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Moses, Meshay Lee. "Vote-switching in South Africa: exploring the motivations of voters who switched from the ACDP and COPE to the DA in the 2011 local government election." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4090.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminThis study explores the motivations of voters who chose to switch their vote or support from the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) and the Congress of the People (COPE) to another opposition, the Democratic Alliance (DA) in the 2011 local government election. The study was informed by a qualitative research approach. Accordingly, an interview schedule was utilized as a research tool. This schedule contained questions prepared in order to acquire the necessary insight of voters who previously supported the ACDP and COPE (in the 2009 general elections) and moved to the DA in the 2011 local government election. In addition, interviews were conducted with party representatives from the ACDP and COPE in order to gain further insights into their perceptions of the key reasons for their party’s poor performance in this election. Popkin’s integrated theory is used as a basis to make sense of the behaviour and movement of voters during the 2011 local government election. Popkin (1991) argues that voters utilise low-information rationality or “gut-reasoning” when evaluating political parties, their candidates and the issues they present. As will be shown throughout this thesis, Popkin’s approach, where voters combine various sets of information obtained through daily life, the media and political campaigns, best explains the dynamics in the research findings. Based on the research findings, it appears that Popkin’s approach is the most useful for understanding the reasons for the voter migration to the DA in the 2011 election.
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Lamm, Teresa Renée. "Redox modulation of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACDs) and their ligands in several ACD-analog systems /." Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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Parsons, Tetyana. "In vitro comparison of microabrasion, CPP-ACP, CPP-ACFP and combination therapies on the remineralization of white spot lesions." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2014. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/15.
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Objectives: To determine whether treatment of demineralized enamel white spot lesions with CPP-ACP paste, CPP-ACFP paste or microabrasion technique decreases lesion depth in vitro. Additionally, to determine whether treatment of demineralized enamel white spot lesions with microabrasion technique in combination with CPP-ACP paste or CPP-ACFP paste decreases lesion depth greater than any of the three techniques alone. Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) after the removal of orthodontic appliances remain a problem for clinicians and patients. Previous studies suggest that application of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) may promote enamel remineralization. Recently, microabrasion of enamel was proposed as another treatment modality of white spot lesions. A review of literature showed that there was no comprehensive in vitro study that combined microabrasion, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate for treatment of WSLs. Methods: A total of one hundred and twelve bovine incisor teeth were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups: 1. Control 1 (demineralization control), 2. Control 2 (remineralization solution control), 3. CPP-ACP paste, 4. CPP-ACFP paste, 5. Microabrasion, 6. Microabrasion with CPP- ACP paste, and 7. Microabrasion with CPP-ACFP paste.
Teeth in all groups were placed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to produce artificial caries-like lesions. At the end of the 96 hr period, teeth in Control 1 group were sectioned to establish adequate amount of demineralization. The rest of samples were treated with assigned regimen once a day for 10 days and stored in remineralization solution. At the end of ten days, teeth were sectioned with a hard tissue microtome and observed under polarized microscopy to analyze enamel lesion depth. One-way ANOVA at α=0.05 was performed to assess difference in lesion depth between groups followed with post hoc Tukey's test. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between groups (pConclusions: Based on the results from this study, we can conclude that: (1) treatment of WSLs with CPP-ACP paste, CPP-ACFP paste or microabrasion decreases lesion depth in vitro; (2) microabrasion in combination with CPP-ACP paste or CPP-ACFP paste did not decrease lesion depth greater than that observed with either paste technique alone; (3) both CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP pastes in combination with microabrasion treatments showed greater decrease in lesion depth than microabrasion alone.
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Gruner, Birgit. "ACBP-Isoformen in Digitalis lanata EHRH." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968720803.
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Ležák, Petr. "Testovací implementace protokolu ACP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219478.
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In general this master’s thesis deals with access control methods and their individual modules and in particular with authentication of supplicants. There are listed authentication methods useful in the implementation of the ACP protocol. ACP protocol is also discussed including possibilities and uses. ACP message format is described in detail with AVP format and types. The transaction mechanism is also mentioned here. The main part of the thesis is focused on software design for protocol testing. Possibilities of the testing are discussed and test scenarios are suggested. Consequently, requirements for test software are listed and its implementation is designed. Furthermore, there is technical documentation of the program. The main ideas used in the program are explained in it. The purpose of each part of the program is written including links between them. Finally, there is a manual for the program. It also contains an illustrative example describing how to make and test a simple scenario of the authentication.
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Ojiambo, Colbert. "EU-ACP economic agreements and WTO/GATT compatibility : options for ACP countries under Cotonou Agreement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28400.
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The member states of European Union (EU) and a group of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states are currently negotiating for new trading agreements compatible with World Trade Organization‘s (WTO) rules. Whereas both the EU and the ACP states are in agreement that the new trading arrangements must be WTO compatible, there is no consensus on the format of the new trading agreements. The EU has insisted that the new trading arrangements should be in the form of free trade agreements, established under Article XXIV of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Unlike the previous EU – ACP trade agreements which were non – reciprocal, Article XXIV requires that the new trading agreements should be reciprocal. Consequently the EU has gone ahead to negotiate for reciprocal Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with some of the ACP states. Some ACP countries which are opposed to reciprocity have proposed that the new trading arrangements should be established under the provisions of Enabling Clause. Others have suggested that EU should attempt to apply for a WTO waiver. The Cotonou Agreement, under which the new trading agreements are being negotiated, provides that in case of those countries which are not ready to negotiate for EPAs, the EU should examine alternative possibilities, in order to provide these countries with a new framework for trade which is equivalent to their existing situation and in conformity with WTO rules. So far no alternative trading arrangements have been proposed. Although some ACP countries have agreed to negotiate for Economic Partnership Agreements under article XXIV of GAAT, there is no consensus on the interpretation of key provisions of Article XXIV. Under Article XXIV, the parties are required to remove substantially all trade barriers between themselves within reasonable time. The meaning of the phrases 'substantially all' and 'reasonable time‘ has remained controversial with each party giving an interpretation that favours its interests. Lack of consensus on the meaning of these phrases has hindered the conclusion of negotiations for EPAs. In a nutshell, the question of WTO compatibility presents the biggest hurdle to the conclusion of the new trading arrangements between the EU and the ACP group. This paper is an evaluation of the options available to the ACP countries to conclude WTO compatible trading arrangements with the EU. Chapter one of this paper is an introductory chapter which offers an overview of the entire paper. Chapter two sets out in details the historical background of the economic relationship between the EU and the ACP states. This chapter illustrates the historical background from which the new trading agreements have evolved to help the reader understand certain key features of the current economic partnership agreements. Chapter three looks at the GATT/WTO provisions relevant to the establishment of WTO compatible trading arrangements between EU and ACP countries. Particular emphasis is placed on Article XXIV, the Enabling Clause and the WTO waiver. Chapter four is the main chapter in which the paper explores the possibilities of concluding WTO compatible trading agreements under Article XXIV, Enabling clause and the WTO waiver. Chapter five draws the conclusions of this paper.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
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Clarke, Hayley Diana. "Investigations into β-ketoacyl-ACP Synthase III and enoyl-ACP reductase of plant fatty acid synthase." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4484/.
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An antisense transgenic approach was taken in order to assess the importance of P-ketoacyl-ACP- Synthase III (KAS III) in regulation and initiation of de novo fatty acid synthesis in planta. The transgenic plants were generated in order to show whether alternative pathways exist to initiate fatty acid synthesis if the most direct route is lost. In order to develop such a study, a KAS III cDNA clone of 1622bp was isolated from a Brassica napus embryo library. This clone was used to generate an antisense construct containing a strong double 35S promoter and a CaMV poly A tail. The antisense vector was transformed into both Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Sixty-three antisense KAS III lines were generated in Brassica napus, along with 10 transgenic KAS III Arabidopsis thaliana lines. The open reading frame of the KAS III cDNA clone was overexpressed in E.coli to yield a novel protein of 45kDa. It was subsequently purified and used to raise KAS III polyclonal and sera. This provided an immunological tool that could detect KAS III in leaf and seed extracts in wild type Brassica napus. To analyse whether KAS III caused any pleiotropic effects on other FAS components such as down regulation of other FAS enzymes, a quantitative ELISA assay was developed to Enoyl- ACP-Reductase (ENR). This was the first such assay for the detection of ENR in plants and its development has required careful consideration of sample preparation. Levels of KAS III, ENR and (3-Keto-ACP-Reductase (BKR)) were assessed in developing leaf of wild type cultivars, along with total fatty acid levels in the growing leaf. Analysis of transgenic KAS III lines was performed in conjunction with the analysis of transgenic sense and antisense ENR Brassica napus that had become available during the study. Transgenic KAS III lines were seen to be slower growing, but were still able to grow to maturity, flower and set seed. This suggests that the KAS FU down regulation may lead to the use of alternative pathways in the synthesis of the initial condensation product acetoacetyl-ACP. Down regulation of ENR in some antisense KAS III lines suggest that a pleiotropic effect may have been exerted as a result of the lowering of KAS III levels. The analysis of the Tl generations for both KAS III and ENR during this study showed that certain lines possessed a phenotype which is characterised by a slower growing plant, where a change of seed morphology was observed along with a change in testa colour and a decrease in overall fatty acid levels in the seed.
