamacaru DC subsp. jamacaru (mandacaru) is an endemic species in Brazil belonging to Cactaceae of great ecological importance, as it is a pioneer in the colonization of arid and inhospitable environments, and contributes directly to the food chain for its fruits highly appreciated by fauna. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate, through chemical scarification, the germinative behavior of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru. The cactus seeds were collected in May 2016 in the city of Quixelô-CE-Brazil. The acids used in chemical scarification were acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, propionic acid and sulfuric acid for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The seeds were placed in Petri dishes, and placed to germinate in a B.O.D. with a light/dark cycle of 12 hrs at 30 ºC. Daily readings were performed and analyzed: percentage of germination, Germination Speed ​​Index (GSI) and mean germination time (Tm). The results indicate that acids negatively interfere in seed germination when compared to the control group, mainly acetic and propionic acid, since at the end of the experiment only 8% of the seeds germinated when subjected to acetic acid, and 4% to the propionic. In addition, there was also a significant increase in Tm. Thus, water is the best method of obtaining a higher percentage of germination of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru.
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Rathnayake, Buddhika, Hanna Valkama, Markku Ohenoja, Jasmiina Haverinen, and Riitta L. Keiski. "Evaluation of Nanofiltration Membranes for the Purification of Monosaccharides: Influence of pH, Temperature, and Sulfates on the Solute Retention and Fouling." Membranes 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121210.

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Furfural, acetic acid, and sulfates are found in the hemicellulose (HMC) fraction of lignocellulosic biomass. Separation of furfural, acetic acid, and sulfates from monosaccharides by four nanofiltration (NF) membranes was evaluated with a model solution of glucose, xylose, furfural, acetic acid, and sulfates. Results showed that Alfa Laval NF99HF is the most promising membrane to purify monosaccharides, with the retentions of xylose (85%), glucose (95%), and with the minimum sulfate retention. pH has the highest impact on the retention of all solutes and there is no significant effect of temperature on the retentions of sulphates and acetic acid. Lower pH and temperature are favored to maximize the monosaccharide retention and to remove acetic acid while retaining more furfural with the monosaccharides. Moreover, fouling tendency is maximized at lower pH and higher temperatures. According to the statistical analysis, the retentions of glucose, xylose, furfural, sulfates, and acetic acid are 95%, 90%, 20%, 88%, and 0%, respectively at pH 3 and 25 °C. The presence of sulfates favors the separation of acetic acid and furfural from monosaccharides.
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Bhattachan, Kabin, Ganesh Dangal, Aruna Karki, Hema Kumari Pradhan, Ranjana Shrestha, Sharmila Parajuli, Rekah Poudel, Nishma Bajracharya, and Kenusha Tiwari. "Evaluation of Abnormal Cervix with Visual Inspection under Acetic Acid and Colposcopy." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 01 (April 28, 2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i01.1809.

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Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem especially in developing countries. It can be prevented through implementation of routine screening program. There are different screening methods but their efficacy are still questionable. So the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy to detect precancerous lesion in women with clinically unhealthy or abnormal cervix.Methods: Forty patients with abnormal cervix (35) and abnormal pap smear results (5) were enrolled for the study in outpatient department of Kathmandu Model Hospital. Patients were evaluated with visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy in the same sitting. Cervical punch biopsy were taken from suspected lesion or from four quadrant if colposcopy findings were normal and sent for histopathological examination. The finding of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were correlated with histopathological finding and compared with each other.Results: The age of participants ranged from 24 to 68 years with mean age of 38.17 years and mean parity of 2.25. visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were positive in eight (20%) and ten (25%) respectively. There were five (12.5%) cases of histopathologically proven lesion. The sensitivity of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were 80% and 100 % respectively and that of specificity were 88.5% and 85.5%.Conclusions: visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid is an effective screening tool with comparable sensitivity and specificity. It can be used as alternative screening methods especially in low income resource countries where the burden of disease is high.Keywords: Cervical cancer; Colposcopy; screening; VIA.
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Aggrey, Anderson, Peter Dare, Robert Lei, and Daniel Gapes. "Evaluation of a two-stage hydrothermal process for enhancing acetic acid production using municipal biosolids." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.848.

