Academic literature on the topic 'Accuracy evaluation of 3D object model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Accuracy evaluation of 3D object model"
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Mousavi, V., M. Khosravi, M. Ahmadi, N. Noori, A. Hosseini Naveh, and M. Varshosaz. "THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MULTI-IMAGE 3D RECONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE WITH DIFFERENT SENSORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-515-2015.
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Today, multi-image 3D reconstruction is an active research field and generating three dimensional model of the objects is one the most discussed issues in Photogrammetry and Computer Vision that can be accomplished using range-based or image-based methods. Very accurate and dense point clouds generated by range-based methods such as structured light systems and laser scanners has introduced them as reliable tools in the industry. Image-based 3D digitization methodologies offer the option of reconstructing an object by a set of unordered images that depict it from different viewpoints. As their hardware requirements are narrowed down to a digital camera and a computer system, they compose an attractive 3D digitization approach, consequently, although range-based methods are generally very accurate, image-based methods are low-cost and can be easily used by non-professional users. One of the factors affecting the accuracy of the obtained model in image-based methods is the software and algorithm used to generate three dimensional model. These algorithms are provided in the form of commercial software, open source and web-based services. Another important factor in the accuracy of the obtained model is the type of sensor used. Due to availability of mobile sensors to the public, popularity of professional sensors and the advent of stereo sensors, a comparison of these three sensors plays an effective role in evaluating and finding the optimized method to generate three-dimensional models. Lots of research has been accomplished to identify a suitable software and algorithm to achieve an accurate and complete model, however little attention is paid to the type of sensors used and its effects on the quality of the final model. The purpose of this paper is deliberation and the introduction of an appropriate combination of a sensor and software to provide a complete model with the highest accuracy. To do this, different software, used in previous studies, were compared and the most popular ones in each category were selected (Arc 3D, Visual SfM, Sure, Agisoft). Also four small objects with distinct geometric properties and especial complexities were chosen and their accurate models as reliable true data was created using ATOS Compact Scan 2M 3D scanner. Images were taken using Fujifilm Real 3D stereo camera, Apple iPhone 5 and Nikon D3200 professional camera and three dimensional models of the objects were obtained using each of the software. Finally, a comprehensive comparison between the detailed reviews of the results on the data set showed that the best combination of software and sensors for generating three-dimensional models is directly related to the object shape as well as the expected accuracy of the final model. Generally better quantitative and qualitative results were obtained by using the Nikon D3200 professional camera, while Fujifilm Real 3D stereo camera and Apple iPhone 5 were the second and third respectively in this comparison. On the other hand, three software of Visual SfM, Sure and Agisoft had a hard competition to achieve the most accurate and complete model of the objects and the best software was different according to the geometric properties of the object.
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Mizginov, V. A., and V. V. Kniaz. "EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF 3D OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION FROM THERMAL IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W18 (November 29, 2019): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w18-129-2019.
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Abstract. Thermal cameras are increasingly used in many photogrammetric and computer vision tasks. Nowadays it is possible to detect and recognize objects in infrared images, to solve such tasks as pedestrian detection (Huckridge et al., 2016), security applications, and autonomous driving (Wenbin, Li et al., 2017). Nevertheless, some tasks that are easily solved in the visible range data are still challenging to achieve in the infrared range. Reconstruction of a 3D object model from infrared images is challenging due to the low contrast of the original infrared image, noise of the sensor, and the absence of feature points on the image. Nevertheless, thermal cameras have their advantages, which make them popular for solving practical problems. Firstly, thermal cameras can be used in degraded environments (smoke, fog, precipitation, low light conditions). Secondly, infrared images can be fused with color images (Gao et al., 2013) to increases the system’s performance.This paper is focused on the evaluation of accuracy of 3D object reconstruction from thermal images. The evaluation of the accuracy is threefold. Firstly, we train four stereo matching methods (CAE, LF-Net, SURF, and SIFT) on the MVSIR dataset (Knyaz et al., 2017) and our new ThermalPatches dataset. We used two RTX 2080 Ti GPUs and the PyTorch library for the training. Secondly, we evaluate the matching score for the selected methods. Finally, we perform 3D object reconstruction using the SfM (Remondino et al., 2014) approach and matches for each method. We compare the object space accuracy of the resulting surfaces to the ground-truth 3D models generated with a structured light 3D scanner.
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Okawa, Marina, Takafumi Taketomi, Goshiro Yamamoto, Makoto Fujisawa, Toshiyuki Amano, Jun Miyazaki, and Hirokazu Kato. "A model-based tracking framework for textureless 3D rigid curved objects." Journal on Interactive Systems 3, no. 2 (January 23, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/jis.2012.611.
