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1
Bamba, Ousmane. "Évolution géodynamique externe et implication sur le devenir de l’or en contexte sub-sahélien." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-064.
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L’or est un métal chimiquement peu mobile pouvant se concentrer dans les matériaux de surface, soit par accumulation relative dans les sites éluviaux, soit par accumulation absolue dans les placers alluviaux. Ces matériaux de surface peuvent être exploités traditionnellement par les orpailleurs ou par voie industrielle. C’est dire toute l’importance d’une bonne connaissance du cycle supergène de l’or pour l’élaboration de critère de prospection et l’amélioration des techniques de récupération. Le site de la présente étude, situé au Nord du Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest) est un gîte d’or alluvial, où nous avons effectué des études morphopédologique, minéralogique et géochimique. Ces investigations montrent que deux principales dynamiques sédimentaires ont généré le gîte : (i) une dynamique ancienne tracée par l’or grossier, les zircons grossiers, le quartz et les nodules ferrugineux centimétriques, (ii) une dynamique actuelle à subactuelle tracée par des sédiments plus fins argilo-sableux et sablo-argileux pauvres en or. Les marques de l’évolution morphodynamique du paysage affectent diversement les grains d’or, dont les études morphoscopique et chimique indiquent que ces particules, issues de plusieurs sources parentales, ont subi des cycles d’altération et de transport mécanique importants tendant à leur homogénéisation tant du point de vue morphologique que chimique.
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Rahim, Andi Rahmad, Dwi Retnaningtyas Utami, and Ubaidillah. "Density of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) and Its Impact on Growth and Lead Accumulation in Polyculture Systems in Tropical Waters." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 27, no. 1 (January 11, 2025): 79–89. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2025/v27i1865.
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Aims: Green mussels (Perna viridis) are filter-feeding organisms known for accumulating heavy metals, including lead (Pb), in their tissues, making them valuable bioindicators of water quality. Study Design: This study aimed to assess the impact of different stocking densities on the growth and lead accumulation in Perna viridis. Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted at a traditional pond in Ujungpangkah Subdistrict, Gresik, East Java, over a period of 21 days, from June 27 to July 18, 2024. Methodology: A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with three treatment groups: Treatment A (10 mussels/m²), Treatment B (20 mussels/m²), and Treatment C (30 mussels/m²). The parameters measured included the absolute flesh width, daily growth rate, and lead content in the mussels. Result: Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in the daily growth rate among the treatments (p > 0.05), suggesting that stocking density did not significantly influence growth. However, significant differences in the absolute flesh width were observed, with Treatment C showing the largest absolute flesh width at higher density. Additionally, lead accumulation increased with stocking density, with mussels in Treatment C accumulating the highest levels of lead (1.14 mg/L). This suggests that, while the growth rate was unaffected by density, the absolute flesh width are influenced by stocking density. The bioaccumulation of lead in mussels was also interpreted descriptively, considering the mussels' need for a suitable environment to mitigate environmental stressors. The findings underline the importance of considering both the growth and environmental health of the mussels, especially in relation to density management to prevent heavy metal accumulation.
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Correa-Galeote, David, Lucia Argiz, Angeles Val del Rio, Anuska Mosquera-Corral, Belen Juarez-Jimenez, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez, and Belen Rodelas. "Dynamics of PHA-Accumulating Bacterial Communities Fed with Lipid-Rich Liquid Effluents from Fish-Canning Industries." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071396.
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The biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from industrial wastes by mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) enriched in PHA-accumulating bacteria is a promising technology to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, the populations’ dynamics in the PHA-accumulating MMCs are not well known. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to address the shifts in the size and structure of the bacterial communities in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with fish-canning effluents and operated under non-saline (SBR-N, 0.5 g NaCl/L) or saline (SBR-S, 10 g NaCl/L) conditions, by using a combination of quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. A double growth limitation (DGL) strategy, in which nitrogen availability was limited and uncoupled to carbon addition, strongly modulated the relative abundances of the PHA-accumulating bacteria, leading to an increase in the accumulation of PHAs, independently of the saline conditions (average 9.04 wt% and 11.69 wt%, maximum yields 22.03 wt% and 26.33% SBR-N and SBR-S, respectively). On the other hand, no correlations were found among the PHAs accumulation yields and the absolute abundances of total Bacteria, which decreased through time in the SBR-N and did not present statistical differences in the SBR-S. Acinetobacter, Calothrix, Dyella, Flavobacterium, Novosphingobium, Qipengyuania, and Tsukamurella were key PHA-accumulating genera in both SBRs under the DGL strategy, which was revealed as a successful tool to obtain a PHA-enriched MMC using fish-canning effluents.
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Sekikawa, Munehisa, and Naohiko Inaba. "Chaos after Accumulation of Torus Doublings." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 31, no. 01 (January 2021): 2150009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127421500097.
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A recent paper investigates the bifurcation diagrams involved with torus doubling and asserts that the chaotic attractors observed after torus doubling have two Lyapunov exponents that are exactly zero. Against this assertion, we claim that the absolute value of one of the calculated zero Lyapunov exponents is not exactly zero but is instead slightly positive, because successive torus doubling is constrained by a very small underlying parameter. We justify our position by calculating Lyapunov spectra precisely using an autonomous piecewise-linear dynamical circuit. Our numerical results show that one of the Lyapunov exponents is close to, but not exactly, zero. In addition, we consider coupled logistic and sine-circle maps whose dynamics express the fundamental mechanism that causes torus doubling, and we confirm that torus doubling occurs fewer times when the coupling parameter of this discrete dynamical system is relatively larger. Consequently, the absolute value of the second Lyapunov exponent of this discrete system does not approach zero after the accumulation of torus doubling when the coupling parameter is set to larger values.
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Yang, Dongfang, Qiang Wang, Wei Zhou, Chunhua Su, and Sixi Zhu. "Quantitative analyzing for As’s transferring process in coastal waters in Jiaozhou Bay." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 03051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183803051.
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This paper quantified the horizontal and vertical transferring processes of As in coastal waters in the southwest and the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay using investigation data in July and October 1982. Results showed that the horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in surface waters were 0.20-2.44 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in surface waters were 19.23%-87.14%, respectively. The horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in bottom waters were 0.27-2.44 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in bottom waters were 25.00%-54.46%, respectively. The vertical absolute dilution amounts of As contents were 0.02-0.28 μg L-1, and the vertical relative dilution amounts were 1.78-16.66%. The vertical absolute accumulation amounts of Pb contents were 0.10-0.86 μg L-1, and the vertical relative accumulation amounts were 7.35%-35.83%. The vertical absolute dilution amount and vertical relative dilution amount of As’s contents were 0.20-0.76 μg L-1 and 19.23%-27.14%, respectively. The vertical absolute accumulation amount and vertical relative accumulation amount of As’s contents were 0.28-4.12 μg L-1 and 25.00%-91.96%, respectively. The changes of As contents in surface and bottom waters were determined by the source inputs of As and the transferring distance of As from the terrisgenous sources.
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Hahn, G., A. Just, T. Dudykevych, I. Frerichs, J. Hinz, M. Quintel, and G. Hellige. "Imaging pathologic pulmonary air and fluid accumulation by functional and absolute EIT." Physiological Measurement 27, no. 5 (April 20, 2006): S187—S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/27/5/s16.