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A two-stage hydrothermal process aimed at improving acetic acid production using municipal biosolids was evaluated against thermal hydrolysis and conventional wet oxidation process in a 600 ml Parr batch reactor. Thermal hydrolysis was conducted at 140 °C, wet oxidation at 220 °C and the two-stage process, which acted as a series combination of thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation, at 220 °C. Initial pressure of 1 MPa was maintained in all the three processes. The results indicated that the highest acetic acid production of up to 58 mg/g dry solids feed was achieved in the wet oxidation process followed by the two-stage process with 36 mg/g dry solids feed and 1.8 mg/g dry solids feed for thermal hydrolysis. The acetic acid yield obtained by the thermal processes increased from 0.4% in the thermal hydrolysis process to 12% during the single stage wet oxidation, with the two-stage process achieving 8%. The purity of the acetic acid improved from 1% in thermal hydrolysis to 38% in the wet oxidation process. The two-stage process achieved acetic acid purity of 25%. This work demonstrated no enhancement of acetic acid production by the two-stage concept compared with the single stage wet oxidation process. This is in contrast to similar work by other researchers, investigated on carbohydrate biomass and vegetable wastes using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. However, the data obtained revealed that substrate specificity, reaction severity or oxidant type is clearly important in promoting reaction mechanisms which support enhanced acetic acid production using municipal biosolids.
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Shrestha, Bigya, Karishma Malla Vaidya, and Rijuta Joshi. "Evaluation of Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid and Liquid Based in Cervical Cancer Screening with Cervical Biopsy." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.1674.

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Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries. Cervical cancer generally develops slowly over a period of 10-15 years. Incidence and mortality related to cervical cancer both have declining in developed countries because of effective screening programs through Papanicolaou smear. Therefore, cervical cancer can be prevented through implementation of different methods of screening programs like visual inspection of cervix with application of acetic acid visual inspection with acetic acid, liquid based cytology and human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of visual inspection with Acetic Acid with liquid based cytology in cervical cancer screening taking cervical biopsy as a gold standard. Methods: The study was conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu. One hundred forty four patients underwent visual inspection with acetic acid and liquid based cytology test followed by biopsy for confirmation of the lesion, when required. Data were obtained and statistically analyzed. Results: Out of 144 screened patients, 62 (43.05%) were positive in visual inspection with acetic acid test. Eighteen (12.5%) cases were positive in liquid based cytology. Thirteen women were positive with both tests. Thirty-nine cases underwent histopathological examination including 13 cases who were positive in both tests. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for visual inspection with acetic acid was 81.25%, 65.22%, 61.90% and 83.33%, whereas for liquid based cytology it was 100%, 91.30%, 88.89% and 94.87% respectively. Conclusions: Liquid based cytology was more efficacious to diagnose atypical cells with higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison to that of visual Inspection with Acetic Acid test. Keywords: Cervical cancer; liquid based cytology; visual inspection with acetic acid
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acetic acid Evaluation"

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Goodrich, Laurie Ruth. "Evaluation of the toxic effects of eltenac (4-((2,6-dichlorophenyl) amino)-3-thiophene acetic acid), a nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug, in horses." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063133/.

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Liaw, Joshua Dong Xiong. "Evaluation of Corn Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles as a Functional Material to Replace Synthetic Resin in Wood Particleboards." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31622.

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Corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is mostly marketed as a livestock feed due to its high protein content of 30%. Recently, the proteins in DDGS have shown potential to act as binding agents along with melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin. However, it is unknown if DDGS can be chemically functionalized as a natural binder to replace synthetic resin in particleboard. In this study, several formulations were tested using various concentrations of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide treatments with combinations of temperature, DDGS concentrations, particle sizes, and wax. FTIR results indicated that DDGS proteins were decoupled through acid or alkali treatments, and acid treated DDGS in particleboards displayed higher improvements in internal bond strength as well as the moisture resistance of the particleboards. These results suggest that acid or alkali treated DDGS has potential to act as a natural binder for manufacturing medium-density particleboard.
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Liaw, Joshua Dong Xiong. "Evaluation of Corn Distiller?s Dried Grains with Solubles as a Functional Material to Replace Synthetic Resin in Wood Particleboards." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31622.

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Corn distiller?s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is mostly marketed as a livestock feed due to its high protein content of 30%. Recently, the proteins in DDGS have shown potential to act as binding agents along with melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin. However, it is unknown if DDGS can be chemically functionalized as a natural binder to replace synthetic resin in particleboard. In this study, several formulations were tested using various concentrations of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide treatments with combinations of temperature, DDGS concentrations, particle sizes, and wax. FTIR results indicated that DDGS proteins were decoupled through acid or alkali treatments, and acid treated DDGS in particleboards displayed higher improvements in internal bond strength as well as the moisture resistance of the particleboards. These results suggest that acid or alkali treated DDGS has potential to act as a natural binder for manufacturing medium-density particleboard.
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Osen, Tharalinee [Verfasser], Rudi F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Vogel, Peter [Gutachter] Köhler, and Rudi F. [Gutachter] Vogel. "Evaluation of levan-producing acetic acid bacteria for their potential in gluten-free baking applications / Tharalinee Osen ; Gutachter: Peter Köhler, Rudi F. Vogel ; Betreuer: Rudi F. Vogel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163728691/34.