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This paper addresses the problem of tracking texturelessrigid curved objects. A common approach uses polygonalmeshes to represent curved objects inside an edge-based trackingsystem. However, in order to accurately recover their shape,high quality meshes are required, creating a trade-off betweencomputational efficiency and tracking accuracy. To solve thisissue, we suggest the use of quadrics calculated for each patchin the mesh to give local approximations of the object contour.This representation reduces considerably the level of detail of thepolygonal mesh while maintaining tracking accuracy. The noveltyof our research lies in using curves to represent the quadrics’projection in the current viewpoint for distance evaluation insteadof comparing directly the edges from the mesh and detectededges in the video image. In our tracking framework, we alsoinclude a method to calculate the measurable Degrees of Freedom(DoF) of the target object. This is used to recover the poseparameters when the object has less than 6DoF. Experimentalresults compare our approach to the traditional method ofusing sparse and dense meshes. Finally, we present a potentialAugmented Reality application of the proposed method.
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Gong, Yiping, Fan Zhang, Xiangyang Jia, Xianfeng Huang, Deren Li, and Zhu Mao. "Deep Neural Networks for Quantitative Damage Evaluation of Building Losses Using Aerial Oblique Images: Case Study on the Great Wall (China)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071321.
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Automated damage evaluation is of great importance in the maintenance and preservation of heritage structures. Damage investigation of large cultural buildings is time-consuming and labor-intensive, meaning that many buildings are not repaired in a timely manner. Additionally, some buildings in harsh environments are impossible to reach, increasing the difficulty of damage investigation. Oblique images facilitate damage detection in large buildings, yet quantitative damage information, such as area or volume, is difficult to generate. In this paper, we propose a method for quantitative damage evaluation of large heritage buildings in wild areas with repetitive structures based on drone images. Unlike existing methods that focus on building surfaces, we study the damage of building components and extract hidden linear symmetry information, which is useful for localizing missing parts in architectural restoration. First, we reconstruct a 3D mesh model based on the photogrammetric method using high-resolution oblique images captured by drone. Second, we extract 3D objects by applying advanced deep learning methods to the images and projecting the 2D object segmentation results to 3D mesh models. For accurate 2D object extraction, we propose an edge-enhanced method to improve the segmentation accuracy of object edges. 3D object fragments from multiple views are integrated to build complete individual objects according to the geometric features. Third, the damage condition of objects is estimated in 3D space by calculating the volume reduction. To obtain the damage condition of an entire building, we define the damage degree in three levels: no or slight damage, moderate damage and severe damage, and then collect statistics on the number of damaged objects at each level. Finally, through an analysis of the building structure, we extract the linear symmetry surface from the remaining damaged objects and use the symmetry surface to localize the positions of missing objects. This procedure was tested and validated in a case study (the Jiankou Great Wall in China). The experimental results show that in terms of segmentation accuracy, our method obtains results of 93.23% mAP and 84.21% mIoU on oblique images and 72.45% mIoU on the 3D mesh model. Moreover, the proposed method shows effectiveness in performing damage assessment of objects and missing part localization.
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Yilmazturk, Ferruh, and Ali Ersin Gurbak. "Geometric Evaluation of Mobile-Phone Camera Images for 3D Information." International Journal of Optics 2019 (September 30, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8561380.
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This study aimed to investigate the usability of smartphone camera images in 3D positioning applications with photogrammetric techniques. These investigations were performed in two stages. In the first stage, the cameras of five smartphones and a digital compact camera were calibrated using a calibration reference object, with signalized points having known three-dimensional (3D) coordinates. In the calibration process, the self-calibration bundle adjustment method was used. To evaluate the metric performances, the geometric accuracy tests in the image and object spaces were performed and the test results were compared. In the second stage, a 3D mesh model of a historical cylindrical structure (height = 8 m and diameter = 5 m) was generated using Structure-from-Motion and Multi-View-Stereo (SfM-MVS) approach. The images were captured using the Galaxy S4 smartphone camera, which produced the best result in the geometric accuracy tests for smartphone cameras. The accuracy tests on the generated 3D model were also applied in order to examine 3D object reconstruction capabilities of imaging with this device. The results demonstrated that smartphone cameras can be easily used as image acquisition tools for multiple photogrammetric applications.
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Grinyak, V. M. "Configuration of 3D Indoor Positioning System Based on Bluetooth Beacons." INFORMACIONNYE TEHNOLOGII 27, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/it.27.32-40.