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Beinrohr, E., P. Cs�mi, A. Manov�, and J. Dzurov. "Absolute analysis of trace metals through galvanostatic stripping chronopotentiometry with signal accumulation." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 349, no. 8-9 (1994): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00323468.
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Dong, Fang, Yuanzhi Shi, Meiya Liu, Kai Fan, Qunfeng Zhang, and Jianyun Ruan. "iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Weakening of Carbon Metabolism in Chlorotic Tea Leaves." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 3943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123943.
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To uncover mechanism of highly weakened carbon metabolism in chlorotic tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-based proteomic analyses were employed to study the differences in protein expression profiles in chlorophyll-deficient and normal green leaves in the tea plant cultivar “Huangjinya”. A total of 2110 proteins were identified in “Huangjinya”, and 173 proteins showed differential accumulations between the chlorotic and normal green leaves. Of these, 19 proteins were correlated with RNA expression levels, based on integrated analyses of the transcriptome and proteome. Moreover, the results of our analysis of differentially expressed proteins suggested that primary carbon metabolism (i.e., carbohydrate synthesis and transport) was inhibited in chlorotic tea leaves. The differentially expressed genes and proteins combined with photosynthetic phenotypic data indicated that 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) showed a major effect on repressing flavonoid metabolism, and abnormal developmental chloroplast inhibited the accumulation of chlorophyll and flavonoids because few carbon skeletons were provided as a result of a weakened primary carbon metabolism. Additionally, a positive feedback mechanism was verified at the protein level (Mg chelatase and chlorophyll b reductase) in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, which might effectively promote the accumulation of chlorophyll b in response to the demand for this pigment in the cells of chlorotic tea leaves in weakened carbon metabolism.
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Ma, Barry B., and Jeffrey A. Nystuen. "Passive Acoustic Detection and Measurement of Rainfall at Sea." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1773.1.
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Abstract Rainfall over the ocean is one of the most important climatic parameters for both oceanic and atmospheric science. Traditional accumulation-type rain gauges are difficult to operate at sea, and so an alternate technique using underwater sound has been developed. The technique of passive monitoring of the ocean rainfall using ambient sound depends on the accuracy of sound pressure level (SPL) detection. Consequently, absolute calibration of the hydrophone is desirable, but is difficult to achieve because typically the geometry of the laboratory calibration process does not fit the measurement geometry over the ocean. However, if one assumes that the sound signal that is generated by wind is universal then the wind signal can be used to provide an absolute calibration. Over 90 buoy months of ambient sound spectra have been collected on the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) project array since 1998. By applying the Vagle et al. wind speed algorithm, the instrument noises and sensitivity bias for the absolute calibration of each acoustic rain gauge (ARG) are obtained. An acoustic discrimination process is developed to retrieve the pure geophysical signals. A new single-frequency rainfall-rate algorithm is proposed after comparing the ARG data with R.M. Young self-siphoning rain gauge data, collocated on the same moorings. The acoustic discrimination process and the rainfall algorithm are further tested at two other locations and are compared with R.M. Young rain gauges and the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) product 3B42. The acoustic rainfall accumulations show the comparable results in both long (year) and short (hours) time scales.
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Savosko, V. M. "Indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’ migration." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041903.
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The aims of this study were to substantiate indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’s migration. The concept of pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’migration. Pedogeochemical migration barrier is part of the soil horizon or soil profile, where, as a result of special pedosubstantsiya availability and certain pedogeochemical reactions percolation, there is a significant accumulation of some chemical elements. These barriers act as a «substation-reactionary phenomenon». Pedogeochemical migration barrier grouped into five types: mechanical A, physical (sorption) B, physicochemical (ion exchange) C, chemical D and biological E. Indicators of geochemical migration barriers. To assess the geochemical barriers to migration, A. I. Perelman suggested using barrier contrast indicators and the barrier gradient. Wherein, the barrier contrast is calculated as the ratio of the chemical element concentration on the barrier to its quantity up to the barrier. Barrier gradient is the ratio of soil differences before and after the barrier to its length. Indicators of pedogeochemical migration barriers. In soil science, as the analogue of the barrier contrast are: the contrast ratio, the coefficient of intra-profile differentiation, alluvial-accumulative coefficients. As an analogue of the gradient barriers, there are indices of absolute and relative gradients of pedogeochemical migration barriers. Indicators of Pedogeochemical migration barriers manifest that in the chernozems of ordinary and southern at Kryvyi Rih areas, the accumulation of heavy metals in the humus transition and humus accumulation horizons has been revealed. Wherein, the more intensive action of soil migration barriers is naturally revealed in chernozems of ordinary, in comparison with chernozems southern.
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Yang, Dongfang, Xiaolong Zhang, Qi Wang, Yuan Zhang, and Haixia Li. "Modelling for Arsenic’s transferring process in Jiaozhou Bay." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183802011.
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This paper quantified the horizontal and vertical transferring processes of As in Jiaozhou Bay using investigation data in April and August 1988. Results showed that the horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in surface waters were 0.10-1.42 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in surface waters were 7.04%-25.00%, respectively. The horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in bottom waters were 0.04-1.00 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in bottom waters were 2.85%-41.66%, respectively. The vertical absolute dilution amounts of As contents were 0.02-0.28 μg L-1, and the vertical relative dilution amounts were 1.78%-16.66%. The vertical absolute accumulation amounts of Pb contents were 0.10-0.86 μg L-1, and the vertical relative accumulation amounts were 7.35%-35.83%. During the transferring processes through the bay mouth, no matter from the internal waters to the open water, or from the open waters to the internal waters, As contents in both surface and bottom layers were decreasing in a certain degree. The changes of As contents in surface and bottom waters were determined by the transferring distance of As in surface waters.
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Andrianov, Timofey, Yulia Gritsenko, Nikita Strelkov, Natalia Ryzhanova, and Anatoly Vedyaev. "Numerical Simulation of Spin Torque Induced by Spin Hall Effect in CuPt/Fe Heterostructure." Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (July 2015): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.407.
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Spin transport and distribution of spin accumulation in CuPt/Fe heterostructure are numerically investigated, using linearized Levy-Fert model. It was shown that Spin Hall Effect in CuPt layer produces non-equilibrium spin accumulation in adjacent ferromagnetic layer. Spin accumulation vector is not collinear with the direction of magnetization in ferromagnetic layer which leads to the appearance of spin transfer torque. The absolute values and angular dependence of this torque were calculated and it was demonstrated that for the current the values of torques are sufficient for manipulation of magnetization of ferromagnetic layer.
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Um, Soyeon, Sangyeob Kim, Sangjin Kim, and Hoi-Jun Yoo. "A 43.1TOPS/W Energy-Efficient Absolute-Difference-Accumulation Operation Computing-In-Memory With Computation Reuse." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 68, no. 5 (May 2021): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067327.
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Pensky, O. G., A. G. Kuznetsov, and N. V. Oschepkova. "Mathematical Model and Algorithm of Accumulation of Information by the Robot with Non-Absolute Memory." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 18, no. 2 (2018): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr180214.
