Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accumulation dans la cellule'
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Kaščáková, Slávka. "The study of the interaction between hypericin and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) : the effect of the LDL receptors on the accumulation of the complex hypericin/LDL in glioma cells U-87 MG." Université d’Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2081.
Full textThe incorporation and subcellular localization of photosensitizers (pts) are critical determinants of their efficiency in photodynamic therapy. The most important transporters of hydrophobie pts are low-density lipoproteins (LOL). Hypericin (Hyp) is a natural photosensitizing pigment. According to character of Hyp and possibility of its specific targeting into cells through LDL, the study of •. Interaction of Hyp with LDL is important. By means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy we showed, that Hyp binds to LOL as monomers up to concentration ratio Hyp/LDL = 30:1. Further increasing ofHyp concentration leads to the formation of Hyp aggregates inside LDL and/or dynamic self-quenching of Hyp. We demonstrated that photoactivated Hyp oxidizes LDL. The maximum of the oxidation of LDL by Hyp is achieved for ratio Hyp/LDL = 30: 1. For higher ratio a decrease in the oxidation of LDL was observed. Further the dependence of the uptake of Hyp by U-87 MG cells on the level of expression of LDL receptors was studied. The results show that the composition of incubation medium influences the concentration of Hyp in cells. The intracellular concentration of Hyp in the presence of LDL is proportional to the Hyp/LDL ratio. A role of LDL receptor pathway for Hyp delivery to cells was confinned by the increase of Hyp uptake in the presence ofLDL for the higher number of LDL receptors. The co-localization experiments showed the lysosomal localization of Hyp with enhanced Hyp concentration for cells with elevated number of LDL receptors when LDL was used as transporters. Our results suggest that LDL and its pathway play an important role in the Hyp delivery and accumulation into the cells
Marella, Mathieu. "La protéine prion associée à la pathologie : accumulation cellulaire et implication dans la migration des cellules microgliales." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4036.
Full textTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals. They are characterized by the accumulation in central nervous system of a protein called PrPsc. This protein is the isoforme of a physiological protein mainly expressed at the surface of nerve cells and called PrPc. The accumulation and the aggregation of PrPsc come from a shift in tridimensional structure of PrPc. This simple conformational change of PrPc in PrPsc may lead the pathogenesis events encountered during the TSE. Our primary work attempts to inhibit the production of PrPsc using two strategies: first by specifically down regulating the synthesis of PrPc using Silencer RNA technique, secondly by disrupting the cellular localization of the PrPsc production using polyenic antibiotic called filipin. The second part of our work concerns the recruitment of microglial cells during disease. In affected brains, these cells were localized around PrPsc deposits and cerebral lesions. It has been shown that the recruitment of microglial cells precedes neuronal death. Thus understanding the molecular events implied in this recruitment seems essential. In the laboratory, the role of some of neuronal chemokines in this phenomenon has been demonstrated. Neurons incubated with PrPsc liberate chemokines like RANTES provoking the migration of the microglial cells. We have also demonstrated that the repression of the action of RANTES or its receptor CCR5, diminish the migration. Finally, we have determined the intra-neuronal signaling pathway responsible of the chemokines synthesis. Taken together these results represent new original ways for therapy
Dzamitika, Simplice Arsène. "Transport et accumulation de médicaments à base de métaux ou métalloïdes dans des cellules cancéreuses et dans les parasites de type Leishmania." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132008.
Full textNAUDASCHER, FRANCOIS. "Apport de precurseurs terpeniques et accumulation des alcaloides indoliques. Etude dans des cellules de catharanthus roseus cultivees in vitro." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR4009.
Full textFrifra, Mehdi. "Impact des Nutriments sur les Maladies Métaboliques : caractérisation d'échantillons végétaux sur des modèles cellulaires impliqués dans l’obésité." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0084.