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Pinhel, Midana Fernandes Augusto. "Cooperação UE-ACP – agricultura e desenvolvimento. A importância do sector agrícola no desenvolvimento dos países ACP." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8437.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais, Especialização em Relações InternacionaisA cooperação UE-ACP remonta da parte IV do tratado de Roma, que se iniciou com assinatura da primeira convenção de Lomé 1975, com objectivo de promover e acelerar o desenvolvimento económico, cultural e social dos países ACP a fim de contribuírem para a paz e a segurança mundial e promover um contexto político estável e democrático. Passadas três décadas, objectivo esse que ainda está longe de ser atingido. Em 2000, na cidade Cotonou, foi assinado um novo modelo da cooperação entre os dois actores internacionais que vai até 2020, a fim de responder as exigências das novas realidades internacionais. No nosso trabalho, abordamos as constantes transformações nas relações internacionais que têm influências directa ou indirectamente no quadro desta cooperação, nomeadamente a guerra fria e assim como a actual era da globalização económica que a suas abordagens seriam imprescindíveis para a compreensão deste quadro da cooperação. As condições socio-políticas dos países ACP também merecem uma atenção especial no nosso trabalho, sabendo que nenhum país consegue desenvolver-se com a instabilidade política e corrupção mas infelizmente continuam a ser uma realidade em vários países ACP, particularmente da África. A viragem da UE para os outros parceiros após a guerra fria, particularmente para os países da Europa de Leste motivada pelo insucesso de cooperação com os países em vias de desenvolvimento e pela perda da importância desses países na cena política internacional assim como pela segurança da própria Europa merece a nossa atenção neste trabalho. O principal objectivo da nossa investigação consiste em avaliar até que ponto a cooperação UE-ACP contribui para o desenvolvimento dos países ACP, particularmente a agricultura e as suas potencialidades para o desenvolvimento dos países ACP. As regras de comércio mundial que obriguem as pequenas indústrias dos países ACP a competirem com as indústrias dos países desenvolvidos com destaque do sector agrícola com consequência no crescimento económico, assim como a oportunidade do emprego que contribui e muito para o desenvolvimento dos países ACP.
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Klausz, Katja [Verfasser]. "Funktionelle Analysen zum Acyl-CoA-Bindeprotein (ACBP) / Katja Klausz." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019812958/34.
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Jedlička, Zdeněk. "Přístupový systém založený na protokolu ACP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219429.
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Work is focused on the possibility of implementation of ACP into applications for mobile devices using the Android operating system ogether with the implementation of this Protocol in the hardware device. Communication is based on standard TCP / IP and UDP protocol.
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Melo, Solarte Diego Samir. "Aprendizagem colaborativa baseada em problemas - ACBP : modelo conceitual e ferramentas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276149.
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Orientador: Maria Cecilia Calani BaranaukasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T10:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MeloSolarte_DiegoSamir_M.pdf: 8300326 bytes, checksum: 1d26206e900517c6f857b47f9e7d3d4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Esta pesquisa apresenta o modelo intitulado Aprendizagem Colaborativa Baseada em Problemas (ACBP), concebido a partir da compilação e análise das características estruturais e funcionais dos modelos de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas e Aprendizagem Colaborativa Apoiada pelo Computador. O modelo tem como eixo as discussões e reflexões de um pequeno grupo de estudantes. Os integrantes do grupo interagem por meio de diferentes atividades propostas que, por sua vez, descrevem o processo de levantamento e análise de informação durante a resolução de problemas. Vale destacar que essas atividades são agrupadas em cinco fases iterativas e não necessariamente seqüenciais. O modelo tem cinco fases. Na fase um a proposição do problema e o planejamento do processo são definidos. É uma fase com atividades a serem desenvolvidas pelo professor ou orientador. A fase dois trata o processo de Análise e Clarificação do Problema, inspirada em métodos e artefatos da Semiótica Organizacional para apoiar a geração, discussão e avaliação de idéias e soluções. Na fase três são descritas as propostas e o desenvolvimento das soluções. A fase quatro apóia a síntese do processo que integra os documentos criados em um relatório. A fase cinco envolve o processo de socialização no qual cada um dos grupos apresenta suas propostas a todos os membros de uma turma. O modelo proposto foi desenvolvido e integrado a um Learning Management System (LMS) de código aberto, personalizando algumas ferramentas disponíveis e desenvolvendo outras requeridas pelo modelo, dando origem ao ambiente ACBP-Sakai. Durante a pesquisa, o ambiente ACBP-Sakai foi testado em diferentes estudos de caso, permitindo a obtenção de resultados preliminares de uso que atingem os seus objetivos no contexto de clarificação e discussão de problemas reais, sugerindo sua efetividade e seu potencial uso em contexto educacional presencial ou a distância.
Abstract: This research presents the model entitled Collaborative Problem Based Learning (ACBP), which was conceived through the compilation and analyses of structural and functional characteristics of Problem Based Learning and Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. The model's basis is composed of the discussions and reflection of a small student group as they interact through various proposed activities which at the same time are describing the search and analyses process of information while solving problems. The activities are grouped into five iterative stages not necessarily following a sequence. The model has five stages. In the First stage the proposed problem and the planning process are described, containing the scheduled activities for the professor or advisor. The Second stage deals with the analyses and clarification process, inspired by methods and Organizational Semiotic artifacts for supporting the creation, discussion and validation of ideas, and their solutions in the problem discussion and interpretation. In the Third stage the proposal and development of solutions are described. In the Fourth stage the process synthesis is described which integrates the created documents during the report creation. The Fifth stage deals with the socialization process, when each group presents its proposals. The proposed model was developed and integrated into an open source Learning Management System, through the personalization of some available tools and the development of some others required for this model, giving origin to the ACBP-Sakai environment. During the research, the ACBP-Sakai environment was tested allowing preliminary results of its use within the context of real problem clarification and discussion showing its potential as a tool for E-Learning.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Šarapatka, Bořivoj. "Phosphatase activities (ACP, ALP) in agroecosystem soils /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a396.pdf.
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Polit, Montes de Oca Esteban. "Une n-ACP d'un hypercube de données." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376004830.
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Polit, Montes de Oca Esteban. "Une n-acp d'un hypercube de donnees." Grenoble 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE21015.
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Extension du modele tucker3 pour l'analyse de cubes a plus de 3 modes. Utilisation d'une approche geometrique qui permet l'introduction de metriques dans chaque mode. On associe a un hypercube de donnees une forme n-lineaire qu'on approche par une forme n-lineaire de rang plus petit pouvant etre associee a un hypercube de dimensions reduites. Presentation d'un algorithme nomme tuckalsn pour resoudre ce probleme d'approximation. Tuckalsn est une extension de l'algorithme iteratif tuckals3 de kroonenberg et de leeuw. Definition des composantes principales de la n-acp. Elles sont une generalisation des cp de l'acp, et elles s'interpretent de facon analogue. Certaines proprietes d'optimalite sont respectees. On propose des representations graphiques pour les modes et des indices pour mesurer la fidelite avec laquelle la forme n-lineaire permet de reproduire le n-cube original de donneesThe model proposed by tucker for analysing 3 modes data sets is extended to the n-modes setting and metrics are introduced for analysing each mode. One assotiates an n-linear form to each n-mode data set and approches by an n-linear form of smaller rank, that defines a n-mode data set of reduced sizes, easier to analyse. We propose an algorithm named tuckalsn that solves the approximation problem involved in extending the iterative process given by kroonenberg and de leeuw. The latent variables, so obtained, are shown to extenoed principal components built by usual 2 modes pca, and received analogous interpretations. We discuss too the optimality properties of usual pca that remain true or not in the n-modes setting. Graphical representations as well as interpretative tools for reading them are proposed, such as indices meaning the global and elementwise quality and reliability of the approximation
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Etse, Koffi. "Le Togo et les accords ACP-CE." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT3019.
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La suspension de la coopération européenne avec le Togo était fondée sur la cause avancée de "déficit démocratique". Celle-ci résulterait non seulement de la nature du régime politique du pays à laquelle le Constituant togolais devra remédier mais également de la pratique inconstitutionnelle caractérisée par des institutions politiques aux fondements démocratiques fragiles parce que contestées. Or la base juridique de cette suspension de la coopération ne pouvait se reposer sur un tel fondement dans les relations bilatérales entre la Communauté européenne et le Togo. Elle découlerait de la violation par ce pays de l'article 5 de la quatrième convention de Lomé relatif au respect des droits de l'Homme. L'impact de la suspension de la coopération européenne fut négatif tant pour le développement économique que celui social et humain du Togo. Ce pays se trouvait dès lors face à la nécessité et à la difficulté de reprendre la coopération avec les pays européens. Après les consultations engagées avec la Communauté européenne sur le fondement de l'article 96 de l'Accord de Cotonou, le gouvernement togolais devait mettre en œuvre les vingt-deux engagements pris à Bruxelles en avril 2004 et surtout organiser des élections législatives "libres, démocratiques et transparentes". Des résultats de ces élections, dépendront ou non la reprise pérenne de la coopération européenne et l'établissement de la démocratie dans le paysThe suspension of European Community (EC)'s relationship with Togo was founded on its' "democracy deficit". This would result not only from the nature of this country's regime but also from the unconstitutional practises which founded its' political institutions on light democracy. Futhermore, the juridical basis of this breaking off relationship was founded on Article 5 of the fourth Lome Agreement. The impact of this situation was severe for the economical, human and social country's development. Togo might renew its relationship with EC. After discussions at Brussels in April 2004 based on Article 96 of Cotonou Agreement, European Community has to measure the effectiveness of the 22 Togo's government undertakings. The important one is "free, democratic and fair" legislative elections which was also the ultimate condition of renewal European cooperation with Togo and democracy establishment in this country
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Kolarík, Tomáš. "Implementace protokolu ACP do operačního systému L4." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219477.