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FUKAHORI, Tokio, Yukinori KANDA, Takehiko NAKAMURA, Kikuma MORI, Hiroki TOBIMATSU, and Yoshifumi MAEDA. "Absolute Calibration by Helium-Ion-Implanted Samples for Helium Accumulation Method Applied to Neutron Dosimetry." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 23, no. 6 (June 1986): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1986.9735013.
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Jia, Chengxia, Mu Yang, Jiangqi Qu, Pan Liu, Zhiming Xin, and Qingjing Zhang. "Heavy metals distribution and accumulation characteristics of 16 species plants on ecological floating-bed." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.1.1.62.
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Distribution and accumulation characteristics of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the aerial and underground parts of 16 species of plants on ecological floating-bed were studied in the present study, and they showed significant differences. Most translocation factors for Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb were smaller than 1. Coleus blumei had a considerable absorption and accumulation effect on Zn, Hg, and Pb; Hylotelephium erythrostictum had a good absorption and accumulation effect on Zn and Hg. Arundo donax var. versicolor, Lythrum salicaria, and Iris pseudacorus which had remarkable absolute accumulation in the aerial part due to their massive biomass, and were expected to have a promising prospect in applying floating-bed technology.
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Zaitseva, A. A., D. A. Bakhareva, P. A. Zaitsev, and E. S. Lobakova. "Characteristics of a New Halotolerant Arctic Strain of Carotenogenic Microalga <i>Halochlorella rubescens</i> NAMSU SBB-20." Физиология растений 70, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0015330322600735.
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Green microalgae capable of accumulating secondary carotenoids are the most important objects of biotechnology, and the search for new strains with unique properties, in particular, those adapted to growth at low temperatures and high salinity in the environment, is an urgent task. The NAMSU SBB-20 microalga strain was isolated from an algal-bacterial biofilm found on the coast of the White Sea in the littoral zone of the Solovetsky Archipelago. Identification of the strain showed its belonging to the species Halochlorella rubescens P.J.L.Dangeard. The species H. rubescens was first described for the White Sea. Under conditions of high light intensity, ultrastructural changes in cells are shown, among which destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus and the formation of cytoplasmic and chloroplast lipid inclusions are noted. It was shown that the culture of the NAMSU SBB-20 strain is capable of acquiring an orange color under unfavorable growth conditions. An assessment was made of the effect of the composition of the medium and the intensity of illumination on the pigment composition of the algae. The highest absolute values of the accumulation of carotenoids were noted during cultivation in light with an intensity of 150 mol PAR quanta/m2/s on BG-11 media containing no source of phosphorus (15.66 0.18 mg/L) or nitrogen (15.95 0.56 mg/L). The described strain has a biotechnological potential due to the initial halotolerance and the accumulation of high values of secondary carotenoids in the biomass.
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Novikov, Leonid. "Control of degassing systems." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900062.
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The methods and means of control for gas pipelines, as well as signs of liquid accumulation are present. Dependencies for determining the volume flow of gas mixture and the absolute equivalent roughness for internal surface of degassing pipeline is given. The graph of changes in local pressure losses of the gas mixture in the place of fluid accumulation is given. Analysis of the results of experimental studies of the aerodynamic drag of pipeline section in the place of liquid accumulation is out. Results of measurements for methane concentration in ventilation working out when stopping degassing are present.
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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "A Multiregion Model with Capital Accumulation and Endogenous Amenities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 9 (September 2007): 2248–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38393.
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The author develops a multiregional growth model with endogenous amenity and capital accumulation for any number of regions. The simulation results demonstrate that the national dynamics have a unique equilibrium. Comparative statics analysis shows that, if environmental improvement occurs in the technologically advanced (less advanced) region, the national output rises (falls). As a region improves its technology, the other two regions' aggregated output levels fall—not only in relative, but also in absolute, terms. This implies that if any region has a high rate of technological change and the other regions remain technologically stationary, then economic activities will tend to be concentrated in the technologically advancing region. It is also shown that technological differences appear to play only a small role in accounting for spatial wage disparities and endowments.
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Bucur, Georgeta Mihaela, and Liviu Dejeu. "Research on Phenotyping and Eno-Carpological Traits of Twenty-Three New Romanian Table Grape Varieties (Vitis Vinifera L.)." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0040.
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Abstract Twenty-three new Romanian table grapes varieties were analysed for their phenological behaviour, quantitative characteristics (bunch weight, berry weight, their length and width, grape yield), sugar accumulation, titratable acidity, and ºBrix / acid ratio during three consecutive years (2015-2017). The higher temperatures recorded during the study period determined an advance in the development of the main phenophases, especially the grapes’ harvest maturity. Absolute minimum temperatures during winter, damaging the vine, have significantly affected grape yield. As a consequence of earlier phenology and lower yields due to frost damage, harvest was advanced between 2 and 4 weeks than the average. The results obtained in this study favoured five remarkable genotypes for their very good quality of grape (‘Victoria’, ‘Tamina’, ‘Xenia’, ‘Napoca’ and ‘Augusta’). These varieties are distinguished by the highest values for bunch and berry weight (between 300-500 g and 5.5-8.4 g, respectively), berries’ size uniformity, the sugar content between 15.45-21.53 ºBrix and balanced ºBrix / acid ratio. Lately, the high temperatures during the grape maturation period have led to increased accumulations of sugar in berries, to reduced acidity, which affects the sugar-acidity balance; a more careful choice of grape harvest time is needed.
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Di Bucchianico, Stefano. "The role of commodity speculation and household debt accumulation during financialization: a Classical-Keynesian analysis." Cambridge Journal of Economics 46, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beac005.
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Abstract In this paper, we present a Classical-Keynesian viewpoint on financialisation grounded on the ‘integrated wage-commodity sector’ model. We focus on two aspects. First, with reference to the case of commodities, we argue that financial speculation in these markets did not affect normal prices but only caused market price short-run deviations. In addition, such speculation is unnecessary and even detrimental to the direct and indirect production of the wage-basket. Thus, financial regulation can restrain it without impairing the capability of the economic system to reproduce itself. Second, we show that the accumulation of household debt can enhance absolute and relative surplus value extraction from workers. This, in turn, positively impacts profitability. But, while absolute surplus value extraction boosts the amount of profit, only relative surplus value extraction increases the normal rate of profit.
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Maggi, V., G. Orombelli, Β. Stenni, O. Flora, R. Udisti, S. Becagli, R. Traversi, S. Vermigli, and J. R. Petit. "70 years of northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) accumulation rate." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-215-219.
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Measurements of oxygen isotope ratio , major anions and cations, insoluble dust and tritium were performed every 4-6 cm along the Hercules Névé (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) 22 m firn core. Concentration/depth profiles for H2O2, methane sulphonic acid and non-sea-salt sulphate (nssSO4 2-) were used to obtain a dating for the core by a multiparametric method involving a normalisation procedure and a linear combination of original profiles. This dating was compared with the and dust records to obtain a reliable identification of successive annual snow layers. The time-scale obtained from the seasonally varying signals was confirmed by an absolute date obtained from the 1965 thermonuclear atmospheric bomb test tritium peak. Around 70 years (1926-94) of annual accumulation rate data were obtained from the core. variations recorded along the core may be ascribed to seasonal variations of this parameter related to temperature variations.