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This paper devoted to research of indoors navigation problems under poor or insufficient quality of satellite navigational data environment. The problem of object positioning in 3D space by Bluetooth devices located indoors forming a multi-position tracking system is considered in this research. Emphasized that in order to succeed for such system it is required to pre-estimate distinctive accuracy. The proposed model interpretation of the positioning problem as the system of linear equations. The classic model interpretation for method of least squares is used for resolution. General problem of linearization around reference resolution is the locality of its features. There are three concepts of problems solvability, such as fundamental solvability (observability), solvability in conditions of instrumental measurement errors and solvability under conditions of finite accuracy of computation on a computer. The first aspect of solvability is interpreted by the completeness of the rank of the corresponding system of linear algebraic equations, the second and third ones represents by the conditionality of the problem and the convergence of the iterative estimation procedure. The conducted experiments show that for the positioning problem the attributes of the linearized model are accurate enough to represent the original nonlinear problem. Such interpretation allows to build theoretical accuracy estimation priors for object coordinates evaluations and to identify the areas with insufficient positioning accuracy. In this paper there are results of expected accuracy evaluation for various system patterns with full-scale experiments proving the theoretical calculations. Experiments for problems with using SKYLAB Beacon VG01 Bluetooth transmitters and smartphone HUAWEI WAS-LX1 are presented and confirmed that math model with linear approximation defined by authors is usable for solving indoors navigation problems using Bluetooth signal. So, for good enough quantity and appropriate location of the tracks the achievable positioning accuracy could be as good as 0.2—0.3 meters for all three coordinates. Such accuracy allows to navigate small hovering objects such as drones. In general, it looks promising to use Bluetooth trackers for solving positioning problems for indoors environments.
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Vetter, Sebastian, and Gunnar Siedler. "Automated 3D-Objectdocumentation on the Base of an Image Set." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.46.
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Digital stereo-photogrammetry allows users an automatic evaluation of the spatial dimension and the surface texture of objects. The integration of image analysis techniques simplifies the automation of evaluation of large image sets and offers a high accuracy [1]. Due to the substantial similarities of stereoscopic image pairs, correlation techniques provide measurements of subpixel precision for corresponding image points. With the help of an automated point search algorithm in image sets identical points are used to associate pairs of images to stereo models and group them. The found identical points in all images are basis for calculation of the relative orientation of each stereo model as well as defining the relation of neighboured stereo models. By using proper filter strategies incorrect points are removed and the relative orientation of the stereo model can be made automatically. With the help of 3D-reference points or distances at the object or a defined distance of camera basis the stereo model is orientated absolute. An adapted expansion- and matching algorithm offers the possibility to scan the object surface automatically. The result is a three dimensional point cloud; the scan resolution depends on image quality. With the integration of the iterative closest point- algorithm (ICP) these partial point clouds are fitted to a total point cloud. In this way, 3D-reference points are not necessary. With the help of the implemented triangulation algorithm a digital surface models (DSM) can be created. The texturing can be made automatically by the usage of the images that were used for scanning the object surface. It is possible to texture the surface model directly or to generate orthophotos automatically. By using of calibrated digital SLR cameras with full frame sensor a high accuracy can be reached. A big advantage is the possibility to control the accuracy and quality of the 3d-objectdocumentation with the resolution of the images. The procedure described here is implemented in software Metigo 3D.
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FIKUS, Bartosz, Robert PASZKOWSKI, and Paweł PŁATEK. "Application of 3D Scanning Technology for Evaluation of Virtual Model of Gun Geometry." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7183.
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The paper presents the results of reconstruction of selected gun elements with application of 3D scanning technology. Algorithm of under investigation process, the way of preparing object for scanning and measuring process were also presented. This article discusses also data acquisition of clouds of points and methods of some activities with measured geometry data (i.e. solving some imperfections caused by the preparation or by the measurement process). Geometry was remeshed by the creating a new mesh of polygons to unify shapes defined after previous steps. On the basis of cloud of points measurements, the solid geometry of the whole object was prepared. The effect proved satisfactory accuracy of the estimated parts’ characteristics and allowed for recommendation of the mentioned approach in the described process.
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Kniaz, V. V., V. A. Mizginov, L. V. Grodzitkiy, N. A. Fomin, and V. A. Knyaz. "DENSE 3D OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION USING STRUCTURED-LIGHT SCANNER AND DEEP LEARNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-777-2020.
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Abstract. Structured light scanners are intensively exploited in various applications such as non-destructive quality control at an assembly line, optical metrology, and cultural heritage documentation. While more than 20 companies develop commercially available structured light scanners, structured light technology accuracy has limitations for fast systems. Model surface discrepancies often present if the texture of the object has severe changes in brightness or reflective properties of its texture. The primary source of such discrepancies is errors in the stereo matching caused by complex surface texture. These errors result in ridge-like structures on the surface of the reconstructed 3D model. This paper is focused on the development of a deep neural network LineMatchGAN for error reduction in 3D models produced by a structured light scanner. We use the pix2pix model as a starting point for our research. The aim of our LineMatchGAN is a refinement of the rough optical flow A and generation of an error-free optical flow B̂. We collected a dataset (which we term ZebraScan) consisting of 500 samples to train our LineMatchGAN model. Each sample includes image sequences (Sl, Sr), ground-truth optical flow B and a ground-truth 3D model. We evaluate our LineMatchGAN on a test split of our ZebraScan dataset that includes 50 samples. The evaluation proves that our LineMatchGAN improves the stereo matching accuracy (optical flow end point error, EPE) from 0.05 pixels to 0.01 pixels.
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Li, Wei, Hongtai Cheng, and Xiaohua Zhang. "Efficient 3D Object Recognition from Cluttered Point Cloud." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175850.