Full textObesity is a metabolic disorder that is spreading worldwide. Obesity can lead to many diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or atherosclerosis. Nutritional approach appears to be an essential strategy for the prevention of metabolic disorders. Indeed, some studies show the correlation between vegetables’ consumption and decrease of cardiovascular diseases.The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of harvests and storages’ conditions coupled with genetic variability of two vegetables (apples and carrots) on cellular models in which their function is altered during obesity (hepatocytes and adipocytes). Four varieties of apple (Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Pink Lady) have been used depending on four different types of storage whereas six varieties of carrots (Karotan, Bolero, Presto, Deep Purple, Kintoki and Blanche des Vosges) have been harvested in four different ways.The strategy of this project is to put some proper protocols for cellular screening in different metabolic processes such as apoptosis, adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress. Cellulars creening showed variabilities on samples effects depending on storage and harvest conditions, and genetic variabilities. These results allowed us to classify samples according to their most interesting beneficial effects. Then, we chose apple samples with the highest anti-apoptotic effects on endothelial cells in order to investigate their mechanisms of action. The results show that the ability of apple samples to reduce apoptosis is associated with the modulation of oxidative stress
Ducousso, Mathieu. "Acoustique picoseconde dans une cellule biologique individuelle." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537030.
Full textGuéguan, Sarah. "Rôle de la polarisation cellualire T dans la sécrétion de cytokines et dans le dialogue entre cellule T et cellule dentritique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T001.
Full textInteraction between T cell and dendritic cell (DC) leads to immune synapse (IS) formation, cytoskeleton remodeling, and reorientation of the T cell microtubule organizing center (MTOC) toward the DC. We have shown that MTOC polarization controls CD154/CD40 signalization necessary to IL-12 production by DC induced by T cells. T cell polarization inhibition also inhibits specifically IFN-gamma secretion without affecting other cytokines. Cdc42 activity or expression reduction which impairs normal immune synapse formation, inhibits specifically IFN-gamma secretion. Cdc42-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling at the IS controls the last step of IFN-gamma production, its secretion. This work underlines the role of T cell polarization in the cross-talk between T cell and dendritic cell and in cytokine secretionby helper T cells
Tremblay, Maxime. "Rôles de KLF6 dans l'expression de INSL3 dans la cellule de LEYDIG." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27078/27078.pdf.
Full textPOLLET, BERTRAND. "Que penser des cellules hematopoietiques immatures dans les liquides cephalo-rachidiens ?" Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M375.
Full textHenry, Cindy. "Le rôle de ST18 dans la cellule pancréatique bêta." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28661/28661.pdf.
Full textOshima, Masaya. "Rôles de SOX9 dans la cellule ß pancréatique humaine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB040.
Full textNo abstract
Farina, Francesca. "Transport de l'ADN dans le cytoplasme d'une cellule eucaryote." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066283.
Full textRingeard, Sophie. "Role des integrines dans la reaction stromale des tumeurs coliques." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT02VS.
Full textSeddiki, Rima. "Etude mécanique des adhésions cellule-cellule : Rôle de l'interaction α-caténine/vinculine dans la mécanotransduction des contacts intercellulaires." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077135.
Full textTissue-scale mechanics is important in morphogenesisihomeostasis and wound healing. Cells apply mechanical force on each other at sites of cell-ceil adhesion, typically through cadherins. Cadherins act as mechanotransducers allowing intercellular adhesions to sense, transmit and adapt to mechanical stress. However, mechanotransduction through cadherin contacts remains a poorly understood problem in mechanobiology. Our team recently demonstrated that a¬catenin reversibly unfolds upon physiologically-relevant forces allowing the binding of another actin binding protein, vinculin, suggesting that the tension-dependent binding of vinculin to α-catenin is essential for cell-cell adhesion mechanosensing. During my thesis I focused on the role of a-catenin which links cadherins to the acto-myosin network and her partner, vinculin, in the mechanotransduction of cadherin adhesion. I generated GFP-tagged mutated a-catenin constructs: one bearing a point mutation in the vinculin binding domain (L344P) and the other deleted of the MI and MII modulation domains (DeltaMod), not able to bind and constitutively binding vinculin, respectively. Both constructs expressed in a-catenin-depleted MDCK cells restored the formation of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts, although L344P did not allow vinculin recruitment. Then, by piating epithelial MDCK cells on substrates of controlled rigidities, I first showed that the stability of a-catenin at cell-cell contacts, as analyzed by FRAP, as well as the extent of recruitment of vinculin and actin increases with substrate stiffness. I further showed that the binding of vinculin regulates the stiffness-dependent stabilization of a-catenin at cell-cell contacts. The analysis of cell-cell cohesion dynamics, by Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), and force transmission, by micro-force sensor substrate on confined fibronectin-coated substrates revealed that cell-cell contact stability, cell-to-cell mechanical coupling and collective movement ail increase with the ability of α-catenin to bind vinculin. Thus the interaction between a-catenin and vinculin is crucial for cell-cell adhesion to sense and adapt to mechanical stress. This interaction in needed for cells to develop stable cell-cell contacts and long-range interactions as well as coordinated motions. In a pathological context such as cancer, loss of cell-cell contact is crucial for the development of metastases, identifying the severity and often leading to therapeutic failure. Thus understandinç the mechanisms underlying cell-cell adhesions stability and cell migration is critical to develop longer-term adapted therapeutics
Bervar, Jean-François. "Auto-anticorps anticellules endotheliales dans l'asthme severe." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M237.
