Journal articles on the topic 'Accumulated Local Effect'
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1
Lushchaeva, Inna V., and Yuri N. Morgalev. "Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles on Biological Activity of Humus-Accumulated Horizons." Advanced Materials Research 1085 (February 2015): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1085.384.
Abstract:
The exponential growth of nanoparticle-containing goods and waste of the recent years will lead unavoidably to nanomaterials entering environment, generating in local biota and abiotic environment, and potentially transmitting to man. Aerial and water transmission of nanoparticles eventually will cause its generation in soil and further transmission to plants and animals via food chains.
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Vera, Jorge Olmo. "Explanatory factors and limitations of Spanish local debt." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 31, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-12-2015-0330.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the Law on Budgetary Stability of 2012 over the level of accumulated debt in Spanish municipalities. The paper also analyses the influence of the socioeconomic environment, political factors and budgetary indicators on the level of accumulated debt for the 2008–2014 period, which coincides with the economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses panel data methodology. First, the t-test of difference of means is used to analyse which political variables are significant. Then, the analysis is carried out using the generalised method of moments in order to obtain the explanatory variables of the level of debt. Findings The results show that in 2013–2014, the Law on Budgetary Stability did not have a significant effect on reducing the accumulated debt. However, the law has led to a change of the trend in debt levels, as the debt decreased from 2013 to 2014. Moreover, population, unemployment, immigration, personnel expenditure, direct fiscal pressure and level of investment have an influence over the level of accumulated debt. Originality/value This paper contributes to analyse to what extent the Law on Budgetary Stability has affected accumulated debt. The study reveals a slight impact on reducing debt, although it is not significant. An original aspect of this paper is that it uses dynamic models to study the accumulated debt of Spanish municipalities. The study shows the impact of socioeconomic, environmental and political factors as well as of budgetary indicators on the level of debt in the context of economic crisis.
3
Tua, Maruli, and Benedictus Raksaka Mahi. "Analysis of the effect of corruption prevention on private investment at the district/city level in Indonesia." Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi 8, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v8i2.915.
Abstract:
: Several previous studies have shown that there are differences in the effect of corruption prevention on private investment. Corruption eradication by the KPK is expected to have a positive and significant effect on investors' decisions when investing in Indonesia. This research studied the long-term effects of corruption prevention on accumulated private investment at the regional level, using cross-sectional data analysis from 507 districts and cities between 2018-2020. The test was conducted using multiple linear regression with the independent variable being the Monitoring Center for Prevention (MCP) as the corruption prevention index. Using White Robust estimator, the study results prove that corruption prevention has long-term positive and significant effects on overall accumulated investment at the district and city levels. The MCP score of a region was greater than other regions for three years, therefore the accumulated investment was greater. These results encourage an increase of urgency when mainstreaming corruption prevention, proving it to be the right choice for investment in Indonesia. To enable local governments to be involved in corruption eradication, the government is expected to provide sustainable local incentive funds (DID).
4
Mastropetros, Savvas Giannis, Konstantina Tsigkou, Yannis Cladas, Arun Kumar Priya, and Michael Kornaros. "Effect of Nitrogen, Salinity, and Light Intensity on the Biomass Composition of Nephroselmis sp.: Optimization of Lipids Accumulation (Including EPA)." Marine Drugs 21, no. 6 (May 28, 2023): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21060331.
Abstract:
Microalgal biomass is characterized by high protein, carbohydrates, and lipids concentrations. However, their qualitative and quantitative compositions depend not only on the cultivated species but also on the cultivation conditions. Focusing on the microalgae’s ability to accumulate significant fatty acids (FAs) amounts, they can be valorized either as dietary supplements or for biofuel production, depending on the accumulated biomolecules. In this study, a local isolate (Nephroselmis sp.) was precultured under autotrophic conditions, while the Box–Behnken experimental design followed using the parameters of nitrogen (0–250 mg/L), salinity (30–70 ppt) and illuminance (40–260 μmol m−2 s−1) to evaluate the accumulated biomolecules, with an emphasis on the amount of FAs and its profile. Regardless of the cultivation conditions, the FAs of C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0 were found in all samples (up to 8% w/w in total), while the unsaturated C16:1 and C18:1 were also characterized by their high accumulations. Additionally, the polyunsaturated FAs, including the valuable C20:5n3 (EPA), had accumulated when the nitrogen concentration was sufficient, and the salinity levels remained low (30 ppt). Specifically, EPA approached 30% of the total FAs. Therefore, Nephroselmis sp. could be considered as an alternative EPA source compared to the already-known species used in food supplementation.
5
Sulaiman, Junaida Binti, Herdianti Darwis, and Hideo Hirose. "Monthly Maximum Accumulated Precipitation Forecasting Using Local Precipitation Data and Global Climate Modes." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, no. 6 (November 20, 2014): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0999.
Abstract:
Successive days of precipitation are known to cause flooding in monsoon-susceptible countries. Forecasting of daily precipitation facilitates the prediction of the occurrences of rainfall and number of wet days. Using the maximum five-day accumulated precipitation (MX5d), we can predict the magnitude of precipitation in a specific period as it may indicate the extreme precipitation. In this study, a method to forecast monthly extreme precipitation using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is assessed using past MX5d data and global climate indices such as Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), and Dipole Mode Index (DMI) in Kuantan and Kota Bharu, Malaysia. The use of combined inputs (MX5d with SOI, MJO, and DMI) is proposed to investigate the concurrent effect of lagged values of local precipitation data and global climate indices on seasonal extreme precipitation. Four cases of data are sampled representing two major seasonal variations in Malaysia. The analysis of extreme precipitation trends is important for the prediction of high precipitation events. ANNs are widely applied in the hydrology field because of their nonlinear ability in predicting nonstationary and seasonal data. In this paper, we have compared ANNs with seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and regression analysis using out-of-sample test data. The results for Kuantan indicate that seasonal ARIMA is the best method to forecast extreme precipitation when MX5d lags are used as input. For Kota Bharu, ANN exhibits better generalization ability than ARIMA and regression analysis when dual inputs (lagged MX5d and lagged global climate indices) are utilized in the model.
6
Zhao, Yingxin, Xiaoya Wang, Like Pan, Jun Wang, Liming Chen, Tong Xing, Junchen Zhu, and Aiguo Zhao. "Interpretation of Frequency Effect for High-Strength Steels with Three Different Strength Levels via Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method." Materials 17, no. 10 (May 15, 2024): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102350.
Abstract:
The fatigue behavior of a high-strength bearing steel tempered under three different temperatures was investigated with ultrasonic frequency and conventional frequency loading. Three kinds of specimens with various yield strengths exhibited obvious higher fatigue strengths under ultrasonic frequency loading. Then, a 2D crystal plasticity finite element method was adopted to simulate the local stress distribution under different applied loads and loading frequencies. Simulations showed that the maximum residual local stress was much smaller under ultrasonic frequency loading in contrast to that under conventional frequency at the same applied load. It was also revealed that the maximum local stress increases with the applied load under both loading frequencies. The accumulated plastic strain was adopted as a fatigue indicator parameter to characterize the frequency effect, which was several orders smaller than that obtained under conventional loading frequencies when the applied load was fixed. The increment of accumulated plastic strain and the load stress amplitude exhibited a linear relationship in the double logarithmic coordinate system, and an improved fatigue life prediction model was established.
7
Li, Fang Po. "Analysis Fracture Failure Analysis of Drill Pipe’s Tool Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.65.
Abstract:
One drill pipe’ tool joint fractured rarely after just servicing ten days in drilling process of one natural gas well. Failure reason of tool-joint pin was researched through visual inspection, mechanical properties testing and working condition analysis. Results show that fracture failure reason is mainly due to the dramatic friction between the tool joint and the accumulated debris during the drill-string’s rotating process. Accumulated debris blocked mud’s circulation channel and leaded to poor circulation. The dramatic friction between the tool joint and accumulated debris leaded tool joint’s local temperature to risen significantly, and reduced its carrying capacity. In the end, tool joint fractured under the effect of tensile and torsional loads.
8
Lu, Rong, Fengshan Ma, Jie Zhao, Jianbo Wang, Guilin Li, and Bing Dai. "Monitoring and Analysis of Stress Distribution of the Interaction between Rock and Backfill and the Influence of Geometric Features of the Backfill Boundary." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6632884.