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Recognizing 3D objects and estimating their postures in a complex scene is a challenging task. Sample Consensus Initial Alignment (SAC-IA) is a commonly used point cloud-based method to achieve such a goal. However, its efficiency is low, and it cannot be applied in real-time applications. This paper analyzes the most time-consuming part of the SAC-IA algorithm: sample generation and evaluation. We propose two improvements to increase efficiency. In the initial aligning stage, instead of sampling the key points, the correspondence pairs between model and scene key points are generated in advance and chosen in each iteration, which reduces the redundant correspondence search operations; a geometric filter is proposed to prevent the invalid samples to the evaluation process, which is the most time-consuming operation because it requires transforming and calculating the distance between two point clouds. The introduction of the geometric filter can significantly increase the sample quality and reduce the required sample numbers. Experiments are performed on our own datasets captured by Kinect v2 Camera and on Bologna 1 dataset. The results show that the proposed method can significantly increase (10–30×) the efficiency of the original SAC-IA method without sacrificing accuracy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accuracy evaluation of 3D object model"
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Mrůzek, Tomáš. "3D model vybraného objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444254.
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This diploma thesis describes the implementation of a 3D model of two objects using laser scanning. This paper deals with the accuracy evaluation of several data interpretation. The first two methods are the outputs of the results from the FARO SCENE program and other interpretations are the outputs from the TRIMBLE REAL WORKS program. To assess accuracy and veracity, the exact test field of points previously built in the AdMas complex was used. The result of the project is a georeferenced 3D model of two objects with the surrounding environment.
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Raclavský, David. "3D model vybraného objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414316.
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The result of the diploma thesis is a photogrammetrically evaluated georeferenced 3D model of an object with its environment, located in the AdMaS complex. The work describes in detail all phases of creating a 3D model of the object from the selection and calibration of the camera to editing the 3D model. Discuss about software and methods for evaluating 3D models. The thesis deals with the optimal setting of ContectCapture software. The accuracy of the resulting 3D model is tested by the methodology according to ČSN 013410 on the basis of control measurements.
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Tecklenburg, Gerhard. "Design of body assemblies with distributed tasks under the support of parametric associative design (PAD)." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5809.
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This investigation identifies how CAD models of typical automotive body assemblies could be defined to allow a continuous optimisation of the number of iterations required for the final design and the number of variants on the basis of Parametric Associative Design (PAD) and how methodologies for the development of surfaces, parts and assemblies of the automotive body can be represented and structured for a multiple re-use in a collaborative environment of concept phase of a Product Evolution (Formation) Process (PEP). The standardisation of optimised processes and methodologies and the enhanced interaction between all parties involved in product development could lead to improve product quality and reduce development time and hence expenses. The fundamental principles of PAD, the particular methodologies used in automotive body design and the principles of methodical development and design in general are investigated. The role which automotive body engineers play throughout the activities of the PEP is also investigated. The distribution of design work in concept teams of automotive body development and important methodologies for the design of prismatic profile areas is critically analysed. To address the role and distribution of work, 25 group work projects were carried out in cooperation with the automotive industry. Large assemblies of the automotive bodies were developed. The requirements for distributed design work have been identified and improved. The results of the investigation point towards a file based, well structured administration of a concept design, with a zone based approach. The investigation was extended to the process chain of sections, which are used for development of surfaces, parts and assemblies. Important methods were developed, optimised and validated with regard to an update safe re-use of 3D zone based CAD models instead of 2D sections. The thesis presents a thorough description of the research undertaken, details the experimental results and provides a comprehensive analysis of them. Finally it proposes a unique methodology to a zone based approach with a clearly defined process chain of sections for an update-safe re-use of design models.
Book chapters on the topic "Accuracy evaluation of 3D object model"
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Jamaludin, Mohd Syahmi, and Akihiko Hanafusa. "Accuracy Evaluation of 3D Reconstruction of Transfemoral Residual Limb Model Using Basic Spline Interpolation." In IFMBE Proceedings, 675–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9038-7_125.
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Granadillo, Gustavo Gonzalez, Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro, and Hervé Debar. "Using a 3D Geometrical Model to Improve Accuracy in the Evaluation and Selection of Countermeasures Against Complex Cyber Attacks." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 538–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28865-9_29.
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Diestmann, Thomas, Nils Broedling, Benedict Götz, and Tobias Melz. "Surrogate Model-Based Uncertainty Quantification for a Helical Gear Pair." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 191–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_16.