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Ke, Jin, Bin Ran, Peiyuan Sun, Yuanzhi Cheng, Qingfu Chen, and Hongyou Li. "An Evaluation of the Absolute Content of Flavonoids and the Identification of Their Relationship with the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes in Tartary Buckwheat Seeds." Agronomy 13, no. 12 (December 7, 2023): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123006.
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The aim of the present study is to evaluate the absolute content and accumulation patterns of flavonoid components; to give insight into the accumulation relationships among flavonoid components; to explore the correlation between the content of flavonoid components and the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in Tartary buckwheat seeds; and to construct a biosynthetic pathway on the major flavonoid components in Tartary buckwheat seeds. In total, 61 flavonoid components were absolutely quantified in five Tartary buckwheat varieties, of which 41 existed in all varieties. The content of most flavonoids varied significantly among different varieties or within the same variety. Rutin, quercetin, nicotiflorin, and kaempferol were the dominant flavonoid components in the Tartary buckwheat seeds, accounting for 73.05–81.79% of the total flavonoids. Significantly positive or negative correlations with content accumulation were found between some flavonoid components. Thirty-six flavonoid components displayed four different accumulation patterns in the developing Tartary buckwheat seeds. Seventeen structural genes for flavonoid biosynthesis displayed a significantly positive correlation with the accumulation of most flavonoid components during the development of Tartary buckwheat seeds, and the F3′5′H-3 gene might be the most crucial contributor in determining the total flavonoid content in Tartary buckwheat seeds. A schematic of the biosynthesis pathways for 30 major flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat seeds was constructed. These findings provide an outlook of the flavonoid components and their biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat seeds and have potential applications in breeding new cultivars with higher flavonoid contents.
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Khoo, Saye H., Patrick G. Hoggard, Ian Williams, E. Rhiannon Meaden, Philippa Newton, Edmund G. Wilkins, Alan Smith, et al. "Intracellular Accumulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 10 (October 2002): 3228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.10.3228-3235.2002.
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ABSTRACT Intracellular accumulation of the protease inhibitors (PIs) saquinavir (SQV), ritonavir (RTV), and indinavir (IDV) was determined in 50 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Following extraction, PIs were quantified by mass spectrometry. Paired plasma and intracellular samples were collected over a full dosing interval from patients (13 on SQV, 6 on RTV, 8 on IDV, 16 on SQV plus RTV, 7 on IDV plus RTV) with a plasma viral load of <400 copies/ml. Data were expressed as intracellular/plasma drug concentration ratios. A hierarchy of intracellular accumulation was demonstrated by the following medians: 9.45 for SQV > 1.00 for RTV > 0.51 for IDV. Coadministration of RTV did not boost ratios of SQV or IDV within the cell or in plasma, although absolute plasma and intracellular SQV concentrations were increased by RTV. Seven individuals receiving SQV in hard-gel capsule form (median, 32 months) had higher intracellular/plasma drug ratios than all other patients receiving SQV (median, 17.62 versus 4.83; P = 0.04), despite consistently low plasma SQV concentrations. How this occurs may provide insight into the mechanisms that limit adequate drug penetration into sanctuary sites.
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Edie, Stewart M., Peter D. Smits, and David Jablonski. "Probabilistic models of species discovery and biodiversity comparisons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 14 (March 21, 2017): 3666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616355114.
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Inferring large-scale processes that drive biodiversity hinges on understanding the phylogenetic and spatial pattern of species richness. However, clades and geographic regions are accumulating newly described species at an uneven rate, potentially affecting the stability of currently observed diversity patterns. Here, we present a probabilistic model of species discovery to assess the uncertainty in diversity levels among clades and regions. We use a Bayesian time series regression to estimate the long-term trend in the rate of species description for marine bivalves and find a distinct spatial bias in the accumulation of new species. Despite these biases, probabilistic estimates of future species richness show considerable stability in the currently observed rank order of regional diversity. However, absolute differences in richness are still likely to change, potentially modifying the correlation between species numbers and geographic, environmental, and biological factors thought to promote biodiversity. Applied to scallops and related clades, we find that accumulating knowledge of deep-sea species will likely shift the relative richness of these three families, emphasizing the need to consider the incomplete nature of bivalve taxonomy in quantitative studies of its diversity. Along with estimating expected changes to observed patterns of diversity, the model described in this paper pinpoints geographic areas and clades most urgently requiring additional systematic study—an important practice for building more complete and accurate models of biodiversity dynamics that can inform ecological and evolutionary theory and improve conservation practice.
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Baier, Daniel, Tobias Weckenmann, Franz Wolf, Andreas Wimmer, and Michael F. Zaeh. "Underlying Methodology for a Thermal Process Monitoring System for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7010010.
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The Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process has a high potential for industrial applications in aviation. The interlayer temperatures influence the dimensions and geometric deviations of the part. Monitoring the absolute interlayer temperature values is necessary for quantifying these influences. This paper presents an approach for determining the absolute values of the interlayer temperatures during the process using Ti-6Al-4V. The emissivity and transmittance are determined and calibrated, enabling precise thermographic measuring during the WAAM process. The recorded thermographic data are then compared to signals of thermocouples so that the absolute temperature values can be aligned. The methodology is validated by its transfer to measure the interlayer temperature at different regions of interest. The effect of a heat accumulation using Ti-6Al-4V in WAAM was determined. The methodology enables a reproducible and non-tactile measurement of the interlayer temperature during the WAAM process. The results show that with an interlayer temperature of 200 °C, a heat accumulation occurs within a layer. The heat accumulates in the center of the layer because the free ends of the layer cool down faster than the center of the layer.
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Feng, Jin-Liang, Le-Le Pei, Xiangkun Zhu, Jian-Ting Ju, and Shao-Peng Gao. "Absolute accumulation and isotope fractionation of Si and Fe during dolomite weathering and terra rossa formation." Chemical Geology 496 (September 2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.08.018.
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Ambach, Walter. "Effects of climatic perturbations on the equilibrium-line altitude, West Greenland." Journal of Glaciology 39, no. 131 (1993): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000015665.
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AbstractPerturbation analysis is applied to the heat balance at the EGIG line (West Greenland) with respect to climatic changes. The shift of the equilibrium-line altitude is obtained for perturbations of temperature, absolute humidity, cloudiness and annual accumulation. The total net ice ablation at the EGIG line increases by 45% with a perturbation of + 1 K. Applying this figure to the entire ice sheet, the total ablation equals the total accumulation at a warming of + 2 K, if refreezing of melt water is neglected.
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Ambach, Walter. "Effects of climatic perturbations on the equilibrium-line altitude, West Greenland." Journal of Glaciology 39, no. 131 (1993): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000015665.
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AbstractPerturbation analysis is applied to the heat balance at the EGIG line (West Greenland) with respect to climatic changes. The shift of the equilibrium-line altitude is obtained for perturbations of temperature, absolute humidity, cloudiness and annual accumulation. The total net ice ablation at the EGIG line increases by 45% with a perturbation of + 1 K. Applying this figure to the entire ice sheet, the total ablation equals the total accumulation at a warming of + 2 K, if refreezing of melt water is neglected.