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Huang, YU-Ching, and 黃鈺晴. "Polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite with oleic acid regulation using glacial acetic acid as solvent: Evaluation of characterization and bioactivity." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70255632552007360110.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
口腔科學研究所
103
PCL has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and excellent mechanical properties, and combination with hydroxylapatite used in tissue engineering scaffolds produced. Preparation of scaffolds often using chloroform, methylene chloride as a solvent, the above substances are among the toxic chemicals harmful to humans. On the other hand, the organic solvent is easy to induce hydroxylapatite particles agglutination in membrane and mechanical properties of membrane was reduced. Therefore, the present study using solvent casting method combined with oleic acid added prepared PCL-OA-HA membranes, investigate the effect of changing the solvent properties of membranes found acetic acid as a solvent prepared PCL-OA-HA (HAc) similar to the surface properties of the composite membrane prepared with solvent 1,4 dioxane as the PCL-OA-HA (1,4-dioxane) membranes. It can be observed that the shape and extent of surface apatite exposed somewhat differences. After soaking simulated body fluid (SBF) was immersed seven days. PCL-OA-HA (HAc) membrane surface have needle hydroxylapatite layer formation. Biocompatibility assessment showed that PCL-OA-HA (HAc) membrane is higher than the PCL-OA-HA (1,4-dioxane) membranes. membrane inference is not entirely within the volatile solvent (1,4 dioxane) decreased cell survival. Mineralized surface layer membrane formation and evenness and alkali concentration and treatment time related. From the above findings, PCL-OA-HA (HAc) composite membranes can provide a good biological activity, with a uniform layer of mineralization to produce dense, hard bone regeneration and improve osseointegration the ability to guide the future application can be used as a hard bone tissue regeneration and repair that regard.
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Rodrigues, Andreia Dóris Pedras. "Functional characterization of purified vacuoles and evaluation of their role in yeast apoptosis induced by acetic acid." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/35187.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Genética Molecular
The vacuole is the largest organelle of yeast cells and is functionally equivalent to animal lysosome and plant vacuole. Vacuoles are the most acidic organelles of the cell, and play major roles in protein degradation, ion and metabolite storage, as well as in ion homeostasis, response to nutrient deprivation, osmotic and ionic stress, autophagy and even in apoptosis. Lysosome membrane permeabilization and the consequent release of lysosomal proteases, namely cathepsins, are now widely accepted to trigger apoptosis. Of all lysosomal cathepsins, the aspartic cathepsin D was the first identified protein with apoptogenic properties. Acetic acid was shown to induce apoptosis in yeast, associated with changes in mitochondria and release of pro-apoptotic proteins. Pep4p, a vacuolar yeast protease orthologue of the lysosomal human cathepsin D was also shown to be involved in acetic acid-induced apoptosis. The ultimate objective of the present study was to contribute to the understanding of the crosstalk between the vacuole and mitochondria in yeast programmed cell death induced by acetic acid. For these purposes the effect of acetic acid in isolated vacuoles and whole cells with different genetic backgrounds, namely on vacuole membrane permeabilization as well on the release of Pep4p and their relation with alterations in vacuole function, was investigated. The functional characterization of isolated vacuoles as well the effect of acetic acid on vacuolar function was monitored with fluorescent probes combined with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Functional characterization of isolated vacuoles was also monitored through the activity of V-H+-ATPase by spectrofluorimetry. Epifluorescence microscopy imaging showed that the vacuolar membrane stains strongly with the styryl dye FM1-43 and that most of the vacuoles accumulate Ca2+, as assessed with Fluo-4 AM. Flow cytometry analysis of vacuole samples incubated with these fluorescent probes confirmed a well-defined population of intact and functional vacuoles. Consistently spectrofluorimetric assays with the pH-sensitive probe ACMA suggested that the isolated vacuoles were intact and functional, the vacuolar membrane being able to generate and maintain a pH gradient through a concanamycin A-sensitive V-H+-ATPase. The addition of acetic acid induced the release from the vacuole lumen of an EGFP-Pep4p fusion protein. Changes in fluorescence of vacuoles stained with acridine orange and Fluo-4 AM suggest that the acid induces a transient perturbation of vacuolar pH and Ca2+ release. It has been described that release of Ca2+ is an event involved in cell death, as well as the release of H+ and consequent cytosol acidification. The main novelty of the present study with isolated vacuoles is the finding that acetic acid is able to directly induce a partial permeabilization of the vacuolar membrane, similar to LMP in mammalian cells, without the involvement of other organelles or triggering upstream pathways.
O vacúolo é o maior organelo da levedura e é funcionalmente equivalente ao lisossoma das células animais e ao vacúolo das células vegetais. Este organelo, cujo lúmen tem o pH mais ácido, participa em processos celulares importantes tais como degradação proteica e armazenamento de iões e metabolitos, bem como na homeostase iónica, resposta à privação de nutrientes, stress osmótico e iónico, autofagia e mesmo na apoptose. Sabe-se que a permeabilização da membrana lisossomal (LMP) e a consequente libertação de proteases lisossomais, nomeadamente de catepsinas, induz apoptose. De todas as proteases lisossomais, a catepsina D foi a primeira proteína a ser identificada com propriedades apoptóticas. Foi demonstrado que o ácido acético induz apoptose em leveduras, associada a alterações mitocondriais e à libertação de proteínas pró-apoptóticas. Foi igualmente demonstrado que a protease vacuolar Pep4p, ortóloga da catepsina D humana, está envolvida na apoptose induzida por ácido acético. O presente estudo teve como principal objectivo contribuir para a compreensão da interligação entre o vacúolo e a mitocôndria na morte celular programada induzida por ácido acético na levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Para tal foi investigado o efeito do ácido acético em vacúolos isolados e em células inteiras de leveduras com diferentes backgrounds genéticos, nomeadamente no que respeita à permeabilização da membrana vacuolar bem como à libertação de Pep4p e sua relação com alterações nas funções do vacúolos. A caracterização funcional de vacúolos isolados bem como o efeito da adição de ácido acético na função vacuolar foram realizadas por citometria de fluxo e microscopia de fluorescência associada à utilização de diferentes sondas fluorescentes. A caracterização funcional dos vacúolos isolados foi complementada pela determinação da actividade da V-H+-ATPase por espectrofluorimetria. Os estudos de microscopia de fluorescência mostraram uma marcação forte da membrana vacuolar com a sonda lipofílica FM1-43 e que a maioria dos vacúolos acumulavam Ca2+ com base na marcação pela sonda Fluo-4 AM. A análise por citometria de fluxo de amostras de vacúolos incubadas com estas sondas fluorescentes evidenciou uma população bem definida de vacúolos intactos e funcionais. Consistentemente os ensaios de espectrofluorimetria com a sonda ACMA, sensível ao pH, sugeriram que os vacúolos isolados se encontravam intactos e funcionais, dado que a membrana vacuolar era capaz de gerar e manter um gradiente de pH através da actividade da bomba V-H+-ATPase, sensível à concanamicina A. A adição de ácido acético promoveu a libertação da proteína de fusão EGFP-Pep4p em vacúolos isolados e induziu variações de fluorescência de vacúolos marcados com laranja de acridina e com Fluo-4 AM indicativas de uma perturbação transitória do pH vacuolar e de uma libertação de Ca2+. Está descrito que a libertação de Ca2+ e de H+, com a consequente acidificação do citosol, está envolvida na morte celular. Estes novos resultados em vacúolos isolados permitem concluir que o ácido acético é capaz de induzir directamente uma permeabilização parcial da membrana vacuolar, semelhante à LMP em mamíferos, sem o envolvimento de outros organelos ou sem a activação de vias a montante.
This work was supported by the following projects: (PTDC/BIA-BCM/69448/2006) and by PTDC/AGR-ALI/100636/2008
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Tung, Yi-Ting, and 董易庭. "Optimization of culture condition for ACEI and GABA production by lactic acid bacteria, and the evaluation of reducing the risk of hypertension." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52040391310190371339.