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AbstractCompetitive industrial transmission systems must perform most efficiently with reference to complex requirements and conflicting key performance indicators. This design challenge translates into a high-dimensional multi-objective optimization problem that requires complex algorithms and evaluation of computationally expensive simulations to predict physical system behavior and design robustness. Crucial for the design decision-making process is the characterization, ranking, and quantification of relevant sources of uncertainties. However, due to the strict time limits of product development loops, the overall computational burden of uncertainty quantification (UQ) may even drive state-of-the-art parallel computing resources to their limits. Efficient machine learning (ML) tools and techniques emphasizing high-fidelity simulation data-driven training will play a fundamental role in enabling UQ in the early-stage development phase.This investigation surveys UQ methods with a focus on noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics of transmission systems. Quasi-static 3D contact dynamic simulations are performed to evaluate the static transmission error (TE) of meshing gear pairs under different loading and boundary conditions. TE indicates NVH excitation and is typically used as an objective function in the early-stage design process. The limited system size allows large-scale design of experiments (DoE) and enables numerical studies of various UQ sampling and modeling techniques where the design parameters are treated as random variables associated with tolerances from manufacturing and assembly processes. The model accuracy of generalized polynomial chaos expansion (gPC) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) is evaluated and compared. The results of the methods are discussed to conclude efficient and scalable solution procedures for robust design optimization.
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Poitras, Eric, Kirsten R. Butcher, and Matthew P. Orr. "Modeling Interactive Behaviors While Learning With Digitized Objects in Virtual Reality Environments." In Cognitive and Affective Perspectives on Immersive Technology in Education, 215–34. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3250-8.ch011.
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This chapter outlines a framework for automated detection of student behaviors in the context of virtual learning environments. The components of the framework establish several parameters for data acquisition, preprocessing, and processing as a means to classify different types of behaviors. The authors illustrate these steps in training and evaluating a detector that differentiates between students' observations and functional behaviors while students interact with three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of dinosaur fossils. Synthetic data were generated in controlled conditions to obtain time series data from different channels (i.e., orientation from the virtual model and remote controllers) and modalities (i.e., orientation in the form of Euler angles and quaternions). Results suggest that accurate detection of interaction behaviors with 3D virtual models requires smaller moving windows to segment the log trace data as well as features that characterize orientation of virtual models in the form of quaternions. They discuss the implications for personalized instruction in virtual learning environments.
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Lal, Anisha M., B. Koushik Reddy, and Aju D. "Review on Various Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Prediction and Classification of Quotidian Datasets." In Recent Advances in 3D Imaging, Modeling, and Reconstruction, 296–323. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5294-9.ch014.
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Machine learning can be defined as the ability of a computer to learn and solve a problem without being explicitly coded. The efficiency of the program increases with experience through the task specified. In traditional programming, the program and the input are specified to get the output, but in the case of machine learning, the targets and predictors are provided to the algorithm make the process trained. This chapter focuses on various machine learning techniques and their performance with commonly used datasets. A supervised learning algorithm consists of a target variable that is to be predicted from a given set of predictors. Using these established targets is a function that plots targets to a given set of predictors. The training process allows the system to train the unknown data and continues until the model achieves a desired level of accuracy on the training data. The supervised methods can be usually categorized as classification and regression. This chapter discourses some of the popular supervised machine learning algorithms and their performances using quotidian datasets. This chapter also discusses some of the non-linear regression techniques and some insights on deep learning with respect to object recognition.
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Mahmood, Nasrul Humaimi Bin. "3D Surface Reconstruction from Multiviews for Prosthetic Design." In 3-D Surface Geometry and Reconstruction, 338–51. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0113-0.ch014.
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Existing methods that use a fringe projection technique for prosthetic designs produce good results for the trunk and lower limbs; however, the devices used for this purpose are expensive. This chapter investigates the use of an inexpensive passive method involving 3D surface reconstruction from video images taken at multiple views. The design and evaluation methodology, consisting of a number of techniques suitable for prosthetic design, is developed. The method that focuses on fitting the reference model (3D model) of an object to the target data (3D data) is presented. The 3D model is obtained by a computer program while the 3D data uses the shape-from-silhouette technique in an approximately circular motion. The modification of existing model-based reconstruction – mainly on the deformation process of vertices – is discussed, and the results of different objects show a good possibility for using a passive method in prosthetic devices. The methodology developed is shown to be useful for prosthetic designers as an alternative to manual impression during the design.
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Demian, Peter, Kirti Ruikar, Tarun Sahu, and Anne Morris. "Three-Dimensional Information Retrieval (3DIR)." In Information Retrieval and Management, 1016–29. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5191-1.ch043.
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An increasing amount of information is packed into BIMs, with the 3D geometry serving as a central index leading to other information. The 3DIR project investigates information retrieval from such environments. Here, the 3D visualization can be exploited when formulating queries, computing the relevance of information items, or visualizing search results. The need for such a system was specified using workshops with end users. A prototype was built on a commercial BIM platform. Following an evaluation, the system was enhanced to exploit model topology. Relationships between 3D objects are used to widen the search, whereby relevant information items linked to a related 3D object (rather than linked directly to objects selected by the user) are still retrieved but ranked lower. An evaluation of the enhanced prototype demonstrates its effectiveness but highlights its added complexity. Care needs to be taken when exploiting topological relationships, but that a tight coupling between text-based retrieval and the 3D model is generally effective in information retrieval from BIMs.