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Krasnoshchekov, Yu N. "Geochemical Features of Organo-Accumulative Soils of Subtaiga and Subtaiga-Forest-Steppe Light Coniferous Forests of Northern Mongolia." Почвоведение, no. 4 (September 19, 2024): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x24040016.
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Geochemical features of organo-accumulative (Eutric Regosols (Laomic, Ochric), Cambic Someric Phaeozems (Loamic)) soils widely distributed in the soil cover of the subtaiga and subtaiga-forest-steppe light coniferous forests forming the lower boundary of the forest belt in the mountain structures of Northern Mongolia are considered. Data on the microelement composition of soil-forming rocks are given. It was found that the paragenetic association of trace elements in them is represented by Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, V, Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ba, Sr, Zr and B. It was found that, compared with the average content in the lithosphere within the subtaiga and subtaiga-forest-steppe forest-growing belt, the residual and re-deposited weathering crusts of igneous rocks are enriched with Zn, Cr, Mo, B, at the same time they contain less Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Sr, Zr. The residual and re-deposited weathering crusts of carbonate rocks are enriched with Pb, Cu, Zn, V, Cr, Sr, B, they contain little Co, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ba, Zr. Data on the morphological structure of soils, their physico-chemical and chemical properties, as well as on the content of trace elements and their radial distribution in the soils under consideration are discussed. The data obtained indicate the accumulation of most trace elements in the surface organogenic and humus-accumulative horizons of soils, which is associated with both the heterogeneity of soil-forming rocks and the influence of soil processes that cause the accumulative redistribution of elements and their deposition on organo-sorption and carbonate geochemical barriers. It is shown that the studied soils differ not only in the absolute values of trace elements involved in the biological cycle, but also in the intensity of their involvement in biogenic migration.
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Zhang, Lanxi. "Multivariate Grey Prediction Model with Priority Accumulation of New Information." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802009.
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According to the new information priority principle of grey system, this paper tries to optimize the traditional multivariate grey prediction model. Firstly, the basic theory of the traditional grey prediction model is put forward. Based on this, the background value is improved by using the new information priority principle, and the cumulative generation with parameters is defined. Taking the settlement trend of A4# building of an engineering project in Anhui province as an example, the model is applied to the settlement analysis, and the proposed model is compared with the existing grey prediction model, the average percentage absolute error between the predicted value and the observed value is calculated, and the regression graphs of each model are drawn. Through the analysis, we can see that the established model has achieved a good effect, and then verified the practicability and reliability of the proposed model.
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Reut, Antonina, and Svetlana Denisova. "Comparative analysis of the content of heavy metals in raw materials of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L." Agrarian Bulletin of the 214, no. 11 (December 16, 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-214-11-45-55.
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Abstract. Currently, heavy metals are considered as priority soil pollutants. It is known that the vegetative mass of agricultural crops is capable of accumulating them in large quantities. Ornamental flower crops, which firmly occupy their ecological niche, are practically not considered from this point of view. The aim of this work is to study the features of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground and underground organs of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. in the urbanized environment of the city of Ufa. The objects of research were seven taxa of Paeonia (P. peregrina Mill., P. lactiflora Pall., P. lactiflora f. rosea, P. delavayi Franch., P. × hybrida Appassionata, Mustai Karim, Jeanne d’Arc). Methodology. The study of the elemental composition of the aboveground and underground parts was carried out according to the method No. M-02-1009-05 atomic spectroscopy. Mathematical data processing was carried out using generally accepted methods of variation statistics using the AgCStat software package in the form of an Excel add-in. Scientific novelty. For the first time, different taxa and parts of Paeonia plants were taken for research. Results. It was revealed that in the studied samples the copper content is 4,15–2520,00 times higher than that of other elements. It is noted that the minimum concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese and iron are noted in the roots; lead and nickel – in flowers; copper – in the leaves of the studied paeonies. The maximum content of arsenic, lead, chromium is found in the leaves; cadmium, nickel, manganese – in the stems; iron – in flowers. That is, cutting paeonies in the autumn before retirement avoids the accumulation of these microelements in the soil. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the absolute values of the concentrations of the studied elements in the considered taxa of paeonies correlate with each other to a weak and medium degree. Correlation study of pairs of elements makes it possible to assess the synergism of accumulation and its absence, which is consistent with the opinion of other authors.
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Liu, Guangmin, Hongju He, Pengjie Wang, Xirui Zhao, and Fazheng Ren. "Glucoraphanin Accumulation via Glucoraphanin Synthesis Promotion during Broccoli Germination." Foods 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13010041.
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Glucoraphanin is an important glucosinolate which is widely distributed in Brassica vegetables and poses an anticancer effect to humans. Although researchers have paid a lot of attention to the changes in glucoraphanin concentration in seedlings of broccoli over 1–2 weeks, there has been little research focusing on the total whole-sprout glucoraphanin content within broccoli seedlings over 1–5 weeks. However, it is necessary to clarify the changes in total glucoraphanin content during the broccoli sprouting stage as broccoli seedlings are novel plant foods. This research explored glucoraphanin absolute accumulation and the biosynthesis mechanism in broccoli seedlings during a 5-week growth period. The results showed that glucoraphanin accumulation content was higher at week 4 than in the seeds. Moreover, the relative DL-methionine contents increased significantly after 3 weeks. Glucoraphanin synthetic gene expression levels were increased after 3 weeks, but the gene expressions of AOP3 (encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases) and MYR (encoding myrosinase) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the 20 essential DEGs obtained can provide new insight into understanding the developmental regulation of broccoli seedlings. In addition, the results can also provide information on how to obtain higher glucoraphanin contents in broccoli sprouts.
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Baranova, M. S., O. V. Filippov, A. I. Kochetkova, and E. S. Bryzgalina. "STAGES OF BARRIERS FORMATION IN THE ENTRANCE GATES OF THE VOLGOGRAD RESERVOIR BAYS." Lomonosov Geography Journal 78, no. 3 (2023) (July 14, 2023): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.11.
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The secondary processes of alongshore transport and accumulation of sediments are the consequences of reshaping the shores of the Volgograd Reservoir. Alongshore sediment transfer promoted the segregation of bays from the main water area of the Volgograd Reservoir with abrasion-accumulative barriers. Classification of the bays according to the degree of evolution of abrasion-accumulative barriers in their entrance gates is the initial stage of complex research which is necessary to reveal the main patterns of the separation process. Application of the Earth remote sensing data and geoinformation technologies is the most effective to study the process in addition to field methods. The study is based on the satellite imagery of Google Earth program and data of field research of the bays in 2008, 2010-2016 and 2019-2020. Both analytical (cartographic, graphical, mathematical methods and methods of working with satellite images) and field (geometric leveling of abrasion-accumulative barriers and spits, and bathymetric survey of bays) research methods were applied. Morphometric parameters of the entrance gates to the bays of right and left coast of the Volgograd Reservoir were measured using the satellite images of Google Earth. Expedition materials and data received from satellite images were then compared. The difference in absolute values does not exceed double standard error. This indicates the reliability of applied research method. We calculated two coefficients for classification of bays. These coefficients considered width of the bay at the entrance gate, width of the coastal shallow water area at the entrance gate and length of above-water part of a sand bar or spit. Six classes of bays were identified according to the degree of evolution of abrasion-accumulative barriers at the entrance gates: opened bays (class 1), bays at the initial stage of segregation (2), bays at the active stage of segregation (3), bays at the final stage of segregation (4), closed bays, (5) and a specific class - bays with the entrance gates subjected to anthropogenic impact (6). The bay segregation becomes more active with the expansion of the coastal shallow water area at its entrance gate. Quick overgrowth by higher aquatic, herbaceous and tree-shrub vegetation takes place under the active formation of abrasion-accumulative barriers.