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碩士
臺灣大學
微生物與生化學研究所
98
Hypertension is one critical factor of metabolic syndromes. Lactic acid bacteria fermented products show antihypertensive effects by angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and/or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In this study, we prepared NTU 101 fermented milk (101FM) and NTU 102 fermented milk (102FM) which fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 and L. plantarum NTU 102, respectively. To enhance the ACEI activity and GABA concentration in fermented milk, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the optimal culture conditions. The ACEI activity of 101FM increased from 52 mU/mL to 125 mU/mL by following culture conditions: 20% skim milk, initial pH 9.0, and 15% inoculum density. On the other hand, the ACEI activity and GABA concentration of 102FM increased from 33 mU/mL to 93 mU/mL and from 1.58 mg/L to 629 mg/L under the follow conditions: 10% skim milk, 1% monosodium glutamate (MSG), and 34oC culture temperature. Next, 101FM and 102FM were used to investigate the effect on anti-hypertension in spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR). Eight hours after single oral administration of 101FM, the decreased of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 25 mmHg (p<0.001) and 37 mmHg (p<0.01), respectively. Eight weeks after chronic administration, the decreased of SBP and DBP were 23 mmHg (p<0.001) and 32 mmHg (p<0.001), respectively. Eight hours after single oral administration 102FM, the decreased of SBP and DBP were 21 mmHg (p<0.01) and 31 mmHg (p<0.05). Eight weeks after chronic administration, the decreased of SBP and DBP were 19 mmHg (p<0.001) and 30 mmHg (p<0.01) , respectively. By microscopic examination of arota biopsy, 101FM and 102FM both not only can reduce the disorganization of media layer but also is safety for organisms. It can provide the direction such as industrial production in the future study.
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Books on the topic "Acetic acid Evaluation"

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Canada. Pest Management Regulatory Agency., ed. Re-evaluation of the agricultural, forestry, aquatic and industrial site uses of (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D). Ottawa: Pest Management Regulatory Agency, 2007.