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This thesis deals with the implementation of ACP protocol which serves to manage the access for operation system based on L4 microkernel. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with methods of access management in computer networks. It focuses primarily on AAA systems which make access management possible. Furthermore it describes in detail the ACP protocol, the types of messages and their feedback. The next theoretical part is dedicated to operation systems and in particular to their architecture and services. Then we get a closer look at L4 microkernel family, their philosophy and properties. We continue with a detailed description of the L4 application interface and its ways of expansion. The practical section deals with the implemented concept of system for ACP protocol support in computers. General concept is then applied in real implementation of ACP protocol into the L4 operation system environment based on the L4 platform. To assist, I also included a detailed tutorial explaining the modeling and compilation of software for this platform. At this point we describe the methods used at the implementation and the description of particular modules and features. The end of the thesis concludes the information about the ways of testing and the implementation properties.
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Harris, Carol, Michele Mascari, Kevin Rice, Jeff Smith, and John Steedman. "ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM) CONVERSION DEVICE (ACD)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607525.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Conversion Device (ACD) System is based on state-of-the-art ATM technology. The system interfaces between high-rate ECL/RS-422 raw data bitstreams and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) OC-3 fiber. The SONET OC-3 interface uses ATM Adaptation Layer Type Five (AAL5) format. The system exceeds its 50 Mbps raw data, single stream requirement and provides single stream raw data throughput at rates up to 75 Mbps. With ATM and SONET packaging overhead, this translates into 90 Mbps on the OC-3 fiber. In addition to high-rate throughput, the system provides multiplexing and demultiplexing of multiple stream throughput based on the ATM cell header Virtual Path and Virtual Channel Identifier (VPI/VCI) values. The system is designed with the flexibility to provide between three and six throughput channels. All of which are multiplexed/demultiplexed to and from the same OC-3 interface. Multiple stream cumulative raw data throughput rates of up to 80 Mbps, or 96 Mbps on the fiber, have successfully run.
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Nikabou, Lantame Jean. "Les conventions ACP-EU et les sanctions économiques de l'Union européenne contre les Etats ACP : le cas du Togo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA038/document.
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L’Accord de Cotonou, signé en juin 2000 entre l’Union européenne et les États d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP), se caractérise par un respect des droits de l’homme, des normes démocratiques et de l’État de droit d’une part, et la quête d’une conformité des normes aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), d’autre part. En effet, la politique de développement mise en place par l’Europe au profit des États ACP a vu le jour avec le Traité de Rome et la création du Fonds européen de développement au profit des ces pays. Pendant longtemps, le partenariat, essentiellement économique, a octroyé d’énormes avantages aux pays ACP en vue d’assurer leur développement. Depuis bientôt deux décennies que les normes politiques ont été insérées dans ce partenariat, force est de constater que quelques pays, dont le Togo, demeurent toujours réticents quant à l’instauration de réelles réformes démocratiques en vue d’assurer une véritable alternance politique. En dépit des sanctions infligées çà et là par l’Union européenne, ces pays trouvent un appui auprès de la Chine qui mène, avec les pays d’Afrique, un partenariat en toute exclusion de la société civileCotonou agreement, signed in June 2000, between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, is characterized by the respect of Human Rights, Democratic standards and Rule of Law in one side, and the quest for compliance with the standards principles of World trade Organization (WTO) in the other side. Since then the development policy implemented by Europe for ACP Countries was created with the Treaty of Rome which established European Development Funds, in favor of these countries. For many years, this partnership, mainly economic, has given huge benefits to ACP countries to ensure their development. For almost two decades that the political standards rules were introduced into this partnership, no doubt to notice that some countries, including Togo, are still reluctant to introduce real democratic reforms to ensure effective political changes. Despite sanctions here and there from the European Union, these countries find support from China who treats with African countries, a specific partnership excluding any Civil Society
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Mbala, Langa-Langa. "La problématique de la coopération Etats ACP/UE." Paris 8, 2002. https://octaviana.fr/document/181855232#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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La coopération d'aide au développement est née au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Sans conteste, la Plan Marshall constitue un exemple frappant d'aide économique à une vaste échelle géographique. Toutefois, il y a une trentaine d'années, un évènement historique, la décolonisation, bouleversait les rapports internationaux. La vague des indépendances faisaient disparaître les liens juridiques qui unissaient colonisateurs et colonisés. Cette mutation profonde et définitive débouchait sur des rapports nouveaux fondés sur une volonté commune de développement. C'est ce qu'on appellera très vite la coopération. La coopération Etats ACP/UE a plus de quarante ans et son existence date de la création de la Communauté économique européenne qu'institue le traité de Rome du 25 mars 1957. Si les premiers rapports d'association CEE/Pays et territoires d'Outre-mer s'inscrivent dans le cadre défini par la quatrième partie du traité CEE, l'entrée en vigueur de la première convention de Yaoundé, le 20 juin 1964, modifie en profondeur ces rapports, notamment avec les indépendances des associés au traité qui réclament également leur indépendance économique, sans laquelle l'indépendance politique n'est qu'un vain mot. . .
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Cortés, Reyes Julio Enrique. "Diseño de estrategia de negocios para ACGP Ingeniería de Software S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111734.
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Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de EmpresasEl objetivo principal de este estudio es diseñar la estrategia de negocios para la empresa ACGP Ingeniería de Software S.A., considerando para ello, la aplicación de una metodología que permita además cumplir con objetivos específicos, tales como la identificación de proyecciones de la Industria, análisis de la evolución de la empresa y sus ventajas competitivas, lo que nos guiará a definir las acciones pertinentes a la construcción de futuro. Este estudio se desarrolla en el punto en que la empresa necesita establecer su estrategia de negocios para el año 2006. En ese momento, la empresa siente que sus esfuerzos se hacen insuficientes al momento de mostrar una propuesta de valor al mercado, pese a la experiencia y conocimiento de productos y tecnología que maneja. Por lo tanto, el problema lo podemos definir como la ausencia de una estrategia de negocios, que tome las ventajas competitivas de la empresa y las transforme en la promesa de valor que presentará al mercado. La metodología de trabajo consiste básicamente en cumplir con las etapas propuestas por el modelo de diseño de estrategias de negocios del profesor Enrique Jofre, apoyado por el marco teórico que nos entrega el enfoque de estrategia de Arnoldo Hax y Nicolás Majluf. Esta metodología distingue puntos, tales como: proceso declarativo, proceso analítico y proceso de diseño de la estrategia. Este estudio se desarrolla tomando en cuenta la realidad y proyecciones de información para el mercado e Industria correspondiente al año 2005. De este análisis se obtienen datos relevantes para determinar el atractivo que presenta la Industria, tales como las tendencias de crecimiento del sector, así como las oportunidades y amenazas que ofrece, para lo cual se destaca como herramienta principal el análisis de las fuerzas competitivas de Porter. Uno de los resultados obtenidos durante el proceso es la alineación de la Misión del negocio como respuesta a una evaluación que va más allá de las buenas intenciones del directorio, sino que obedece a las variables claves que determinarán el posicionamiento competitivo de la empresa para los próximos años. Otro de los resultados es la identificación de los factores diferenciadores que valora el mercado para esta Industria y su relación con las variables que la empresa posee o debe desarrollar para lograr ventajas competitivas. Como conclusión, queda demostrado que es posible el diseño de una estrategia de negocios a través del desarrollo de procesos simples y estructurados. Es así como ACGP Ingeniería de Software S.A., luego de la identificación de los factores críticos de éxito, ve necesario enfocar sus esfuerzos en consolidarse en el segmento bancario, nacional e internacionalmente, así como también la introducción en las Pymes para los productos dirigidos al sistema de gestión de calidad. Para ambos casos, requerirá del desarrollo de competencias claves como la relación de confianza y continuo acercamiento al cliente, así como el afianzar y ampliar las relaciones de alianzas actuales y lograr el desarrollo de futuros vínculos con empresas consultoras para
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Hartgraves, Morri D. "Carbachol- and ACPD-Induced Phosphoinositide Responses in the Developing Rat Neocortex." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2640/.
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Signal transduction via the phosphoinositide (PI) second messenger system has key roles in the development and plasticity of the neocortex. The present study localized PI responses to individual cortical layers in slices of developing rat somatosensory cortex. The acetylcholine agonist carbachol and the glutamate agonist trans-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (ACPD) were used to stimulate PI turnover. The PI responses were compared to the distribution of the corresponding PI-linked receptors in order to investigate the regional ontogeny of PI coupling to receptors in relation to neural development. The method for assessing PI turnover was modified from Hwang et al. (1990). This method images the PI response autoradiographically through the localizaton of [3H]cytidine that has been incorporated into the membrane-bound intermediate, cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol. In each age group (postnatal days 4-30), carbachol resulted in more overall labeling than ACPD. For both agonists, the response peaked on postnatal day 10 (P10) and was lowest in the oldest age group. The laminar distribution of the carbachol PI response from P4-P16 corresponded fairly well with the laminar distribution of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding (Fuchs, 1995). However, in the subplate layer the carbachol response was strong while receptor binding was minimal. The carbachol response decreased after postnatal day 10, while the overall levels of receptor binding continued to increase. From P5 - P14, PI-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors are most concentrated in layer IV (Blue et al., 1997), whereas only on P6 was there a correspondingly high ACPD-initiated PI response in this layer. Unlike receptors, the PI response was strong in upper V (P4 - P12) and within layers II/III (P8 - P16). From P4 - P21, the subplate showed relatively high PI labeling compared to receptor binding. The several differences between the distribution of PI response and receptors suggest spatiotemporal heterogeneity of receptor coupling to second messenger systems.