Full textMorandi, Anne. "Intégration de matériaux oxydes innovants dans une cellule IT-SOFC." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860737.
Full textSpriet, Corentin Vandenbunder Bernard. "Instrumentation biophotonique pour la mesure d'interactions moléculaires dans la cellule." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1042.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3950. Résumés en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 175-179. Liste des publications.
Tenenbaum, Mathie. "Rôle des Sérine/Thréonine Kinases dans la cellule bêta pancréatique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S011/document.
Full textPancreatic beta cell constantly tunes insulin production to meet the body needs. The insulin production adaptation is achieved thanks to highly adaptive beta cell metabolism, signaling, secretory machinery and mass. The beta-cell function and mass plasticity are particularly critical during nutritional, body growth and physiological changes such as obesity, pregnancy and postnatal development of newborn. Functional beta cell demise account for diabetes is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.In vertebrates, serine-threonine kinases (STKs) drive key signaling pathways for adaptive cells response to the environment. The overall goal of the thesis was to identify the signaling pathways responsible for the development of beta cell mass during postnatal development, pregnancy and obesity. Identification of these signaling pathways may help in understanding the functional beta cell mass demise induced by the diabetogenic environment (e.g oxidized LDL, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, etc.) in diabetic patients. By investigating beta cell mass plasticity in 10 day old neonate rats, we found a significant increase in the expression of Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) protein when compared to islets from adult rats. In islets of pups, the increase of DLK expression coincides with a very high proliferative rate of beta cells and activation of "cJun-amino terminal Kinase 3" (JNK3) signaling, an STK belonging to “mitogen activated protein kinase” (MAPKs) family. As observed for DLK, in islets of rat pups, the genetic disruption of JNK3 drastically reduces the number of beta cells leading to glucose intolerance. Finally, we also observed that MAPKs link oxidized LDL to beta cell death via mechanisms involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Our results show the critical importance of MAPK signaling in controlling beta cell survival and proliferation in response to physiological condition and diabetes
Reichert, Benjamin. "Dynamique d'une goutte 2D dans une cellule de Hele-Shaw." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET028/document.
Full textDroplet microfluidics is a growing field of research. However, the dynamics of these objects remain misunderstood. Indeed, a question as fundamental as predicting the droplet velocity while pushed by an external fluid at a given velocity is still not answered. Understanding the dynamics of a droplet requires to characterize the viscous dissipation mechanisms (friction) within the droplet and in the lubrication film. This dissipation is related to the shape and to the physicochemical properties of the interface separating the inner phase of the droplet from the outer phase. This thesis presents a characterization of the dynamics of 2D droplets in a Hele-Shaw cell, by taking advantage of the double measurement of the lubrication film by interference microscopy and of the droplet velocity. Firstly, we study experimentally the influence of the droplet viscosity and surfactant concentration on the shape of the interface. The comparison between the topographies measured experimentally with the theoretical models already existing and the new one developed in this thesis, reveals that the use of a purely hydrodynamical approach in order to derive the theoretical topography only allows to recover the experimental topography if the system is surfactant free or if the droplet viscosity is high enough to overcome the Marangoni effect at the interface. In the other cases, the shape of the interface depends on the Marangoni stress exerted either locally or globally at the interface of the droplet. In a second part, the derivation of a theoretical model for the droplet velocity, based on the modeling of the lubrication film topographies measured experimentally, allows to recover quantitatively, and without any fitting parameter, the experimental data on droplet velocities
Georget, Virginie. "Dynamique intracellulaire du récepteur des androgènes dans une cellule vivante." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T025.
Full textGomord, Véronique. "Contrôle de l'adressage de la sporamine dans la cellule végétale." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES054.
Full textSpriet, Corentin. "Instrumentation biophotonique pour la mesure d'interactions moléculaires dans la cellule." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Spriet.pdf.