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Biegert, Konni, Daniel Stöckeler, Roy J. McCormick, and Peter Braun. "Modelling Soluble Solids Content Accumulation in ‘Braeburn’ Apples." Plants 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020302.
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Optical sensor data can be used to determine changes in anthocyanins, chlorophyll and soluble solids content (SSC) in apple production. In this study, visible and near-infrared spectra (729 to 975 nm) were transformed to SSC values by advanced multivariate calibration models i.e., partial least square regression (PLSR) in order to test the substitution of destructive chemical analyses through non-destructive optical measurements. Spectral field scans were carried out from 2016 to 2018 on marked ‘Braeburn’ apples in Southwest Germany. The study combines an in-depth statistical analyses of longitudinal SSC values with horticultural knowledge to set guidelines for further applied use of SSC predictions in the orchard to gain insights into apple carbohydrate physiology. The PLSR models were investigated with respect to sample size, seasonal variation, laboratory errors and the explanatory power of PLSR models when applied to independent samples. As a result of Monte Carlo simulations, PLSR modelled SSC only depended to a minor extent on the absolute number and accuracy of the wet chemistry laboratory calibration measurements. The comparison between non-destructive SSC determinations in the orchard with standard destructive lab testing at harvest on an independent sample showed mean differences of 0.5% SSC over all study years. SSC modelling with longitudinal linear mixed-effect models linked high crop loads to lower SSC values at harvest and higher SSC values for fruit from the top part of a tree.
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Foolad, M. R. "Genetic Basis of Physiological Traits Related to Salt Tolerance in Tomato." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 624c—624. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.624c.
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Genetic relationships between salt tolerance and expression of various physiological traits during vegetative growth in tomato were investigated. Parental, F1, F2, and backcross progeny of a cross between a salt tolerant (PI174263) and a salt sensitive cultivar (UCT5) were evaluated in saline solutions with electrical conductivity of 0.5 (non-stress) and 20 dS·m–1 (salt-stress). Absolute growth, relative growth, tissue ion content, leaf solute potential and the rate of ethylene evolution by leaf petioles were measured. Growth of both parents were reduced under stress, however, the reduction was significantly less in PI174263 than UCT5 suggesting greater salt tolerance of the former. Under salt-stress, PI174263 accumulated in the leaf significantly less Na+ and Cl– and more Ca2+ than UCT5. The F1 hybrid performed intermediate relative to parents and the backcross populations approached recurrent parents in both growth response and ion accumulation. In all generations, leaf solute potential decreased and the rate of ethylene evolution increased under salt-stress, however, there were little or no differences among generations under either treatment. Across generations growth under salt-stress was positively correlated with Ca2+ and negatively correlated with Na+ accumulation in the leaf. In contrast, growth was not correlated with either leaf solute potential or the rate of ethylene evolution. Generation means analysis indicated that Na+ and Ca2+ accumulations were genetically controlled with additivity being the major genetic components. The results indicated that the inherent genetic capabilities of PI174263 to maintain high tissue Ca2+ levels and to exclude Na+ from shoot were essential features underlying its adaptation to salinity. Thus, tissue ion concentration may be a useful selection criterion when breeding for improved salt tolerance of tomato using progeny derived from PI174263.
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Albert, Benjamin, Younès Dellero, Laurent Leport, Mathieu Aubert, Alain Bouchereau, and Françoise Le Cahérec. "Low Nitrogen Input Mitigates Quantitative but Not Qualitative Reconfiguration of Leaf Primary Metabolism in Brassica napus L. Subjected to Drought and Rehydration." Plants 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2024): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13070969.
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In the context of climate change and the reduction of mineral nitrogen (N) inputs applied to the field, winter oilseed rape (WOSR) will have to cope with low-N conditions combined with water limitation periods. Since these stresses can significantly reduce seed yield and seed quality, maintaining WOSR productivity under a wide range of growth conditions represents a major goal for crop improvement. N metabolism plays a pivotal role during the metabolic acclimation to drought in Brassica species by supporting the accumulation of osmoprotective compounds and the source-to-sink remobilization of nutrients. Thus, N deficiency could have detrimental effects on the acclimation of WOSR to drought. Here, we took advantage of a previously established experiment to evaluate the metabolic acclimation of WOSR during 14 days of drought, followed by 8 days of rehydration under high- or low-N fertilization regimes. For this purpose, we selected three leaf ranks exhibiting contrasted sink/source status to perform absolute quantification of plant central metabolites. Besides the well-described accumulation of proline, we observed contrasted accumulations of some “respiratory” amino acids (branched-chain amino acids, lysineand tyrosine) in response to drought under high- and low-N conditions. Drought also induced an increase in sucrose content in sink leaves combined with a decrease in source leaves. N deficiency strongly decreased the levels of major amino acids and subsequently the metabolic response to drought. The drought-rehydration sequence identified proline, phenylalanine, and tryptophan as valuable metabolic indicators of WOSR water status for sink leaves. The results were discussed with respect to the metabolic origin of sucrose and some amino acids in sink leaves and the impact of drought on source-to-sink remobilization processes depending on N nutrition status. Overall, this study identified major metabolic signatures reflecting a similar response of oilseed rape to drought under low- and high-N conditions.
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Bland, Philip A., Alex W. R. Bevan, and A. J. Tim Jull. "Ancient Meteorite Finds and the Earth's Surface Environment." Quaternary Research 53, no. 2 (March 2000): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2106.
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AbstractThe flux of meteorites to the Earth over the last 50,000 yr has remained approximately constant. Most meteorites that fall in temperate or tropical areas are destroyed on a time scale which is short compared to the rate of infall; however, in arid regions (both “hot” deserts and the “cold” desert of Antarctica) weathering is slower and accumulations of meteorites may occur. The initial composition for many meteorite groups is well known from modern falls, and terrestrial ages may be established from analyses of the abundance of cosmogenic radionuclides, providing an absolute chronology for recording terrestrial processes. As samples are falling constantly, and are distributed approximately evenly over the Earth, meteorites may thus be thought of as an appropriate “standard sample” for studying aspects of the terrestrial surface environment. Studies involving 14C and 36Cl terrestrial ages of meteorites, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (to quantify the degree of oxidation in samples), stable isotopes, and determination of halogen abundances are yielding information on the terrestrial history of meteorites: (i) terrestrial age and oxidation-frequency distributions for populations of samples allow the ages of surfaces to be estimated; (ii) differences in the weathering rate of samples between sites allows constraints to be imposed on the effect of climate on rock weathering rates; (iii) carbon isotopic compositions of generations of carbonate growth within meteorites allows, in some cases, temperatures of formation of carbonates to be estimated; (iv) structure in the oxidation–terrestrial age distribution for meteorites from some arid accumulation sites (specifically, the Nullarbor of Australia) appears to be linked to previous humid/arid cycles; (v) meteorite accumulations in Antarctica have been used to constrain aspects of the Quaternary evolution of the ice sheet, and terrestrial age and oxidation data have been used to constrain ice flow.