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"Advanced Augmented Reality TAPS Software for Visualizing 4BL Mechanisms with Touch to Print Technique." In Advanced Technology-Assisted Problem Solving in Engineering Education, 194–248. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0465-9.ch008.
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Many learning methods have changed the way students learn. One method that is achieving much attention is augmented reality (AR). AR is a technology that blends simulated and real environment during the learning, interaction, and visualization process. As such, an AR ATAPS with a new interaction technique (touch-to-print) was designed, tested, and evaluated. The aim was to provide an improved user interface i.e. without having to use markers so as the learner could focus more on the visualization process. The AR ATAPS is capable of recognizing the 4BL mechanisms (based on Grashof's law and user input data) (i.e., drag-link, crank-rocker, double-rocker, and parallelogram linkage) and have been used in this study as an adjunct to traditional problem-solving method. The touch to print interaction technique, which is the main contribution of this research, has been useful to engage the user in the problem with a new interactive and learning experience as compared to the previous method (i.e., the use of markers to interact with a virtual object). The interaction technique method uses seven functions that are recognizable by the ATAPS (rotational, link colour change A, B, C, D, pause and voice command) for the user to touch the symbols on the paper and the system to model and analyze accordingly in real-time 3D environment. This study explores how far AR technology has come to support students in their learning and interest in using this technology. The objective of this chapter was to determine the usefulness of touch to print interaction user interface for an AR application. A hands-on practical lab was conducted with first year engineering students at UNITEN. The evaluation and effectiveness of the AR ATAPS as an alternative to textbooks and current software learning packages was examined by means of a single-institutional evaluation study using mainly statistical quantitative techniques and ANOVA analysis. The prospective study (total sample size = 30) at University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) validated aspects of AR ATAPS interaction technique and provided feedback on the interface design and its problem-solving method. The results of the study showed that most of the participants never been experienced with AR applications before, but the ideas of implementing AR as a simulation tool for learning the kinesthetic and dynamic subjects is well accepted with a very beneficial feedback. Based on the findings, it was found that there is a positive changing in terms of the visualizing and imagining of the four-bar linkage mechanisms (4BL) which led to a good understanding of this subject. Further development of AR applications in the learning environment is being discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Accuracy evaluation of 3D object model"
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Korumaz, Saadet Armağan Güleç, and Büşra Kubiloğlu. "Evaluations on The Use Of 3d Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technology in Architectural Conservation Projects." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021tr0060n21.
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3D Laser Scanning technologies have proven to be significant way to architectural documentation studies. Due to these facilities, the use of technology in architectural documentation have become widespread day by day. Thanks to these technologies it is possible to get high accuracy and intense data in a short time compared to conventional methods. Therefore, this technology has increased the content and quality of conservation practices. The technology is mainly aimed at obtaining a three-dimensional model or two-dimensional layouts from a dense and detailed point cloud. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) does not only support simple CAD-based conservation projects, but also allows obtaining high-resolution plane pictures, art tours, three-dimensional mesh models, and two-dimensional maps. Besides these possibilities, high accuracy data on the morphological properties of the documented object can be obtained as a result of the analyses including point cloud. On the other hand, the technology gives possibility data to be shared in different environments and filtered data can be used online. Thus, different disciplines are able to easily access information. These features of technology add a different dimension to the studies in the field of cultural heritage and contribute to the digitalization of the heritage. In the scope of this study, evaluations are made regarding the innovations and usage possibilities brought by TLS technology to architectural documentation field based on the cultural heritage samples. In addition, within the scope of the study, trials were made on field studies for parameters that will affect data quality, accuracy and speed. In addition, within the scope of the study, some tests were made on field studies for parameters affecting data quality, accuracy and speed. With the obtained results, evaluations have been made to increase the usage potential of the technology today.
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Jacobsen, C., E. Ashe, and R. Noorani. "The Recreation and Evaluation of a Human Hand Using Low-Cost Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing Systems." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66905.
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The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost reverse engineering system to recreate a physical, three-dimensional model of a human hand. In order to achieve the goal of this research, three key objectives were fulfilled: (1) the first objective was to recreate the physical model of the human hand using a low-cost experimental setup (<$5000), (2) the second objective was to assess the ability of the reverse engineered hand to perform common tasks of everyday life, and (3) the third objective was to investigate the potential biomedical applications of the reverse engineered human hand. A chosen test subject had his or her hand molded and cast into a plaster three-dimensional model that could be held steady and scanned very precisely by a NextEngine Desktop 3D Scanner. Other methods could have been employed to achieve the scanned model, but given the experimental setup and timeline a casted model was assumed to be the most appropriate method to achieve the best results. The plaster casting of the subject’s hand was scanned several times using different orientations of the model relative to the stationary 3D scanner. From these scans, a computer CAD model of the human hand was generated, modified, and 3D printed using a Makerbot Replicator 2. The printed model was evaluated by its ability to perform common every-day tasks such as picking up a cup/bottle, holding a pen/pencil, or opening/closing around an object. Several iterations of the printed human hand were evaluated in order to determine the best design for the fingers’ joints and cable-driven motion system. The first iteration of the printed hand featured a snap-in joint system. This joint design suffered from requiring a large number of individual pieces and poor tolerances of the Makerbot printer. The second iteration featured a press fit style joint system. This system was hindered by tolerances similar to the first iteration as well as plastic deformation of the printed material due to inadequate elasticity. The third and final iteration of the joint system featured a single printed assembly for which the entire prosthetic could be printed at one time. It was expected that the hand would be able to translate the rotational movement of an individual’s wrist to tension the cables of the motion system thereby closing the fingers into a first. This movement will allow the user to close the prosthetic hand around everyday objects and pick them up with relative ease. Although the possibilities of reverse engineering and 3D printing systems have greatly expanded as a result of greater affordability and increased accuracy, their applications in the biomedical field have yet to be fully explored.