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Backfill mining methods are widely used in metal mines. The boundary part of the backfill has a direct effect on the local stability in mining engineering. The distribution of stress on the boundary part of the backfill and surrounding rock had their own features. To study the characteristics of stress distribution of backfill and surrounding rock on the boundary part, we conducted a field investigation, field monitoring, and numerical simulation. According to the underground monitoring, the overall characteristics of the boundary part of the backfill were that the accumulated horizontal stress was larger than the accumulated vertical stress on the deep sublevel and the accumulated horizontal stress was smaller on the shallow sublevel. On the contact zone (i.e., the boundary part), the stress of the surrounding rock was larger than the stress of the backfill. Combined with the numerical model analysis, we determined that the geometric features of the backfill boundary had an influence on the stress distribution of stress. The multistep boundary helped the integrity of the contact zone and local stability in deep mining.
9
Liang, Xiaoyan, Liqiang Zhao, Zhenmin Niu, Xingbin Xu, Nan Meng, and Nai’ang Wang. "Warm Island Effect in the Badain Jaran Desert Lake Group Region Inferred from the Accumulated Temperature." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020153.
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The Badain Jaran Desert (BJD) is characterized by the coexistence of over 110 perennial lakes and thousands of megadunes in its southeast part. Unlike the cold island effect, we found a special phenomenon of the warm island effect in the lake group region of the BJD. However, the concept and formation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, based on observations of land surface processes in the area, we first used the daily mean temperature from 23 automated meteorological stations from 2010 to 2017 to calculate the mean daily temperature (T) ≥ 0 °C, T ≥ 10 °C accumulated temperature and negative accumulated temperature. Furthermore, using the net radiation from two eddy covariance measurement systems, characteristics of the net radiation between the lake and megadunes were analyzed. When comparing observed data in the lake group region to surrounding areas, accumulated temperature from all three meteorological stations in the lake group region were higher; the duration days of T ≥ 0 °C and T ≥ 10 °C were longer, whereas duration days of negative accumulated temperature were shorter. In addition, the initial dates for T ≥ 0 °C and T ≥ 10 °C accumulated temperature were earlier, whereas the end dates were delayed. Variations in heat were observed between stations in the lake group region that may be reflective of microclimate environments between lakes. The authors relate warm island formation in the BJD lake group region to (1) the heat carried by groundwater recharge to the desert lake groups has a great impact on the local temperature. (2) Net heat radiation to the atmosphere through sensible heat flux owing to sparse vegetation in the desert areas. Hence, heat resources are richer in the lake group region. This study aims to improve our understanding of the warm island effect from a comprehensive analysis of its intensity and distribution pattern around the lake group region as compared to its surroundings. In addition, the results from this study will provide a scientific basis for determining the source of lake water in the BJD.
10
Hultman, Lisa, and Kajsa Tidblad-Lundholm. "“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”." Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung 9, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42597-019-00020-1.
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AbstractThe article “Violence reduction or relocation? Effects of United Nations troops presence on local levels of violence” by Laura Peitz and Gregor Reisch is one of several recent articles that explore the local effects of peacekeeping deployments. We provide an overview of accumulated knowledge and conflicting findings, and identify a few remaining gaps in the literature. The finding that more peacekeepers are better at reducing violence has been replicated by several studies, although a few studies have identified conditional effects. Taken together, studies find that peacekeepers can reduce both violence between armed actors and violence against civilians. While Peitz and Reisch do not make a distinction between different perpetrators, previous work suggest that peacekeepers are better at reducing violence against civilians by non-state actors. Peitz and Reisch are thus far one of the few studies that explores the impact of the type of peacekeepers – although the findings are ambiguous. Lastly, there is a tension in the literature between Peitz and Reisch, who claim that peacekeepers diffuse violence to nearby location, and other studies that find no such relocation effect, or even the opposite. Future work should continue to explore the local effects of peacekeeping, directing attention to questions about types of peacekeepers, local conditions as enabling factors, the role of military capabilities (as opposed to capacity), and actions taken on the ground.
11
Lynch, C. "Pharmacological evidence for two types of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): H785—H795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.3.h785.
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Contractions of guinea pig papillary muscles were studied at 37 degrees C under a variety of conditions and stimulation rates that markedly alter the pattern of tension development. When rested-state contractions (RSCs) were enhanced by treatments that increase intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (0.1-1 microM isoproterenol, 1-10 microM forskolin), a markedly enhanced late peak tension developed after a 100-ms delay. Such late peak tension was selectively depressed by local anesthetics (200-400 microM procaine, 4-10 microM tetracaine, or 0.5-1 mM ethyl aminobenzoate). In contrast, 0.1-1 microM ryanodine had little effect on late peak tension, whereas 5 mM caffeine reduced the delay before tension development. Inotropic interventions such as increased external Ca2+ concentration or the Ca2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644 did not elicit such distinct late peaking RSCs. Rapid initial tension development observed under a variety of situations (short cycle lengths, stimulation rates of 0.25 Hz plus isoproterenol, decreased external Na+ concentration) was markedly depressed by 0.01-1 microM ryanodine and by caffeine, whereas local anesthetics had little effect. These results suggest two pharmacologically distinct types of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release: 1) Ca2+ that accumulates during prior depolarizations is released immediately upon depolarization and decreased by ryanodine and caffeine; 2) extracellular Ca2+ that enters the myocyte is accumulated and released after an initial delay and is selectively depressed by low concentrations of local anesthetics.
12
Palmaru, Raivo. "The Accumulation Effect." Nordicom Review 26, no. 2 (November 1, 2005): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0257.
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Abstract Although numerous studies over the past 20 years have revealed a clear connection between content analysis statistics and the results of public opinion surveys, the media’s “minimal effects” hypothesis still remains the overwhelmingly prevailing view. Among other things, it is not clear which of the two influences the other: Do people’s political preferences influence the media or do the media influence people’s preferences? In order to test this, the results of the 1999 and 2003 general elections and the 2002 local elections in Estonia, as well as the results of current public opinion surveys, were compared to the coverage given to the campaigning parties in the largest Estonian newspapers. The analysis showed that the coverage of political parties in the print media, as determined by the frequency of valuative notations, described the election results to a great extent. It is noteworthy that a change in media content was followed by a change in public opinion. At the same time, an accumulation effect became obvious: The voters’ preferences for political parties accumulated diachronically during the course of several weeks based on the information that was available to them.
13
Koreivienė, Judita, Robertas Valčiukas, Jūratė Karosienė, and Pranas Baltrėnas. "TESTING OF CHLORELLA/SCENEDESMUS MICROALGAE CONSORTIA FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER, CO₂ MITIGATION AND ALGAE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY FOR LIPID PRODUCTION." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 22, no. 2 (June 20, 2014): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2013.911182.
Abstract:
Industry, transport and unsustainable agriculture result in the increased quantity of wastewater, release of nutrients and emission of carbon dioxide that promotes eutrophication of water bodies and global climate change. the application of microalgae for phycoremediation, their biomass use for human needs may increase sustainability and have a positive effect on the regional development. The experiments were carried out in order to establish the feasibility of treating the local municipal wastewater with microalgae consortia and their biomass potential for biofuel production. The results revealed that Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium eliminated up to 99.7–99.9% of inorganic phosphorus and up to 88.6–96.4% of inorganic nitrogen from the wastewater within three weeks. The ammonium removal was more efficient than that of nitrate. Chlorella algae grew better in diluted, while Scenedesmus – in the concentrated wastewater. The consortium treated wastewater more efficiently than a single species. The maximum biomass (3.04 g/L) of algal consortium was estimated in concentrated wastewater. Algae accumulated 0.65–1.37 g of CO2/L per day in their biomass. Tus, Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium is a promising tool for nutrients elimination from the local wastewater under the climatic conditions specific to Lithuania. However, none of the two species were able to accumulate lipids under the nitrogen starvation conditions.
14
Llamas, Susana, Claudio Sandoval, Mar Babin, Judy Pogany, Jozef J. Bujarski, and Javier Romero. "Effect of the Host and Temperature on the Formation of Defective RNAs Associated with Broad bean mottle virus Infection." Phytopathology® 94, no. 1 (January 2004): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.1.69.