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Zhang, Jiandi, and Maozhou Yang. "Developing a growing cancer profile database based on quantitative analysis of protein biomarkers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens." Future Oncology 16, no. 31 (November 2020): 2471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2020-0480.
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Over a century of clinical practice has led to the accumulation of millions of archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cancer specimens with detailed medical records worldwide. Absolute quantitation of clinical protein biomarkers in these FFPE specimens allows individual specimens to be profiled at the population level, with the absolute nature of the measurements enabling the continuous processing of archived FFPE specimens over the time. A continuously growing cancer patient profile database is proposed here to support “big data” profiling of these protein biomarkers alone or in combination, enabling next-generation retrospective-prospective analytics into the field of clinical diagnostics.
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Van Ommen, Tas D., Vin Morgan, and Mark A. J. Curran. "Deglacial and Holocene changes in accumulation at Law Dome, East Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814221.
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AbstractDating constraints have been combined with an ice-flow model to estimate surface accumulation rates at Law Dome, East Antarctica, to approximately 80 kyr BP. Results indicate that the present high-accumulation regime (~0.7ma–1 ice equivalent) was established some time after ~7 kyr BP, following an increase of approximately 80% from early to mid-Holocene. The accumulation rate at the Last Glacial Maximum is estimated at less than ~10% of the modern value. The record reveals an approximately linear dependence between temperature (inferred from isotope ratio) and accumulation rate through the glacial period. This dependence breaks down in the early Holocene, and this is interpreted as a change to a mode in which moisture-transport changes have a stronger influence on accumulation than temperature (via absolute humidity). The changes in accumulation, including the large change in the early to mid-Holocene, are accompanied by changes in sea-salt concentrations which support the hypothesis that Law Dome climate has shifted from a glacial climate, more like that of the present-day Antarctic Plateau, to its current Antarctic maritime climate. The change between these two modes occurred progressively through the early Holocene, possibly reflecting insolation-driven changes in atmospheric moisture content and circulation.
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Hanna, Edward, Joe McConnell, Sarah Das, John Cappelen, and Ag Stephens. "Observed and Modeled Greenland Ice Sheet Snow Accumulation, 1958–2003, and Links with Regional Climate Forcing." Journal of Climate 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 344–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3615.1.
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Abstract Annual and monthly snow accumulation for the Greenland Ice Sheet was derived from ECMWF forecasts [mainly 40-yr ECMWR Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] and further meteorological modeling. Modeled accumulation was validated using 58 ice core accumulation datasets across the ice sheet and was found to be 95% of the observed accumulation on average, with a mean correlation of 0.53 between modeled and observed. Many of the ice core datasets are new and are presented here for the first time. Central and northern interior parts of the ice sheet were found to be ∼10%–30% too dry in ERA-40, in line with earlier ECMWF analysis, although too much (>50% locally) snow accumulation was modeled for interior southern parts of Greenland. Nevertheless, 47 of 58 sites show significant correlation in temporal variability of modeled with observed accumulation. The model also captures the absolute amount of snow accumulation at several sites, most notably Das1 and Das2 in southeast Greenland. Mean modeled accumulation over the ice sheet was 0.279 (standard deviation 0.034) m yr−1 for 1958–2003 with no significant trend for either the ice sheet or any of the core sites. Unusually high accumulation in southeast Greenland in 2002/03 leads the authors to study meteorological synoptic forcing patterns and comment on the prospect of enhanced climate variability leading to more such events as a result of global warming. There is good agreement between precipitation measured at coastal meteorological stations in southern Greenland and accumulation modeled for adjacent regions of the ice sheet. There is no significant persistent relation between the North Atlantic Oscillation index and whole or southern Greenland accumulation.
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Liu, Shuanghua, Qin Qi, and Zhiming Hu. "An Improved Nonhomogeneous Grey Model with Fractional-Order Accumulation and Its Application." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9962565.
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The nonhomogeneous grey model has been seen as an effective method for forecasting time series with approximate nonhomogeneous index law, which has been widely used in diverse disciplines on account of its high prediction precision. However, there remains room for improvements. For this, this study presents an improved nonhomogeneous grey model by incorporating the dynamic integral mean value theorem and fractional accumulation simultaneously. In order to promote the efficacy of the optimised model, we apply the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to ascertain its optimal parameter. In particular, two examples are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed model in contrast with other benchmarks, and the experimental results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the proposed approach is 808692% and 6.0706%, respectively, indicating the proposed approach performs better than other competing models.
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Petković, Veljko, and Christian D. Kummerow. "A Spatiotemporal Correlation Technique to Improve Satellite Rainfall Accumulation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 12 (December 2012): 2122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0178.1.
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AbstractA spatiotemporal correlation technique has been developed to combine satellite rainfall measurements using the spatial and temporal correlation of the rainfall fields to overcome problems of limited and infrequent measurements while accounting for the measurement accuracies. The relationship between the temporal and spatial correlation of the rainfall field is exploited to provide information about rainfall beyond instantaneous measurements. The technique is developed using synthetic radar data. Nine months of Operational Program for the Exchange of Weather Radar (OPERA) data are used on grid sizes of 100, 248, and 500 km with pixel resolutions of 8, 12, and 24 km to simulate satellite fields of view and are then applied to the real satellite data over the Southwest to calculate 3-h rainfall accumulations. The results are compared with the simple averaging technique, which takes a simple mean of the measurements as a constant rainfall rate over the entire accumulation period. Using synthetic data, depending on the time separation of the measurements and their accuracy, a spatiotemporal correlation technique has shown the potential to yield improvements of up to 40% in absolute error and up to 25% in root-mean-square error when compared with the simple averaging technique. When applied to the real satellite data over the Southeast, the technique showed much less skill (general improvement of only 2%–6%).
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Jiao, Wei Wei, Jie Zhang, Li Jun Cheng, Dan Dan Liu, and Zhi Deng. "Research of the Relationship between Characteristics of Carbonate Fracture-Cave Unit and Fluids Producing Status - A Case Study in Well Block ZG7 in North Slope of Tazhong Uplift." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1537.
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Carbonate reservoir is one of the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation. But the exploration proved that high-quality reservoir and commercial hydrocarbon flow had no absolute corresponding relationship, high-quality reservoir just was the necessary condition of hydrocarbon accumulation. It was found that local construction highs had an important control function to hydrocarbon accumulation. So it has a realistic guiding significance to exploration that enhancing the detailed study on carbonate fracture-cave unit. This paper selected Well Block ZG7 with complex oil-water relationship as a case, and comparative analyzed the structural position, structural characteristics, reservoir characteristics and fluid producing status before and after acid fracturing. It indicated that structural position of fracture-cave unit had a crucial control function to the fluid property in it, whose high accumulated hydrocarbon and the low was water commonly. The structure of facture-cave unit had a close relationship with the fluid producing status, which differed from the variation of fracture-cave unit structure. Carbonate reservoir and local construction were the important controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation, under the background of high-quality reservoir, local structures and structural highs were the favorable accumulation areas.