Full textNicolas, Alexandra. "Le double rôle de la cellule dendritique dans l'immunité antitumorale : au delà d'une cellule présentatrice d'antigènes, un effecteur cytotoxique." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOMU09.
Full textIn this study, we showed that dendritic cells generated from their bone marrow precursors in rats are able to exert a direct cytotoxic activity on a wide range of tumor cells. This cytotoxicity was enhanced in the presence of LPS and is mediated by nitric oxide. We have also examined the type of tumor cell death induced by dendritic cells activated by LPS and shown that this is not apoptosis but rather a necrosis-like death. In addition, these dendritic cells are mature but retain their ability to encocytes and induce proloferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes. In vivo injections of LPS induce an arrest of tumor growth associated with an overexpression of inducible no synthase by intratumoral dendritic cells. Meanwhile, we looked for the influence of three different types of tumor cell death on the maturation and activation of these same dendritic cells generated from bone marrow precursors. Apoptosis, necrosis and death obtained by fusion of tumor cells showed a similar efficiency to stimulate maturation of dendritic cells and their ability to induce activation of T lymphocytes. Our study suggests the possibility to activate dendritic cells with agents such as LPS to destroy tumor cells, and thus promote the release of their antigenic proteins which may be endocyted and presented to T lymphocytes by these dendritic cells, professional antigen presenting cells
OSKERITZIAN, CAROLE. "Le mastocyte murin dans la pathogenese inflammatoire : cellule cible d'agonistes immunologiques et non immunologiques et cellule effectrice de l'eosinopoiese." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077280.
Full textJo, Hyunah. "L' accumulation : de la surface à l'espace stratifié." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010648.
Full textCetik, Sibel. "Identification, caractérisation et fonction des transporteurs du glucose dans les glandes sous-maxillaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/248332.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences dentaires
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
HUSLER, ISABELLE. "La cellule de langerhans : caracteristiques et role dans l'allergie de contact." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10707.
Full textReyes, Moreno Carlos. "Interactions cellule-cellule au niveau des métastases osseuses, implications dans la physiopathologie de la réaction osseuse et la chimiorésistance tumorale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0026/NQ36318.pdf.
Full textMazzocco, Julie. "Métabolisme des plasmalogènes dans les cellules gliales rétiniennes : interactions cellule-cellule au cours du développement vasculaire rétinien normal ou pathologique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCI003/document.
Full textRetinal vascular disorders such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration represent the first cause of vision loss at all ages in industrialized countries. Many epidemiological or animal studies have shown the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the regulation of vascular development and more specifically the beneficial properties of omega 3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA) against pathological vascularization. Those PUFA are esterified on glycerophospholipids (GP). GP are the primary constituents of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. PUFA can be also esterified on a specific class of GP, called plasmalogens. Plasmalogens are characterized by the presence of a vinyl ether linkage at the sn-1 position of glycerol instead of an ester linkage as seen in other GP. PUFA are released from plasmalogens by a calcium-independent phospholipase (iPLA2). Free PUFA can be converted into biologically active metabolites. Plasmalogens may have an impact on the development and the maturation of retinal vascular network through the PUFA they release through the control of astrocyte template formation prior to vessel formation. Astrocytes and Müller cells are macroglials cells providing physical and metabolic supports to the retina. Müller cells are key actors of the retinal lipid metabolism. The aim of this work was to evaluate the involvement of plasmalogens in Müller cells and astrocytes metabolism as well as in the ability of these cells to communicate. On one hand, we have studied the effects of a decrease in plasmalogen biosynthesis and/or in iPLA2 activity on Müller cell physiology. Müller cells express a biosynthesis key enzyme of plasmalogen and reducing the biosynthesis of plasmalogens affects Müller cell ability to migrate through the ERK1/2 MAPK signalling. In a second series of studies, we studied the repercussions of such modifications on Müller cell physiology on their ability to communicate with retinal astrocytes through calcium signalling. Our results suggest that affecting plasmalogen metabolism in Müller cells alters the communication between astrocytes and Müller cells. Finally, and in order to investigate whether plasmalogen metabolism may be modified in a human disease displaying abnormal retinal vascular development, we performed a lipidomic study of circulating lipids in infants affected by retinopathy of prematurity. ROP was characterized by the accumulation of n-6 PUFA at the expense of n-3 PUFA, these changes being associated to plasmalogens. All these experiments confirm the importance of lipid metabolism, and especially plasmalogens, on the retina functioning
Ariana, Mohsen. "Simulation numérique de transfert de masse dans une cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6852.