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Di Carmine, Emiliano, Bruno Facchini, and Luca Mangani. "Investigation of Innovative Trailing Edge Cooling Configurations With Enlarged Pedestals and Square or Semicircular Ribs: Part II—Numerical Results." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51048.
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Trailing edge is a critical region for turbine airfoils since this part of the blade has to match aerodynamic, cooling and structural requirements at the same time. In fact aerodynamic losses are strictly related to trailing edge thickness which, on the contrary, tends to be increased to implement an internal cooling system, in order to face high thermal loads. At the moment the most employed devices consist of pin fins of various shapes, which contribute to both heat transfer enhancement and structural resistance improvement. Enlarged pedestals decrease pressure losses in comparison with multirow pin fins, even if the heat transfer increase is limited. This work deals with the investigation of the usage of enlarged pedestals, inserted in a wedge shaped duct, in conjunction with square or semicircular rib turbulators. The aim of the analysis is the evaluation of the convective Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) distribution over the endwall surface and the pressure drop of the converging duct. Numerical analysis used 3D RANS calculations. An in-house modified object-oriented CFD code and a commercial one were used. Several turbulence models and mesh types were tested. Numerical calculations were compared with experimental results obtained on the same geometries using a transient Thermochromic Liquid Crystals (TLC) based technique. Goals of this comparison are both the evaluation of the accuracy of CFD packages with standard two equation turbulence models in heat transfer problems with complex geometries and the analysis of flow details to complete and support experimental activity.
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Fabris, Davide Maria, Remo Sala, and Tarabini Marco. "3DOPE-DL: Accuracy Evaluation of a Deep Learning Framework for 3D Object Pose Estimation." In 2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot48571.2020.9138271.
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Krenicky, Tibor, and Luboslav Straka. "DETERMINATION OF THE VOLUME OF THE TANK OF RAILWAY WAGON WITH RIBBING." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/41.
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This article is aimed at comparing the effectiveness of testing the dimensional parameters of a tank wagon with an internal ribbing with a nominal volume of 85 m3 in a production plant. One of the used methods is the traditional volumetric method, ie measuring the volume of water with a pair of flowmeters when filling the vessel. The second method is a method of computer processing of data obtained by 3d scanning of the interior of the tank from several positions and the subsequent composition of the tank model and calculation of its volume using the PolyWorks program. Evaluation of both measurement methods revealed that despite the non-trivial internal division of the measured object, both methods are sufficiently accurate, and even in this case the scanning method provides the measurement result several times faster compared to the volumetric method. In the reported example, measurement time spent to achieve results for the scanning method was approximately one third comparing with that of the water filling.
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Calvert, W. John, Andrew W. Stapleton, Paul R. Emmerson, Cecil R. Buchanan, and Christopher M. Nott. "Evaluation of a 3D Viscous Code for Turbomachinery Flows." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-078.
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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes play an increasingly important role in the design and development of turbomachinery for modern gas turbine engines. As a result additional emphasis is being placed on the evaluation of the codes to ensure that they are working correctly and to indicate the accuracy which is likely to be achieved in practice. At DERA a programme of work has been carried out to evaluate the TRANSCode 3D viscous flow code, which was developed from the BTOB3D solver written by Dawes in 1986. A three part strategy for the validation and calibration of the code was adopted, covering comparisons with boundary layer test cases, Q3D compressor cascades and full 3D cases. The results indicated that the grids currently employed for turbomachinery flows limit the accuracy achieved for cases where there is significant laminar flow. For turbulent flows the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model gives reasonably accurate results for 2D flows in near equilibrium, but it is less satisfactory for more complex flows, when the concept of a simple 2D boundary layer does not apply, and for strong shock wave/boundary layer interactions. Overall it is considered that the code is a valuable tool for turbomachinery analysis and design, but solutions must be assessed with care. Alternative turbulence models and other developments are being pursued for future versions of the code.
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Onitsuka, Shohei, Tadashi Iijima, Yuichi Ushio, Yukihiko Okuda, Takamasa Hirai, and Katsuhisa Inagaki. "Seismic Margin Evaluation Methods Using Equivalent SDOF Model and Elasto-Plastic Response Spectrum." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45469.