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Previously, we demonstrated that Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), a member of the genus Bromovirus, could accumulate RNA 2-derived defective interfering (DI) RNAs during infection. In this work, we study how host and environmental factors affect the accumulation of DI RNAs. Serial passages of BBMV through selected plant species reveal that, with low-multiplicity inocula, some systemic hosts (Vicia faba, Nicotiana clevelandii, and N. tabacum cv. Samsum) support DI RNA accumulation after the first passage cycle but other hosts (Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and Glycine max) do not. However, several passages with the high-multiplicity inocula can generate DI RNAs in pea plants. Local lesion hosts (Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and C. murale) remain free of the DI RNA components. The size of the de novo-formed DI RNAs depends on the host and on environmental conditions. For instance, broad bean plants cultivated in a greenhouse or in a growth chamber at 20°C accumulated DI RNAs of 2.4 or 1.9 kb in size, respectively. A reverse trend was observed in pea plants. Lower temperatures greatly facilitated the formation of DI RNAs in broad bean and pea hosts after the first passage. The importance of these findings for the studies on DI RNAs are discussed.
15
Shi, Miaoying, Jintao Xu, Shilei Liu, and Zhenci Xu. "Productivity-Based Land Suitability and Management Sensitivity Analysis: The Eucalyptus E. urophylla × E. grandis Case." Forests 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020340.
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Eucalyptus plantations are productive and short rotation forests prevalent in tropical areas that experience fast expansion and face controversies in ecological issues. In this study, we perform a systematic analysis of factors influencing eucalyptus growth through plot records from the National Forest Inventories and satellite images. We find primary restricting factors for eucalyptus growth via machine learning algorithms with random forests and accumulated local effects plots, as conventional forest growth models are inadequate to calculate the causal effect with the large number of environmental and socioeconomic factors. As a result, despite common belief that temperature affects eucalyptus growth the most, we find that precipitation is the most evident restricting factor for eucalyptus growth. We then identify and rank key factors that affect timber growth, such as tree density, rotation period, and wood ownership. Finally, we suggest optimal management and planting strategies for local farmers and policymakers to facilitate eucalyptus growth.
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Kochel, Tammy Rinehart. "Explaining Racial Differences in Ferguson’s Impact on Local Residents’ Trust and Perceived Legitimacy: Policy Implications for Police." Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 3 (January 9, 2017): 374–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416684923.
Abstract:
Public support and trust are critical to effective democratic policing, but scholars have suggested police in the United States may be experiencing a legitimacy crisis. High-profile police-involved shootings like those which have happened over the last 2 years can have negative consequences. This study assesses the consequences of the Ferguson, Missouri unrest and police response on local residents’ views. A panel survey of St Louis County, Missouri residents conducted before and after the police shooting of Michael Brown examines the effects on procedural justice and trust, police legitimacy, and willingness to cooperate with police. Results reveal a significantly different effect on African American versus non-Black residents. African Americans’ views significantly declined while non-Black residents’ perceptions were stable. Qualitative data are used to apply the conflict/group position and accumulated experience theories to explain racial disparities and are used as a basis to offer strategies to improve confidence and trust in police.
17
Enushchenko, I. V. "Environmental changes in last 200 years from results of bottom-sediments analysis of lake Oron (Kodar ridge, Eastern Siberia, Russia)." Водные ресурсы 46, no. 4 (August 21, 2019): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321-0596464447-456.
Abstract:
Records of bottom sediments accumulated in Lake Oron over the last 200 years were analyzed. Chironomidological and palynological examinations of Lake Oron bottom sediments, based on a 10-cm-thick sample from drilling, were conducted. The dynamic climate effect on fauna was studied by examination of Chironomidae larvae from the lake. The lake’s hydrological status and the local and regional landscape and vegetation were also determined. As a result of these environmental studies, the effect of Lake Oron’s nearshore conversion to bog on the process of the lake water’s acidification was assumed, and the approximate dates of the process were defined as beginning in the 1940s.
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Smoleń, Sylwester, Aneta Lukasiewicz, Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka, and Rafal Baranski. "Effect of Soil Salinity and Foliar Application of Jasmonic Acid on Mineral Balance of Carrot Plants Tolerant and Sensitive to Salt Stress." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050659.
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to determine the effects of soil salinity stress and foliar application of jasmonic acid (JA) on the mineral balance in plants of salt-sensitive doubled haploid carrot line (DH1) and salt-tolerant local DLBA variety (DLBA). Concentrations of 28 elements were determined in roots and leaves and in the soil. The DcNHX4 gene (cation:proton exchange antiporter) expression was assessed. The salinity stress reduced the mass of roots and leaves more in DH1 than in DLBA. DLBA plants accumulated larger amounts of Na and Cl in the roots and had an increased transport of these elements to the leaves. The salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive carrot varieties differed in their ability to uptake and accumulate some elements, such as K, Mg, Zn, S, Cd, P and B, and this response was organ-specific. A selective uptake of K in the presence of high Na concentration was evident in the tolerant variety, and a high Na content in its leaves correlated with the expression of DcNHX4 gene, which was expressed in DLBA leaves only. JA application did not affect the growth of DLBA or DH1 plants. In the sensitive DH1 variety grown under salinity stress, JA induced changes in the mineral balance by limiting the uptake of the sum of all elements, especially Na and Cl, and by limiting Zn and Cd accumulation.
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Trotsenko, V., and T. Trotsenko. "Tourist-regional work as a means of forming a healthy way of life for schoolchildren for schoolchildren." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(161) (March 15, 2023): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.03(161).33.
Abstract:
The purpose of the work is to systematization and analysis of literature data reveals the organizational and methodological foundations of tourism and local lore work of schoolchildren, which are effective, efficient and very powerful means of educating a comprehensive and harmoniously developed creative personality of schoolchildren. The results of modern scientific research show that a significant amount of empirical and theoretical and methodological material has been accumulated, which shows that the use of various forms of tourism and local lore provides a comprehensive nature in the education, upbringing and rehabilitation of schoolchildren.
The health value of tourism is determined by the presence in the natural environment, the positive effect of various natural factors in conjunction with physical activity. It is natural factors combined with physical exercises, as scientists say, are effective means of strengthening the health and physical development of the child's body, which are best found in a variety of forms of tourist-local lore work.
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Hernández-Calle, D., and M. F. Bravo-Ortiz. "Climate factors associated with help seeking of patient suffering from suicidal stress: The case of rainy days." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1875.
Abstract:
IntroductionSuicidal phenomena help seeking depends on a broad array of factors, which include climatic variables. Our aim was to analyse the effect of precipitation with help seeking in patients suffering from suicidal behaviourObjectivesOur aim was to analyse the effect of precipitation with help seeking in patients suffering from suicidal behaviourMethodsDaily urgency visits from suicidal phenomena (including suicide attempt and ideation) were extracted from electronic medical records of Hospital Universitario La Paz from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Precipitation data (measured as accumulated litres per square meter) was obtained from a local climate station. Spearman correlation was estimatedResultsThe Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.04(p = 0.48)ConclusionsPrecipitation did not influence help seeking for patients affected by suicidal phenomenaDisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Parajuli, Sagar P., Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Alexander Ukhov, Suleiman Mostamandi, Paul A. Kucera, Duncan Axisa, William I. Gustafson Jr., and Yannian Zhu. "Effect of dust on rainfall over the Red Sea coast based on WRF-Chem model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 13 (July 6, 2022): 8659–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8659-2022.