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Abaiian, Kayvan Jasper. "Regulation of aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP) during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9355.
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The 175 kD aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP), suggested to be involved in smooth vascular muscle cell differentiation, has been shown to be expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In this study we demonstrate that ACLP protein expression is transiently but significantly down-regulated by day 2 of an 8-day 3T3-L1 differentiation. ACLP protein down-regulation correlates with increases in cell number, suggesting a potential link between ACLP and clonal expansion. The transient modulation of ACLP is shown to be partly due to transcriptional regulation. Analysis of the individual components of differentiation cocktail indicate that all components are necessary to induce maximal ACLP downregulation and, as such, this event is differentiation-dependent. Although ACLP overexpression had no apparent effect on adipogenesis, its pattern of expression, unique to post-mitotic proliferation, indicates a potential role for ACLP in adipose tissue development and warrants further investigation to elucidate its function during preadipocyte differentiation.
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Xavier, José Rodolfo Ferreira. "Resolução da equação Laplace ao sistema multiprocessador ACP /." São Paulo : [s.n.], 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132724.
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Xavier, José Rodolfo Ferreira [UNESP]. "Resolução da equação Laplace ao sistema multiprocessador ACP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132724.
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Strausz, Erzebet. "Being in discourse in IR : an experience book of 'sovereignty'." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/b9cf4406-b738-4bdd-acdf-96db14a436a3.
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This thesis focuses on the lived experience of social scientific practice and processes of subject formation in the academic discipline of International Relations. It draws inspiration from Michel Foucault’s philosophy and critical ethos of self-transformation with special emphasis on his early writings on aesthetics, knowledge and discourse as well as his late Collège de France lectures on ethics. The genre and project of the ‘experience book’ takes Foucault’s self-transformative ethos seriously by translating it into action, into actual practice. As such, it provides a first person narrative of some of the ways in which ‘we’, professionals of the field, become sub-jects of particular experiences in the ‘disciplinary life’ of IR as academic knowers, thinkers, readers and writers. Through a series of accounts of the self, that is, through my own attempts at narrative reconstruction of the constitution of my scholarly sub-jectivity in the subfields of ‘sovereignty’ discourses and what we may call ‘Foucaul-tian IR’, the thesis develops a subjective, insider’s view of the experience of being in discourse and some of its subjectivating effects. As a political project the very pro-cess of the writing of this thesis is an effort to negotiate these discursive forces: the thesis sets out to cultivate alternative subjectivities and modes of being in discourse for the self and others. Through the exploration of the desubjectifying potentials of narrative writing the experience books seeks to open up possibilities to remake scien-tific experience by problematizing some of those unreflected everyday academic practices that reinforce and perpetuate disciplinary identities. Ultimately, it seeks to work towards the transformation of academic practice (and academic experience) in-to a site of resistance to contemporary forms of government.
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Wu, Wenchuan. "Acquisition and reconstruction methods for hybrid 2D/3D diffusion MRI." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6de8931-3910-4342-acdb-4eac49263b2c.
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Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used in neuroscience studies, particularly for mapping white matter tracts in the brain. Typically, diffusion MRI is acquired using a two-dimensional (2D) single-shot echo planar imaging sequence, which allows rapid acquisition and reduced sensitivity to subject motion. However, conventional 2D diffusion MRI faces many limitations, such as long TR (repetition time) which lead to low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) efficiency, and long scan times with advanced diffusion protocols which usually require a large number of diffusion directions and/or b values. These limitations become more acute at high spatial resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) methods have also been developed for diffusion MRI, but they are not widely used for acquiring data in vivo due to the challenges in subject motion. Hybrid 2D/3D methods, including 3D multi-slab acquisition and simultaneous multi-slice acquisition, have been recently proposed to address the limitations of conventional 2D and 3D methods. However, 3D multi-slab acquisition faces the problem of slab boundary artefacts, which could decrease the image quality and propagate into diffusion quantifications. Simultaneous multi-slice acquisition would suffer from significant noise amplification when in-plane under-sampling is also applied. The work in this thesis seeks to develop acquisition and reconstruction methods to improve hybrid 2D/3D diffusion MRI. A new method is proposed to correct slab boundary artefacts in 3D multi-slab imaging, which jointly estimates the slab profile and underlying image using a nonlinear reconstruction. Correction results demonstrate superior performance compared with previously proposed methods. A k-q acquisition and reconstruction approach is developed to accelerate diffusion MRI based on Gaussian process methods. Here, we target improvements to simultaneous multi-slice imaging, demonstrating high acceleration factors in combination with in-plane under-sampling. Combinations of hybrid 2D/3D acquisitions with the ultra-high field of 7T are also investigated, which could enable high resolution diffusion MRI without substantially compromising SNR. The methods developed in this work are expected to improve the data quality and scan efficiency of diffusion MRI.
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Bridge, Christopher. "Computer-aided analysis of fetal cardiac ultrasound videos." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c9cad151-6f08-461a-acd6-9fd63477b91a.
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This thesis addresses the task of developing automatic algorithms for analysing the two-dimensional ultrasound video footage obtained from fetal heart screening scans. These scans are typically performed in the second trimester of pregnancy to check for congenital heart anomalies and require significant training and anatomical knowledge to perform. The aim is to develop a tool that runs at high frame rates with no user initialisation and infers the visibility, position, orientation, view classification, and cardiac phase of the heart, and additionally the locations of cardiac structures of interest (such as valves and vessels) in a manner that is robust to the various sources of variation that occur in real-world ultrasound scanning. This is the first work to attempt such a detailed automated analysis of these videos. The problem is posed as a Bayesian filtering problem, which provides a principled framework for aggregating uncertain measurements across a number of frames whilst exploiting the constraints imposed by anatomical feasibility. The resulting inference problem is solved approximately with a particle filter, whose state space is partitioned to reduce the problems associated with filtering in high-dimensional spaces. Rotation-invariant features are captured from the videos in an efficient way in order to tackle the problem of unknown orientation. These are used within random forest learning models, including a novel formulation to predict circular-valued variables. The algorithm is validated on an annotated clinical dataset, and the results are compared to estimates of inter- and intra-observer variation, which are significant in both cases due to the inherent ambiguity in the imagery. The results suggest that the algorithm's output approaches these benchmarks in several respects, and fall slightly behind in others. The work presented here is an important first step towards developing automated clinical tools for the detection of congenital heart disease.
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Carpenter, Thomas. "Oxford University in the reign of Mary Tudor." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d622ede8-4cdc-4bf7-acd8-471031eb28a7.
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This thesis addresses a significant, though largely unexplored, part of the Marian Counter-Reformation. Queen Mary and her ministers expected the University of Oxford's contribution to the success of their plans for the English Church to be decisive. From her letter to the University in August 1553, only weeks after her accession, in which she announced her intention of laying the foundations of her ecclesiastical policy in Oxford, the academy underwent a transformation. After decades of trauma which had left the University poor, empty and (literally, in some parts) crumbling, Mary's reign gave the University a purpose, something which had been difficult to discern since the Dissolution of the Monasteries had deprived it of a large proportion of its students and lecturers. Mary and, after November 1554, Reginald Cardinal Pole undertook an extensive programme designed to reform and restore the University, a programme which was willingly and tirelessly taken up by those sympathetic to it in the University. This had its theological, ecclesiastical, liturgical and architectural elements, each of which will be considered in this thesis. Its central claim is not just that the existing picture of Mary Tudor's Church is incomplete without the inclusion within it of the restoration of Catholicism in Oxford, but that it is in Oxford, and perhaps only there, that all the different elements of her religious policy can be seen for what they are: a consistent whole, conceived and executed with one purpose: the reintegration of the English Church into the universal Catholic body.
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Summers, Mark James. "Polymerization of nano-structured surfactant assemblies." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e4abbe4b-807c-462f-acdf-dceb786d55d7.
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Scur, Daniela Dillenburg. "Organization matters : the causes and consequences of organizational choices in the private and public sectors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b853c701-3f5a-4c08-acde-f8acd189fe8d.
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This thesis explores organizational choices of establishments in the public and private sectors. Chapter 1 introduces the topic and details the motivating stylized facts from the main dataset used in this work: theWorld Management Survey (WMS). Chapter 2 focuses on family firms, the most prevalent type of firm in the world, and investigates the relationship between family control and quality of management in manufacturing firms as well the link to firm performance using two new datasets: the Ownership Survey and the WMS. The results suggest that family owned-and-controlled firms are worse managed, with coefficients being over twice larger under 2SLS than OLS. The negative link seems to stem from the family vs non-family control rather than simply family or non-family ownership. Chapter 3 develops a theoretical framework to understand one possible mechanism behind the low adoption of management practices at family firms. The model suggests that industry-specific parameters such as higher cost of laying off workers (ie. unionized environments), higher cost of firm reputation for family CEOs (ie. eponymous firms) and higher shares of low ability workers all contribute to lower adoption of management. Simple stylized facts are presented and testable implications requiring more rigorous tests are suggested. Chapter 4 details the development of an expanded evaluation tool for measuring quality of management in schools mirrored in the tool used in Chapter 2, the Development WMS (D-WMS), and presents the first stylized facts with new data from Mexico, India and Colombia. One of the stylized facts is that there is a large difference in management practices between private and public schools in India. Chapter 5 explores this further and results suggest that what drives the private school management premium is the better people management. Using additional detailed student- and teacher level panel data, I show that the combination of performance-driven teacher selection and pay practices may be behind the parallel private school student achievement premium as well.