Full textRésumé : L’étude des mécanismes de transfert de masse des ions dans le bain électrolytique dans une cellule d’électrolyse d’aluminium se heurte aux conditions sévères qui y sont rencontrées : haute température, milieu corrosif, etc. Cependant, il est important de connaitre ces mécanismes de transfert en raison de leurs grands impacts sur les paramètres indicatifs du procédé d’électrolyse, par exemple l’efficacité du courant. Le calcul numérique est une façon de surmonter ces difficultés et d’éclairer les aspects moins connus du procédé de production d’aluminium. L’électrolyte utilisé pour l’électrolyse est composé par différents ions qui se déplacent dans un champ électromagnétique. Ce dernier est généré par le courant électrique intense qui passe par la couche d’aluminium et le bain. Le comportement dynamique des ions est sujet à leur gradient de concentration (la diffusion), à l’écoulement du bain (la convection) et au champ électrique (la migration). Dans le cadre de cette étude, le mouvement des ions est analysé et l’importance relative de la diffusion et de la migration est comparée en régime transitoire pour deux classes d’espèces électroactives et non-électroactives. Pour ces deux types d’espèces, on observe que la migration est le mécanisme dominant de transfert de masse dès les premières phases de l’électrolyse. Cependant, la diffusion devient graduellement le mécanisme le plus important aux électrodes pour des espèces électroactives comme Al[indice inférieur 2]OF[indice inférieur 6][indice supérieur -2] et AlF[indice inférieur 4][indice supérieur -]. Le champ électrique et le champ de concentration ont été simulés à partir d’un modèle 2-D. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a un gradient de concentration entre l’espace inter-électrodes et la région proche de la couche de gelée. Par conséquent, il y a diffusion des espèces entre ces deux régions qui vient diminuer le gradient de concentration et ainsi éviter l’épuisement des ions Al[indice inférieur 2]OF[indice inférieur 6][indice supérieur -2] ou la surconcentration des ions AlF[indice inférieur 4][indice supérieur -]. En outre, un code libre a été développé et implémenté sur OpenFOAM (une plateforme libre de librairies C++). Ce code est capable de résoudre simultanément les équations du champ électrique, du transfert de masse et de Navier-Stokes. Les principaux apports de cette thèse, tel que les modèles et résultats obtenus, peuvent éclairer les mécanismes de transfert de masse dans le bain et aux électrodes et ainsi améliorer leur compréhension.
André, Isabelle. "Contribution de la cellule de Langerhans dans le système immunitaire cutané." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P261.
Full textCaccianini, Laura. "Imagerie de l'architecture dynamique de la chromatine dans la cellule unique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02896692.
Full textChromatin structure and cellular function are tightly linked in the nucleus of mammalian cells. Disruption of chromatin spatial organisation dramatically affects the life of a cell and eventually leads to severe pathologies in entire organisms. Two nuclear factors, CTCF and Cohesin, have been found to play a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of DNA architecture. Huge advancements have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms behind chromatin arrangement but the field is still lacking a dynamic picture at the single cell and single molecule level. This study provide this study provides insight into the dynamics of CTCF and Cohesin through single particle tracking of CTCF and Cohesin dynamics achieved with single molecule tracking in living mouse embryonic stem cells. The interplay between these two factors was studied by looking at Cohesin’s behaviour in the absence of CTCF and in the context of other biological alterations
Bobo, Marie-Hélène. "Approche pharmacologique de l'homéostasie calcique dans la cellule musculaire lisse gastrique." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13503.
Full textDelneste, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle de la cellule endothéliale dans l'asthme." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10158.
Full textAULIAC, PIERRE. "Biosynthese et transfert du cholesterol dans la cellule hepatique du rat." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066017.
Full textGache, Vincent. "Identification de protéines associées à l'hétérodimère de tubuline dans la cellule." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10135.