Abstract:
Abstract. Water is the single most important element of life. Rainfall plays an important role in the spatial and temporal distribution of this precious natural resource, and it has a direct impact on agricultural production, daily life activities, and human health. One of the important elements that govern rainfall formation and distribution is atmospheric aerosol, which also affects the Earth's radiation balance and climate. Therefore, understanding how dust compositions and distributions affect the regional rainfall pattern is crucial, particularly in regions with high atmospheric dust loads such as the Middle East. Although aerosol and rainfall research has garnered increasing attention as both an independent and interdisciplinary topic in the last few decades, the details of various direct and indirect pathways by which dust affects rainfall are not yet fully understood. Here, we explored the effects of dust on rainfall formation and distribution as well as the physical mechanisms that govern these phenomena, using high-resolution WRF-Chem simulations (∼ 1.5 km × 1.5 km) configured with an advanced double-moment cloud microphysics scheme coupled with a sectional eight-bin aerosol scheme. Our model-simulated results were realistic, as evaluated from multiple perspectives including vertical profiles of aerosol concentrations, aerosol size distributions, vertical profiles of air temperature, diurnal wind cycles, and spatio-temporal rainfall patterns. Rainfall over the Red Sea coast is mainly caused by warm rain processes, which are typically confined within a height of ∼ 6 km over the Sarawat mountains and exhibit a strong diurnal cycle that peaks in the evening at approximately 18:00 local time under the influence of sea breezes. Numerical experiments indicated that dust could both suppress or enhance rainfall. The effect of dust on rainfall was calculated as total, indirect, and direct effects, based on 10-year August-average daily-accumulated rainfall over the study domain covering the eastern Red Sea coast. For extreme rainfall events (domain-average daily-accumulated rainfall of ≥ 1.33 mm), the net effect of dust on rainfall was positive or enhancement (6.05 %), with the indirect effect (4.54 %) and direct effect (1.51 %) both causing rainfall increase. At a 5 % significance level, the total and indirect effects were statistically significant whereas the direct effect was not. For normal rainfall events (domain-average daily-accumulated rainfall < 1.33 mm), the indirect effect enhanced rainfall (4.76 %) whereas the direct effect suppressed rainfall (−5.78 %), resulting in a negative net suppressing effect (−1.02 %), all of which were statistically significant. We investigated the possible physical mechanisms of the effects and found that the rainfall suppression by dust direct effects was mainly caused by the scattering of solar radiation by dust. The surface cooling induced by dust weakens the sea breeze circulation, which decreases the associated landward moisture transport, ultimately suppressing rainfall. For extreme rainfall events, dust causes net rainfall enhancement through indirect effects as the high dust concentration facilitates raindrops to grow when the water vapor is sufficiently available. Our results have broader scientific and environmental implications. Specifically, although dust is considered a problem from an air quality perspective, our results highlight the important role of dust on sea breeze circulation and associated rainfall over the Red Sea coastal regions. Our results also have implications for cloud seeding and water resource management.
22
Kerkhoff, Maximilian, Susanne Grunewald, Christiane Schaefer, Stefan K. Zöllner, Pauline Plaumann, Maike Busch, Nicole Dünker, et al. "Evaluation of the Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on CAM-Grown Sarcomas." Bioengineering 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040464.
Abstract:
Resection margin adequacy plays a critical role in the local control of sarcomas. Fluorescence-guided surgery has increased complete resection rates and local recurrence-free survival in several oncological disciplines. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sarcomas exhibit sufficient tumor fluorescence (photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)) after administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) has an impact on tumor vitality in vivo. Sixteen primary cell cultures were derived from patient samples of 12 different sarcoma subtypes and transplanted onto the chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos to generate 3-dimensional cell-derived xenografts (CDXs). After treatment with 5-ALA, the CDXs were incubated for another 4 h. Subsequently accumulated protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) was excited by blue light and the intensity of tumor fluorescence was analyzed. A subset of CDXs was exposed to red light and morphological changes of both CAMs and tumors were documented. Twenty-four hours after PDT, the tumors were excised and examined histologically. High rates of cell-derived engraftments on the CAM were achieved in all sarcoma subtypes and an intense PPIX fluorescence was observed. PDT of CDXs resulted in a disruption of tumor-feeding vessels and 52.4% of CDXs presented as regressive after PDT treatment, whereas control CDXs remained vital in all cases. Therefore, 5-ALA mediated PDD and PDT appear to be promising tools in defining sarcoma resection margins (PDD) and adjuvant treatment of the tumor bed (PDT).
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De Lacerda, Luiz Drude, Ingra Kellen Belmino Belmino, Lucas Buruaem Moreira, and Rozane Valente Marins. "EFFECT OF DREDGING ON HG DISTRIBUTION IN WATER AND SEDIMENTS IN THE MUCURIPE HARBOR, FORTALEZA, NE BRAZIL." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 52, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v52i2.42167.
Abstract:
Dredging and tailings disposal can mobilize mercury (Hg) accumulated in bottom sediments, increasing the exposure of the aquatic biota. In the Mucuripe Harbor, NE, Brazil, dredging is performed regularly, but the impact on Hg mobilization is unknown. This paper presents results from the monitoring of a dredging operation to characterize and quantify an eventual Hg mobilization. The results showed that remobilization is significant and is associated with suspended solids. Further deposition of the Hg-enriched, remobilized, suspended solids increased Hg concentrations by a factor of 1.2 and 2.0 in harbor and shelf sediments, respectively. Maximum concentrations in harbor and shelf sediments reached 79.9 ng.g-1 and 32.4 ng.g-1 (20 and 9 higher than the regional background, respectively). The progressive increase in Hg concentrations may result in higher exposure to the local biota.Keywords: metals, mobilization, contamination, coastal sediments.
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Smolíková, Jana, Hana Pokladníková, and František Toman. "Zoning of erosion potential of water accumulated in snow cover based on climatological data analysis." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 5 (2009): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957050271.
Abstract:
Melting of snow in winter and early spring often causes soil erosion. The results of erosion studies show that the runoff generated in the cold period can cause more intensive erosion than in the warm half year. By analysis of the monthly catchment of suspended sediments, it was found maximum of suspended sediments in the spring likely as effect of the spring melting of snow. Erosion caused by water from melting snow in our conditions does not reach the same intensity as the erosion caused by torrential rainfall. However, the torrential rainfall has only a local character, while the spring melting of snow usually affects larger territory. Erosive potential of water stored in snow cover can be established on the basis of the quantity of water resulting from melting snow and the speed of melting snow. Erosion caused by melting snow is given by quantity and the maximum speed of water runoff, which may be enhanced by rainfall, occurring in parallel with the snow melting. The total soil loss due to melting snow is also influenced by other factors: soil moisture, which affects the size of infiltration, soil freezing, the topography, the protective effect of vegetation, soil erodibility and implemented erosion control measures.The work analyzed erosive potential of snow cover during the cold period 1981/82 to 2007/2008 for the part of the Czech Republic, which falls within the scope of the Brno branch of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI). For zoning of erosive potential of snow cover in the area of interest 22 climatological stations has been chosen (with regard to their equitable representation in different altitudes and different climatic conditions).The work brings erosive potential determination of water stored in snow cover. Its size corresponds to the altitude and climatic conditions represented by climatic region (according to Estimated Ecological Pedological Unit – EPEU) of investigational sites. Closeness of the relationship, expressed as a coefficient of correlation is 0.794, respectively 0.844. By the GIS interpolation on the basis of altitude a map of the erosive potential of the water stored in snow cover for the field of interest was processed.
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Cyprain Akukwu, Darlington, Godwin Chinedu Uloneme, Damian Nnabuihe Ezejindu, Princewill Sopuluchukwu Udodi, Ifesinachi Ogochukwu Ezejindu, Chukwudi Jesse Nwajagu, Benedict Nzube Obinwa, et al. "The effect of local millet drink (Kunu) on the testis and epididymis of adult male wistar rats." WikiJournal of Science 7, no. 1 (2024): X. http://dx.doi.org/10.15347/wjs/2024.001.
Abstract:
Background: Kunu is a local beverage drink that finds its origin in the northern part of Nigeria. This study was aimed at determining the effect of the liquid drink on the epididymis, testes, sperm parameters, and hormonal assay. Methods: A total of sixteen rats were used for this study and the animals were separated into four groups of four rats each (A-D). The animals were then sacrificed and the testes and epididymis were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline. Group A was fed only rat feed and water. Groups B, C, and D were fed 0.2 ml, 0.9 ml, and 2.5 ml of Kunu respectively orally using a metal cannula for 21 days. Findings: There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the relative testicular weights of groups B, C, and D as compared with those of group A. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in sperm count in groups B, C, and D when compared to group A. There was an insignificant increase (P>0.05) in FSH in groups B, C, and D when compared to group A. The histopathological findings revealed that the group B rats of 0.2ml and group C rats of 0.9ml showed epididymal tissue with moderate accumulation of spermatozoa and testicular tubules with moderately enhanced spermatogenesis. The group D rats showed well-accumulated spermatozoa in the epididymal lumen and improved spermatogenesis in the testis as did group A. Conclusion: Kunu beverage may not be used as a natural male fertility booster since it does little to improve sperm count, motility, morphology, pH, and hormonal levels of FSH and testosterone.