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McKeogh, Katie. "Sir Thomas Tresham (1543-1605) and early modern Catholic culture and identity, 1580-1610." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c6d9ffcd-570e-4334-acd4-735c656c0a1f.
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What did it mean to be a Catholic elite in Protestant England? The relationship between the Protestant crown and its Catholic subjects may be examined fruitfully through a study of an individual and his world. This thesis examines this relationship through the example of Sir Thomas Tresham, who has often been seen as the archetypal Catholic loyalist. It is argued that the notion of Catholic loyalism must be reconfigured to account for the complexities inherent in the relationship between Catholics and the government. The duty to honour the monarch's authority was bound up with social and national sentiment, but it often accompanied criticisms of the practice of that authority, and the ways in which it encroached on personal experience. Intractable tensions lay behind expressions of loyalty, and this thesis travels in these undercurrents of cultural, social, religious, and political conflict to investigate the nuanced relationship between English Catholics and English society. Political resistance as classically understood - actions which directly opposed and undermined government policy - risks the exclusion of culture and identity, through which resistance was redefined. It is argued that Tresham's participation in elite activities became vehicles for resistance in the Catholic context. Book-collecting, reading, and the donation of books to an institutional library are framed as forms of resistance which countered the spirit of government legislation, and provided for the continuation of a robust tradition of Catholic scholarship on English soil. Through artistic and architectural projects, Tresham found ways to participate in elite culture which were not closed off to him, and in which Catholicism and gentility could sit side by side. These activities were also avenues for resistance, whereby the erection of stone testaments to Tresham's faith defied the government's attempts to redefine Englishness and gentility in Protestant terms, to the devastation of Catholicism. These artistic works combined piety, gentility, and resistance, and, together with Tresham's two Catholic libraries, they were to be his legacy.
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Burrows, Christopher John. "The irradiation resistance of oxide dispersion strengthened steels." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e464cc9c-5ac0-43cb-acd2-c09706176d9a.
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Reduced activation oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are candidate alloys for use in fusion reactor systems and are fabricated by mechanically alloying yttrium oxide to a reduced activation ferritic steel powder. The product is consolidated at high temperature by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), producing a dispersion of nanometre sized oxide particles throughout the ferritic microstructure. These particles have been shown to both improve the high temperature mechanical properties of the alloy and provide trapping sites for helium gas. The use of these particles to sequester helium is of particular significance in the development of a structural ODS steel for fusion reactor systems. A fusion power reactor, based on the ITER design, is expected to produce over 2000 appm transmutant helium in any steel components exposed to the core neutron flux. At these gas concentrations, conventional steels undergo severe swelling and embrittlement, motivating the development of materials capable of managing helium accumulation. This thesis investigates the use of the oxide particle dispersion in sequestering helium introduced by ion implantation. An initial characterisation of a model Fe-14Cr-0.25Y2O3 (wt%) system was completed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). This demonstrated the efficacy of the production methods and the gas trapping capabilities of the oxide particles via argon gas, introduced during the mechanical alloying process. The subsequent consolidation of a full set of Fe-14Cr-3W-0.2Ti-0.25Y2O3 (wt%) ODS alloys at 1150°C, 1050 °C and 950 °C produced a systematic variation in the density of the particle dispersion. The characterisation of these materials using APT provided an insight into the consistent Y2Ti3O5 particle chemistry found in each consolidation, and identified a stoichiometric shift from Y2Ti3O5 to YTiO2 following short term annealing periods at 1000°C. Though further work is required, this shift is thought to be consistent with a thermodynamically mediated transition of the metastable clusters to stable oxide particles. Following implantation with 2000 appm helium and examination under TEM, the helium bubble and particle densities were found to be closely correlated thus providing evidence for an association between the particles and the gas bubbles. Controlling the helium bubble density via the particle dispersion demonstrates the potential use of processing temperature in controlling how helium accumulates in an implanted ODS microstructure. The effects of both bubble and particle densities on mechanical properties were investigated further using nanoindentation methods. Significant local variation in the hardness of the ODS steels was found to result from the bimodal grain size distribution of the material. By using only those measurements taken from large grained regions of the ODS, the grain refinement and particle hardening effects could be deconvolved and used to quantify particle hardening using a dispersed barrier model. The significant hardening effects with helium addition observed in the reference alloys were found to be almost entirely absent from the ODS systems, though anomalous softening in the 950°C consolidation indicated a potentially unexpected interaction between the bubble and particle populations. A possible explanation for this anomaly and a proposal for further work to establish its origin is discussed.
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Greenaway, Rebecca L. "Palladium-catalysed cyclisations of bromoenynamides in the synthesis and applications of amidodienes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d49aad2d-65ce-4af1-acda-e90921d34a1a.
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The aim of this work was to investigate palladium-catalysed cyclisations of bromoenynamides in the synthesis of amidodienes, which on further reaction or oxidation can lead to a diverse range of heteroaromatic systems. Building upon work within the Anderson group on the palladium-catalysed cyclisations of bromoenynes, we have been able to successfully apply a palladium-catalysed carbopalladation/Stille coupling/electrocyclisation cascade to bromoenynamides and then further develop this to incorporate a Suzuki coupling, leading to bicyclic amidodienes which can undergo selective oxidation to a range of heteroaromatics including indolines, indoles, tetrahydroquinolines and benzazepines. During the investigations into the cascade cyclisation, a reductive cyclisation was discovered which enabled access to a range of monocyclic amidodienes. These could subsequently be subjected to a series of Diels-Alder cycloadditions (thermal, Lewis acid-catalysed, arynes) and oxidations to afford a complimentary range of heteroaromatic systems. Whilst this methodology was successful with bromoenynamides, extension of its application to bromoenynhydrazides, with the hope of accessing a relatively unusual range of heteroaromatic structures including indazoles, cinnolines and diazepines, proved to be more problematic. Finally, expansion of the cascade methodology into a fully intramolecular cyclisation, enabled studies towards the synthesis of the trikentrin family of natural products to be conducted.
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Bradley, Daniel M. "A total synthesis of ACPD and HMG, with studies towards sphingofungin E." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289479.
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Ignacio, Daniela Sarreta. ""Ansiedade e angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea (ACTP): uma contribuição para a enfermagem"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-11082004-131822/.
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Estudo descritivo, desenvolvido por método de estudo de caso, de múltiplos casos, enfocando o fenômeno da ansiedade. Objetivos: identificar a presença e quantificar o nível de ansiedade em cardíacos isquêmicos antes e após, dez minutos, das orientações ao procedimento de angioplastia coronariana transluminal percutânea (ACTP); mensurar o nível de ansiedade desses clientes, dez minutos antes do indivíduo entrar em sala de procedimentos para sua realização, e identificar a presença de sintomas de ansiedade. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com coleta de dados realizada por demanda espontânea conforme conveniência do pesquisador. A amostra compôs-se de vinte sujeitos cardíacos isquêmicos, adultos, encaminhados via Sistema Único de Saúde ao primeiro procedimento de ACTP. Composto por observação participativa e três momentos de mensuração da pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca e respiratória e aplicação do Inventário de Ansiedade TraçoEstado de Spielberger (IDATE) para Estado, no primeiro momento também foi aplicado o IDATETraço. Para obtenção dos resultados aplicou-se métodos de análise estatística simples. Os resultados encontrados foram que a pressão arterial sistólica se manteve acima dos valores limites, segundo a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, nas três etapas em mais de 60% dos casos, sendo realizado o tratamento anti-hipertensivo; os padrões observados para freqüência cardíaca se mantiveram na faixa de normalidade para 85% dos casos, porém, em 70% dos casos faziam-se uso associado de betabloqueadores; a freqüência respiratória mostrou-se ascendente durante o evoluir das etapas, com taquipnéia em 50% dos casos no segundo momento e em 70% no terceiro momento. Os valores, segundo categorização do IDATE, tiveram as médias do estado de ansiedade em faixa moderada nos três momentos, sendo que entre o segundo e terceiro momentos houve variação de, mais ou menos, seis pontos, levando alguns clientes ao nível elevado. Para ansiedade traço a faixa também foi moderada. As orientações de enfermagem realizadas por cinco profissionais diferentes produziu, em 60% dos clientes, aumento da pontuação do IDATE, sendo percebido e relatado por alguns como aumento do nervosismo após as orientações. O conteúdo das observações demonstra que comportamentos característicos à ansiedade foram mantidos em todos os clientes, tendo maior número e variedade sem relação ao tempo de espera. Conclui-se que a ansiedade, provocada pela ACTP, já vem alterada (moderada), mantendo-se ou agravando-se ao longo da espera, e as orientações de enfermagem não produzem a redução da ansiedade, em alguns casos a eleva mais. Mesmo utilizando medicações anti-hipertensivas, os clientes desenvolvem hipertensão leve a severa, acompanhada por elevação da freqüência respiratória e manutenção da freqüência cardíaca na normalidade nos três momentos. O ambiente ao qual o indivíduo é exposto contribui para desencadear ansiedade, agravando-a também. Considera-se a amostra do estudo pequena, permitindo apenas a generalização naturalística. Expôs-se a realidade vivida pelo cardíaco, suscitando novos questionamentos e demonstrando a necessidade de intervenções ambientais locais. Espera-se com este trabalho o desencadear de outros estudos com populações maiores, aprofundando-se na compreensão da ansiedade.This descriptive study was developed by mens of the case study method, of various cases, focusing the anxiety phenomena. Goals: identify the presence and qualify the level of anxiety in ischemic cardiac patients before and after (ten minutes) giving out instructions about the procedure of the percutaneous transluminal corornary angioplasty (PTCA); measure the level of anxiety of these clients ten minutes before they entered in the procedure room for itscompletion. The Research EthicsCommittee approved this study, and data collection was performed through spontaneous demand according to researchers convenience. The sample: considered of twenty ischemic cardiac patients, all adults, which had been forwarded by the Single Health Sistem for the first PTCA proceduce. The study was compound which a structured partivipative observation and three moments for measuring arterial pressure, cardiac and respiratory frequency, and the application of Spielbergers (STAXI) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In the first moment there was also the application of the STAXI-Trait. Methods of simple statistical analisys were used to obtain the results. Results: showed that the sytolic arterial pressure was maintained above limit values, according to the Cardiology Brazilian Society, in all threee moments for more than 60% of the cases, anti-hypertensive treatment was performed; the observed satandarts for cardiac frequency were kept within the normality rank for 85% of the cases, however, 70% of the individuals form the sample made use of beta-blockers; the respiratory frequency showed to rise during the evolutionof the moments. With increased respitation rate in 50% of the cases in the second moment and 70% in the third. The values, according to the score and categorization of STAXI, had the measures of state of anxiety in a moderate rank in the three moments, being that there was a variation between the sencond and third moments of up to approximately six points, whichled some clientsto wrong level. For trait anxiety, the rank was also moderate. The nursing instructions were performed by five different professionals and produced an increase of STAXI pontuaction in 60% of the clients. This was obseved and reported by someas an increase of nervousness after the instruction. The content of the observations shows that the characteristic behaviors related to anxiety were maintained in all clients, with a higher number and variety disproportional to the waiting time. The study allows us to conclude that the anxiety caused by PTCA is already altered (moderate), and is kept at this level or worsens during the waiting period, and the nursisng instructions do not make this anxiety decrease, and, in some cases, it even increase. Despite using anti-hypetensive medication, the clientdevelop slight to severe hypertension accompained by an elevation of respiratory frequency and maintenance of cardiac frequency at normal rates from the first to the third moment. The environment to which the individual is exposed contributes to the manifestation of anxiety, worsening it was well. The studys sample is considerate to be small, allowing only the naturalistic generalization. The realy experienced by cardiac patient has been exposed, raising new questionings and showing the need for local environmental interventions. It is hoped to, throught this study, incite new studieswith larger populations, increasing the comprehension of anxiety.