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(Producer), World Health Organization, ed. Vol 48 IARC Monographs: Some Flame Retardants and Textile Chemicals and Exposures in the Textile Manufacturing Industry (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to H). World Health Organisation, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Acetic acid Evaluation"

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Minami, K., F. Hirayama, and K. Uekama. "Preparation and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Ester-Type Conjugates of Biphenylyl Acetic Acid and Cyclodextrins as Colon-Targeting Prodrugs." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, 439–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5448-2_97.

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Netam, Ashish Kumar, Jhakeshwar Prasad, Trilochan Satapathy, and Parag Jain. "Evaluation for Toxicity and Improved Therapeutic Effectiveness of Natural Polymer Co-administered Along with Venocin in Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis Using Rat Model." In Advances in Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 207–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6329-4_19.

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"Acetic acid methyl ester." In Toxicological Evaluations, 31–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80074-0_2.

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"Chloro acetic acid methyl ester." In Toxicological Evaluations, 33–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84562-8_4.

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Wei, James. "Random Searches." In Product Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159172.003.0012.

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The reverse search starts from a set of desired properties and asks for substances that possess them. Theoretical knowledge and past experience should be relied upon to suggest where to look, since it is the fastest and least expensive approach. When theoretical knowledge and past experience have been exhausted, then random searches may be the only way to make progress, if the problem is sufficiently important and there is enough budget and patience. Table 7.1 compares some of the requirements and the pros and cons of the guided search and the random search The best strategy on how to spend resources of time and money most efficiently can be considered a problem in operations research, under the topic of “optimal resource allocation.” The best way to use the limited resources of money and time effectively may be a mixed strategy, with some guided and some random searches. Even a random search has to start somewhere. At the beginning, there should be a plan on what territories to cover and how to cover them. The plan can be deterministic, which is completely planned out in advance and executed accordingly. The plan can also be adaptive: after the arrival of each batch of results and preliminary evaluations, the plan would evolve to take advantage of the new information and understanding gained. Even a random search must begin at a starting point and stake out the most promising directions for initial explorations. In most cases, there is a lead compound that has some of the desired properties, but which is deficient in others, and serves as the starting point of the random search to find better compounds in this neighborhood. The historic cases in section 1.2 involve the modification of an existing product, such as vulcanizing raw rubber and adding an acetyl group to salicylic acid. One explores around the lead compound by using small amounts of additives, blending with other material, changing processing conditions and temperature, and changing structure by chemical reactions.
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"DUST-BORNE TRACE GASES AND ODORANTS The analysis of dust-borne trace gases requires their i-solation from the dust particles. Procedures for the isolation and characterization of trace gases and odorants in the dust from pig houses are given by SCHAEFER et al. (29), HAMMOND et al.(30) and TRAVIS and ELLIOTT (31). Alcoholic solvents were found to be effective for the extraction of volatile fatty ac­ ids and phenols from the dust of hen (32) and pig houses (33), (34). Today, gas chromatography is usually used for the sepa­ ration and identification of the trace gases. Table IV gives a literature review of compounds identified in the dust of pig houses. There are only very few reports on investigations on the dust from hen houses (32). Most of the odours coming from livestock production units are associated with the biological degradation of the animal wastes (35), the feed and the body odour of the animals (1). Volatile fatty acids and phenolic compounds were found to con­ tribute mostly to the strong, typical odour of animal houses by the help of sensory evaluations parallel to the chemical analysis (29),(30). Table V gives quantitative values of volatile fatty acids and phenolic/indolic compounds found in the aerosol phase and in settled dust of piggeries, respectively. The results from the aerosol phase coincide, particularly as far as acetic acid is concerned. For the investigations of the settled dust the coefficients of variation (CV) and the relative values (%) characterizing the percentage of the single compounds as part of the total amount are quoted. The values are corrected with the dry matter content of the dust. Main components are acetic acid and p-cresol, respectively. Table VI compares results from air, dust and slurry in­ vestigations on VFA and phenolic/indolic compounds in piggeries. Relative values are used. When comparing the results derived from investigations on dust, air or slurry it is necessary to use relative values because of the different dimensions, for experience shows that in spite of large quantitative differ­ ences between two samples within the group of carboxylic acids and within the group of phenolic/indolic compounds the propor­ tions of the components remain rather stable (36). In the group of VFA acetic acid is the main component in air, dust, and slurry followed by propionic and butyric acid. The other three acids amount to less than 25%. In the group of phenols/ indoles p-cresol is the main component in the four cited in­ vestigations. However, it seems that straw bedding can reduce the p-cresol content; in this case phenol is the main compo­ nent , i nstead (37 ). 4. EMISSION OF DUST-BORNE VFA AND PHENOLS/INDOLES FROM PIGGERIES The investigations of dust from piggeries show that both VFA and phenols/indoles are present in a considerable amount. However, compared to the air-borne emissions calculated on the base of the results of LOGTENBERG and STORK (38) less than the tenth part (1/10) of phenols/indoles and about the hundredth part (1/100) of VFA are emitted by the dust, only. Table VII compares the dust-borne and air-borne emissions of VFA and." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 337. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-131.