Full textMicrotubules play essential roles in a number of cellular processes in cells. Free tubulin concentration influences dramatically microtubule assembly and dynamics. Proteins interacting either with microtubules or with tubulin dimers can modulate microtubule dynamics. Here, we have investigated proteins interacting specifically with native tubulin dimers. For this, an immunoaffinity purification approach was used for proteins interacting specifically with native tubulin dimers. For this, an immunoaffinity purification approch was used for proteins isolation and mass-spectrometry for proteins identification. The identification of proteins that were known to interact with tubulin dimers allows us to validate our approach. Moreover, we have found proteins that were known to interact with microtubules, using other methods, we show that XMAP215, the Xenopus ortholog of TOGp, interact directly with tubulin dimers. We have isolated members of the large family of chaperones. Several studies of the interaction of chaperones with tubulin or microtubules seem controversial. We set out to investigate properties of one member of the Hsp71 family : Hsc70. We showed, in vitro, that there is no direct interaction between Hsc70 and tubulin dimers and/or microtubules. Moreover, Hsc70 does not affect microtubule assembly. These results suggest that the interaction in the cells with microtubules must be indirect. We also identified proteins that were known to have an indirect connection with microtubules. Finally, we found proteins that were not known to interact with tubulin dimers such as adenosine deaminase, ATP-citrate-lyase, ACP2 and LRP130
BADRICHANI, ANNE ZEINA. "Role des proteines anti-apoptotiques dans la cellule endotheliale (doctorat : immunologie)." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05N150.
Full textAntigny, Cécile. "Le travail du tiers dans l'institution : fonctionnement d'une cellule psychologique interne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2043&f=15190.
Full textThis research falls within the field of clinical psychology of groups and institutions referring to psychoanalysis. By way of a clinical study of internal listening units for employees in institutions (nursing homes, follow-up care clinics, psychiatric clinics), we will address the conditions third parties face within an institution. Following a violent, potentially traumatic event, such as the suicide of a patient, the institutions concerned may make use to this device. Two psychologists, also employees of one of the institutions' establishments, come to listen to the institution's employees. As a clinical psychologist, regularly posted to work inside the studied system, I have conducted my research from within the institution. I sought to define the difficulty facing third parties in finding their place when the framework is so interconnected (the establishment, the institution employing the psychologists, the psychology unit, the institution where the psychologist is posted) and aims to implement issues inherent to such a position. The methodology, in principle, creating a vast separation, consists of analyzing the clinical observations collected from a participatory standpoint in order to decompress them in an external research group brought together for this purpose. All of the documentation related to the studied system for a period of ten years was also analyzed, as well as several meetings between the participants. The primary function of care institutions is to address differences, differentiation, and lack of differentiation. Two poles complicate this reflection. On one hand, they condense the suffering of the populations they receive and the healing ideal they promote and in their negative incarnation, can prove to be a potentially destructive and alienating force; on the other hand, they are currently under great economic strain and a profound restructuration of the meta-social guarantors seeking to redefine themselves. This kind of questioning requires space for reflection, however small, within the institution. Addressing the conditions of third parties can contribute to relieving these spaces and help to open up the dialectic and creative possibilities for the issues surrounding caregiving. The space created however, is not guaranteed. A fourth and temporal dimension cannot be excluded. This dimension can be ascribed in a story that takes into account the legacies of the past, the difficulty in connecting them, helping to envision and work towards a possible continuation. This is what the account of the research process intends to illustrate
Esta investigación se circunscribe al campo de la psicología clínica de grupos e instituciones relacionados con el psicoanálisis. Mediante el estudio clínico de una unidad de atención destinada a los profesionales de la propia Institución Sanitaria: (Residencias de la Tercera Edad, Clínicas de Rehabilitación, Clínicas Psiquiátricas), es decir, una unidad interna de dicha organización, proponemos reflexionar sobre las condiciones necesarias para ocupar el lugar del Tercero. Tras un acontecimiento violento, potencialmente traumatizante, como el suicidio de un paciente, las instituciones afectadas pueden recurrir a este dispositivo. Una pareja de psicólogos empleados a su vez por uno de los centros pertenecientes a la organización se desplaza al centro para atender y escuchar a los profesionales afectados que han vivido en primera persona esta experiencia. Siendo psicóloga clínica en una clínica psiquiátrica, me desvinculo regularmente para trabajar desde el interior del dispositivo objeto de investigación. Trato de definir las dificultades para adoptar el lugar del Tercero cuando el entorno se ha enrarecido hasta este punto (el de la organización, el del establecimiento donde trabaja el psicólogo, el de la unidad de atención psicológica, el