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Kuenzel, Stefanie. "Modelling and control of an ACDC system with significant generation from wind." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51092.
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This PhD project investigates the modelling and analysis of an AC-DC system with synchronous and asynchronous generation (wind farms). The GB network is undergoing major changes including the installation of large amounts of wind generation. Wind farm developments further offshore will be connected via DC connections, such as the eastern link. The first two chapters of the thesis will provide an outline of these changes to the GB system, and the impact of those changes on the frequency response capability of the GB system. In continuation the thesis will engage in modelling details of an AC system with integration of DC technology and wind. The modelling aim is a comprehensive grid representation in a multi-machine small signal stability framework. The inclusion of multi-terminal voltage source converter HVDC links adds further complexities giving rise to difficult research issues. First the solution of an ACDC power flow is described. This solution is then used for the initialization of a dynamic model of the GB network. This model includes the eastern link (represented by a six voltage source converter multiterminal DC grid) and three offshore wind farms (representing Doggerbank, Hornsea and East Anglia ONE). The modelling and results of this simulation will be discussed in detail. The impact of increased wind integration into the GB system is further discussed with respect to the wind farm inertial response capability. An important factor for the inertial response capability is the wake effect. The wake effect describes a reduction in wind speed throughout a wind farm, caused by upstream wind turbines. The reduced wind speed at downstream turbines impacts the inertial response that can be expected from the wind farm. The thesis will conclude by summarising how the inclusion of more wind and HVDC technology impacts on the GB system and the modelling required.
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Seguro, Sofia Montalvão Furtado Pedro. "A boa governação e o papel das ONG : o caso da ACEP." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22055.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalO presente estudo assume o formato de Relatório de Estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional no Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão – Universidade de Lisboa. Este Relatório é o resultado da realização de um estágio curricular na Associação para a Cooperação Entre os Povos (ACEP), sediada em Lisboa. O objetivo do estágio foi analisar o trabalho da ONG na área da boa governação, em~particular o projeto “Sociedade Civil Pelo Desenvolvimento - Mais Transparência,~Melhor Governação” em São Tomé e Príncipe, executado pela ACEP e pela FONG-STP. Como tal, o trabalho proporciona uma contextualização em torno do debate que envolve o conceito de boa governação para melhor enquadrar a análise do projeto supramencionado.
The present study adopts the format of an Internship Report carried out within the Master of International Development and Cooperation at the Higher Institute of Economics and Management – University of Lisbon. This Report is the result of the completion of an internship at the Association of Cooperation Between Peoples (ACEP), based in Lisbon. The goal of the internship was to analyse the work implemented by the NGO in the field of good governance, particularly the project “Civil Society for Development – More Transparency, Better Governance” in São Tomé and Príncipe, carried out by ACEP and FONG-STP. For this purpose, it is provided a contextualization of the debate around the concept of good governance to better frame the analysis of the aforementioned project.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Casanova, Domenech Mª Elisa. "Evaluación de impacto del Protocolo del Azúcar CE-ACP." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1400.
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Con el ánimo de contribuir a la construcción de la nueva cooperación comercial entre la Comunidad Europea (CE) y los países de África, el Caribe y el Pacífico (ACP), esta tesis se centra en el estudio del actual régimen de acceso a productos agrícolas concedido por la CE al grupo ACP. En concreto, se realiza un análisis y una evaluación del Protocolo del Azúcar CE-ACP (o, formalmente, el Protocolo nº 3 sobre el azúcar ACP), el cual aparece, por primera vez, en el Convenio de Lomé firmado el 28 de febrero de 1975. La principal preocupación por este instrumento de cooperación en particular es que su contenido es más beneficioso que el los demás Protocolos de productos agrícolas. Así, este acuerdo comercial sobre el azúcar es el único que se basa en un compromiso de compra, por parte de la CE, y de venta, por el lado de los ACP, de unas cantidades especificadas en el marco de un elevado precio garantizado. En la práctica, estos compromisos especiales han implicado transferencias monetarias sustanciales y un nivel de estabilidad significativo de los ingresos de exportación de azúcar para algunos de los países ACP participantes, especialmente para aquellos que presentaron vínculos comerciales históricos con Gran Bretaña.
El objetivo final de este estudio consiste en proponer si el Protocolo del Azúcar CE-ACP debe ser integrado en los AAE o, por lo contrario, si es mejor mantenerlo bajo la posible exclusión permitida en el artículo XXIV del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT). Esta investigación también presenta la opción para el Protocolo del Azúcar de ser incluido en el Sistema de Preferencias Generalizadas (SPG) de la CE, aunque las reducciones arancelarias y no arancelarias, junto a las exenciones específicas, sean menos generosas que las otorgadas a las importaciones europeas de productos ACP.
Con esta finalidad, en este estudio se efectúa una evaluación de impacto del Protocolo del Azúcar CE-ACP sobre el desarrollo económico de los países ACP beneficiarios. Con ello, se demuestra que las transferencias monetarias implícitas apropiadas por las empresas azucareras de los Estados ACP participantes no han logrado, en general, una expansión del bienestar económico de sus economías. Este resultado ha sido alcanzado utilizando distintos modelos econométricos: un modelo de regresión lineal, un modelo de corrección de errores y un modelo con datos panel. En consecuencia, concluimos que el Protocolo del Azúcar CE-ACP no ha funcionado como un verdadero instrumento de cooperación al desarrollo.
Para recomendar cómo mejorar las relaciones comerciales CE-ACP sobre el azúcar, el trabajo econométrico realizado se ha complementado con el análisis del funcionamiento del mercado internacional del azúcar (especialmente en relación a los precios y a los flujos comerciales). Asimismo, se ha considerado la reforma de la Política Agrícola Común ante los cambios que implicará en el mercado europeo del azúcar. Todos estos elementos nos permiten sugerir dos opciones alternativas al Protocolo, permitidas en el Acuerdo de Cotonú, con vistas a dirigir la cooperación comercial CE-ACP sobre el azúcar desde 2008, momento en el que está prevista la progresiva aplicación de los Acuerdos de Asociación Económica (AAE) CE-ACP.
Ambas opciones son compatibles con las normas de la Organización Mundial del Comercio y dependen de la decisión de cada Estado ACP respecto a la celebración de un AAE con la CE. Por un lado, para aquellos Estados ACP que decidan implementar un AAE, consideramos que el azúcar debería quedar cubierto en los esquemas resultantes de integración económica entre ambas Partes, lo que significa que se debería eliminar cualquier restricción que dificulte el comercio CE-ACP de azúcar.
Por otro lado, en el caso de que algunos países ACP no alcancen un AAE con la Comunidad Europea, creemos que el azúcar tendría que formar parte del SPG mejorado de la CE, que será el trato comercial más probable que la CE ofrecerá a estos países ACP, como a los demás países en desarrollo. En cualquier caso, el proceso de cambio debería acompañarse de la concesión de ayuda financiera y técnica dirigida a dichos países ACP para ayudarlos a reestructurar el sector del azúcar y, en general, apoyarlos a que se adapten a las nuevas condiciones económicas de un mercado más globalizado.