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Conference papers on the topic "Acetic acid Evaluation"

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AlDahlan, Mohammed N., Marwa A. Obied, Khalid M. Marshad, Faisal M. Sahman, Ibrahim S. Yami, and Abdullah M. Alhajri. "Evaluation of Synthetic Acid for Wells Stimulation in Carbonate Formations." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172945-ms.

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Abstract Acid treatments of carbonate formations are usually carried out using mineral acid (HCl), organic acids (formic and acetic), mixed acids (HCl-formic, HCl-acetic), or retarded acids. The major challenges when using these acids are their high corrosivity, fast reaction rate and health hazard. The improvement in corrosion inhibitors makes the use of a strong acid as high as 28 wt% HCl possible. The acid reaction rate can be controlled by increasing acid viscosity using gelling agent or emulsifying acid droplets, acid-in-diesel emulsion. While the issues of stimulation acids reaction and corrosion rates are relatively controlled, these acids health hazard rating of 3 by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a major concern. A health hazard rating of three is defined as an extreme danger where short exposure could cause serious injury. An acid replacement chemical that has no or minimum health hazard rating while still has the ability to dissolve carbonate rock would be a major forward step in stimulation technology. This paper presents the results of the study conducted on a synthetic stimulation acid (Syn-A) chemical, with health hazard rating of one and dissolving power similar to 15 wt% hydrochloric acid (HCl). An extensive experimental scheme including: thermal stability, dissolving power, acidity, compatibility, corrosion rate & inhibition and coreflooding on carbonate formation core plugs was conducted. The Syn-A was found to be thermally stable with similar dissolving power to 15 wt% HCl and lower corrosion rate. In addition, the Syn-A developed a breakthrough on core plugs with an average pore volume (PV) of 2.7 and approximately 3 folds increase in permeability.
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Elsheikh, Ellewa Ahmed, Taha Moawad, Ali Alnetaifi, Abdulrahman AlQuraishi, and Yusuf Almutawea. "Evaluation of Organic Acids Implementation in Stimulating Tight Gas Reservoirs: A Case Study on Sarah Sandstone Formation." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200242-ms.

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Abstract Sandstone formations are yet stimulated with mud acid when matrix acidizing is most competent. In terms of high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) conditions, the corrosive impact of hydrochloric (HCl) acid prompted the need to explore other alternatives to mud acid. This study examines the efficiency of organic acids in stimulating Sarah sandstone, a tight gas formation of potential. Two Berea cores were first exploited to investigate the optimum and most efficient injected acid volume. The mineralogy of Sarah formation was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) aided by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Formation mineralogy led to the selection of acetic-HF and oxalic-HF as proper acids for stimulation experiments. Bentonite water-base mud was used to alter the permeability of three fresh Sarah sandstone core samples. The organic-HF acids were used to stimulate two core samples, while mud acid was tested in the third core for comparison. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and SEM were utilized to study the impact of acids on porous media. Experiments conducted in Berea core samples led to the execution of five pore volumes (PV) of preflush and one PV of main treatment as the optimum volume during the acidizing trials. XRD and SEM identified pore-filling clay minerals causing the low permeability of Sarah formation. Furthermore, the water-base mud injected decreased the permeability further by 80%. Oxalic-HF and acetic-HF mixtures recovered the initial permeability of core samples by 46% and 35% respectively. SEM-EDX results showed how organic acids have partially unblocked the pathways of the structural pores leading to permeability enhancement. This research not only recommends the use of oxalic-HF acid for acidizing Sarah sandstone formation but also spotlights the ability of organic acids employment as preflush in hydraulic fracturing operations.
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Mohammed, Jalal Hassan, and Saadon Abdulla Aowda. "The synthesis and biological evaluation of prodrug amide derivatives based on phenylene dioxy di acetic acid." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000138.

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Vargas, Jonathan. "Mechanistic Study of Non Acid Chemistries in the Inhibition of Calcium Naphthenates." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31768-ms.