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Koizumi, H., S. Uda, K. Fujiwara, M. Tachibana, K. Kojima, and J. Nozawa. "Crystallization of high-quality protein crystals using an external electric field." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 5 (September 20, 2015): 1507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715015885.
Abstract:
The effect of a 20 kHz external electric field on the quality of tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme crystals was investigated using X-ray diffraction rocking-curve measurements. The full width at half-maximum was found to be larger for high-order reflections but smaller for low-order reflections. In particular, it was revealed that a large amount of local strain is accumulated in tetragonal HEW lysozyme crystals grown under an applied field at 20 kHz. Comparison with previous results obtained for crystals grown with an applied field at 1 MHz [Koizumi, Uda, Fujiwara, Tachibana, Kojima & Nozawa (2013).J. Appl. Cryst.46, 25–29] indicated that improvement of the protein crystal quality could be achieved by selection of an appropriate frequency for the applied electric field, which has a significant effect on the growth of the solid.
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VED PRAKASH, A.K.SINGH, RAKESH KUMAR, J.S.MISHRA, SANTOSH KUMAR, S.K.DWIVEDI, K.K.RAO, S.K.SAMAL, and B.P.BHATT. "Thermal regimes: The key to phenological dynamics and productivity of fababean (Vicia faba L.)." Journal of Agrometeorology 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v20i1.500.
Abstract:
Field study was conducted to know the effect of thermal environment on different phenostages, grain yield andyield attributes of fababean (Vicia fabaL.) during rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, (Bihar). Fababean was sown four dates (Nov. 1, 15 & 30, Dec. 15) with four varieties(Local, Vikranta, Gaurav and Suraksha).Yield of fababean varieties was strongly responsive to the thermal units/growing degree days (GDD) accumulated during emergence to maturity. Results revealed that duration of phenostages and thermal units varied with the dates of sowing. November 01 sown crop produced significantly higher number of seeds pod-1 (3.21), higher seed yield (3.13 t ha-1) and biological yield (6.30 t ha-1) compared to other sowing dates. Among varieties, Gaurav exhibited significantly higher total dry matter production, heat use efficiency (2.32 kg ha-1°C day), more number of seeds pod-1 (3.03) and higher seed yield (3.47t ha-1) followed by Suraksha, Vikranta and Local.
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Skreslet, Stig, Angel Borja, Luca Bugliaro, Georg Hansen, Ralf Meerkötter, Ketil Olsen, and Jean Verdebout. "Some effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate on the reproduction of Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda) and year class formation in Arcto-Norwegian cod (Gadus morhua)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 62, no. 7 (January 1, 2005): 1293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.05.019.
Abstract:
AbstractZooplankton sampling in 1997 identified the frontal zone of the Norwegian Coastal Current as a reproduction habitat for Calanus finmarchicus in June–August. This area is subject to considerable ultraviolet radiation (UVR), as calculated from satellite observations of ozone and cloudiness. While in situ experiments indicated UVR-induced mortality in reproducing C. finmarchicus, monthly UVR doses during the actual reproduction period did not appear to affect the abundance of the resulting generation of adolescent copepodites (CIV-V) that accumulated in a fjord habitat during October 1983–2000. Local UVR in the spawning grounds of Arcto-Norwegian cod at the Lofoten Islands in March–May was positively correlated with the stock's 0-group index, which resulted in the rejection of the hypothesis that local UVR leads to high mortality of cod eggs or reduces the abundance of prey for cod larvae. Rather, the result suggests an indirect positive effect of UVR on the survival of cod eggs and larvae, possibly by controlling harmful microbes.
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Chen, Zhi-Yuan, Hui-Wen Xiao, Jia-Li Dong, Yuan Li, Bin Wang, Sai-Jun Fan, and Ming Cui. "Gut Microbiota-Derived PGF2α Fights against Radiation-Induced Lung Toxicity through the MAPK/NF-κB Pathway." Antioxidants 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010065.
Abstract:
Radiation pneumonia is a common and intractable side effect associated with radiotherapy for chest cancer and involves oxidative stress damage and inflammation, prematurely halting the remedy and reducing the life quality of patients. However, the therapeutic options for the complication have yielded disappointing results in clinical application. Here, we report an effective avenue for fighting against radiation pneumonia. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) reduced radiation pneumonia, scavenged oxidative stress and improved lung function in mouse models. Local chest irradiation shifted the gut bacterial taxonomic proportions, which were preserved by FMT. The level of gut microbiota-derived PGF2α decreased following irradiation but increased after FMT. Experimental mice with PGF2α replenishment, via an oral route, exhibited accumulated PGF2α in faecal pellets, peripheral blood and lung tissues, resulting in the attenuation of inflammatory status of the lung and amelioration of lung respiratory function following local chest irradiation. PGF2α activated the FP/MAPK/NF-κB axis to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis with radiation challenge; silencing MAPK attenuated the protective effect of PGF2α on radiation-challenged lung cells. Together, our findings pave the way for the clinical treatment of radiotherapy-associated complications and underpin PGF2α as a gut microbiota-produced metabolite.
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Johns, GG, and DM McConchie. "Irrigation of bananas with secondary treated sewage effluent. II. Effect on plant nutrients, additional elements and pesticide residues in plants, soil and leachate using drainage lysimeters." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 7 (1994): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941619.
Abstract:
The effects of irrigating banana plants with secondary treated sewage effluent were examined using lysimeters at Woolgoolga, N.S.W. Lysimeters were sheltered from rain so that they received only effluent or tap water without substantial leaching occurring. Total application was c. 4700 mm over c. 30 months, equivalent to about 8 years field requirements for supplementary irrigation. At the end of the growth period, plants and soils were analysed for a wide range of chemical parameters. Soil profiles were then leached and the collected leachate was also analysed. Irrigation with effluent had no effect on plant size. Plants watered with effluent contained 225% more sodium, 81% more boron, 43% more copper, 26% more chloride, and about 16% more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium than plants watered with tap water. Soils watered with effluent accumulated more phosphorus, sulfate, chloride, calcium and sodium than soils watered with tap water. Phosphorus sorption results indicated that it would take over 200 years of supplementary watering with effluent to saturate the profile with P. Leachate collected after the growth period from lysimeters watered with effluent contained negligible phosphorus, but considerable sodium, chloride, sulfate, and magnesium. There was no evidence of sodium in effluent displacing calcium from the profile. The high concentration of magnesium in leachate from both treatments indicated that magnesium was displaced by the high levels of potassium fertilizer applied to ensure adequacy for growth of banana plants. Boron concentrations in the leachate indicated that boron would not accumulate in the profile under natural rainfall conditions. Other trace elements were also most unlikely to accumulate to problem levels. Pesticide residue testing of banana pulp, soils and leachate indicated minimal likelihood of problems associated with such residues in local effluent. It was concluded that supplementary irrigation of bananas with the effluent tested was unlikely to cause any problems with either soil or plant chemistry, given the considerable surplus of rainfall which occurs locally in most autumns.
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Burzyński, Damian. "Useful energy prediction model of a Lithium-ion cell operating on various duty cycles." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.2.13.
Abstract:
The paper deals with the subject of the prediction of useful energy during the cycling of a lithium-ion cell (LIC), using machine learning-based techniques. It was demonstrated that depending on the combination of cycling parameters, the useful energy (RUEc) that can be transferred during a full cycle is variable, and also three different types of evolution of changes in RUEc were identified. The paper presents a new non-parametric RUEc prediction model based on Gaussian process regression. It was proven that the proposed methodology enables the RUEc prediction for LICs discharged, above the depth of discharge, at a level of 70% with an acceptable error, which is confirmed for new load profiles. Furthermore, techniques associated with explainable artificial intelligence were applied to determine the significance of model input parameters – the variable importance method – and to determine the quantitative effect of individual model parameters (their reciprocal interaction) on RUEc – the accumulated local effects model of the first and second order.
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Chowdhury, Vuban, Suman Kumar Mitra, and Sarah Hernandez. "Electric Vehicle Usage Patterns in Multi-Vehicle Households in the US: A Machine Learning Study." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (June 19, 2024): 5200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16125200.