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Herd, S. M., J. Camakaris, R. Christofferson, P. Wookey, and D. M. Danks. "Uptake and efflux of copper-64 in Menkes'-disease and normal continuous lymphoid cell lines." Biochemical Journal 247, no. 2 (October 15, 1987): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2470341.
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The accumulation of copper over 2 h by normal lymphoid cells and those from Menkes'-disease patients (Menkes' cells) was found to be biphasic, with an initial phase of rapid uptake, an approach to steady state at around 40-60 min, followed by a further accumulation phase. The accumulation of copper was not diminished by the addition of a variety of metabolic inhibitors, suggesting that copper uptake is not an active process. The presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone in the culture medium stimulated the uptake and accumulation of copper in both normal and Menkes' cells to the same absolute level. This effect appeared to be specific for copper, since the accumulation of Zn and Cd was unaffected. Menkes' cells did not differ from normal in their initial rate of copper uptake. Analysis of the uptake curve suggested that the membrane transport of copper involves both passive and facilitated diffusion. Initial rate of efflux from the cells was approximated by two methods. Menkes' cells did not appear to be affected in this function. It seems likely that the basic defect in Menkes' disease involves a step in intracellular copper transport rather than the membrane transport of copper.
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Hwang, Dae Il, Kyung-Jong Won, Do-Yoon Kim, Bokyung Kim, and Hwan Myung Lee. "Cinnamyl Alcohol, the Bioactive Component of Chestnut Flower Absolute, Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells by Downregulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 45, no. 04 (January 2017): 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x17500446.
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The extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis) flower (CCDF) has antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties, but its anti-obesity properties have not been previously examined. In this study, we tested the effect of CCDF absolute on adipocyte differentiation by using 3T3-L1 cells and determining the bioactive component of CCDF absolute in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. CCDF absolute (0.1–100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) did not change 3T3-L1 cell viability. At 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL, the absolute significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced by culture in medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine/dexamethasone/insulin (MDI). GC/MS analysis showed that CCDF absolute contains 10 compounds. Among these compounds, cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propene-1-ol) dose-dependently inhibited the increased accumulation of lipid droplets in MDI-contained medium-cultured 3T3-L1 cells at a concentration range of 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL that did not cause cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect was significant at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]) and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]). Moreover, the enhanced expression of obesity-related proteins (PPAR[Formula: see text], C/EBP[Formula: see text], SREBP-1c, and FAS) in MDI medium-cultivated 3T3-L1 cells was significantly attenuated by the addition of cinnamyl alcohol at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. These findings demonstrate that cinnamyl alcohol suppresses 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by inhibiting anti-adipogenesis-related proteins, and it may be a main bioactive component of CCDF absolute, exerting antidifferentiation action in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, cinnamyl alcohol, as well as CCDF absolute, may be potential candidates for the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Percival, J. N. "The hidden physical model of kinematics under SRT’s observer-centric models." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2197, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2197/1/012022.
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Abstract This paper assumes the reader is intimately familiar with Special Relativity’s (SRT’s) model and equations. The paper summarizes the empirical data in terms of the two main categories of interpretations of SRT currently taught in college/universities, physics texts and discussed in physics journals. Inconsistencies between the data on proper time accumulation rates and SRT are discussed. All the standard rebuttals to claims of flaws or limitations in SRT associated with one set of empirical data are ruled out by other sets of empirical data. The paper focuses on proper time data as proper time is absolute and observer independent, in contrast to the observer-centric SRT spacetime views, AND any absolute effects are cumulative and, hence, especially well-suited for revealing the absolute physical reality that underlies the relativistic view.
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Atomi, Y., T. Fukunaga, H. Hatta, and Y. Yamamoto. "Relationship between lactate threshold during running and relative gastrocnemius area." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 2343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2343.
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This study examined the relationship between the work rate at which blood lactate accumulation begins (lactate threshold) during running and relative gastrocnemius area in four different groups. Twenty nonathletic and 11 athletic boys (age 9–12 yr), 15 female adult runners, and 11 male nonathletic students participated in this study. The muscle composition of the leg and thigh were measured by ultrasound. The lactate threshold was assessed in terms of both the absolute work rate (ml.kg-1.min-1) and relative work rate. The relative cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius to the plantar flexor (relative gastrocnemius area) was significantly negatively related to the absolute and relative lactate threshold in all groups. These results suggest that the relative gastrocnemius area may play an important role in determining the relative and absolute lactate threshold during running.
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Gersberg, R. M., and D. W. Allen. "Phosphorus Uptake by Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1985): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0225.
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The objective of our study was to show that pure cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus could be Induced to accumulate large amounts of phosphorus (P), when P-starved cultures were enriched with phosphorus either in suspended growth or immobilized cell reactors. Suspended growth cultures of K. pneumoniae were more efficient than those of A. calcoaceticus, with specific uptake rates of 14.1 - 17.1 mg P1−1 hr−1 per O.D. unit, and 5.4 - 10.0 mg P1−1 hr −1 per O.D. unit, respectively. The absolute rate of P accumulation of 24.6 mg P1−1 hr−1 measured for a K. pneumoniae culture was among the highest ever reported in the literature. In an immobilized cell system, which facilitates the separation of the cells (for recycling) from the liquid phase, K. pneumoniae cells entrapped in agar gel beads, remained viable and showed rates of P uptake of 6.1 and 7.9 mg P1−1 hr−1. K. pneumoniae cultures also showed a high capacity for removing dissolved phosphate from municipal wastewater, with greater than 95% P removal in two hours. These studies suggest the important role such high-phosphate accumulating bacteria may play in wastewater treatment systems designed for enhanced biological phosphorus removal.
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Borjigin, Chana, Rhiannon K. Schilling, Nathaniel Jewell, Chris Brien, Juan Carlos Sanchez-Ferrero, Paul J. Eckermann, Nathan S. Watson-Haigh, Bettina Berger, Allison S. Pearson, and Stuart J. Roy. "Identifying the genetic control of salinity tolerance in the bread wheat landrace Mocho de Espiga Branca." Functional Plant Biology 48, no. 11 (2021): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp21140.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity tolerance in bread wheat is frequently reported to be associated with low leaf sodium (Na+) concentrations. However, the Portuguese landrace, Mocho de Espiga Branca, accumulates significantly higher leaf Na+ but has comparable salinity tolerance to commercial bread wheat cultivars. To determine the genetic loci associated with the salinity tolerance of this landrace, an F2 mapping population was developed by crossing Mocho de Espiga Branca with the Australian cultivar Gladius. The population was phenotyped for 19 salinity tolerance subtraits using both non-destructive and destructive techniques. Genotyping was performed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 4B and 5A for the subtraits of relative and absolute growth rate (RGR, AGR respectively), and on chromosome 2A, 2B, 4D and 5D for Na+, potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation. Candidate genes that encode proteins associated with salinity tolerance were identified within the loci including Na+/H+ antiporters, K+ channels, H+-ATPase, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calcium-transporting ATPase. This study provides a new insight into the genetic control of salinity tolerance in a Na+ accumulating bread wheat to assist with the future development of salt tolerant cultivars.