NOTA: Esta tesis recibió el "Premi Maspons i Anglasell" del "Patronat Català Pro Europa" (actualmente "Patronat Catalunya-Món") de la Generalitat de Catalunya a la mejor tesis doctoral en el bienio 2004-2005 (14a edición), el día 18 de abril de 2007.
IMPACT EVALUATION OF THE ACP-EC SUGAR PROTOCOL.
In order to contribute in constructing the new trade co-operation between the European Community (EC) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific States (ACP), this thesis focuses in the current European access regime for agricultural products originating from the ACP Group. To be exact, it is carried out an analysis and evaluation of the ACP-EC Sugar Protocol (or, formally, Protocol 3 on ACP sugar) appearing the first time, in the ACP-EC Convention of Lomé signed on 28th February 1975.
The principal reason for this particular co-operation instrument is that its provision is more beneficial than the other agricultural products Protocols. Thus, this commercial sugar agreement is the only one based on a purchase commitment from the EC and a sale commitment from the ACP beneficiary countries, of specified quantities, in the framework of a guaranteed high price -similar to the intervention price in the European sugar market-. In practice, this special trading agreement has implied substantial income transfers and a significant stability level of sugar export earnings for some of the ACP participant countries, especially those that presented historic sugar trading links with the United Kingdom.
The final goal of this study consists of proposing if the ACP-EC Sugar Protocol has to be integrated in the EPAs or, on the contrary, it is better to keep it under the possible exclusion permitted in article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This research also presents the option for the Sugar Protocol to be included in the EC's Generalised System of Preferences (GSP), even though tariff and non-tariff reductions, together with the specific exemptions, are less generous than those granted to European imports of ACP products.
Within this aim, this study deals with an impact evaluation of the ACP-EC Sugar Protocol over economic development of ACP beneficiary countries. It demonstrates that the implicit income transfers by sugar companies from the ACP Sugar Group has not implied, in general, an economic welfare expansion for their economies. This outcome has been obtained using different econometric models: a linear regression model, an error correction model and a model with panel data. In consequence, we conclude that the ACP-EC Sugar Protocol has not functioned as a true development co-operation instrument.
In order to recommend how to improve the ACP-EC trade relations on sugar, that econometric study has been complemented with an analysis of the international sugar market functioning (especially, referring to prices and commercial flows). The changes the Common Agriculture Policy reform will imply on the European sugar market have been considered as well. All of these items allow us to suggest the two alternative options to the Protocol, permitted in the Cotonou Agreement, in order to lead the ACP-EC trade co-operation on sugar since 2008.
Both options are compatible with the World Trade Organisation rules and depend on the ACP State decision about the celebration of an EPA with the EC. On the one hand, for those ACP States that decide to implement an EPA, we consider that sugar should be covered in the resulting economic integration schemes between both parties, which means that any restriction on ACP-EC sugar trade should be eliminated.
On the other hand, in the case that some ACP countries do not achieve an EPA with the EC, we believe that sugar should take part of the improved EC's GSP, which will be the most probable trade treatment that the EC will offer to those ACP States, as well as to the rest of developing countries. In both cases, the change process should be accompanied with the granting of financial and technical assistance to these ACP countries in order to help them to restructure the sugar sector and, in general, to support them to adjust to the new economic conditions within more globalised market.
N.B.: Maspons i Anglasell Prize awarded by the Patronat Català Pro Europa
(presently, Patronat Catalunya-Món) of la Generalitat (government institution)
of Catalonia (Spain) for the best doctoral thesis in European integration for
the biennium 2004-2005 (14th edition), 18 April of 2007.
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Lindberg, Pär. "En studie av EU: s handelsavtal mot ACP länderna." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Geography, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10674.
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Fattigdom, underutvecklat jordbruk, infrastruktur och dåliga politiska strukturer ät idag vardag inom världens fattigaste länder. Många bilder vi ser från världens fattiga länder idag speglar ofta ett sådant samhälle. Det finns flera orsaker till detta och de är ibland många och komplicerade, främst beror det på fattigdom, brist på utbildning, hälsovård för barn, torka och översvämningar löper om vartannat, inhemska politiska konflikter, brist på rent vatten samt sjukdomar som HIV/AIDS. Ländernas behov av import, export och bistånd är en viktig faktor som inte får lämnas åt sidan och detta arbete kommer att handla mycket om just det. Ett av de stora problemen som länderna har är de exportproblem med sina egna producerade livsmedel som de inte får ut på USA: s och den europeiska marknaden.
Världen blir mer globaliserad och länder integreras genom handel med varor och tjänster, genom migration, finansiella flöden och genom utbyte av idéer och kunskap. Informationstekniken har underlättat för företag i i-världen att geografiskt dela upp sin produktion i olika delprocesser, där kontrollen bibehålls över hela produktionskedjan, vilket möjliggjort att delar av produktionen förläggs till u-länder.
Denna uppsats lyfter fram de konkreta orsaker som gör att många länder inom ACP regionerna har svårt att bli självförsörjande och leva utan bistånd. Denna uppsats är även mitt examinationsarbete inom lärarprogrammet vilket betyder att det finns en didaktiks koppling till min uppsats.
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Vellore, Loganathan Naveen Kumar. "Remineralizing with CPP-ACP effect of protocol in vitro /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39839515.
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Dickson, Anna-Kumari. "A political history of the ACP-EEC Sugar Protocol." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315984.
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Pereira, Sandra Maria de Jesus. "A cooperação UE-ACP: a dimensão política dos acordos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/734.
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Mestrado em Economia e Estudos EuropeusEste trabalho analisa uma das vertentes da cooperação estabelecida entre a União Europeia (UE) e os países de África, Caraíbas e Pacífico (ACP), mais especificamente, a dimensão política dos acordos assinados entre estes dois grupos de Estados. Os principais aspectos da cooperação UE-ACP, desde o próprio conceito de cooperação, passando pelos princípios gerais da política comunitária de cooperação para o desenvolvimento, pela inevitável globalização da economia e por um breve historial dessa mesma cooperação, servem de quadro de referência à contextualização do objecto de estudo desta dissertação. Posteriormente, a abordagem mais detalhada das Convenções de Lomé e do Acordo de Cotonou permite destacar, sobretudo, os mais importantes traços característicos da vertente política destes acordos, indicando um progressivo reforço da parceria política UE-ACP. De facto, a evolução histórica desta relação só pode ser compreendida se tivermos em consideração o contexto da descolonização (Associação dos Países e Territórios Ultramarinos e as Convenções de Yaoundé), a nova ordem económica internacional (modelo Lomé), o término da Guerra Fria (revisão de Lomé) e os efeitos da globalização (Livro Verde e o Acordo de Cotonou). Os últimos 40 anos assistiram, assim, à progressão de uma parceria principalmente económica e comercial para uma cooperação a um nível mais global no qual as questões políticas residem. Alguns dos aspectos desta dimensão política das relações UE-ACP estão relacionados com a existência de um diálogo político reforçado, de "elementos essenciais" (nomeadamente, o respeito pelos direitos humanos, pelos princípios democráticos e pelo Estado de direito), de um "elemento fundamental" (a «boa governação») e de uma parceria baseada no desempenho, visando a eficácia da ajuda internacional, a redução e eliminação da pobreza, a integração dos países ACP na economia internacional e, finalmente, o desenvolvimento económico e social sustentável.
This work analyzes one of the sides of the cooperation established between European Union (EU) and the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, more specifically, the political dimension of the agreements signed between these two groups of States. The main aspects of the EU-ACP partnership, from the own cooperation concept, passing for the general principles of the community policy on development cooperation, by the inevitable globalization of the economy and by a historial briefing of this same cooperation, serve of reference frame to the study object of this dissertation. Subsequently, the more detailed approach concerning the Lomé Conventions and the Cotonou Agreement allows to emphasizes, especially, the most important characteristic traces from the political component of these agreements, suggesting a gradual reinforcement of the political EU-ACP partnership. In fact, the historical evolution of this relationship can be only understood if we take into account the context of decolonisation (Association of Overseas Countries and Territories and Yaounde Conventions), the new international economic order (Lomé model), the end of the Cold War (Lomé revisited) and the effects of globalization (Green Paper and Cotonou Agreement). The last forty years have thus seen a progression from a mainly economic and commercial partnership to cooperation at a more global level within which political issues are addressed. Some of the aspects of this political dimension of the EU-ACP relationship are related with the existence of a strengthened political dialogue, "essential elements" (namely the respect for the human rights, the democratic principles and the rule of law), a "fundamental element" (the «good governance») and a partnership based on the performance, aiming the effectiveness of the foreign aid, the elimination and reduction of poverty, the integration of ACP countries into the international economy and, finally, the sustainable economic and social development.
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Onay, Oguz Kaan. "Approximate Factorization Using Acdi Method On Hybrid Grids And Parallelization Of The Scheme." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615589/index.pdf.
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In this thesis study, a fast implicit iteration scheme called Alternating Cell Directions Imp licit method
is combined with Approximate Factorization scheme. This application aims to offer a mathematically
well defined version of the Alternating Cell Directions Implicit Method and increase the accuracy of
the iteration scheme that is being used for the numerical solutions of the partial differential equations.
The iteration scheme presented here is tested using unsteady diffusion equation, Laplace equation and
advection-diffusion equation. The accuracy, convergence character and the stability character of the
scheme compared with suitable iteration schemes for structured and unstructured quadrilateral grids.