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Two simplified methods for evaluating seismic margin due to elasto-plastic response were proposed. Generally, elasto-plastic response is evaluated by nonlinear time-history response analysis using three-dimensional FEM model (3D FEM model). It, however, takes an immense amount of time with commonly used computers. In order to evaluate it in a shorter time, this study developed seismic margin evaluation methods using Equivalent Single Degree Of Freedom (ESDOF) model and elasto-plastic response spectrum. Additionally, the accuracy of the two methods was verified by static loading tests and vibration tests. Simple cantilever test specimens with several natural frequencies were used in the vibration tests, and input waves with several frequency characteristics were applied to each vibration test. Response displacement, response acceleration of the test specimens and input acceleration were measured in each vibration test. Maximum displacement given by ESDOF model of the test specimens was compared with the corresponding measured values of each vibration test in order to verify the accuracy of ESDOF model. Difference between the maximum displacement given by the ESDOF model and the vibration tests was around 5%, and computation time of the ESDOF model was one-tenth of 3D FEM model of the test specimens. In addition, elasto-plastic response spectrum of input waves in the vibration tests were compared with measured yield accelerations of the specimens in order to verify the accuracy of elasto-plastic response spectrum. Difference between the calculated elasto-plastic response spectrum and the measured yield acceleration of the test specimens was around 10%, and computation time of elasto-plastic response spectrum was one-tenth of the 3D FEM model. As a result, it is concluded that ESDOF model and elasto-plastic response spectrum are powerful tool to evaluate seismic margin.
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Ikeda, Toru, Masatoshi Oka, and Noriyuki Miyazaki. "Reliability Evaluation of a 3D SIC Package by the Combination of the SEM-DIC and the FEM." In ASME 2013 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2013-73126.
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Numerical methods such as the finite element method (FEM) have been used to evaluate the reliability of electronic packages. The accuracy of the analyses should be verified by some experimental measurements. In this study, we evaluated the thermal strain of a test chip for three-dimensional stacked integrated circuits (3D SIC) with both measurement and an analysis. First, the distribution of thermal strain on the cross-section of a test chip was measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the digital image correlation. Then, the distribution of strain of the test chip was also analyzed by the FEM considering the viscoelastic material properties of underfill (UF) resin measured with the stress relaxation test and the elastic-plastic material properties of components measured with the nano-indentation tests. The accuracy of the nonlinear finite element analysis was verified using the strain measurements with the SEM-DICM. A test specimen for the 3D SIC packages was built and cut out a part of the test specimen and polished its cross-section. We took digital images using a SEM (FEI Quanta 200) to measure the strain distributions on the cross-section of a specimen by the DICM. The specimen was subjected to thermal loading in a heat chamber. The temperature in the chamber was raised from 30° C to 130°C. The FE analyses were carried out using MSC.Marc™. We assumed the initial temperature of the analysis to be 150°C, which was the curing temperature of the UF resin, and decreased the temperature to 30°C during 100 seconds. Then, the temperature was raised up to 130°C, which is the same with the experiment. We compared the numerical result with the measurement and modified the model of the FE analyses.
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Yang, Xin, Yuanbo Wang, Yaru Wang, Baocai Yin, Qiang Zhang, Xiaopeng Wei, and Hongbo Fu. "Active Object Reconstruction Using a Guided View Planner." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/689.
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Inspired by the recent advance of image-based object reconstruction using deep learning, we present an active reconstruction model using a guided view planner. We aim to reconstruct a 3D model using images observed from a planned sequence of informative and discriminative views. But where are such informative and discriminative views around an object? To address this we propose a unified model for view planning and object reconstruction, which is utilized to learn a guided information acquisition model and to aggregate information from a sequence of images for reconstruction. Experiments show that our model (1) increases our reconstruction accuracy with an increasing number of views (2) and generally predicts a more informative sequence of views for object reconstruction compared to other alternative methods.
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Decker, Nathan, and Qiang Huang. "Geometric Accuracy Prediction for Additive Manufacturing Through Machine Learning of Triangular Mesh Data." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-3050.
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Abstract While additive manufacturing has seen tremendous growth in recent years, a number of challenges remain, including the presence of substantial geometric differences between a three dimensional (3D) printed part, and the shape that was intended. There are a number of approaches for addressing this issue, including statistical models that seek to account for errors caused by the geometry of the object being printed. Currently, these models are largely unable to account for errors generated in freeform 3D shapes. This paper proposes a new approach using machine learning with a set of predictors based on the geometric properties of the triangular mesh file used for printing. A direct advantage of this method is the simplicity with which it can describe important properties of a 3D shape and allow for predictive modeling of dimensional inaccuracies for complex parts. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, a sample dataset of 3D printed objects and their corresponding deviations was generated. This dataset was used to train a random forest machine learning model and generate predictions of deviation for a new object. These predicted deviations were found to compare favorably to the actual deviations, demonstrating the potential of this approach for applications in error prediction and compensation.