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Abstract The formation of oilfield calcium naphthenate deposits poses detrimental challenges for flow assurance with occurring blockage of surface equipment, scaling at the wellbore, buildup of calcium naphthenate deposits in water separators, entrapped oil in sludge's, and requiring lengthy periods of shutdown for costly removal in offshore and onshore fields. Oil field treatment of calcium naphthenate deposition is traditionally treated with the use of acid, most commonly acetic acid along with formic acid, glycolic acid, HCl, and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid. Interfacially active chemistries provide an alternative approach to acid chemistries to mitigate the formation of calcium naphthenates with lower treatment rates, non-corrosive properties, and pH independence. This contribution presents the evaluation of three non-acid chemistries as calcium naphthenate inhibitors using a two-step process to select the best performing chemistry and understand the mechanism of inhibition to treat and prevent oilfield calcium naphthenates. Results revealed two mechanistic forms of inhibition, surface active and complexation inhibition with the latter contributing to greater calcium naphthenate inhibition.
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Vargas, Jonathan. "Mechanistic Study of Non Acid Chemistries in the Inhibition of Calcium Naphthenates." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31768-ms.

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Abstract The formation of oilfield calcium naphthenate deposits poses detrimental challenges for flow assurance with occurring blockage of surface equipment, scaling at the wellbore, buildup of calcium naphthenate deposits in water separators, entrapped oil in sludge's, and requiring lengthy periods of shutdown for costly removal in offshore and onshore fields. Oil field treatment of calcium naphthenate deposition is traditionally treated with the use of acid, most commonly acetic acid along with formic acid, glycolic acid, HCl, and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid. Interfacially active chemistries provide an alternative approach to acid chemistries to mitigate the formation of calcium naphthenates with lower treatment rates, non-corrosive properties, and pH independence. This contribution presents the evaluation of three non-acid chemistries as calcium naphthenate inhibitors using a two-step process to select the best performing chemistry and understand the mechanism of inhibition to treat and prevent oilfield calcium naphthenates. Results revealed two mechanistic forms of inhibition, surface active and complexation inhibition with the latter contributing to greater calcium naphthenate inhibition.
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Alhamad, Luai, Basil Alfakher, Abdullah Alrustum, and Sajjad Aldarweesh. "Experimental Results to Design Lactic Acid for Carbonate Acidizing." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207273-ms.

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Abstract Acidizing deep carbonate formations by Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a complex task due to high reaction and corrosion rates. Mixing organic acids with HCl is a typical method to reduce the acid's reactivity and corrosivity. Lactic acid has not been investigated completely in the area of carbonate acidizing. Lactic acid has a dissociation constant similar to formic acid, which is approximately 10 times larger than acetic acid. Therefore, the objective of this work is to compare lactic/HCl blends with plain HCl and formic/HCl blends. Corrosion tests were conducted at high temperature on C-95 steel coupons to investigate associated corrosion damage. Coreflood tests were performed on Indiana limestone cores to mimic matrix acidizing treatment and to investigate amount of pore volumes required to breakthrough. All blends were prepared to be equivalent to 15 wt% (4.4 M) HCl for comparison. Lactic and formic acid concentrations were set to be (0.5 or 1 M), and HCl concentration was calculated as appropriate to reach a blend with strength of 4.4 M. In terms of corrosivity evaluation, blends of lactic and HCl acids showed a corrosion rate of up to 1.97 lb/ft2 at 300°F. The formic and HCl blend showed a corrosion rate of 1.68 lb/ft2 at the same temperature. The difference in corrosion rates between the two mixtures is due to molecular weight difference between lactic and formic acids. When both acids were prepared at 1 M, lactic acid blend required more HCl to be equivalent to 15 wt% HCl acid which was associated with an increase in corrosion rate. Coreflood results established acid efficiency curves for lactic/HCl acid blends. The curves highlighted the correlation between acid-core reactivity, injection rate, and dissolution pattern. Lactic/HCl blend was less reactive than formic/HCl mixture as the last required lower injection rate to obtain optimum pore volume to breakthrough at 300°F. Lactic/HCl blend was able to generate an optimum dissolution pattern as a dominant wormhole was shown on tested core plugs inlet face. This study expands the investigation of lactic acid utilization in carbonate acidizing. Major advantages rendered by using lactic acid with HCl include: (1) favorable dissolution pattern due to lactic acid being less reactive than HCl or formic acids, and (2) less corrosion rates comparing to HCl, that can reduce allocated costs for maintenance and replacements.
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Hossain, Mohammad K., Mohammad R. Karim, Mahmudur R. Chowdhury, Muhammad A. Imam, Mahesh Hosur, Shaik Jeelani, and Ramsis Farag. "Tensile Properties Evaluation of Chemically Treated/Untreated Single Sugarcane Fiber." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65664.