Abstract:
Electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. In the US, EVs are mostly owned by multi-vehicle households, and their usage is primarily studied in the context of vehicle miles traveled. This study takes a unique approach by analyzing EV usage through the lens of vehicle choice (between EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles) within multi-vehicle households. A two-step machine-learning framework (clustering and decision trees) is proposed. The framework determines the preferred trip category for EV use and captures the effects of household attributes, driver attributes, built-environment factors, and gas prices on EV use in multi-vehicle households. Results indicate that discretionary trips (accumulated local effect = 0.037) are mostly preferred for EV use. EV preference is more pronounced among households with fewer workers (<2) and lower income levels. These findings are valuable for policymakers and auto manufacturers in targeting specific market segments and promoting EV adoption.
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Novelsyah, Mochamad, Wahyudin Nor, and Rasidah Rasidah. "Model Prediksi Perubahan Anggaran Belanja Daerah Pada Kabupaten Kota di Kalimantan Selatan." Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Bisnis, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2022) (May 31, 2022): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/jakb.v15i1.5296.
Abstract:
This study aimed to examine and analyze the effect of Income Variance, Expenditure Variance, Financial Autonomy, and Surplus Accumulation on the prediction model of Regional Budget Changes in districts and cities in the province of South Kalimantan. The data used in this study is secondary data derived from reports on budget realization and regional expenditure budgets. The population in this study were all districts and cities in the province of South Kalimantan for the 2015-2019 period. The number of districts and cities in this study were 12 local governments with an observation period of five years. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS Version 25 program. The test results show that the Income Variance, Expenditure Variance, and Accumulated Surplus significantly affect Changes in the Regional Budget. In contrast, the Financial Independence variable has no significant effect on Changes in the Regional Budget.
34
Osuna-Galán, I., Y. Pérez-Pimentel, Carlos Avilés-Cruz, and Juan Villegas-Cortez. "Topology: A Theory of a Pseudometric-Based Clustering Model and Its Application in Content-Based Image Retrieval." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (January 21, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4540731.
Abstract:
The clustering problem has been extensively studied over the last 50 years; however, it still has the attention of researchers. This paper presents a topological basis of a pseudometric-based clustering model which takes into account the local and global topological properties of the data to be clustered, as per the definition of homogeneity measurement. The proposed approach takes into account the homogeneity effect produced when a new particle is added to a group. The additional element can be accumulated in the group if its local homogeneity is not altered and, therefore, it is not necessary to carry out tests in another group. A new group needs to be generated if the threshold of the local homogeneity of the group exceeds. Theoretical results, their implementation, and their application to the problem of Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) are presented. The tests were performed using three image databases widely used in the literature, which are “Vogel and Shiele,” “Oliva and Torralba,” and “L. Fei- Fei, R. Fergus and P. Perona.” The results are presented and compared with the most competitive methods available in the literature.
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Shamdani, Amir Hossein, and Shahin Khoddam. "A computer-aided specimen design to induce shearing strain around a hole." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 12 (March 9, 2012): 2837–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212440909.
Abstract:
The local torsion process which involves an axisymmetric torsional loading around the design position of a hole in a structure has recently found important applications for grain refinement in tubes and fastener holes. The specimen design is a pre-requisite for any experimental investigation of the local torsion process. The purpose of this study is to investigate a number of potential designs which enable the implementation of the local torsion. These designs include a mandrel to twist the specimen and a range of connection configurations between the mandrel and the specimen including threaded, hexagonal and spline bindings. In order to understand the process requirements and for estimating the effect of design parameters, a coupled numerical analysis of the specimen is utilized, involving a non-linear finite element analysis using Abaqus. A sequence of computational steps with different boundary conditions at the interface is devised to simulate the coupled problem. The proposed configurations are compared for their abilities to perform the local torsion and produce the shearing strain within an annular zone around the hole. This allows investigation of the effectiveness of each design for the implementation of the local torsion. The distribution of strain accumulated around the hole in the radial direction is studied after carrying out the process. Finally, a specimen–mandrel assembly design is recommended to ensure that the process can be successfully implemented.
36
Khatib Shahidi, Roxana, Jenny M. Hoffmann, Shahram Hedjazifar, Laurianne Bonnet, Ritesh K. Baboota, Stephanie Heasman, Christopher Church, et al. "Adult mice are unresponsive to AAV8-Gremlin1 gene therapy targeting the liver." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0247300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247300.
Abstract:
Objective Gremlin 1 (GREM1) is a secreted BMP2/4 inhibitor which regulates commitment and differentiation of human adipose precursor cells and prevents the browning effect of BMP4. GREM1 is an insulin antagonist and serum levels are high in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We here examined in vivo effects of AAV8 (Adeno-Associated Viral vectors of serotype eight) GREM 1 targeting the liver in mature mice to increase its systemic secretion and also, in a separate study, injected recombinant GREM 1 intraperitoneally. The objective was to characterize systemic effects of GREM 1 on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, body weight, adipose cell browning and other local tissue effects. Methods Adult mice were injected with AAV8 vectors expressing GREM1 in the liver or receiving regular intra-peritoneal injections of recombinant GREM1 protein. The mice were fed with a low fat or high fat diet (HFD) and followed over time. Results Liver-targeted AAV8-GREM1 did not alter body weight, whole-body glucose and insulin tolerance, or adipose tissue gene expression. Although GREM1 protein accumulated in liver cells, GREM1 serum levels were not increased suggesting that it may not have been normally processed for secretion. Hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis were also not changed. Repeated intraperitoneal rec-GREM1 injections for 5 weeks were also without effects on body weight and insulin sensitivity. UCP1 was slightly but significantly reduced in both white and brown adipose tissue but this was not of sufficient magnitude to alter body weight. We validated that recombinant GREM1 inhibited BMP4-induced pSMAD1/5/9 in murine cells in vitro, but saw no direct inhibitory effect on insulin signalling and pAkt (ser 473 and thr 308) activation. Conclusion GREM1 accumulates intracellularly when overexpressed in the liver cells of mature mice and is apparently not normally processed/secreted. However, also repeated intraperitoneal injections were without effects on body weight and insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue UCP1 levels were only marginally reduced. These results suggest that mature mice do not readily respond to GREMLIN 1 but treatment of murine cells with GREMLIN 1 protein in vitro validated its inhibitory effect on BMP4 signalling while insulin signalling was not altered.
37
Lee, Jong-Won, Se-Rin Park, and Sang-Woo Lee. "Effect of Land Use on Stream Water Quality and Biological Conditions in Multi-Scale Watersheds." Water 15, no. 24 (December 6, 2023): 4210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15244210.
Abstract:
Understanding the relation between watershed land use and stream conditions is critical for watershed planning and management. This study investigated the effects of land use on stream water quality and biological conditions in sub-watersheds and micro-watersheds across the Han River watershed in South Korea. We developed random forest models for each water quality and biological indicator using the proportions of urban, agricultural, and forested areas. Our results indicate that water quality and biological indicators were significantly affected by forest area at both scales, and the sub-watershed models performed better than the micro-watershed models. Accumulated local effects were used to interpret the effect of each explanatory variable on the response variable. The plots for water quality and biological indicators with proportions of watershed land use demonstrated similar patterns at both scales, although the relation between land use and stream conditions was slightly more sensitive in micro-watersheds than in sub-watersheds. Urban and agricultural areas showed a lower proportion of water quality and biological condition variability in the micro-watersheds than in the sub-watersheds, while forests showed the opposite results. The findings of this study suggest that different spatial scales should be considered when developing effective watershed management strategies to maintain stream ecosystems.
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Dudkiewicz, Edyta. "Selecting of heating by gas radiant heaters in relation to the new ecodesign requirements on the example of large–cubage halls." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400036.
Abstract:
According to the schedule of the European Commission’s product efficiency policy in force, as specified in European Union Commission Regulation of 28 April 2015, new requirements for local space heaters are in effect from 1 January 2018. The paper provides current definitions of appliances, including gas radiant heaters, intended for commercial applications. The requirements resulting from current regulations and respective changes substantial for manufacturers and investors are presented. Gas consumption cost calculations and accumulated cost analysis for 10–year period for two types of heaters, those of the lowest and the highest value of seasonal space heating energy efficiency, are exhibited. This is a reliable parameter essential for selecting the appliance, and its value is calculated and presented according to new regulations.