Besides, it is shown that the proposed scheme is applicable to triangular and hybrid polygonal grids.
A transonic full potential solver is generated using the current scheme. The flow around a 2-D
cylinder is solved for subcritical and supercritical cases. Axi-symmetric flow around cylinder is
selected as a benchmark problem since the potential flow around bodies with a blunt leading edge is a
more challenging problem than slender bodies.
Besides, it is shown that, the method is naturally appropriate for parallelization using shared memory
approach without using domain decomposition applications. The parallelization that is performed here
is partially line, partially point parallelization. T he performance of the application is presented for a 3-D unsteady diffusion problem using Cartesian cells and 2-D unsteady diffusion problem using both
structured and unstructured quadrilateral cells.
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Oh, Sherry L. "Modeling ACD data to improve computer simulation of call centers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ47978.pdf.
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Matheson, James Henry Edward. "Institutional capacity and multiple conditionality in ACP-EU development cooperation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1484/.
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The negotiations for the Mid-Term Review of the Fourth Lome Convention marked the introduction of multiple conditionality - economic adjustment and good governance - into the Lome relationship. It placed additional demands on the two parties, giving rise to the essential concern of this thesis: do the two sides possess the requisite institutional capacity to meet those demands. The introduction was not a sudden development. The origins of multiple conditionality lay in the Pisani Memorandum and its proposal of policy dialogue. The path from the proposal to multiple conditionality was assisted by developments within the Lome relationship, including the unintended effects of ACP initiatives. This thesis is thus, in one sense, the history of the Memorandum's legacy of inverted conditionality through policy dialogue. It is also an analysis of the capacities generated by the Convention and their applicability to multiple conditionality. My analysis of bargaining, operational and instrumental capacities demonstrates a weak ACP capacity and an asymmetrically greater EU capacity. My initial conclusion is that the EU is much more capable of meeting the demands of multiple conditionality. However, it too faces limits on its capacity, especially in dealing with the sociopolitical aspects of governance. This recognition highlights an ignored factor: there is a second legacy of the Pisani Memorandum. In addition to the instrument of policy dialogue, the Memorandum identified institutional capacity as the means to help overcome the problems of development. The new tale of two legacies illustrates an EU emphasis on policy control at the expense of capacity building. It has failed to perceive the importance of the link, in the Pisani Memorandum, between the instrument and the means. It forces me to amend my initial conclusion: neither side is adequately prepared for the demands of multiple conditionality.
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Buckshey, Sakshi. "Remineralizing action of CPP-ACP reagents on artificial carious lesions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46848915.
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Tucker, Margie M. "Purification and Characterization of Enoyl-acp Reductase From Euglena Gracilis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1990. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2812.
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Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase was purified from the phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis. Its purification employed DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, Matrex Orange chromatography, and affinity chromatography using acyl carrier protein (ACP) covalently bound to Sepharose as the affinity ligand. Matrex Orange chromatography resolved two different enoyl-ACP reductases having different characteristics. Euglena gracilis appears to resemble higher plants in the possession of two isoforms of this enzyme. Antibodies specific for the cofactor binding site of NADP (H)-requiring dehydrogenases were obtained. They were isolated from a polyclonal population of antibodies directed against yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by affinity chromatography using chicken liver malic enzyme as the affinity ligand. The affinity purified antibodies were covalently bound to Sepharose. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were both bound by the antibody column and were eluted by their cofactor, NADP$\sp+$, identifying the site of recognition of the enzymes by the antibodies as the cofactor binding site. The utility of this antibody affinity column was demonstrated by its ability to bind enoyl-ACP reductase, which was eluted by its cofactor, NADPH. Preliminary studies of the E. gracilis fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes were undertaken using the plasmid pFAS4 (Witkowski et al., 1987), which contains a cDNA insert to part of the rat liver FAS mRNA and was a gift of Dr. Stuart Smith. The insert was cleaved with KpnI and PstI to generate probes specific for the ketoreductase, ACP, and thioesterase domains of the FAS. DNA from wild type E. gracilis and from a mutant, W$\sb{10}$BSML, which lacks chloroplast DNA, was subjected to field inversion gel electrophoresis and the DNA alkaline-blotted onto Nylon membranes. Hybridization of the three probes to the DNA was performed; all three probes hybridized to nuclear DNA, but none of the three hybridized to chloroplast DNA. The three probes also hybridized to a band which was neither nuclear nor cholorplast DNA. This DNA, which was larger than the chloroplast genome, may represent E. gracilis mitochondrial DNA sequences.
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AraÃjo, Sergio Xavier Barbosa. "Virtual screeningÂde possÃveis inibidores daÂtrans-enoil-ACP-redutase deÂMycobacterium tuberculosis." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10971.
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nÃo hÃA tuberculose à uma das principais causas de mortalidade no mundo, porÃm à uma doenÃa negligenciada por ser endÃmica de paÃses em desenvolvimento. Um dos principais pontos de tratamento da tuberculose à a morte do bacilo causador, o Mycobacterium tuberculosis, atravÃs da interrupÃÃo da produÃÃo de Ãcidos micÃlicos, componentes da parede celular do bacilo, usando como um dos alvos a enzima InhA, porÃm esta rota tambÃm à a principal causa de resistÃncia. O presente trabalho se propÃe a estudar a enzima InhA, realizando modelagens in silico de interaÃÃes entre a enzima e ligantes selecionados. Os ligantes estudados fazem parte de duas bibliotecas distintas, sendo uma de compostos orgÃnicos selecionados por sua similaridade com o substrato da enzima. A outra biblioteca à composta de complexos metÃlicos com o nÃcleo pentacianoferrato, variando-se o ligante auxiliar. A justificativa para esta classe de compostos ser utilizada se dà pelo fato de o complexo pentacianoisoniazidaferato (II) ter apresentado atividade anti-tuberculose tanto in vitro como por via oral em ratos. Os ensaios de docking foram realizados utilizando-se duas abordagens, uma completamente rÃgida e outra em que a proteÃna era rÃgida e o ligante era flexÃvel. Ambos os ensaios apresentaram boa correlaÃÃo entre os seus resultados, independentemente da funÃÃo de avaliaÃÃo utilizada. Observou-se que as melhores estruturas em termos de inibiÃÃo possuÃam uma quantidade razoÃvel de interaÃÃes hidrofÃbicas, de modo a manterem-se estÃveis no sÃtio de ligaÃÃo da enzima que possui baixa polaridade.
Tuberculosis is found among the main causes of mortality in the World, although is a neglected disease since it is endemic in developing countries. The main route of therapy of tuberculosis is the inhibition of InhA, enzyme that catalyses the production of mycolic acids, which is a component of bacillus cellular wall. This reaction also is the main point of resistance against TB drugs. In this work proposed the study of InhA enzyme, working specifically in silico modeling of enzyme-ligant interactions. These ligands distinguish themselves between two distinct libraries, one of them containing organic compounds selected by its structural similarity with the enzyme substrate, NADH. Due in vitro and orally activity in murine model against tuberculosis exhibited by the compound pentacianoisoniazideferrate (II), another library, containing the pentacianoferrate II moiety bind to an auxiliary ligand studied against que InhA target. The essays realized using ligand rigid and flexible docking both, although the protein always considered rigid. Both essays had acceptable correlation within its results, regardless the scoring function used. The leading inhibitors structures had in common a high stabilization of ligand-enzyme complex due hydrophobic interactions, something expected due polarity of the enzyme binding site
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Aimlon, Nestor. "Aliénation des relations ACP-UE : causes, conséquences et perspectives d'avenir." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081723.
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Des liens ont ete noues entre les anciennes colonies d'afrique, des caraibes, du pacifique et l'occident. Ils ont ete concus sur la base des relations nord-sud. Ceux-ci ont subsiste apres l'independance sous diverses formes de partenariats parmi lesquels il y a notamment les conventions de lome. A travers quatre differentes versions de cette cooperation, la cge devenue ue a cherche les solutions pour instituer en leur sein des echanges commerciaux bases sur des preferences specifiques en faveur des etats acp et des avantages reciproques. L'instauration d'un nouveau regime commercial pour accelerer l'integration des pays acp dans l'economie mondiale, devrait retenir l'attention de tous. Mais malgre l'effort d'amelioration soutenu, fourni au cours des quatre versions passees, la convention n'a toujours pas produit les effets escomptes. Ni la premiere convention du 28 fevrier 1975, avec l'institution du mecanisme du stabex, ni la deuxieme du 21 octobre 1979 et l'innovation du sysmin, ni la troisieme du 8 decembre 1984, pas plus que la quatrieme du 15 decembre 1989 n'ont fourni une entiere satisfaction aux pma des etats acp dont les points de vue n'ont jamais ete pris en compte au cours des differentes negociations. Encore sous les sequelles de la colonisation et des mefaits de l'esclavage, cribles de dettes, ils se sentent comme reduits a l'impuissance. Il devient urgent de se convaincre qu'une cooperation veritable ne sera possible et acquise a la resolution des problemes qui aneantissent le monde acp que si les acp participent effectivement aux discussions, et si des gens ne decident pas a leur place ! pour aller dans cette voie, un plan marshall a l'occidental en faveur de ceux-ci est indispensable. Sous forme de reparation des prejudices subis, les anciens esclaves, les neocolonises trouveront l'equilibre financier necessaire dans la jungle economique moderne.
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Prajapati, Seeran. "Potential drop detection of creep damage in the vicinity of welds." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337718046.
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