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Natural fiber as a reinforcing constituent can play a dominant role in the field of fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) due to its eco-friendliness, renewability, abundance in nature, co2-neutrality, flexibility, low density, and low cost. Hence, sugarcane fiber can be a potential candidate to replace the synthetic FRPC. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment on the tensile properties of single sugarcane fiber. Sugarcane collected from the local market was cut into some specific length and fibers were extracted from the juicy section. These fibers were then dried in an oven to remove the moisture. Surface modification was accomplished by performing alkali treatment and neutralizing by acetic acid solution. The fiber was then rinsed with water and dried at 80°C for about twenty four hours using an oven. Untreated and treated fibers were characterized using tensile testing according to the ASTM D 3822-01 standard. Optical microscopy (OM) was employed to measure the diameter of the fiber and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the fracture morphology of failed samples. Tensile tests were carried out on the span length of 25 mm of the single fiber. The resultant data showed that maximum improvement in the tensile strength and modulus was observed to be 87% and 29%, respectively, compared to those of untreated ones due to chemical treatments using 5% NaOH solution and 2% acetic acid solution, respectively. Strain to maximum strength was enhanced by about 16% compared to that of the untreated one. A small initial weight loss was observed in the temperature ranging from 25 to 150 °C due to the evaporation of water. However, untreated fiber started to decompose at around 200 °C while treated fiber started to become decomposed at around 250°C. It might be due to the removal of non-cellulosic substances including hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin as a result of the chemical treatment. Fracture morphology of the treated fiber revealed rougher fracture surfaces compared to untreated fiber surfaces. This is an indication of more energy absorption by the treated fibers during the tensile loading.
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Nikalje, Anna Pratima. "Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of 2-(3-(2-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolun-2-YL) Acetamido)-4-OXO-2-Substituted Thiazolidin-5-YL) Acetic Acid Derivatives." In The 18th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-18-c010.

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Maistrenko, Lesia, Olga Iungin, Oleksii Savchuk, and Olena Okhmat. "Collagen matrices from leather industry wastes for biomedical application." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.15.

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Modern biomedical science is challenged to develop new wound healing drugs. The collagen-containing wastes of leather industry could be the rich source of collagen products for further use in biomedical science. The aim of this research was to find the best source of collagen between limed pelt, delimed pelt and fleshings of cattle hides, and to prepare it for the use as a matrix for further microbiological studies. Collagen was extracted with 0.5 M acetic acid and 5 mM EDTA. The purity of the extracted collagen was checked by gel-electophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The rate of growth and crystal violet assay of laboratory strains (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) were used for microbiological evaluation of obtained collagen matrices. The delimed pelt provided the highest concentration of collagen and the greatest volume of collagen products. All obtained collagen products were applicable as matrices for microbial cells growth. The applicability of collagen products from leather industry wastes for biomedical studies in Ukraine was shown.
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Bird, Anastasia, Judith Espinoza-Perez, Karthik Mahadev, and John Sixt. "Stimulation Treatment Design Compatible with Glass Reinforced Epoxy Lining." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208807-ms.

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Abstract Glass reinforced epoxy (GRE) lining is a polymer composite material, the main components of which are a thermosetting resin and a fiberglass reinforcement. The combined properties of its components result in a material with excellent chemical, thermal and mechanical performance. GRE lining is typically used as a coating on production tubulars in oil wells to protect metallurgy of tubulars from corrosive environments, thereby extending the life of tubulars and realizing cost savings. GRE lining is chemically compatible with many acids used in well stimulation to restore productivity. Typical acids such as hydrochloric, formic, acetic etc. involve carbonate removal followed using hydrofluoric (HF) based acids for removal of small formation particles. However, the use of HF is typically not recommended in GRE lined tubulars due to potential interactions with HF. Yet, in most sandstone reservoirs, HF fluids contribute greatly to restoring well productivity due to formation damage removal related to fines and clays. While GRE lining is a well-known technology, its chemical compatibility with acids is challenging to predict due to its heterogenous nature and requires specific testing to understand potential for mechanical degradation. Prior studies at BP focused on evaluation of GRE performance with 9% HCl: 1% HF under ambient boundary conditions of 77°F for 24 hours. These tests caused unacceptable levels of mechanical degradation to GRE and plans to execute stimulation treatments in GRE lined wells were abandoned. However, an increasing number of GRE lined underperforming water injector well stock necessitated a less aggressive acid design involving 0.5% HF. Therefore, 0.5% HF was assessed for GRE lining compatibility, mechanical and physical property changes under specific well boundary conditions at elevated temperatures of 120°F and 140°F and extended times of up to 72 hours. Core flow tests were also carried out to evaluate the effect of GRE exposed acid to any potential for formation damage. This study demonstrated that exposure of GRE lining to 0.5% HF resulted in acceptable retention of mechanical properties and did not show any formation damage impacts. These results were also reflected in field performance where a significant injectivity index improvement of &gt;4 was achieved, thereby opening the door to a significant increase in number of GRE lined wells to be treated across multiple regions.
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Reports on the topic "Acetic acid Evaluation"

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Evaluation of exposure to a hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and acetic acid containing cleaning and disinfection product and symptoms in hospital employees. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201701143357.

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