39
Predoi, Maria Cristina, Ion Mîndrilă, Sandra Alice Buteică, Ștefana Oana Purcaru, Dan Eduard Mihaiescu, and Ovidiu Marcel Mărginean. "Iron Oxide/Salicylic Acid Nanoparticles as Potential Therapy for B16F10 Melanoma Transplanted on the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane." Processes 8, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060706.
Abstract:
Unfavorable prognoses and low survival rates are specific features of metastatic melanoma that justify the concern for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Lately, nanotechnology has become an attractive field of study due to recent advances in nanomedicine. Using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) implanted with xenografts harvested from C57BL/6 mice with B16F10 melanoma cells, we studied the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with salicylic acid (SaMNPs) as a form of therapy on the local development of xenotransplants and CAM vessels. The SaMNPs induced an anti-angiogenic effect on the CAM vessels, which accumulated preferentially in the melanoma cells and induced apoptosis and extensive xenograft necrosis. As a result, this slowed the increase in the xenograft volume and reduced the melanoma cells’ ability to metastasize locally and distally. Further, we demonstrate the use of the chick CAM model as a tool for testing the action of newly synthesized nanocomposites on melanoma xenotransplants. The SaMNPs had a therapeutic effect on B16F10 melanoma due to the synergistic action of the two components of its structure: the coating of the salicylic acid with antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic action and the core of iron oxides with cytotoxic action.
40
Pérez, Ana I., Georgia Fotiadou, and Ianthi Tsimpli. "Preserved Executive Control in Ageing: The Role of Literacy Experience." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101392.
Abstract:
Healthy ageing is commonly accompanied by cognitive decline affecting several domains such as executive control, whereas certain verbal skills remain relatively preserved. Interestingly, recent scientific research has shown that some intellectual activities may be linked to beneficial effects, delaying or even alleviating cognitive decline in the elderly. Thirty young (age: M = 23) and thirty old (age: M = 66) adults were assessed in executive control (switching) and literacy experience (print exposure). First, we tried to confirm whether healthy ageing was generally associated with deficits in switching by looking at mixing cost effects, to then investigate if individual differences in print exposure explained variation in that age-related mixing costs. Both accuracy and reaction times mixing cost indexes demonstrated larger cost in old (but not in young) adults when switching from local to global information. More importantly, this cost effect was not present in old adults with higher print exposure (reaction times). Our findings suggest literacy experience accumulated across the life-span may act as a cognitive reserve proxy to prevent executive control decline.
41
Chae, Kyungjin, Seaungjin Kang, and Haksoon Yim. "Empirical analysis of the Social Effects of the Cultural City Project : The Case of the Chuncheon Cultural City Project “Dosiga Salon”." Korean Arts Association of Arts Management 69 (February 28, 2024): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52564/jamp.2024.69.81.
Abstract:
Korea's cultural city project has been promoted since 2019 by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Although this project has been in progress for four years, there is little empirical analysis of performance or effectiveness. Chuncheon City was selected as a preliminary cultural city in 2019 and then designated as a cultural city in 2020. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the social effects of the Chuncheon Cultural City project “Dosiga Salon”. This study established factors at the individual level(cultural enjoyment, happiness, domiciliation factors, awareness of exchange, connectedness), regional level(social capital), and project level(recognition of program effectiveness). In addition, the effect was estimated based on the accumulated experience of the program(frequency or period of program participation). The survey was conducted on 260 space owners, professionals, and residents who participated in this project, and social effects were analyzed through independent sample T-Test and one-way ANOVA. As a result of the analysis, the group that participated in this project frequently or for a long time generally had a higher average score than the group that did not participate, and the results were statistically significant. These results show that the cultural city project is leading to positive changes in local residents. The results were consistent with the goals of the cultural city project: ‘expanding the enjoyment of culture by local residents’ and ‘creating a local cultural foundation and strengthening capabilities’. Based on these results, we proposed the need to establish a mid-term plan for this project, develop community programs, and build social capital.
42
Zhang, Cunkuan, Wenchuan Ding, Xiaolan Zeng, and Xiaotang Xu. "Recovery of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate using a biopolar membrane equipped electrodialysis system." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1758–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.438.
Abstract:
Abstract In this paper, a laboratory-scale electrodialysis reactor with five compartment cells separated by a bipolar membrane and ion exchange membrane was assembled to remove ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate as a pretreatment process. The effects of humic acid, magnesium ions (Mg2+) and calcium ions (Ca2+) existing in leachate on the removal efficiency of ammonium () were investigated by using simulated wastewater. The results indicate that humic acid has little impact on ammonium in the presence of an electric field. High concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in solution have a substantial impact on the removal efficiency of ammonium, but the average migration rate of the three ions is > Mg2+ > Ca2+ under the same current intensity, and plays a major role in electromigration for mixture electrodialysis. Therefore, ammonia nitrogen can be separated from leachate and accumulated effectively. Meanwhile, the bipolar membrane near the cathode produces alkali that is released into the base cell to promote ammonia nitrogen transformation from accumulated ammonium, which creates in-site alkaline condition for ammonia nitrogen recovery by a further stripping process. When the actual leachate collected from a local municipal sanitary landfill was employed, the reactor reached 86.17% of ammonia nitrogen removal after 3.0 h reaction. Analysis of membrane scale suggests the inhibitory effect of Mg2+ on Ca2+ migration during the initial working period of the reaction can potentially slow down the membrane scaling of the cation exchange membrane. This study provides a promising technology for the removal and recovery of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate.
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Bradlow, Benjamin H. "Weapons of the Strong: Elite Resistance and the Neo-Apartheid City." City & Community 20, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535684121994522.
Abstract:
Transitions to democracy promise equal political power. But political ruptures carry no guarantee that democracy can overcome the accumulated inequalities of history. In South Africa, the transition to democracy shifted power from a racial minority in ways that suggested an unusually high probability of material change. This article analyzes the limits of public power after democratic transitions. Why has the post-Apartheid local state in Johannesburg been unable to achieve a spatially inclusive distribution of public goods despite a political imperative for both spatial and fiscal redistribution? I rely on interviews and archival research, conducted in Johannesburg between 2015 and 2018. Because the color line created a sharp distinction between political and economic power, traditional white urban elites required non-majoritarian and hidden strategies that translated their structural power into effective power. The cumulative effect of these “weapons of the strong” has been to disable the capacity of the local state to countervail the power of wealthy residents’ associations and property developers. Through these strategies, elites repurposed institutional reforms for redistribution to instead reproduce the city’s inequalities.
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Niu, Jiacheng, Huaizhi Tang, Qi Liu, Feng Cheng, Leina Zhang, Lingling Sang, Yuanfang Huang, Chongyang Shen, Bingbo Gao, and Zibing Niu. "Determinants of Soil Bacterial Diversity in a Black Soil Region in a Large-Scale Area." Land 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050731.
Abstract:
Soils in black soil areas are high in organic matter and rich in nutrients. Soil microorganisms are particularly critical to cultivated land. The objective of this study was to explore the influencing factors of soil bacterial diversity under special regional conditions in a black soil region. In this study, the cultivated land in a black soil area was used as the study area and a random forest was used to map the bacterial abundance in the black soil area based on 1810 sample points. DbMEM analysis was used to quantify the spatial effect of the black soil area and to identify the influencing factors of soil bacterial abundance in the black soil area in combination with soil properties, terrain, and climate. Results of a variation division showed that broad (8.336%), AT (accumulated temperature, 5.520%), and pH (4.184%) were the main factors affecting soil bacterial diversity. The broad effect was more significant in the spatial effect, which may be related to the local landscape configuration. Overall, our research showed that the influencing factors of soil bacteria will be affected by regional characteristics.
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Wang, Wenjiao, Tao Xu, Xinyue Chen, Kemeng Dong, Chunkai Du, Jing Sun, Cuige Shi, et al. "NPY Receptor 2 Mediates NPY Antidepressant Effect in the mPFC of LPS Rat by Suppressing NLRP3 Signaling Pathway." Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (May 15, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7898095.