del centro donde interviene el psicólogo) y trato de poner los mecanismos de dicho posicionamiento a trabajar. La metodología, utilizando un símil con la técnica literaria de las cajas chinas, consiste en analizar observaciones clínicas reunidas desde la posición del participante para descomprimirlo en un grupo de investigación externo creado con este objetivo. También se ha estudiado el conjunto de documentación relativa al dispositivo generada desde hace diez años, así como algunas reuniones de los participantes. Las instituciones sanitarias, para asumir su tarea principal, examinan la diferencia, la indiferencia, la diferenciación y la indiferenciación. Sin embargo, hay dos cuestiones que generan mayor complejidad en este ejercicio de reflexión. Por un lado, se condesa, a causa del sufrimiento de los que acuden a estas Instituciones Sanitarias, y a causa del ideal de cura que se promueve, y su reverso negativo, una fuerza potencialmente destructora y alienante. Por otro lado, se produce un sometimiento a diversas coacciones económicas y a profundos reajustes por parte de los garantes metasociales y metafísicos que se redefinen. Este planteamiento, busca conquistar espacios de pensamiento dentro de la institución, por más escasos que resulten. Poner en marcha las condiciones de la tercerización puede contribuir a distender dichos espacios y abrir posibilidades dialécticas y creativas sobre los desafíos que implica el cuidado. Sin embargo, el espacio generado no está garantizado. No se puede ignorar una cuarta dimensión, la temporal, que permite inscribirse en una historia que tiene en cuenta la herencia del pasado y las dificultades presentes para vincularlas, e imaginar y actuar en consecuencia. Esto es lo que intenta ilustrar el relato del proceso de esta investigación
Bornaque, Florine. "Rôle de l'épitranscriptome dans la physiopathologie de la cellule β pancréatique." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS059.pdf.
Full textThe prevalence of diabetes in the world continues to increase, with an estimate of 700 million patients by 2045. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of the disease has become a major public health issue to prevent the progression of diabetes in the world.Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia (> 1.26 g / L) caused by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and loss of function and / or mass of pancreatic β cells. These cells, present in the islets of Langerhans, are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate homeostasis by secreting insulin, a hypoglycemic hormone that acts on various tissues sensitive to insulin, such as the liver, muscle or adipose tissue. The pathophysiological dysfunction of β cells, following numerous cellular stresses (oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, etc.), is at the origin of the development of T2D.In addition to genetic factors, obesity induced by a diet rich in fats and sugars, physical inactivity and aging are considered to be major environmental risk factors for the development of T2DM. These factors modify the environment of the cells and cause chemical modifications of DNA (methylation of cytosines) or histones (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination), called epigenetic modifications, thus modulating the expression of many genes and altering, in particular, the identity or function of pancreatic β cells.Other aspects of the regulation of gene expression are little studied in the context of type 2 diabetes. Indeed, RNAs can also be subjected to chemical changes sensitive to environmental signals, such as DNA. These epitranscriptomic modifications correspond to the chemical and reversible modifications of RNA, the most common is m6A methylation, at position N6 of adenosine. The methyl group is added by a protein complex composed in particular of methyltransferases METTL3 and METTL14 and can be removed by demethylases ALKBH5 or FTO. These modifications can be recognized by cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins, which will affect the translation, splicing, stability, structure or localization of RNAs.This modification is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, its role in T2D is still poorly understood, although it has recently been shown that m6A methylation may be altered in the pancreatic islet and affect insulin secretion.Thus, in this thesis work, we hypothesized that the environment, through variations in glycemia or free fatty acid concentrations in the blood, could induce changes in the m6A methylation of RNAs and lead to pancreatic β cell dysfunction during T2D.The results obtained during this thesis show a significant decrease in m6A methylation in the presence of a high concentration of glucose, both in mice and in islets obtained from human donors, associated with altered expression levels of m6A demethylases. Palmitate induces the opposite effect with an increase in m6A methylation and a reduction in the expression of demethylases. In addition, the use of siRNA and/or specific inhibitors demonstrates that these enzymes modulate the expression of genes involved in the identity of pancreatic β cells and insulin secretion stimulated by glucose.These results, combined with data from the literature, suggest that changes in glucose concentration regulate m6A methylation, which plays a key role in controlling gene expression for the identity and function of pancreatic β cells. Thus, our results highlight new mechanisms potentially involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and may therefore contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of this disease
Briard, Diane. "Le fibroblaste humain : cellule effectrice dans l'hématopoi͏̈èse et dans la métaplasie myéloi͏̈de primitive avec myélofibrose." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11T010.
Full textCoulibaly, Arona. "Approche du confort thermique dans l'habitat social en milieu tropical : simulation numérique d'une cellule d'habitation, validation du modèle sur cellule-test." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120062.
Full textMovassagh, Mojgan. "Optimisation du transfert de genes a l'aide de retrovirus recombinants dans les progeniteurs hematopoietiques et les cellules dendritiques chez l'homme." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114811.
Full textGarrigue-Antar, Laure. "Role du transforming growth factor beta 1 dans la progression tumorale colique." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT08VS.
Full textGao, Hongying. "Organisation de l’activité neuronale cérébelleuse lors de d’une tâche de préhension et reste dans des rats déplacant librement." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066080.
Full textThe cerebellum is a brain structure involved in coordination complex motor actions such as voluntary movements. To achieve this function, the precise temporal control of a large population of neurons is required. While a large number of patterned population activity has been characterized in many major brain structures (thalamo-cortical system, basal ganglia, hippocampal formation, etc…), very little is currently known in the cerebellum. Therefore, I investigated the presence and characteristics of such an organization in freely-moving rats, especially when they perform a reach-and-grasp task. The cerebellar cortex has a strong topographical organization, such that neighboring cells share similar input sources and output targets. Therefore, studying the local network properties in the cerebellar cortex allows to access to functionally-relevant population activity. First, I demonstrated that multi-wire electrodes, tetrodes, may be used to record multiple neighboring cells in chronic recordings of freely behaving animals using a custom-made microdrive. Second, I examined in the area of the cerebellar cortex controlling limb movements how the principle cells (the Purkinje cells) coordinate their firing during rest and fast forelimb motor action. Using simultaneous electrophysiological recordings of multiple single cells, I found that neighboring Purkinje cells exhibit consistently a co-modulation of their firing rate at time scale of a few milliseconds. This correlated firing is observed during sleep and active exploration, and increases during motor execution. Our results thus indicate that during a fast and complex movement, local assemblies of Purkinje cells form dynamically at short time scales and will produce very transient episodes of inhibition in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Third, in a collaboration with the group of Richard Courtemanche, we studied the link between neuronal firing and slow local field oscillations that are observed in the cerebellum at rest. We found that a large proportion of Golgi cells and Purkinje cells are modulated during the oscillations. These results indicate that these slow oscillations, that may be also observed in the motor cortex, are propagated in the cerebellar cortex. Overall, my work has identified and characterized a number of state-dependent population activity patterns in the cerebellar cortex. How these patterns impact on the motor system largely remains to be understood and should be examined in future studies
Lagier, Samuel. "L' inhibition dans le bulbe olfactif de rongeur : du recepteur GABAergique aux oscillations du réseau neuronal." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066573.
Full textPerrier, Noël. "Expression et accumulation fonctionnelle de l'acétylcholinestérase dans le système nerveux central." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S030.
Full textAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) exists in various molecular forms, depending on alternative splicing and association with other proteins. In the brain, the major species consists of AChET tetramers anchored to the cell membrane of neurons by the PRiMA protein. We analyzed the mRNA expression of PRiMA in the mouse brain, which seems to represent a limiting factor for proper AChE accumulation. We also investigated the role of the C-terminal domain of AChET : its aromatic residues are implicated in folding, secretion and degradation of unassembled subunits. Stress and AChE inhibitors have been reported to induce the expression of the AChER variant, which produces a soluble monomer. We analysed AChE expression in the mouse brain after an immobilization stress and after heat shock in neuroblastoma cells, as well as after irreversible AChE inhibition. We observed a moderate increase of the expression of the AChER variant in some cases, but we did not detect the corresponding active enzyme in vivo
Seksek, Olivier. "Ph intracellulaire et microspectrofluorimetrie laser. Distribution spatiale dans une cellule isolee et dans un systeme pluricellulaire." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066330.
Full textPain, Sonia. "Simulation numérique du mouvement des fluides dans une cellule de Hall-Héroult /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3497.
Full textAuclair, Joëlle. "Étude des interactions cellule-matrice dans l'ancrage des cellules souches intestinales humaines." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3795.
Full textJournet, Etienne-Pascal. "Quelques observations sur le métabolisme carboné dans la cellule végétale non-chlorophyllienne." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375948336.
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