Abstract:
Accumulated evidences show that neuroinflammation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of depression. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammative as well as antidepressant effects. In the present study, the ability of NPY to modulate depressive-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in rats and the receptors and signaling mechanisms involved were investigated. Continuous injection LPS (i.p) for 4 days led to development of depressive-like behaviors in rats, accompanied with M1-type microglia activation and increased levels of IL-1β as well as decreased levels of NPY and Y2R expression in the mPFC selectively. Local injection of NPY into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) ameliorated the depression-like behaviors and suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Y2R agonist PYY (3-36) mimicked and Y2R antagonist BIIE0246 abolished the NPY effects in the mPFC. All these results suggest that NPY and Y2R in the mPFC are involved in the pathophysiology of depression and NPY plays an antidepressant role in the mPFC mainly via Y2R, which suppresses the NLRP3 signaling pathway, in LPS-induced depression model rats.
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Firme, Vinícius de Azevedo Couto, Hilton Manoel Dias Ribeiro, and Juliana Gonçalves Taveira. "Local characteristics and the Covid-19 pandemic: an analysis focused on the municipalities from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais." Economia e Sociedade 31, no. 3 (December 2022): 771–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3533.2022v31n3art09.
Abstract:
Abstract In order to understand the reasons that led certain locations to face more/less difficulties in dealing with COVID-19, the effect of some municipal characteristics, on the main statistics related to the disease, was estimated. For this purpose, cross-section data (with cases/deaths accumulated up until April 21, 2021), on the municipalities of Minas Gerais were considered, and Ordinary Least Squares, Poisson and Negative Binomial estimators were used, in addition to the Extreme Bounds Analysis technique. Small towns, with a larger number of public health clinics (known in Brazil as “basic health units”) and more young people would have fewer cases/deaths. Urban, hot, polluted locations with higher inequality, as well as greater economic activity and movement of employees, presented the greatest problems. Incidence/mortality would increase in hot cities, with greater economic activity and a history of comorbidity. However, mortality would decrease among the youngest/most educated people. Furthermore, lethality would be lower among the younger population and in sparsely populated (up to 150,000 inhabitants) and rainless cities.
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Li, Peiyang, Wenchang Huang, Jie Xu, Weiwei Shao, and Yaoyao Cui. "Efficacy Estimation of Microbubble-Assisted Local Sonothrombolysis Using a Catheter with a Series of Miniature Transducers." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060612.
Abstract:
Intravascular ultrasound has good prospects for clinical applications in sonothrombolysis. The catheter-based side-looking intravascular ultrasound thrombolysis (e.g., Ekosonic catheters) used in clinical studies has a high frequency (2 MHz). The lower-frequency ultrasound requires a larger-diameter transducer. In our study, we designed and manufactured a small ultrasound-based prototype catheter that can emit a lower frequency ultrasound (1.1 MHz). In order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of local low-frequency ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis, a microbubble (MB) was introduced to augment thrombolysis effect of locally delivered low-intensity ultrasound. The results demonstrated that combination of ultrasound and MB realized higher clot lysis than urokinase-only treatment (17.0% ± 1.2% vs. 14.9% ± 2.7%) under optimal ultrasound settings of 1.1 MHz, 0.414 MPa, 4.89 W/cm2, 5% duty cycle and MB concentration of 60 μg/mL. When urokinase was added, the fibrinolysis accelerated by MB and ultrasound resulted in a further increased thrombolysis rate that was more than two times than that of urokinase alone (36.7% ± 5.5% vs. 14.9% ± 2.7%). However, a great quantity of ultrasound energy was required to achieve substantial clot lysis without MB, leading to the situation that temperature accumulated inside the clot became harmful. We suggest that MB-assisted local sonothrombolysis be considered as adjuvant therapy of thrombolytic agents.
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Marburg, Steffen. "A Pollution Effect in the Boundary Element Method for Acoustic Problems." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 26, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591728518500184.
Abstract:
The pollution effect is a well-known and well-investigated phenomenon of the finite element method for wave problems in general and for acoustic problems in particular. It is understood as the problem that a local mesh refinement cannot compensate the numerical error which is generated and accumulated in other regions of the model. This is the case for the phase error of the finite element method which leads to dispersion resulting in very large numerical errors for domains with many waves in them and is of particular importance for low order elements. Former investigations have shown that a pollution effect resulting from dispersion is unlikely for the boundary element method. However, numerical damping in the boundary element method can account for a pollution effect. A further investigation of numerical damping reveals that it has similar consequences as the phase error of the finite element method. One of these consequences is that the number of waves within the domain may be controlling the discretization error in addition to the size and the order of the boundary elements. This will be demonstrated in computational examples discussing traveling waves in rectangular ducts. Different lengths, element types and mesh sizes are tested for the boundary element collocation method. In addition to the amplitude error which is due to numerical damping, a rather small phase error is observed. This may indicate numerical dispersion.
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Islam, MS, A. Akhtar, MA Hossain, MF Rahman, and SS Hossain. "Lifetime productivity and repeatability estimation of selected traits of crossbred cows in Savar Dairy Farm." Progressive Agriculture 29, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v29i2.38303.
Abstract:
The study was conducted on 244 crossbred cows of (Central Cattle Breeding and Diry Farm), Savar, Dhaka to evaluate the effect of different productive groups on their lifetime performance of various productive traits using twenty years data. Data were accumulated from a prescribed data sheet maintained by Central Cattle Breeding Station, Savar, Dhaka. Genetic groups for this experiment were Local Friesian (LF), Local Jersey (LJ), Local Hariana X Friesian (LH x F), Local Friesian X Local Friesian (LF x LF) and Local Jersey X Local Jersey (LJ x LJ). The studied parameters were age at puberty, lactation length, lactation yield, total milking days, and total milk yield in lifetime. The data were analyzed using Least-Squares Mixed Model and Maximum Likelihood Computer Program (Harvey, 1990). Analysis showed that genetic groups had a significant effect on age at puberty, lactation length and lactation yield (P<0.01), total milking days and milk yield in lifetime (P<0.001). From the result it was found that earliest age at puberty were in L x F (749.27±99.01). Lactation length and standardized lactation yield were also higher in L x F (258.69±20.04 days and 1408.80±83.60 kg respectively). Total milking days and milk yield were observed higher in (LH x F) with mean of 1468.30±198.58 days and 7340.32±1813.28 kg, respectively. The repeatability estimates of lactation length for genetic groups LF, LJ, LH x F, LF x LF and LJ x LJ were 0.24±0.09, 0.04(-ve), 0.10±0.05, 0.07±0.05 and 0.49±0.22, respectively. The same for lactation yield was 0.17±0.08, 0.27± 0.02, 0.07±0.04, 0.17±0.08 and 0.03±0.05 respectively. From analysis it was revealed that in respect of productive performances the L x F genetic group was found superior compared to other groups but interns of total lifetime productivity, LH x F ranked the highest in the given environment. It is concluded that lifetime productivity needs to be considered as an appropriate guideline for selecting genetic groups for future productivity.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 168-177, 2018
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Alkhabbat, Mohammed, François Nadeau, Fatemeh Mirakhorli, Thien-My Dao, and Xuan-Tan Pham. "Effect of Laser Welding Parameters with Different Fillers on Solidification Cracking and Mechanical Properties of AA7075." Metals 13, no. 10 (October 7, 2023): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101704.
Abstract:
AA7075 is considered a ‘non-weldable’ alloy using fusion welding methods. In this study, laser welding is applied in pulse mode to weld 2 mm thick AA7075 aluminum alloy plates using different fillers. The aim is to identify the influence of welding parameters and fillers on solidification cracking susceptibility during laser welding using the circular patch test (CPT). X-ray radiography was used to detect and measure cracks in the CPT samples. Furthermore, the effects of the laser welding process and chemical composition of fillers on the accumulated crack length (CCL), microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical behavior and local deformation of the fusion zone (FZ) were investigated using micro-flat tensile tests with digital image correlation. The mechanical properties of the FZ were correlated with the CCL as well as with the microstructure of the FZ, which was investigated experimentally. The results show that the chemical composition of fillers and welding speed affect the CCL of solidification cracks. Changes in the microstructure were observed within the fusion zone, and the structure became uniform and finer with the formation of Mg2Si and magnesium-rich, copper, and zinc (η-phase) particles.